Geographic latitude φ is the angle between plumb line at a given point and the plane of the equator, counted from 0 to 90 ° on both sides of the equator.

The term "plumb line" means the direction to the center of gravity ("astronomical latitude") or perpendicular to the surface at a given point ("geodetic latitude"). In the latter case, the "surface" is usually understood as the surface of the ellipsoid approximating the shape of the Earth. In practice, the differences are usually small - for example, in the WGS 84 system used in GPS receivers, the geometric center of the model is assumed to be no more than 2 centimeters from the Earth's center of gravity.

see also

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Synonyms:

Antonyms:

• Longitude
• Coat of arms of Lviv

See what "Latitude" is in other dictionaries:

LATITUDE- LATITUDE, latitudes, pl. latitude, female 1. only units distraction noun to wide in 3, 4 and 5 digits. Breadth of vision. Breadth of vision. Coverage breadth. 2. One of the quantities that determine the position of a place on the earth's surface: the distance from the equator along the meridian, ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

latitude- s; pl. companies; well. 1. to Wide (5 6 digits). Sh. mind. Sh. soul, nature. Sh. views. Sh. interests. Sh. outlook. Sh. education. 2. Unfold = Width. Sh. rivers. Sh. streets. Sh. at home. 3. One of the geographical coordinates that determine the position of a point on ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

latitude- breadth, vastness, spaciousness; baggy, infinity, comprehensiveness, range, boundlessness, volume, sweeping, scale, liberty, stylization, appropriateness, breadth, size, scope, scope, sparseness, infinity, ... ... Synonym dictionary

LATITUDE- LATITUDE, s, pl. oty, from, otam, wives. 1. see wide. 2. Geographic coordinate that determines the position of points on the surface of the earth relative to the equator. Southern latitudes. At all latitudes (around the globe, everywhere). Roaring latitudes (about the forties ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

latitude- LATITUDE, s, pl latitudes, from, otam, f Spec. Direction in space, parallel to the equator, one of the geographical coordinates that determine the position of a point on the surface of the earth; distance from the equator along the meridian, expressed in degrees. Northern ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

LATITUDE- LATITUDE, see the article Geographical coordinates ... Modern Encyclopedia

LATITUDE- one of the coordinates in a number of spherical coordinate systems that determines the position of points on the surface of the Earth, the Sun, planets and on the celestial sphere relative to the equator (ecliptic); see Geographic coordinates, Galactic coordinates, Ecliptic... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

LATITUDE- LATITUDE, the angle between the plumb line at a given point and the EQUATOR plane, counted from 0° to 90° on both sides of the equator. All latitudes are parallel to the equator, which is considered zero latitude. Each degree of latitude corresponds to 111 km. NORTH… Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

latitude- latitude, s; pl. latitude, latitude, latitude... Russian word stress

Latitude- I f. Wide space, wide space. II well. Vastness, unlimitedness. III. 1. One of the coordinates that determines the position of a point on the earth's surface. 2. Distance from the equator along the meridian, expressed in degrees (from 0 to 90). Explanatory ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Geographic longitude and latitude are used to accurately determine the physical location of any object on the globe. The easiest way to find geographic coordinates is to use a geographic map. This method requires some theoretical knowledge for its implementation. How to determine the longitude and latitude is described in the article.

Geographical coordinates

Coordinates in geography are a system in which each point on the surface of our planet is assigned a set of numbers and symbols that allows you to accurately determine the position of this point. Geographical coordinates are expressed in three numbers - this is latitude, longitude and height above sea level. The first two coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude, are most often used in various geographical tasks. The origin of the report in the geographic coordinate system is at the center of the Earth. Spherical coordinates are used to represent latitude and longitude, which are expressed in degrees.

Before considering the question of how to determine longitude and latitude by geography, you should understand these concepts in more detail.

The concept of latitude

The latitude of a particular point on the surface of the Earth is understood as the angle between the equatorial plane and the line connecting this point with the center of the Earth. Through all points on having the same latitude, you can draw a plane that will be parallel to the plane of the equator.

The plane of the equator is the zero parallel, that is, its latitude is 0 °, and it divides the entire globe into the southern and northern hemispheres. Accordingly, the north pole lies on parallel 90° north latitude and the south pole lies on parallel 90° south latitude. The distance that corresponds to 1° when moving along a particular parallel depends on which parallel it is. With increasing latitude when moving north or south, this distance decreases. Thus is 0°. Knowing that the circumference of the Earth at the latitude of the equator has a length of 40075.017 km, we obtain a length of 1 ° along this parallel equal to 111.319 km.

Latitude indicates how far north or south of the equator a given point lies on the Earth's surface.

The concept of longitude

The longitude of a particular point on the surface of the Earth is understood as the angle between the plane passing through this point and the axis of rotation of the Earth, and the plane of the prime meridian. According to the settlement agreement, the meridian is supposed to be zero, which passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, located in the southeast in England. The Greenwich meridian divides the globe into east and

Thus, each line of longitude passes through the north and south poles. The lengths of all meridians are equal and amount to 40007.161 km. If we compare this figure with the length of the zero parallel, then we can say that the geometric shape of the planet Earth is a ball flattened from the poles.

Longitude shows how far west or east of the zero (Greenwich) meridian lies a specific point on Earth. If latitude has a maximum value of 90° (latitude of the poles), then the maximum value of longitude is 180° west or east of the prime meridian. The 180° meridian is known as the international date line.

One can ask an interesting question, the longitude of which points cannot be determined. Based on the definition of the meridian, we get that all 360 meridians pass through two points on the surface of our planet, these points are the south and north poles.

Geographic degree

From the above figures it can be seen that 1 ° on the Earth's surface corresponds to a distance of more than 100 km, both along the parallel and along the meridian. For more accurate coordinates of the object, the degree is divided into tenths and hundredths, for example, they talk about 35.79 north latitude. In this form, information is provided by satellite navigation systems such as GPS.

Ordinary geographical and topographic maps represent fractions of a degree in the form of minutes and seconds. So, each degree is divided into 60 minutes (denoted by 60"), and each minute is divided into 60 seconds (denoted by 60""). Here you can draw an analogy with the representation of the measurement of time.

Getting to know the map

To understand how to determine the geographical latitude and longitude on the map, you must first familiarize yourself with it. In particular, you need to figure out how the coordinates of longitude and latitude are represented on it. First, the top of the map shows the northern hemisphere, the bottom shows the southern. The numbers on the left and right of the edge of the map indicate latitude, and the numbers at the top and bottom of the map are longitude coordinates.

Before you determine the coordinates of latitude and longitude, you must remember that they are presented on the map in degrees, minutes and seconds. Do not confuse this system of units with decimal degrees. For example, 15" = 0.25°, 30" = 0.5°, 45"" = 0.75".

Using a geographic map to determine longitude and latitude

Let us explain in detail how to determine longitude and latitude by geography using a map. To do this, you first need to purchase a standard geographic map. This map can be a map of a small area, region, country, continent, or the whole world. To understand which card to deal with, you should read its name. At the bottom, under the name, the limits of latitudes and longitudes, which are presented on the map, can be given.

After that, you need to select some point on the map, some object that needs to be marked in some way, for example, with a pencil. How to determine the longitude of an object located at a selected point, and how to determine its latitude? The first step is to find the vertical and horizontal lines that lie closest to the selected point. These lines are the latitude and longitude, the numerical values ​​​​of which can be viewed at the edges of the map. Assume that the chosen point lies between 10° and 11° north latitude and 67° and 68° west longitude.

Thus, we know how to determine the geographic latitude and longitude of the object selected on the map with the accuracy that the map provides. In this case, the accuracy is 0.5°, both in latitude and longitude.

Determination of the exact value of geographical coordinates

How to determine the longitude and latitude of a point more precisely than 0.5 °? First you need to find out what scale the map with which you are working is. Usually, a scale bar is indicated in one of the corners of the map, showing the correspondence of distances on the map to distances in geographical coordinates and in kilometers on the ground.

After the scale bar is found, it is necessary to take a simple ruler with millimeter divisions and measure the distance on the scale bar. Let in this example, 50 mm corresponds to 1 ° latitude and 40 mm - 1 ° longitude.

Now we position the ruler so that it is parallel to the lines of longitude drawn on the map, and measure the distance from the point in question to one of the nearest parallels, for example, the distance to the 11 ° parallel is 35 mm. We make up a simple proportion and find that this distance corresponds to 0.3 ° from the 10 ° parallel. Thus, the latitude of the considered point is equal to +10.3° (the plus sign means north latitude).

Similar actions should be done for longitude. To do this, place the ruler parallel to the lines of latitude and measure the distance to the nearest meridian from the selected point on the map, for example, this distance is 10 mm to the meridian of 67 ° west longitude. According to the rules of proportion, we obtain that the longitude of the object in question is -67.25 ° (the minus sign means longitude west).

Convert received degrees to minutes and seconds

As stated above, 1° = 60" = 3600"". Using this information and the rule of proportion, we find that 10.3° corresponds to 10°18"0"". For the longitude value, we get: 67.25 ° = 67 ° 15 "0"". In this case, the proportion was used once for the longitude and latitude for the conversion. However, in the general case, when fractional minutes are obtained after using the proportion once, it follows use the proportion a second time to get the value of incremental seconds. Note that the accuracy of determining the coordinates to 1 "corresponds to an accuracy on the surface of the globe equal to 30 meters.

Recording received coordinates

After the question of how to determine the longitude of an object and its latitude has been resolved, and the coordinates of the selected point have been determined, they should be written down correctly. The standard notation is to indicate the longitude after the latitude. Both values ​​must be specified with as many decimal places as possible, since the accuracy of the object location depends on this.

Certain coordinates can be represented in two different formats:

1. Using only the degree icon, e.g. +10.3°, -67.25°.
2. Using minutes and seconds, for example, 10°18"0"" North, 67°15"0"" West.

It should be noted that when representing geographic coordinates in degrees only, the words "North (South) latitude" and "East (West) longitude" are replaced by the appropriate plus or minus sign.

Since the time of man's entry into the seas, the need to determine longitude and latitude has been a vital human skill. Epochs changed, and a person became able to determine the cardinal points in any weather. More and more new methods of determining one's position were required.

The captain of a Spanish galleon in the eighteenth century knew exactly where the ship was due to the position of the stars in the night sky. A 19th-century traveler could determine a deviation from an established route in the forest from natural clues.

Now it's the twenty-first century and many have lost the knowledge gained in geography lessons. Smartphones based on Android or iPhone can serve as a tool, but they will never replace the knowledge and ability to determine your location.

What is latitude and longitude in geography

Determination of geographical coordinates

Applications that users install on iPhones read location coordinates to provide services or data based on where the person is located. After all, if the subscriber is in Russia, then he has no reason to read sites in English. Everything happens in the background.

While the average user will never deal with GPS coordinates, knowing how to get and read them can be valuable. In some cases, they can save a life when there is no card nearby.

In any geographic system, there are two indicators: latitude and longitude. Geodata from a smartphone shows exactly where the user is located relative to the equator.

How to determine the latitude and longitude of your location

Consider two options for determining geographic coordinates:

1. Via Android the simplest is the Google Maps application, perhaps the most complete collection of geographic maps in one application. After launching the Google maps application, the location on the road map will be accurately determined, so that the user can get the best idea of ​​the surrounding area. The app also offers an extensive list of features, including real-time GPS navigation, traffic status, and transit information, as well as detailed information about nearby places, including popular food and holiday spots, photos, and reviews.
2. Through iPhone you don't need any third party app to view latitude and longitude data. The location is determined only with the maps application. To find out the current coordinates, just run the "maps". Touch the arrow in the upper right corner of the screen, then touch the blue dot - this is the designation of the location of the phone and the user. Next, we swipe up the screen, and now the user can see the GPS coordinates. Unfortunately, there is no way to copy these coordinates, but you can get such data.

You will need another Compass application to copy them. It is already installed on the iPhone, you can immediately use it.

To view the latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates in the Compass app, just launch and find the data at the bottom.

Determine the geographical coordinates of Moscow

For this:

1. We open the cards of the yandex search engine.
2. Enter the name of our capital "Moscow" in the address bar.
3. The city center (Kremlin) opens and under the name of the country we find the numbers 55.753215, 37.622504 - these are the coordinates, that is, 55.753215 north latitude and 37.622504 east longitude.

Worldwide GPS coordinates are defined by latitude and longitude according to the wgs-84 coordinate system.

In all situations, latitude is a point relative to the equator and longitude is a point relative to the meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich, UK. This defines two important parameters of online geography.

Finding the latitude and longitude of St. Petersburg

To consolidate the skill, let's repeat the same algorithm of actions, but for the Northern capital:

1. We open "Yandex" maps.
2. We prescribe the name of the northern capital "St. Petersburg".
3. The result of the request will be a panorama of the Palace Square and the desired coordinates 59.939095, 30.315868.

Coordinates of Russian cities and world capitals in the table

Cities of Russia	Latitude	Longitude
Moscow	55.753215	37.622504
St. Petersburg	59.939095	30.315868
Novosibirsk	55.030199	82.920430
Yekaterinburg	56.838011	60.597465
Vladivostok	43.115536	131.885485
Yakutsk	62.028103	129.732663
Chelyabinsk	55.159897	61.402554
Kharkov	49.992167	36.231202
Smolensk	54.782640	32.045134
Omsk	54.989342	73.368212
Krasnoyarsk	56.010563	92.852572
Rostov	57.185866	39.414526
Bryansk	53.243325	34.363731
Sochi	43.585525	39.723062
Ivanovo	57.000348	40.973921

Capitals of world states	Latitude	Longitude
Tokyo	35.682272	139.753137
Brasilia	-15.802118	-47.889062
Kyiv	50.450458	30.523460
Washington	38.891896	-77.033788
Cairo	30.065993	31.266061
Beijing	39.901698	116.391433
Delhi	28.632909	77.220026
Minsk	53.902496	27.561481
Berlin	52.519405	13.406323
Wellington	-41.297278	174.776069

Reading GPS data or where negative numbers come from

The object's geographic positioning system has changed several times. Now, thanks to it, you can accurately determine the distance to the desired object and find out the coordinates.

The ability to show the location is a vital necessity in the search activities of the rescue services. Different situations happen with travelers, tourists or extreme sportsmen. It is then that high accuracy is important, when a person is on the verge of life, and minutes count.

Now, dear reader, having such knowledge, you may have questions. There are many of them, but even from the table one of the most interesting arises - why is the number negative? Let's figure it out.

GPS when translated into Russian sounds like this - "global position system". Remember that the distance to the desired geographical object (city, village, village, and so on) is calculated according to two landmarks on the globe: the equator and the observatory in London.

At school they talked about latitude and longitude, but in yandex maps they are replaced by the left and right parts of the code. If the navigator has positive values, then you are heading north. Otherwise, the numbers become negative, which indicates the southern latitude.

Likewise with longitude. Positive values ​​are east longitude and negative values ​​are west longitude.

For example, the coordinates of the Lenin Library in Moscow are: 55°45’08.1″N 37°36’36.9″E. It reads like this: “55 degrees 45 minutes and 08.1 seconds north latitude and 37 degrees 36 minutes and 36.9 seconds east longitude” (data from Google maps).

Every place on earth can be identified by a global coordinate system of latitude and longitude. Knowing these parameters, it is easy to find any location on the planet. The coordinate system has been helping people in this for several centuries in a row.

Historical prerequisites for the emergence of geographical coordinates

When people began to travel long distances across deserts and seas, they needed a way to fix their position and know in which direction to move so as not to get lost. Before latitude and longitude were on a map, the Phoenicians (600 BC) and Polynesians (400 AD) used the starry sky to calculate latitude.

Quite complex devices have been developed over the centuries, such as the quadrant, the astrolabe, the gnomon, and the Arabic kamal. All of them were used to measure the height of the sun and stars above the horizon and thereby measure latitude. And if the gnomon is just a vertical stick that casts a shadow from the sun, then the kamal is a very peculiar device.

It consisted of a rectangular wooden board measuring 5.1 by 2.5 cm, to which a rope with several equally spaced knots was attached through a hole in the middle.

These instruments determined latitude even after their invention, until a reliable method of determining latitude and longitude on a map was invented.

Navigators for hundreds of years did not have an accurate idea of ​​the location due to the lack of a concept of the value of longitude. There was no precise time device in the world, such as a chronometer, so calculating longitude was simply impossible. Not surprisingly, early navigation was problematic and often resulted in shipwrecks.

Without a doubt, the pioneer of revolutionary navigation was Captain James Cook, who traveled the expanses of the Pacific Ocean thanks to the technical genius of Henry Thomas Harrison. Harrison developed the first navigational clock in 1759. Keeping accurate Greenwich Mean Time, Harrison's clock allowed sailors to determine how many hours were at a point and at a location, after which it became possible to determine longitude from east to west.

Geographic coordinate system

The geographic coordinate system defines two-dimensional coordinates based on the surface of the Earth. It has an angular unit, a prime meridian, and an equator with zero latitude. The globe is conditionally divided into 180 degrees of latitude and 360 degrees of longitude. Lines of latitude are placed parallel to the equator, they are horizontal on the map. Lines of longitude connect the North and South Poles and are vertical on the map. As a result of the overlay, geographic coordinates are formed on the map - latitude and longitude, with which you can determine the position on the surface of the Earth.

This geographic grid gives a unique latitude and longitude for every position on Earth. To increase the accuracy of measurements, they are further subdivided into 60 minutes, and each minute into 60 seconds.

The equator is located at right angles to the Earth's axis, approximately halfway between the North and South Poles. At an angle of 0 degrees, it is used in the geographic coordinate system as the starting point for calculating latitude and longitude on the map.

Latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial line of the Earth's center and the location of its center. The North and South Poles have a width angle of 90. To distinguish places in the Northern Hemisphere from the Southern Hemisphere, the width is additionally provided in the traditional spelling with N for north or S for south.

The earth is tilted about 23.4 degrees, so to find the latitude at the summer solstice, you need to add 23.4 degrees to the angle you are measuring.

How to determine the latitude and longitude on the map during the winter solstice? To do this, subtract 23.4 degrees from the angle that is being measured. And in any other period of time, you need to determine the angle, knowing that it changes by 23.4 degrees every six months and, therefore, about 0.13 degrees per day.

In the northern hemisphere, one can calculate the tilt of the Earth, and therefore latitude, by looking at the angle of the North Star. At the North Pole it will be 90 from the horizon, and at the equator it will be directly ahead of the observer, 0 degrees from the horizon.

Important latitudes:

• North and South polar circles, each is at 66 degrees 34 minutes north and south latitude respectively. These latitudes limit the areas around the poles where the sun does not set at the summer solstice, so the midnight sun dominates there. On the winter solstice, the sun does not rise here, the polar night sets in.
• Tropics are located at 23 degrees 26 minutes in the northern and southern latitudes. These latitudinal circles mark the solar zenith with the summer solstice of the northern and southern hemispheres.
• Equator lies at latitude 0 degrees. The equatorial plane runs approximately in the middle of the Earth's axis between the north and south poles. The equator is the only circle of latitude that corresponds to the circumference of the earth.

Latitude and longitude on the map are important geographic coordinates. Longitude is much more difficult to calculate than latitude. The earth rotates 360 degrees a day, or 15 degrees an hour, so there is a direct relationship between longitude and the times the sun rises and sets. The Greenwich meridian is indicated by 0 degrees of longitude. The sun sets an hour earlier every 15 degrees east of it and an hour later every 15 degrees west. If you know the difference between the sunset time of a location and another known place, you can understand how far east or west is from it.

The lines of longitude run from north to south. They converge at the poles. And the longitude coordinates are between -180 and +180 degrees. The Greenwich meridian is the zero line of longitude, which measures the east-west direction in a system of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude on a map). In fact, the zero line passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich (England). The Greenwich meridian, as the prime meridian, is the starting point for calculating longitude. Longitude is specified as the angle between the center of the prime meridian of the center of the Earth and the center of the center of the Earth. The Greenwich meridian has an angle of 0, and the opposite longitude along which the date line runs has an angle of 180 degrees.

How to find latitude and longitude on a map?

Determining the exact geographic location on a map depends on its scale. To do this, it is enough to have a map with a scale of 1/100000, or better - 1/25000.

First, the longitude D is determined by the formula:

D \u003d G1 + (G2 - G1) * L2 / L1,

where G1, G2 - the value of the right and left nearest meridians in degrees;

L1 - distance between these two meridians;

Calculation of longitude, for example, for Moscow:

G1 = 36°,

G2 = 42°,

L1 = 252.5 mm,

L2 = 57.0 mm.

Search longitude = 36 + (6) * 57.0 / 252.0 = 37° 36".

We determine the latitude L, it is determined by the formula:

L \u003d G1 + (G2 - G1) * L2 / L1,

where G1, G2 - the value of the lower and upper nearest latitude in degrees;

L1 - distance between these two latitudes, mm;

L2 - distance from the definition point to the left nearest one.

For example, for Moscow:

L1 = 371.0 mm,

L2 = 320.5 mm.

Desired width L = 52" + (4) * 273.5 / 371.0 = 55 ° 45.

We check the correctness of the calculation, for this it is necessary to find the coordinates of latitude and longitude on the map using online services on the Internet.

We establish that the geographical coordinates for the city of Moscow correspond to the calculations:

1. 55° 45" 07" (55° 45" 13) north latitude;
2. 37° 36" 59" (37° 36" 93) East.

Determining location coordinates using iPhone

The acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress at the present stage has led to revolutionary discoveries of mobile technology, with the help of which a faster and more accurate determination of geographic coordinates has become available.

There are various mobile applications for this. On iPhones, this is very easy to do using the Compass app.

Definition order:

1. To do this, click "Settings", and then - "Privacy".
2. Now click "Location Services" at the very top.
3. Scroll down until you see the compass and tap it.
4. If you see that it says "When used on the right side", you can start the definition.
5. If not, tap it and select "When Using the App".
6. Open the Compass app and you will see your current location and current GPS coordinates at the bottom of the screen.

Determination of coordinates in an Android phone

Unfortunately, Android doesn't have an official built-in way to get GPS coordinates. However, it is possible to get Google Maps coordinates, which requires some additional steps:

1. Open Google Maps on your Android device and find the desired definition point.
2. Press and hold it anywhere on the screen and drag it to Google Maps.
3. An informational or detailed map will appear at the bottom.
4. Find the Share option on the information card in the upper right corner. This will bring up a menu with the Share option.

This setup can be done in Google Maps on iOS.

This is a great way to get coordinates without the need to install any additional apps.

Good day.

Everyone, probably, at school came across, heard about such concepts as longitude and latitude.

Most often this happened in geography lessons.

So, both of these concepts denote an angle. Latitude- this is the angle between the equator, or rather its plane, and the line from this point; longitude this is the angle between the plane of the meridian passing through the given point and the plane of the zero meridian.

Longitudes from 0 to 180 to the east of that same zero meridian are usually called eastern (while they are usually called or considered positive), and to the west - western (they are also called negative).

Latitude and longitude are angles. Together they form coordinates that can be used to find the position of an object on a spherical surface, like the Earth.

Latitude is determined in relation to the equator. That is, the equator is the zero surface. Positive latitude is north latitude up to +90 degrees, and negative latitude is south latitude up to -90 degrees.

Longitude is defined in terms of meridians. There is a main meridian, from which the longitude begins - this is Greenwich. All meridians to the east are negative longitude up to -180 degrees, and those to the west are positive longitudes up to + 180 degrees.

Latitude and longitude are geographic coordinates, conditional lines on the surface of the globe.

Latitude is a conditional horizontal line (parallel), and longitude is a vertical line. The latitude reference point starts from the equator. This is zero latitude. Latitudes from the equator to the North Pole are called North (N or N) from 0 to 90, from the Equator to the South Pole - South (S or S).

The reference point for longitude is the Greenwich meridian. This is zero longitude. The longitude going from Greenwich towards the east (towards Japan) is called Eastern longitude (east longitude or E), from Greenwich to the west (towards America) - western longitude (west longitude or W)

Each latitude and longitude is measured in degrees, each degree is divided into minutes, each minute into seconds. 1 degree = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds. These are geometric and astronomical units of measurement.

Each degree, each minute and each second is equal to a certain distance, which changes as you approach the poles: the distance of each degree of latitude increases, and each degree of longitude decreases. All points of geographical coordinates converge at the poles, so there is only latitude (there is no longitude): the North Pole is 9000? 00? North latitude, the South Pole is 9000? 00? South latitude.











Of course, everything will depend on the meaning of the word. After all, it can be the breadth of the soul and the length of clothing. But, we take as a basis all the same geographical concepts. In order not to delve into specific and abstruse terminology, I will try to explain these concepts as simply as possible. After all, it is an accessible explanation that helps to remember information for a long time. I remember back in school we were told to imagine ourselves as travelers on a ship. And in order to understand where our ship is, we must learn to calculate latitude and longitude. To understand our location in relation to the North and South Poles, we need latitude.



Longitude is the dihedral angle between the prime (Greenwich) meridian and the local meridian. Longitudes are counted from 0 to 180, from the Greenwich meridian. In general, longitude and latitude are data necessary to determine a point in space, in a plane, from geodetic latitude and longitude, a transition is made to flat coordinates in the Gauss-Mercator projection to draw up topographic plans for sites. Longitude and latitude are geodetic, astronomical, depending on whether what coordinate system are you considering?

Longitude and latitude are used to determine a point on the earth's surface. Latitude is the distance from a certain point to the equator, and longitude is the distance to the zero point of the meridian, or Greenwich. This distance is indicated in degrees, minutes and seconds.

Latitude and longitude are coordinates that can be used to locate an object on the surface of our planet or some other celestial body. Longitude can be east or west. Latitude can be determined using such devices as: the gnomon is an ancient astronomical instrument and the sextant is a measuring, navigational instrument.

To determine latitude and longitude, modern satellite navigation systems such as GPS and GLONASS are used. Latitude and longitude are measured:



It is known from school geography that geographic coordinates are used to determine the position of the Earth's points on an ellipsoid (ball). The initial planes in the system of geographical coordinates are the planes of the initial meridian and the equator, and the coordinates angular values: longitude and latitude of the point. Determining the position of a point using latitudes and longitudes was introduced by Hipparchus in the 2nd century BC. BC e. Geographic latitude point is called injection between the equatorial plane and the normal (plumb line) drawn from the given point. Geographic longitude dot it dihedral angle between the plane of the initial (zero Greenwich) meridian and the plane of the meridian passing through the given point.

Longitude and latitude are concepts used in the designation of geographic coordinates.

For example, they say: the ship is at 35 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees east longitude.

How is this to be understood?

To understand, take a globe, touch your finger anywhere on the equator. Then spin the globe without removing your finger. By turning the globe, you change the position of your finger in longitude.

In the city of Greenwich there is a point where the longitude is zero degrees. This is the point through which the prime meridian passes.

Everything to the right on the map is called east longitude, and everything to the left is called west. You can also say just longitude, then the offset to the west or east will be determined by the sign of the angle. If the angle is negative, then the offset is to the west, and if positive - to the east. What is an angle? The angle is the angle between point A with X coordinates at the Greenwich level and Y coordinates at the equator level, point O located in the center of the planet and point B with X coordinates of the desired point and Y coordinates at the equator level.

Latitude is about the same, only it is plotted vertically, that is, perpendicular to longitude. What is above the equator is the north latitude, and what is below is the south. Or just the latitude, then the decrease in the angle goes down (negative angles), and the increase goes up.

Here is the diagram:



Latitude and longitude are purely geographical indicators that are familiar to all schoolchildren. Use latitude and longitude to compile the coordinates of the location of an object.

And now in more detail separately on each concept:

1) Here is what is meant by latitude:

2) This is what is meant by longitude.