We all read a huge number of articles on how to select keywords and correctly list them, how to use keywords to make a site relevant to certain search queries. Let's take a closer look at the placement of keywords on web pages.

Knowing where and how to place keywords on a web page will determine the success or failure of your SEO campaign.

There are 5 elements on every web page where keywords should be placed:

1. Page title (title tag)
2. Page Keywords (Meta keywords tag)
3. Page description (Meta description tag)
4. Alternative text for pictures (Alt tag)
5. Web page content (body tag)

Of all the above elements of a web page, the most important of all is the content of the page (point 5). More on this below.

For now, let's take this list in order.

Element #1. Page title (title tag)

First, consider the title of the page (title tag). This element is the very first and most important of all the other elements in the head block of any web page.

You can see the title of the web page in the very top line of the Internet browser. To verify this, fire up any browser, such as Internet Explorer, Opera, or Mozilla Firefox, go to any website, and compare the contents of the title tag with the top line in those browsers. Search engines use this tag for their own purposes - to collect information about the site and determine its subject matter, and also use it in the search results (SERP) as the title of the web page.

Remember! The title of a web page is a brief description of the web page.

In addition to the above, the content of the title tag is used as the title of the web page when adding it to the Internet browser's Favorites.

Element number 2. Page Keywords (Meta keywords tag)

Now let's talk about the keywords and description meta tags. Some time ago, the keywords meta tag was used when adding a site to the search engine index. But those times have passed. Now search engines simply ignore this tag, because. there are frequent cases of its use for "dirty" purposes. Some search engines pay attention to this tag to determine the subject of the site.

From all that has been said, it follows that this tag is not required, but you can use it exclusively for its intended purpose.

Keywords should be separated by a comma. Place the most important keywords at the top of the list, then in descending order of importance. Search engines no longer pay attention to the case in which keywords are typed, so now all keywords can be printed in lower case.

Element number 3. Page description (Meta description tag)

The description meta tag is another site element where keywords should be placed. Search engines look at this tag for keywords and compare its content with the content of the site itself (the content of the body tag). A very important circumstance is that search engines use the content of the description tag as a description of a web page in search results (SERP).

This tag should contain a brief description of the web page, but no more than 50 words.

Element number 4. Alternative text for pictures (Alt tag)

Alt tags are a textual description of the contents of the image, i.e. if for some reason the picture is not loaded, and this picture has an alt-text, then this text will be displayed instead of the picture.

If the picture is loaded, and the picture also has alt-text, then we can see it when we hover the mouse cursor over the picture. Alt-tags are used for the convenience of those Internet users who for some reason do not display graphics.

Many search engines index the contents of this tag, so keywords may be contained there. Just don't forget that the alt text must match the image, describe it, be its text equivalent. Don't use an alt tag for markup images like separator lines, bullets...

Element number 5. Web page content (body tag)

So, finally, we got to the most basic element of the site - the body tag, the element whose content is of most interest to Internet users. Major search engines will no longer give you 1 SERP just because there are multiple occurrences of a keyword on your website page. Only the web page that is most relevant to a particular search query will appear there.

To achieve this, you should embed selected keywords into the code of web pages, respecting the frequency of their repetition. Proceed as follows: for each specific page, select 1-2 keywords and optimize the corresponding page for them.

Imagine that you are preparing a presentation of your new website or product. Then, for example, the slides of your PowerPoint presentation are paragraphs. They should be short and clear. Just like in a PowerPoint presentation, you can use lists to list the benefits of your site or product, each time focusing on selected keywords.

Incorporate your chosen keywords into the above 5 elements of every web page and you will improve your current rankings and results by a lot.

Web page elements

Any web page contains a certain set of standard elements that are mandatory components of each Internet resource. Of course, the range and number of such objects may vary depending on the thematic focus of the site, the volume of materials published on it, as well as on the goals and objectives that the creator of this resource sets for himself. The layout of such elements, designing their relative position is one of the main tasks of the webmaster.

The first element of a web page that we need to consider is its title. It can be made in both text and graphic versions, however, in both cases, it should be located at the top of the document. Sometimes the heading is combined with a Cyrillic encoding selection menu and buttons for switching from the Russian-language to the English-language version of the site, if this web resource is presented in two languages. As a rule, the space allotted for placing an advertising banner is located directly in the subheading of the document. The inclusion of a banner in the upper part of the web page in most cases is a prerequisite for registering a site in banner exchange services - systems that advertise the resource you created in exchange for displaying advertisements of other members of the banner exchange network on your site's pages. The standard size of banners published under the title of a document is usually 468x60 pixels. If you are using a static page layout, your document's title width will be approximately 640 pixels: this value is primarily due to the need to ensure that the document displays correctly on monitors with a screen resolution of 640x480 pixels and to avoid horizontal scrollbars that make it difficult to see it. Obviously, the width of the banner in this case will be much less than the width of the header, due to which, in the part of the page where you plan to allocate space for advertising, an unoccupied space is formed that can be filled with the logo of the company that owns this site or a link to the server that implements the web-site. hosting. Of course, the logo is not always necessary: ​​as a rule, it is included in the web page only if the site has a commercial focus.

The main part of the document is occupied by the so-called text field - the area where the semantic content of the page is placed: meaningful informational text and illustrations. The listed elements are also called content (from English, content - content). The location of the text field depends primarily on how the web designer will place the rest of the document elements.

The next obligatory component of a web page is navigation elements - hyperlinks that link this document with other sections of the site. Navigation elements can be in the form of text strings, graphical objects, i.e. buttons, or active components, such as Java applets. The latter are the same buttons that, unlike their traditional sisters, are able to respond to mouse movements, performing some simple actions when hovering over them (turning on the backlight, creating a clicking effect, changing the shape, etc.). As I already mentioned in the Basic "postulates" of web design section, navigation elements should be positioned in such a way that they are always in sight, at hand, that is, so that the user does not have to rewind the page back if the text field takes several physical screens, and then look for links to other sections for a long time. The most established approach is to place navigation elements at the left border of the page.

At the bottom of the document, it is customary to publish information about the developers of the site and an e-mail address where visitors to the resource can send their responses, suggestions and wishes to the owners of the page. If the web page is a start document, a hit counter is also placed at the bottom of the web page - a small script that calls a CGI script installed on the server that records each time the document is opened in the user's browser, changing the value of the counter indicator. Thanks to this, the webmaster can easily determine the number of visitors who visited his page for any time. I note that the hit counter is set only on the first page called when accessing the site, it is absent in other resource documents. It is also not recommended to place several different counters on one page.

So, we have analyzed all the main components of a web page and their possible location relative to each other.

In practice, there are often websites in the design of which navigation elements are positioned along the right border of the screen. In this case, the text field is shifted to the left, the rest of the document components are arranged based on the principle of maximum aesthetics of their combination.

As can be seen from the figure, the logo in this case is placed on the same level as the title of the document, and the advertising banner is positioned relative to the center of the page. With this approach, it is recommended to maintain the graphic design of the header, logo and advertising field in a single color and artistic style - then the asymmetry of the position of these objects will not be so obvious and will not hurt the eyes of supporters of a strict, tabular design aesthetic.

Navigation elements can be placed not only near the right and left borders of the page, but also at the top of the document. This layout option, in my opinion, is most suitable for creating home pages: in this case, all page objects harmoniously fit into the specified width of the invisible table, while preparing the table itself is greatly simplified. The only drawback of this approach is the need to duplicate the navigation elements at the bottom of the document, because when scrolling vertically on the page, they disappear beyond the top of the screen, and to get to them, the user will have to rewind the screen, which, you see, is very inconvenient.

Of course, everything that has been said in this section is not a panacea, but a guide to action. I'm only trying to outline the general principles that apply when laying out the structure of a site, but the final decision is always left to the webmaster. Ultimately, no matter what design you use as the basis for your future project, the result of your work will still be correct: there is neither censorship on the Internet, nor any regulations that force the site creator into one or another rigid framework. An example of a design solution that does not fall into any of the above categories is the so-called mixed layout.

As you can see from the figure, in this example, part of the controls is built directly into the page header - we are talking about buttons for switching between the Russian and English versions of the site, as well as navigation buttons: this can be a link to the email address of the resource creators, duplicated at the bottom document, and a link to one of the thematic sections, for example, a news page. The main block of navigation elements is positioned relative to the left border of the document, but the Cyrillic encoding selection menu is located directly below the advertising banner at the top of the page. The text field is divided into two asymmetrical columns, and in the right one there are brief announcements of the thematic headings that make up the resource, including links to these sections.

Obviously, there can be a great variety of mixed layout options for a web page: specific solutions depend on the number of sections that make up the resource, the amount of text prepared for placement on the site, and, finally, on the imagination of the designer himself. It is only important that the appearance of the site does not cause complaints from visitors. In the end, only you as a developer, you and no one else, have the right to use all your abilities and talents and compose the page to your liking. The creators of some homepages, without hesitation, place a hit counter in the upper right corner of the document, write the name of the site in small, small print and publish it under an advertising banner, and for some reason the navigation elements are unexpectedly found right in the middle of the text block, between the story about themselves and photos of the favorite dog of the author of the project. For taste and color, as they say, there are no comrades. But personally, this disease seems incurable to me.

Valieva Elvira Fanisovna,

chemistry teacher, highest qualification category

MBOU "ASOSH No. 1" Aktanyshsky municipal district

Republic of Tatarstan

TOPIC OF THE LESSON: SIMPLE SUBSTANCES - METALS”

Lesson Objectives:

Educational- to improve knowledge about chemical elements on the example of metals.

Educational- describe physical properties and explain them. To prove the advantages of using metals in various fields. To develop the ability to observe, analyze information, highlight the main thing, promote the development of cognitive interest.

Educational- to educate personal qualities, efficiency, communicative competence and a culture of communication through work in pairs, in a group.

Methods and methodological techniques- laboratory work, independent work with the text of the textbook and presentation slides, mutual verification of the results of work in pairs.

Lesson type: combined

Equipment: aluminum: foil, aluminum spoon, wire, sodium, copper, copper coil, silver spoon. copper coil, Metals collection, thermometer, tin soldiers, models of atoms and molecules.

Toolkit:

1. Improving the quality of teaching in the Republic of Tatarstan. Teaching learning for the 21st century.

2. Textbook: O.S. Gabrielyan, Chemistry, Grade 8.

3. Electronic textbook "Chemistry, Grade 8" and an electronic methodological manual of the publishing house "Drofa".

4. Presentation in PowerPoint., Interactive whiteboard, Periodic system of chemical elements of D.I. Mendeleev.

5.Instruction - printout for this lesson. Sets of metal collections, reference books for laboratory work, instructional map for laboratory work.

During the classes:

I. Checking knowledge on the basic concepts that students have already learned.

At this stage of the lesson I use the method D AND FROM TOTS .

Students take 3-4 small pieces of paper. I announce the topic “Types of chemical bonds” and give time to think. During the time set by the teacher, the students call the words aloud on the topic, write it down on pieces of paper and put it word up on the center of the table. Repeat steps 1-3 until they have used all the leaves. For example, the words: ions, cations, anions, electronegativity, covalent, polar, non-polar, metallic, bond, ionic, crystal lattice, salts and ......

Teacher: so we learned the concepts of the following concepts.

I use TIK-TEK-TOU. - tic-tac-toe.. Teacher: I laid out 9 leaflets with concepts in a 3 * 3 format. Each participant makes sentences using any three words located in any row vertically, horizontally and diagonally (on the same word line, in one minute). For example:between ions formed ionic bond. in knots crystal lattice there are cations and aions. Acids have forged polar bond.

At the end of the knowledge survey, I will conduct CONTINIUS ROUND ROBIN . I ask questions and give them time to think. Four students in a team take turns answering in a circle until the teacher stops them. Thank each other.

II. Learning new material.

1. Teacher:

Slide. How many types of chemical elements are in PSHE D.I. Mendeleev? What is a chemical element? (certain kind of atom)

Slide.

Demonstration models of atoms and molecules. Atoms make molecules, and molecules... (substances)

Slide. What are the substances? Examples.

Slide. Simple substances are made up of atoms of the same kind. Compounds are made up of different types of atoms.

Slide. The properties of simple substances are: metals and non-metals. By nature, the elements are, what?

Slide. Using NAMBE AP name metals. "Magic word" - metal. Team members, starting with the first element of the ESS, list the elements aloud. Every time there is metal, the students say it and stand up. Thank each other.

Thus, out of 109 chemical elements of PS, 88 elements form simple substances with a metallic bond.

2. Metals and celestial bodies.

Alchemical metals are "ruled" by the seven planets of classical astrology. In alchemical practice, the symbol of the ruling planet is most often used to denote metal: Our ancestors associated gold with the Sun. Silver with the Moon, copper with Venus, iron with Mars, tin with Jupiter, lead with Saturn. Mercury - with mercury. Since ancient times, each planet was designated by a special sign. The same signs also denoted metals “related” to these planets. Figure 12.

I use TIMED-PEA-SHEA. I ask the question: What kind of modeling did the alchemists use? Given 30 sec. for reflection. Teacher: We smiled at the neighbors on the shoulder and give an answer. Whoever has a wider smile, he begins to answer first, 30 seconds are given. Time is noted, then the second within 30 sec. Thus, they exchange with each other. Closing Phrase (I liked hearing about….)

There is noble metals: silver, platinum, oct, gold.

Alkali metals: lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, francium (a very rare and radioactive metal).

Physical properties of metals and areas of their application.

3. Group work

Laboratory work

Aggregate state of some metals.

Demonstration: aluminum: powder and foil, gallium: solid and molten; copper: powder and wire; mercury: liquid.

The liquid state of aggregation allows the use of mercury to measure temperature.

The high strength of steel is due to one of the hardest metals - chromium.

Teacher:

Plasticity (089). Plasticity is the ability of a metal to take a new shape under load without breaking. Under the action of a load, metals elongate to varying degrees, and their cross section decreases. The more the sample is able to elongate and its cross section to narrow, the more ductile the metal. Picture"An example of artistic forging". Ductile metals can be subjected to division processing - forging, stamping or drawing metal ingots into strips. Sheets, rails and other blank products.

In contrast to ductile, brittle metals are destroyed under the action of a load without changing shape, suddenly. Fragility is a negative property.

The most plastic are gold, silver and copper. From gold, you can make foil with a thickness of 0.003 mm, which is used for gilding products.

Zinc or tin rods crackle when bent. Manganese and bismuth almost do not bend during deformation, but immediately break. Plasticity depends on the purity of the metal. Pure chromium is ductile, but contaminated with even minor impurities, it becomes brittle and harder.

Filling in the table.

Lab Experience Report

"Introduction to the collection of metals"

Physical Properties
Plastic
Hardness.
Melting temperature
Density.
Thermal conductivity.
Electrical conductivity.
Metallic sheen.

Assignment to groups. Each group is given a specific topic. Instructions are provided for study. Initially, each student studies the material for 1 minute. Then they explain this material together in the form of diagrams or drawings together in A3 format. 3 minutes are given. One of the group explains the material.

Task for the first group. Melting point (091).

The melting point of metals lies in the range from -39C (mercury) to 3390C (tungsten). Table "Melting point of some metals." According to the melting point, metals are divided into fusible and refractory. Fusible metals are considered to have a melting point below 500 C. These include alkali metals, tin and lead, which can be melted on a conventional electric or gas stove. Mercury is the only metal that, at n.o.s. are in a liquid state. Gallium can be melted in the palm of your hand. One of the features of gallium is a wide temperature range for the existence of a liquid state - from 30-2230 C.

Refractory metals are metals that have a very high melting point, have an increased density and wear resistance. This group of metals includes five metals - niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium and tungsten. All of them have a melting point above 2200 C. By a broader definition, refractory metals include metals that have a melting point higher than that of iron. This definition allows you to include titanium, vanadium, platinum and chromium in the list of refractory.

Relationship between the melting temperature of metals and their applications.

Task for the second group.Density (092). For the most part, metals are heavier than non-metals. Diamond has the highest density among non-metals (3.5 g/cm3). Depending on the density, metals are divided into light (density 0.53 - 5 / cm3) and heavy (5-22.5 g / cm3). The lightest (density 0.53 g / cm3). The density of the two heaviest metals - osmium and iridium - are equal, they are almost twice as heavy as lead (density is about 22.5 g/cm3).

From the table below, using the data, make a list of metals.

3. Group work

Physical properties of metals.

Laboratory work

"Introduction to the collection of metals"

Lab Experience Report

"Introduction to the collection of metals"

Physical Properties	Sequence of metals (in ascending order of properties)
Plastic
Hardness.
Melting temperature
Density.
Thermal conductivity.
Electrical conductivity.
Metallic sheen.

Formulate a conclusion by filling in the missing words and phrases: Most metals are characterized by the following … .. properties: ………………… however, metals differ ……….)

III. Consolidation of knowledge.RELLY ROBIN. I ask the question: What did you learn in the lesson? Write your answers in the form of a list. One minute is given for reflection. Pupils give short answers orally about queues. Praise each other.

IV. Homework. Ex. 1.2 p. 56. Workbook p. 53 no. 2.

Farewell phrase: Have a great day! I was glad to meet you. See you!

Of the 114 chemical elements of the Periodic Table of D. I. Mendeleev, 92 elements in the free state form simple substances with a metallic bond.

Even in ancient times, people drew attention to the special properties of metals: they can be melted and then given any shape, while making arrowheads and spears, shields and swords, utensils and plows ... On the clock of human history, the Stone Age was replaced by the Copper Age , then - bronze, then - iron ...

All metals, except mercury, are solids in their normal state and have a number of common properties. Metals are malleable, ductile, ductile substances that have a metallic luster, are thermally and electrically conductive.

In past centuries, many miraculous properties were attributed to metals. Known in ancient Egypt, seven metals were considered representatives of the seven planets on Earth.

Our ancestors associated gold with the Sun, silver with the Moon, copper with Venus, iron with Mars, tin with Jupiter, lead with Saturn, mercury with Mercury (Fig. 44). The coincidence of the number of metals familiar to the ancients with the number of planets that they saw in the sky, it would seem, confirmed the relationship of terrestrial metals with celestial bodies. When in the 16th century alchemists became aware of metallic antimony, they refused to recognize it as a metal for a long time - after all, there was not enough planet in the sky for antimony.

Rice. 44.
Designation of chemical elements by alchemists

M. V. Lomonosov defined metal “as a light body that can be forged”, and attributed this property to metals: gold, silver, copper, tin, iron and lead. A. Lavoisier in his "Elementary Course in Chemistry", written in 1789, already mentioned 17 metals. At the beginning of the XIX century. followed by the discovery of platinum metals. To date, the number of known metals has risen to 92.

Plasticity is the most important property of metals to change their shape upon impact, roll into thin sheets and stretch into a wire. At the same time, mobile socialized electrons soften the movement of positive ions, shielding them from each other. Therefore, the processing of metals with a change in shape occurs without destruction.

The most malleable of the precious metals is gold. One gram of gold can be drawn into a wire two kilometers long.

All metals, as you know, are solid substances under normal conditions. The exception, as already noted, is mercury, which under normal conditions is a liquid, shiny, silvery-white metal.

Metals vary in hardness. Soft ones are alkaline, for example, or lead, and hard ones are chromium, titanium, molybdenum.

You can get an idea of ​​the melting points and densities of some metals if you carefully consider Figure 45.

Rice. 45.
Melting points and densities of some metals

The presence of socialized electrons also explains such characteristic properties of metals as their thermal and electrical conductivity. Even a small potential difference is enough, and randomly moving electrons begin to move in a strictly orderly manner. The best conductors of electric current are silver, copper, gold, aluminum. They are listed in order of decreasing electrical conductivity.

Free electrons also determine such a property as metallic luster. Light is absorbed by the surface of the metal, and its electrons begin to emit their own, secondary, radiation waves, which we perceive as a metallic sheen. Perfectly reflect light palladium, mercury, silver, copper.

Laboratory experiment No. 5
Acquaintance with the collection of metals

Explore the metal collection. Write down the chemical signs of the metals given to you, arrange them in ascending order:

1. density;
2. plasticity;
3. hardness;
4. metallic luster;
5. electrical conductivity;
6. thermal conductivity.

To complete the task, use appendices 1 and 2, additional sources of information.

Keywords and phrases

Physical properties of metals: ductility, ductility, malleability, hardness, boiling point, metallic luster, electrical and thermal conductivity.

Work with computer

1. Refer to the electronic application. Study the material of the lesson and complete the suggested tasks.
2. Search the Internet for email addresses that can serve as additional sources that reveal the content of the keywords and phrases of the paragraph. Offer the teacher your help in preparing a new lesson - make a report on the key words and phrases of the next paragraph.

Questions and tasks

1. Which of the substances named in the poem below is not a metal?

   Seven metals created light
   According to the number of seven planets:
   Copper, iron, silver...
   He gave us space for good.
   Gold, tin, lead...
   My son, sulfur is their father.
   Also, you should know:
   Mercury is their own mother to all of them.

2. How to understand the figurative expressions given in this poem: “sulfur is their father” and “mercury is their own mother”?
3. What property of metals is mentioned in the opening line of A. S. Pushkin's poem "Dagger"?

   The Lemnos god bound you...

   What property of metals is mentioned in the lines below?

   Like an infernal ray, like lightning of the gods,
   The silent blade shines in the eyes of the villain,
   And looking around he trembles
   Among their feasts...

4. Why are airlines prohibited from transporting apparatus and devices containing mercury?
5. Using additional literature, prepare a message about the appearance of mirrors in human life and the improvement of methods for their manufacture.