Tasks a 20 in Russian. What you need to know when completing this task

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1 Lexical norms, Task 20 USE 2018 in Russian Training exercises. Indicate which word is superfluous: Chicks fall down to the ground. Beginning at 19 pm. In December, six unauthorized absenteeism was noted. He worked for five years without receiving a penny of money. In my personal opinion, the exhibition did not arouse increased interest. Don't turn your nose up! We will find out in the coming days. Relationships between spouses have improved. The reader's mistakes hurt the ear unpleasantly. In the literary heritage of the writer, a large and prominent place is occupied by the exposure of false aesthetic attitudes. The freedom-loving theme is the main leitmotif of all Nekrasov's work. In fact, Khlestakov is a person who is very divorced from life's reality. The new alloy is an excellent welding material for electric welding of steel products. All students completed the task in a timely manner. There are notable differences between the various traditions of general language didactics. Atmospheric air pollution is a burning and urgent problem of our century. The conversation that we had has come to its final end. The external appearance of the heroine is quite attractive. Mark the sentence without a speech error (where there is no tautology): The hero purposefully strives for the intended goal. Yuri Gagarin, who is the first cosmonaut, is also an example for today's youth. The roaring guns were deafening with their roar. The clean room of the new school made a pleasant impression with its cleanliness Learning was easy for Gagarin: he invariably received fives Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): at any time return back import from abroad unite together no pleonasm):

2 The dark darkness of the well did not frighten the boy, and he boldly rushed to the aid of a drowning girl. Nikolai has always been the leading leader of our friendly team. My colleagues in the profession love to debate, and it is often difficult to convince them of anything. Communication satellites and weather services are constantly operating in near-Earth orbits. Mark the sentences where there is pleonasm. Each character in the novel has its own individual traits. The consequences of your oversight will follow immediately. A thorough check of the equipment is necessary. From the lecture on the art of communication, we learned a lot of new and useful knowledge Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): waved his hands the price list fell down at any moment of time Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): more important time rushes in the month of September relationships between people Note the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): first premiere rise up eventually stronger Mark sentences where there is pleonasm. The last remnants of free trade are spontaneous bazaars. We had to study at the technical school during the day, and at the flying club in the evening. When I returned back to my friends, our joy knew no bounds. The interior of the rest room was conducive to a pleasant pastime: here one could relax after a day's work. Find cases of tautology and pleonasm. Correct the suggestions. 1) In Tolstoy, each character has his own face. 2) In addition to the main classes, in the afternoon we have optional classes in the second specialty. 3) It is a monumental monument. 4) Do you have vacancies? 5) The hero of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" purposefully strives for his goal. 6) It was his first debut.

3 Find cases of tautology and correct the phrases: 1. According to information from informed sources, the signing of the "Agreement on National Accord" is scheduled. 2. Expanding the proposed topic, we will try to reveal the concept of employment in the new socio-economic conditions of Russia. 3. In contrast to the formation of entrepreneurship in the nineteenth century, which was distinguished by its originality and nationality, entrepreneurship of the twentieth century presents a more variegated picture. 4. Commodity exchanges were formed in the form of joint-stock companies. 5. The enterprise does not yet have a special marketing department, and all functions are still performed by a marketing engineer. 6. Traditional economic theories have traditionally (most often and usually) taken into account only lower needs. Eliminate verbal redundancy and tautology: 1. By the end of the competition, the Strela team was in a better position. 2. Our athletes were not able to compete with the Chinese women and only competed for places, starting from the third. 3. The possibilities and ways of our advancement have become clearer to us. 4. Judging by the finds they found, there is already strong evidence in favor of this hypothesis. 5. Participants of the creative expedition spoke about the prospects for the future. 6. After the first debut in a famous film, the young actress began to receive offers to act in films abroad. 7. The worker was fired for absenteeism without good reason. 8. At a scientific seminar, the author outlined the main essence of this book.

4 Training tasks 20 USE 2018 in Russian FIRST PART 1. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, the Employer must offer a free vacancy to all employees at the same time. 2. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Upstairs there was a souvenir shop, an excellent information desk and restrooms. 3. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, You feel like a queen, people part on the street, work colleagues nod respectfully, Arkady Borisych politely extends his hand wrapped in a sterile piece of paper. 4. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. From the very beginning of the work, the author conducts a mutual dialogue with the reader, shows his attitude towards the main characters, their feelings, thoughts.

5 5. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Do not smoke yourself, so you save your health; do not be surrounded by people who smoke, as "passive smoking" weakens the protective immunity. 6. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. According to the printed press, for 9 months of 2006, 2 million 276 thousand people used long-distance trains, 945 thousand people used commuter trains. 7. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. The basin of the Chusovaya River served as a bloody arena for several centuries, in which the most fierce struggle of local natives with unknown aliens was in full swing. 8. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. Conscientiously entering his observations in a notebook, Mr. Pickwick was mistaken for a secret spy, and the coachman decided to beat him and his friends who had joined him.

6 9. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. She had soft features, and when we made any decision, her eyes and smile flashed, as if she had been given a free gift. 10. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. Currently, the Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the life of many countries. Half of the world's fish catch comes from this water area. 11. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, He was afraid that Ostap would open the chair himself and, taking valuable treasures, leave, leaving him to the mercy of fate. 12. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. A young girl entered the stage, dressed in a beautiful, silvery white dress. She walked with a light step, turned, smiled into the hall and walked again.

7 13. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. The telephone disturbed him every minute and rang with the tenacity of a tram car making its way through the commodity market. 14. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Testament" was written in 1840 and in form represents the hero's confession before his death. 15. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Two boys and three girls went to replace the city commemorative memorial, where all the military units and ships that defended the city in the last war were listed on red granite slabs. 16. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, I know one thing for sure: I will never sit down to write my autobiography, even if I live to be a hundred years old. You have to be too in love with yourself to write about yourself without shame.

8 17. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. On the train, the prince first meets Parfyon Rogozhin, the son of a wealthy merchant who inherited a huge fortune after his death. 18. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, More than a hundred countries of the world import oil from abroad, which has tripled in price since 1998. 19. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Nagulnov found himself at the barn in two jumps, knocked down the guy standing on the threshold with a blow of a clenched fist, slammed the door sharply and leaned back against it firmly. 20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. During the first quarter, it is necessary to create a price list for household services.

9 21. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. A conversation was read with the drivers of the convoy about the inadmissibility of smoking and talking on the phone while working on the line. 22. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Sateen's romantic dream of a proud, free, strong Man is contraindicated by the reality of his life. 23. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. It seemed to me that in this journey the lion's share of all the work falls on me. This position did not suit me. 24. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. To increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, you need to adjust the diet.

10 25. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Due to severe frosts in a number of cities and regions of the country, the water supply network froze and transformers were damaged. 26. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Famusov lives by the slogan: "Signed, so off your shoulders." 27. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. This event, which took place in early spring, played a great role in the later life of the hero. 28. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. All those present agreed to learn this story, or, as the postmaster put it, a poem that was in some way interesting for the writer.

11 29. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. She was apparently not averse to moving even further, but the design of the device did not allow her to foretell good weather more insistently. 30. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Many psychologists hold the attitude that all good and all bad personality traits are laid down in childhood. ANSWERS 1. free 2. memorable 3 at work 4. mutual 5. protective 6. printed 7. local 8. secret 9. free 10. water 11. valuable 12. young

12 13. commodity 14. own 15. memorable 16. mine 17. for the first time 18. from abroad 19. compressed 20. prices 21. held 22. opposed 23. share 24. increase 25. due to 26. principle 27. has 28. desire 29. predict 30. opinion

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14 Theory An extra word (pleonasm, that is, speech redundancy) is a combination of two words, erroneous from the point of view of the norms of lexical compatibility, in which one of them is superfluous, since both of them either do not differ at all in meaning (the so-called absolute synonyms), or differ insignificantly, or, finally, these words belong to different parts of speech and are adjacent in semantics (cf .: Bazarov is somewhat harsh. The word somewhat determines the degree of the feature, which is expressed in the adjective itself by the suffix ovate-) Pleonasms are different in structure 1) a combination of two unambiguous ( synonymous) nouns, perceived as a designation of different, albeit homogeneous concepts: Scolding and swearing were heard. 2) a combination of an adjective and a noun, in which the meaning of the adjective to a certain extent duplicates the meaning contained in the noun: Dark darkness has come. 3) a combination of two single-valued (synonymous) verbs: We remember and do not forget the heroes of the war. 4) a combination of two single-valued (synonymous) adjectives: Raskolnikov lived in a small little closet. 5) combination of verb and adverb: The enemies were getting closer and closer. Tautology (a kind of pleonasm) re-designation in other words of an already named concept (multiply many times, ask a question, an unusual phenomenon, etc.) in task 5) Failure to distinguish synonymous words Use of words of a different stylistic coloring Inappropriate use of emotionally colored words and phraseological units Unjustified use of colloquial, slang words Violation of lexical compatibility Use of superfluous words, including pleonasm Use of cognate words near or in a close context (tautology) Unjustified repetition words Poverty and monotony of syntactic constructions Unsuccessful use of the pronoun Classification of speech errors Examples We were shocked by the excellent acting of the actors. The thought develops on the continuation of the entire text. My attitude to this problem has not changed. Effective measures have been taken. In the final sentence, the author uses gradation. The author, addressing this problem, is trying to send people into a slightly different rut. Astafiev now and then resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications. Such people always manage to fool others. The author enhances the impression. The author uses artistic features (instead of means). The author conveys the beauty of the landscape to us with the help of artistic techniques. A young man, very beautiful This story tells about real events. The hero of the story does not think about his act. The hero does not even understand the full depth of his deed. When the writer came to the editorial office, he was accepted by the editor-in-chief. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel. This text was written by V. Belov. It raises an important issue. Note: The wording of task 20 is possible in two versions: the elimination of a word or its replacement. 2

15 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word. Option 1 1. Today, the price list can be seen in any cafe. 2. His humanity and humanity are known to all. 3. I urgently needed to write my autobiography. 4. This crime shocked the whole city. 5. In our city, a memorial monument dedicated to the soldiers-internationalists was opened in a solemn atmosphere. Option 2 1. Tanya is a faithful wife to her husband. 2. Since 1839, the poet was exiled 2 times in exile. 3. In the Urals, ore is mined in mines. 4. He must understand that life is not over, that he must fight until the end of his life. 5. Until the end of his life, he remembered her. Option 3 1. This book describes the actual facts. 2. On the eve of the upcoming battle, the soldiers checked their ammunition and cleaned their weapons. 3. During the period of student practice, we collected works of various genres of folklore. 4. At the celebration, veterans were presented with memorable souvenirs and valuable gifts. 5. Enterprise leaders continue to rely on the ministry's guidance. Option 4 1. A memorial monument was erected on Poklonnaya Hill. 2. Indians are the indigenous aborigines of America. 3. The workers were paid wages for the month of May. 4. Compare the cost of goods and services against the price list. 5. There was a free vacancy. Option 5 1. Please write your CV. 2. Long and prolonged applause did not stop in the concert hall. 3. Courageous and brave people defeated the Nazis. 4. The dead corpse lay motionless and showed no signs of life. 5. Do not touch bare wires with unprotected palms. Option 6 1. This was the first debut of a novice actor. 2. At the workplace, every minute of time must be cherished. 3. The chairman of the house committee made an announcement about the upcoming meeting of residents. 4. In Tolstoy, each character has his own individual traits. 5. The look of the educator inspired fear and fear in the children. Option 7 1. At the end of his speech, the speaker summarized his proposals briefly. 2. The former ex-minister decided to return to Moscow. 3. Local natives joyfully greeted the travelers. 4. With the palm of his hand, he slowly stroked the child's head. 5. This girl made a very good impression on everyone. Option 8 1. Illegal gangs terrorized the entire city. 2. In response to our request, we received the following response. 3

16 3. Our activity is aimed at the development of communication and communication. 4. This plan requires adjustments and amendments. 5. In May, the turnover of funds amounted to rubles. Option 9 1. The speaker devoted most of his speech to the analysis of the political situation. 2. The main essence of the reasoning lies in the thesis of the text. 3. A tiny dwarf appeared before us as if from under the ground. 4. My mother cooks delicious belyashi with meat. 5. The first-grader quickly went down the school stairs, hurrying to the lesson. The option The soft light of the evening sunset struck our imagination. 2. There is no other alternative and cannot be. 3. He walked towards the house. 4. Discrediting slander always hurts the heart. 5. My mother cooks delicious apple charlotte. Option People invest huge sums of money in time-related projects. 2. I liked the picture because it depicts the life of the people. 3. Troyekurov was wasteful, he loved rich luxury. 4. Kirila Petrovich sent ambassadors for Dubrovsky. 5. At the station, Dubrovsky met an unknown stranger. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Option Everyone understands the concept of "happiness" in their own way. 2. At the end of the 17th century, the supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young reformer of Russia, Peter the Great. 3. Irina has brown hair and green eyes. 4. Famusov acts according to the slogan: "Signed, so off your shoulders." 5. Alyosha meekly endured all the hardships of life. The Onegin variant leads a festive lifestyle. 2. Bazarov's sideburns were sandy in color. 3. About the exploits of sappers, tankers, pilots, such stories are told as Surkov's "Little stories about great feats". 4. Pechorin is the main character of the "Hero of Our Time". 5. At night, the guys saw a watchman who guarded the estate. Option After the lessons we went to the sports area. 2. Pechorin has a sharp mind, which helps him judge people correctly. 3. Pierre poked from corner to corner in search of the meaning of life. 4. Tikhon Shcherbaty is in front of us as a man of heroic strength. 5. The poem "Strictly forbidden" Mayakovsky wrote in the newspaper "Krasnaya Niva". Variant The writer wrote this novel at a time when progressive youth were fascinated by the natural sciences. 2. The merchant Lopakhin bought an estate, the most beautiful in the world. 3. During the repair, the craftsmen carefully annulled all the unevenness of the walls. 4

17 4. This incredible incident, which left a mark on my memory, happened to me in my youth. 5. This axiom is still worth proving to future mathematicians. Variant Rumors began in the Duma that a change of government was coming. 2. The story of the photocopier box during the presidential election has become, in fact, a fable by the town. 3. Finally, the toastmaster got up and raised a toast to the hero of the day. 4. The cup of his patience finally burst. 5. Now domestic producers are trying to reduce the cost of goods. Option It was a brave thought. 2. I knew that my friend was a very weak person. 3. The lion's share of the work has been done. 4. At this party, he began to flirt with her. 5. He told me about it with apogee. Option Away from the Motherland with depth you feel your responsibility for what happens at home. 2. It was cold all the fourth decade of April. 3. We have successfully realized this problem. 4. The lawyer sought to whitewash his client. 5. This year there is a big harvest of kavoons. Option School years were not in vain. 2. Parents should show a model of behavior to their children in everything. 3. The lecturer talked about the egregious achievements of the century. 4. Let's take a brief look at history. 5. The repair period can be extended. Option The effectiveness of the savings regime largely depends on how limited financial costs are. 2. No one has the right to forbid a journalist to talk with eyewitnesses of the incident, witnesses, and then state his credo. 3. He drew well, wrote poetry, stories, was a regular in amateur art activities. 4. In our library there is a very scarce book, the first edition of Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. 5. They work like the most notorious specialists. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by excluding the extra word. Write out this word. The Pechorin variant came from a noble aristocratic family. 2. Sholokhov wrote "Virgin Soil Upturned" in the hot pursuit of the events, when the memories of the events were still fresh. 3. No, neither the storm nor the prophecy of a crazy and insane old woman caused Katerina's confession. 4. As a young man he came to St. Petersburg. 5. Colleagues at work came to visit the sick Nikolai Petrovich. Option My attitude to the present reality is sharply negative. 2. We must overcome all the old remnants and move forward. 5

18 3. What attracts me the most in the novel is Natasha Rostova, who has a special artistic charm. 4. I especially like in Oleg his tender attitude towards his mother. 5. Only with one name of Pushkin there is such a feeling of something close, dear. Variant Eugene Onegin did not find happiness in his life. 2. Boris, a character in the drama Thunderstorm, has nothing and is completely dependent on his uncle. 3. Mayakovsky's poem is passionately connected with reality. 4. The physically wounded Falcon wanted to take to the skies once more. 5. He again experiences a new disappointment. Option After the summit meeting, the parties signed an agreement on mutual cooperation. 2. At the end of the year, my benefit performance will take place, and for the first time I will go on stage to my beloved audience. 3. The first buyers were visible behind the stained-glass windows of the store. 4. Residents of our city witnessed a theatrical performance. 5. The first premiere took place. Option No one cares about the life of their neighbor. 2. A young girl sacrificed everything to help her family. 3. If your love is deep and sincere, you are ready to devote your whole life to it. 4. An arsenal of weapons was destroyed in Syria. 5. Patrol ships bypassed the water area of water bodies, checking for mines. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Option The mistake of youth cannot be returned. 2. Due to a strong hurricane, the roof was torn off the house. 3. The school held a regional chess tournament. Our class has been defeated. 4. Due to the upcoming military parade, traffic along the main street will be closed. 5. Inveterate patriots, as they called themselves, gathered at the rally. Option This story tells about two lovers who received a "sunstroke". 2. An announcement hangs at the station: “The cash desk for travel allowances is on the second floor. 3. You can start the meeting: the forum is already there. 4. For free games, we bring many different attributes to the site: reins, sleds, slippers. 5. The number of readers of our library is constantly progressing. Option At the Russian language lesson, we wrote an essay based on a picture. Alyonushka caught my attention: her cheeks flushed, her eyes looked into the distance. 2. The open lesson went off with a bang, the colleagues who attended it were shocked by the highest skill of the teacher. 3. The Battle of Borodino revealed the best that Prince Andrei had in his soul. 4. Colleagues congratulated me on my anniversary. 5. Curling up in a ball and sitting comfortably on a chair, our beloved kitten is sleeping. 6

19 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word. Option For a long period of time, we issued a passport. 2. The deep abyss frightened us. 3. The ball thrown by a child jumped up sharply. 4. When the dressmaker sewed the dress, she put two pieces together. 5. When we were in the mountains, the instructor, supporting me, often extended his hand to me so that I could feel confident. Option A huge avalanche of snow rushed at us from the mountains. 2. A satirical cartoon of losers and truants appeared in the school magazine. 3. Suddenly, at a celebration dedicated to May 9, loud music burst out. 4. Students of the Faculty of Philology went to collect folklore. 5. A memorial monument to the heroes who defended the village from the Nazis was erected in Victory Park. 6. Bunin talks about a military lieutenant. 7

20 Pleonasms are phrases containing a component that is unnecessary in a semantic sense. Tautology is an identity, that is, the repetition of what was said in other words or the repetition of words with the same root. Author's note: The extra word in the dictionary is left unmarked. A Automatic reflex Aqua area of water objects Antagonistic struggle Habitat Fragrant perfume Arsenal of weapons Atmospheric air B Uselessly disappears Free gift Bestseller of sales Biography of life Big and prominent place Big human thanks Former ex-champion Bouquet of flowers C Relationships between spouses Mutual dialogue Water area Resume again Leading leader Go back Fly up Seen with my own eyes Visual image National referendum Go back Memories of the past In the end Interior interior First debuted First acquaintance Ahead is in the lead leitmotif Main leitmotif Flock of sheep Retaliatory counterattack Retaliation Retreat back Very tiny R Memorable souvenir Patriot of the motherland First premiere Relic of the past Time period Feathered Fri Permanence Permanent Perspective for the Future Printed Press Paperwork Repeat Again Underwater Diving Climb Up Everyday Ordinary Elderly Old Man Full Right Complete Carte Blanche Completely Destroyed Towards (Place) Plans for the Future Helped and Contributed (One Extra Word) In My Personal Opinion Popular hit Visit/visit Progressive advancement Pre-planning Pre-prepayment Pre-announcement Anticipate In advance Warn in advance Price list, tariffs Dreamed in a dream Production of works Idle idle Downpour Industrial industry Past experience 8

21 Top priority Heinous lie Blue blue Hospitalization E Hair removal Demobilize from the army Actions and deeds (one extra word) Active act Motive leitmotif Long and long (one extra) Extra bonus Extra overtime Other alternative F Unanimous consensus F Hand gestures Living a boring life W Given data Deliberate slander Visiting guest worker Abuse of drunkenness/alcoholism/drug addiction Boring and boring (one word is too much) Gripping thriller And hackneyed banality Replete with a large number Has a place to be Imported from abroad Break interval Interactive interaction Informational message Exclusively exclusive True background True truth True reality IT - technologies K Punitive repression Nodding head Colleague at work / profession Communicative communication Consensus of opinions A short moment Corrections and amendments (one word is superfluous) Extremely extremist K brief summary 24-hour non-stop L Palms of hands Iceberg Line of power lines Personally I Face in full face M Route of movement Complete full house Complete fiasco Assassination attempt Popular hit Terrific shock Mail correspondence Ariadne's guiding thread Five rubles (any other option) of money R Equal half The narrator told ( another verb) Reality Revolutionary upheaval Registration accounting Reorganization of the organization Fish soup C Unauthorized truancy The nearest future The most profitable Summit summit The best Satirical caricature Vacancies Secret spy Sensor sensor Service department Service services Clenched fist CD - disk SI system GPS system High-speed express train Screenshot from the monitor screen Mix together SMS message Joint meeting Joint agreement Joint cooperation Put together Go down the strange paradox Passion for graphomania Strict taboo Superstitious belief Significant difference Invoice T So , for example (one extra word) Secret anonymous Nevertheless, however (one extra word) Black black woman Tests Dark darkness Crowd of people Only (one of the extra words) Trampling Traumatic injury 9

22 International internationalism Memorial monument Meal menu Local aboriginal Dead corpse Young girl Young youth Monumental monument Morally ethical (one extra) Blinked his eyes Silent pause My autobiography or my autobiography Miscellaneous little things Minus three degrees of frost below zero A minute of time Facial expression Courageous and brave (one word superfluous) N At a high professional level Visually demonstrate The most optimal For today = for today Legacy of the past Folklore Surprisingly strange Initial basics Resent with indignation Illegal bandit formations Unused reserves Unfounded fictions Unusual phenomenon Slightly open Unconfirmed rumors Unpleasant to cut the ear Nervous tic Unstable imbalance Nostalgia for you Nostalgia for your homeland About the United Union Unite together A huge colossus A fragment of a broken (thing) Online webinars on the Internet Experienced experimental (one extra) Experienced expert Thirty people age of builders (and other options) Employment Inauguration ceremony Y See with your own eyes See with your own eyes Already existing Multiplied many times Hear with your own ears Fell down Established fact Steady stabilization Morning dawn F Final end Forcing at an accelerated pace X Brave hero Timing of time C Entirely and completely (one extra) Valuable treasures Time trouble H Human society Human thanks Ambitious ambitions Extremely huge Sh show display (one extra word) E Exhibition exhibits Emotional feelings Energetic activity Epicenter of events Y Young youth Young girl I am January (and any other) month Note: In the role of pleonasm, the pronoun svoi can act. Before his death, he wrote a will. ten

23 Answers Option number Option 1 prices humanity//my humanity criminal memorial Option 2 husband (c) exile) (c) mines of his life Option 3 valid upcoming folk commemorative guidelines Option 4 commemorative root month prices free Option 5 his long / long courageous / bold dead hands Option 6 first time forthcoming their fear Option 7 briefly former local hands very Option 8 illegal in response to communication adjustments/amendments month Option 9 large home tiny meat down Option 10 evening another in the direction of discrediting the apple Option 11 finance life rich ambassadors of the unknown Option 12 the word suffered chestnut (according to) the principle of hardship Option 13 idle sand narrate, the works of a human character Option 14 the platform allows rushing about appears published Option 15 created acquired liquidated the theorem occurred Option 16 spread / conversations parables proclaimed / said overflowed reduce b / reduce Option 17 bold very / very share / large courting (with) delight / rapture / passion Option 18 deeply last decided justified watermelons Option 19 passed an example of the greatest digression extended Option 20 means opinion participant rare experienced Option 21 noble (about) crazy events /crazy young at work Option 22 real old artistic its such Option 23 its quite hot physically again Option 24 mutual for the first time glass viewers first Option 25 its young its weapons of water objects Option 26 (not) correct due to suffered due to true Option 27 The work // narrates the travel items quorum is growing Option 28 cheeks are amazed opened by the oncoming curled up Option 29 time deep up together hands Option 30 huge satirical loudly folk memorial 6. military

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A correctly completed task No. 20 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language brings the graduate one primary score. It presents sentences with a lexical error; you need to exclude the wrong word, or edit the sentence. To avoid mistakes, repeat the theory below.

Theory for assignment No. 20 USE in the Russian language

Lexical norms (or norms of word usage)- these are the norms that determine the correct choice of a word from a number of units that are close to it in meaning or form, as well as its use in the meanings that it has in the literary language.

Type of lexical error	Explanation	Example
Violation of lexical compatibility of words	Words in speech and in the text must be combined in meaning and meaning. If this rule is violated, a lexical incompatibility occurs.	Lean back, win
Inaccurate use of phraseological units	Phraseologism is a lexically indivisible, stable phrase (hang your nose, sit in a galosh).	“And not worth an egg” instead of “And not worth a damned egg”; "lion's share" instead of "lion's share"; "important" instead of "important" or "important"
Indistinguishability of shades of the meaning of paronyms	Paronyms are words that are similar in sound, but do not match in meaning (long and long, mountainous and mountainous, watery and watery, spectacular and effective).	The long day has tired me.
Indistinguishability of shades of the meaning of paronyms		The long day has tired me.
The use of superfluous words, including pleonasms	Pleonasms are phrases in which one of the two words is superfluous, because its meaning is the same as the meaning of the adjacent word.	main essence, free vacancy, my autobiography, strict taboo
The use of cognate words in a close context (tautology)	repetition of the same root or the same words	organize an organization, ask a question, propose a proposal
Errors in the use of synonyms	Synonyms are words of the same part of speech that are similar in meaning. Synonyms cannot always replace each other in speech, especially stylistically different words (friend - comrade - buddy, youth - youth, smart - smart, work hard, etc.)	She went to the doctor because her eyes (instead of her eyes) hurt. The lawyer sought to have his client whitewashed (instead of acquitted).
Incorrect use of antonyms and homonyms	Antonyms are words that are one part of speech opposite in their lexical meaning (cold - hot, friend - enemy).	Due to the weakness of his position, it was difficult for him to defend himself (inappropriate use of the antonyms "strength" and "weakness").
	Homonyms are words that have the same form (in pronunciation, in writing), but different in meaning (torment, flour).
		At the Russian Language Olympiad, I lost my glasses due to inattention (glasses - points or glasses - an optical device that protects the eyes).
Inappropriate use of obsolete vocabulary, neologisms, professionalisms, jargon, dialectisms, borrowed words, ambiguous words.	Historicisms are words denoting objects, phenomena that have disappeared from modern life, concepts that have become irrelevant (chain mail, cocked hat, corvee, etc.).	Timely and high-quality weeding of beetroots contributes to a good harvest. (beets)
	Archaisms - words that are obsolete for linguistic reasons, fell out of use, as they were replaced by synonyms (cheeks - cheeks, eyes - eyes, actor - actor). Neologisms are new words that have not yet taken a place in the active vocabulary. Neologisms appear in the language along with the designated realities (harvester, astronaut, satellite).	He was presented as a kind of polyglot: he is a physicist, a mathematician, and a poet.
	Dialectism is a lexical unit, the use of which is limited to a certain territory.	He had low health (meaning bad health).
	Borrowed words are words that come into the language from other languages.	Our athlete lagged behind her rival in development. (chess term - development of the party)
	Multiple meanings are words that have multiple meanings.

Task execution algorithm

Read the assignment carefully.
We carefully read the sentence: we are looking for paronyms, pleonasms, phraseological units, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, obsolete words, neologisms, polysemantic words.
We are looking for an error in the use of a lexical unit.
Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 20 USE in the Russian language

Twentieth task of demo 2018

There was not a single flashy color in this landscape, not a single sharp feature in the relief, but its stingy lakes filled with dark and calm water seemed to express the main essence of water more than all the seas and oceans.

Task execution algorithm:

There are no paronyms, synonyms, antonyms and other lexical units in the sentence. If in the task, it is proposed to exclude an extra word, then you need to look for pleonasms.
They expressed the main essence of water - this essence is the most important thing in any concept, therefore the word home- superfluous.
Answer: home.

The first version of the assignment

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

The companies involved in the oil spill incident in the Gulf of Mexico made a number of decisions to prevent similar cases in the future.

Task execution algorithm:

involved in the incident– those taking part in the incident – everything is correct; prevention of such cases- taking some measures so that this does not happen again - that's right.
Made a number of decisions- Decisions cannot be made or committed; word done used incorrectly, you need to use the word instead accepted.

Answer: accepted.

The second version of the task

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

At the end of the 17th century, the supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young reformer of Russia, Peter the Great.

Task execution algorithm:

It is necessary to correct the lexical error, replace the wrong word and write down the chosen one.
We are looking for stable expressions and combinations of words, perhaps speech clichés in which a mistake can be made. Particular attention is paid to the combination of words were defeated.
Defeated- one can only suffer defeat, but they win.

Answer: suffered.

The third version of the task

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by excluding the extra word. Write out this word.

The employer assessed my professional skills and abilities, but at that time there were no vacancies.

Task execution algorithm:

It is necessary to correct a lexical error, write out an extra word.
We are looking for stable expressions and combinations of words, perhaps speech clichés in which a mistake can be made: assessed professional skills- the correct use of words; no vacancies found- error in use - pleonasm.
Vacancies- word free redundant because the word vacancies in itself means a free workplace.

Answer: free .

Theory for Assignment #20 USE 2019 in Russian

"Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection."

Execution algorithm:
1) First, we highlight the grammatical foundations, find the boundaries of sentences so as not to miss any.
2) Next, we find the main sentence in the composition: one should be without a union. It can be either simple or SSP.
3) We are looking for subordinate clauses from the main one, if there are several of them, we look at how they are interconnected (see Task 18, namely, homogeneous, heterogeneous, consistent subordination). Arrange commas in accordance with the rules.
4) If other subordinate clauses depend on the clauses, we place commas there as well.
5) Joint of unions (two unions side by side). We are looking for a junction of unions and check according to the rule given below:
At the junction of two unions (coordinating and subordinating or two subordinating) you need to pay special attention!
and when / and when
and what / and what
and where / and where
what if / what if etc.
We check as follows: we take the subordinate clause at the junction and rearrange it to another place or to the end of the sentence. If you can rearrange - put a comma at the junction. You can not rearrange - do not set.

Comma needed
At the junction of subordinating conjunctions or coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between them if the subordinate clause can be removed and the construction of the entire sentence does not require restructuring.

We walked along the promenade and when it started to rain, we opened our umbrellas.
We walked along the promenade, so when it started to rain, we went to a cafe.

No comma needed
At the junction of subordinating conjunctions or coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, a comma is not placed between them if the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of the double union.

He left, and where he is now, I do not know.
It started to rain. He knew that if he went outside, he would get wet to the skin.

1. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

The employer must offer a vacancy to all employees at the same time.

2. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

Upstairs there was a memorabilia shop, an excellent information desk, and restrooms.

3. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

You feel like a queen, people make way on the street, colleagues at work nod respectfully, Arkady Borisych politely extends his hand wrapped in a sterile piece of paper.

4. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

From the very beginning of the work, the author conducts a mutual dialogue with the reader, shows his attitude towards the main characters, their experiences, thoughts.

5. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

Do not smoke yourself, so you save your health; do not be surrounded by people who smoke, as "passive smoking" weakens the protective immunity.

6. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

According to the printed press, in the first 9 months of 2006, 2,276,000 people used long-distance trains, and 945,000 people used commuter trains.

7. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word .

The basin of the Chusovaya River served as a bloody arena for several centuries, where the fiercest struggle between local natives and unknown aliens was in full swing.

8. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

Conscientiously entering his observations in a notebook, Mr. Pickwick was mistaken for a secret spy, and the coachman decided to beat him and his friends who had joined him.

9. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

She had soft features, and when we made a decision, her eyes and smile flashed, as if she had been given a free gift.

10. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

Currently, the Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the life of many countries. Half of the world's fish catch comes from this water area.

11. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

He was afraid that Ostap would open the chair himself and, taking valuable treasures, would leave, leaving him to the mercy of fate.

12. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word. A young girl appeared on the stage, dressed in a beautiful, silvery white dress. She walked with a light step, turned, smiled into the hall and walked again.

13. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

The telephone disturbed him every minute and rang with the stubbornness of a tram car making its way through the commodity market.

14. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Testament" was written in 1840 and in form represents the hero's confession before his death.

15. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

Two boys and three girls were on their way to the city commemorative memorial, where all the military units and ships that defended the city in the last war were listed on red granite slabs.

16. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

I know one thing for sure: I will never sit down to write my autobiography again, even if I live to be a hundred years old. You have to be too in love with yourself to write about yourself without shame.

17. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

On the train, the prince first meets Parfyon Rogozhin, the son of a wealthy merchant, who inherited a huge fortune after his death.

18. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

More than a hundred countries of the world import oil from abroad, which has tripled in price since 1998.

19. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

In two leaps Nagulnov found himself at the barn, with a blow of a clenched fist he knocked down the guy standing on the doorstep, slammed the door sharply and leaned his back against it firmly.

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

During the first quarter, it is necessary to create a price list for household services.

21. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

A conversation was read with the drivers of the convoy about the inadmissibility of smoking and talking on the phone while working on the line.

22. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Sateen's romantic dream of a proud, free, strong Man is contraindicated by the reality of his life.

23. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

It seemed to me that in this journey the lion's share of all the work falls on me. This position did not suit me.

24. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

To increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, you need to adjust the diet.

25. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Due to severe frosts in a number of cities and regions of the country, the water supply network froze and transformers were damaged.

26. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Famusov lives by the slogan: "Signed, so off your shoulders."

27. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

This event, which took place in early spring, played a great role in the later life of the hero.

28. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

All those present agreed to learn this story, or, as the postmaster put it, a poem that was in some way interesting for the writer.

29. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

She was apparently not averse to moving even further, but the design of the device did not allow her to foretell good weather more insistently.

30. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Many psychologists hold the attitude that all good and all bad personality traits are laid down in childhood.

ANSWERS

1.free 16.mine

2.commemorative 17.first time

3 for work 18.from abroad

4.mutual 19.compressed

5. protective 20.price

6. printed 21.carried out

7.local 22.opposed

8. secret 23.share

9. free 24. boost

10. water 25. due to

11.valuable 26.principle

12. young 27. has

13. marketable 28. desire

14. his 29. predict

15.memorable 30.opinions

USE-2018 TEST for task No. 20