In the Urals, the construction of a museum of the most famous pioneer of all times and peoples, Pavlik Morozov, begins. Funds for the creation of the museum and the collection of materials were allocated by the Soros Foundation - the first batch of the "Morozov" grant, the total amount of which is $7,000, has already arrived in the village of Gerasimovka, Tavdinsky district. The creation of the museum will take about a year. Tavda schoolchildren, who are interested in history, and students of the history department of the Ural State University have already started collecting material. They will find out the whole truth about Pavlik Morozov with the assistance of the Yekaterinburg branch of the Memorial society. It is possible that thanks to the young frost experts, Russia, and the whole world, will learn a lot about the hero of the Soviet era, whose merits have recently been called into question - a year ago, the secrecy period in the case of the death of the legendary pioneer expired.
Pavlik Morozov died 71 years ago. During his short life, he became famous for several "exploits" (previously it was customary to write this word without quotes) - the young Pavel convicted his father Trofim Morozov, chairman of the village council, of selling blank forms with seals to the dispossessed. With the light hand of his son, Trofim was sent to Siberia for 10 years. Then a young associate of the Soviet government reported about bread hidden from a neighbor, accused his aunt’s husband of stealing state grain and stated that part of this grain was with his grandfather, 80-year-old Sergey Sergeevich Morozov, who at one time hid his property from confiscations and some stranger.
For his frankness, Pavlik paid with his life - he and his brother were killed while walking through the forest. The entire Morozov family was accused of reprisals against children - an uncle, an elderly grandfather, grandmother, cousin, and at the same time the father, who was arriving at that time in Siberia. All these people were soon shot, leaving only the mother of the dead boys alive.
The woman who received an apartment in Crimea as compensation for the death of her hero son lived a very long life - Tatyana Morozova died in 1983. Almost until her death, she traveled around the country, telling the young inhabitants of the USSR about the life and death of Pavlik. Apparently, in recent years, she herself no longer remembered what really happened to her family in the distant 30s.
After the collapse of the Union, the figure of Pavlik began to be perceived in a completely different way - at first they began to talk about the boy simply as an informer who sold his family, and then the very fact of his existence was called into question. Indeed, was there Pavlik? The boy's homeland contains very contradictory data on the dates of his birth and death, 12 different versions of his accusatory speech are stored in the archives, and there is no unambiguous description of the appearance of the "pioneer-hero" at all. The fact that the boy, as they say, was, at one time was confirmed by his teacher Lyudmila Isakova. She also claimed that Pavel did not care much about politics, he was much more worried about troubles in the family - the cruelty of an alcoholic father who cheated on his mother, the bullying of a despot grandfather. Tired of this nightmare, Morozov betrayed his loved ones.
In 1997, the administration of the Tavdinsky District applied to the Prosecutor General's Office with a request to review the decision of the Ural Regional Court, which had sentenced Pavlik's relatives to death. The Prosecutor General's Office came to the conclusion that the Morozovs are not subject to rehabilitation on political grounds, since the case is purely criminal in nature. The Supreme Court agreed with this opinion.
Perhaps soon we will find out what really happened in Gerasimovka more than 70 years ago. In any case, the museum will be interesting because in their exposition the authors of the project will present "a whole era of collectivization, the role played by it in the fate of hundreds and thousands of people", an era whose iconic figure was Pavlik Morozov.
Pavel Timofeevich Morozov was born in 1918 in the village of Gerasimovka, Sverdlovsk Region. He organized the first in his native village and actively campaigned for the creation of a collective farm. The kulaks, which included Timofey Morozov, actively opposed the Soviet regime and plotted to disrupt the grain procurements. Pavlik accidentally found out about the impending sabotage. The young pioneer stopped at nothing and exposed the kulaks. The villagers, who learned that the son had handed over his own father to the authorities, brutally dealt with Pavlik and his younger brother. They were brutally killed in the forest.
Many books have been written about the feat of Pavlik Morozov, songs and poems were composed about him. The first song about Pavlik Morozov was written by the then unknown young writer Sergei Mikhalkov. This work made him overnight a very popular and sought-after author. In 1948, a street in Moscow was named after Pavlik Morozov and a monument was erected.
Pavlik Morozov was not the first
There are at least eight known cases of children being killed for denunciations. These events took place before the murder of Pavlik Morozov.
In the village of Sorochintsy, Pavel Teslya also denounced his father, for which he paid with his life five years earlier than Morozov.
Another seven similar cases occurred in various villages. Two years before the death of Pavlik Morozov, informer Grisha Hakobyan was stabbed to death in Azerbaijan.
Even before the death of Pavlik, the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper told of cases when fellow villagers brutally killed young informers. The texts of children's denunciations were published here, with all the details.
Followers of Pavlik Morozov
The brutal reprisals against young scammers continued. In 1932, three children were killed for denunciations, in 1934 - six, and in 1935 - nine.
The story of Proni Kolybin, who denounced his mother, accusing her of stealing socialist property, is noteworthy. A beggar woman collected fallen spikelets on a collective farm field in order to somehow feed her family, including Pronya himself. The woman was imprisoned, and the boy was sent to rest in Artek.
Mitya Gordienko also noticed a couple on the collective farm field, who were collecting fallen spikelets. As a result, on the denunciation of the young pioneer, the man was shot, and the woman was sentenced to ten years in prison. Mitya Gordienko received a premium watch, "Lenin's grandchildren", new boots and a pioneer suit as a gift.
The Chukchi boy, whose name was Yatyrgin, learned that the reindeer herders were going to take their herds to Alaska. He informed the Bolsheviks about this, for which the enraged reindeer herders hit Yatyrgin on the head with an ax and threw him into a pit. Thinking the boy is already dead. However, he managed to survive and get to "his". When Yatyrgin was solemnly accepted as a pioneer, it was decided to give him a new name - Pavlik Morozov, with whom he lived to old age.
09/10/2003 The mystery of the life and death of Pavlik Morozov
Tyumen. September 3 marks the 71st anniversary of the death of Pavlik Morozov. He, along with his younger brother Fedya, was killed for denouncing his father to the Chekists. The village of Gerasimovka, where Pavlik was born and buried, is located 40 kilometers from the regional center of Tavda, Sverdlovsk Region.
In Soviet times, when the pioneer hero Pavlik Morozov was a model for the younger generation, an asphalt road was laid in the village and the House-Museum was built. Tourists from all over the country were taken by bus - 10-15 excursions a day. Now Gerasimovka is known only to old-timers and historians. The memorial complex is closed and is in a deplorable state.
Train of mystery
Streets in dozens of Russian cities still bear the name of Pavlik Morozov, although the main monument to the hero with a banner in his hand has long been removed from its pedestal in a park on Moscow's Krasnaya Presnya. After his death, he was forever inscribed in the history of the pioneers at number 001, and now his name has become a symbol of betrayal.
"There is still no clarity in this case. Even in the materials that are available, inconsistencies can be found, but no re-analysis has been carried out," says Anna Pastukhova, chairman of the Yekaterinburg branch of the Memorial human rights society. She believes that it is too early to close the case of Pavlik Morozov, "who has become a bargaining chip in adult games."
After several decades, it is already difficult to understand where is the myth about a 14-year-old boy who allegedly sacrificed his life in the fight against the "kulaks" who hid bread from the village poor, and where is the real life of a semi-literate teenager from a large village family.
Informer 001
The first attempt to make an independent investigation into the life of Pavlik was made back in the mid-80s by the Moscow prose writer Yuri Druzhnikov, who later wrote the book Informer 001, or the Ascension of Pavlik Morozov, translated into several foreign languages. During the investigation, Druzhnikov was able to talk with some of the boy's surviving relatives, including his mother Tatyana Morozova, whom Soviet propaganda turned into the heroic mother of a pioneer hero.
The death of Pavlik was blamed on his closest relatives - grandfather Sergei Morozov, his wife Xenia, cousin Danila and godfather - Armenia Kulukanov. Druzhnikov was the first to question the verdict. The trial itself was conducted in violation of the law, and "the main evidence of the guilt of the defendants were quotations from the reports of Stalin and Molotov that the class struggle intensified in certain areas, and the accused were an illustration of the correctness of their statements."
Druzhnikov, now a lecturer at the University of California, believes that Pavlik's denunciation of his father was made by him at the "instigation of his mother, whom his father left behind, having gone to another."
“He was never a pioneer either, he was made a pioneer after his death,” says Druzhnikov. “And most importantly, I revealed secret documents that Pavlik and his brother were killed not by fists, but by two NKVD officers: one is a voluntary and the second is a professional. They killed and blamed relatives who did not want to join the collective farm. By the way, the convicts were not kulaks either. They were forced to dig a hole for themselves, stripped naked and shot as an example. This is how Stalin's directive on total collectivization was carried out locally. And the pioneer hero was needed two years later, when the Writers' Union was created and the boy was named the first positive hero of socialist realism.
Poor Pavlik Morozov
On September 3, 1982, the country widely celebrated the 50th anniversary of the death of the pioneer hero Pavlik Morozov, who was brutally murdered by bandits-kulaks. And a few years later, the memory of the hero began to be debunked, who allegedly turned out to be a juvenile informer against his own father. Meanwhile, the famous Shlisselburg revolutionary N. Morozov told the truth about the tragedy that had unfolded in the Urals to the writer Alexei Tolstoy back in 1939... This mysterious story is told in an article by Fyodor Morozov, a local historian from Tsarskoe Selo, our longtime author.
About twenty years ago, I remember, Lenin's rooms in secondary, music and sports schools throughout the country were covered with portraits of Pavlik Morozov. And the stories about the young pioneer, who allegedly exposed the hostile activities of his father, a fist, who hid grain from starving workers, and for this he was brutally murdered by his own grandfather and brother, the fists, diluted the radio stations "Mayak" and "Youth" almost every Saturday.
During the reign of Andropov, the feat of Pavlik received a new interpretation. His father turned from a fist into a village headman, who enjoyed a reputation among his fellow villagers as a respected, decent person, but succumbed to intimidation by bandits hiding in the forests, to whom he issued false certificates. And in 1984, it suddenly turned out that Pavlik Morozov himself was not at all the one for whom he had been given out for fifty years ...
The family of Trofim Morozov - the head of the village of Gerasimovka, Tavdinsky district, Sverdlovsk region - was, it turns out, very pious and did not miss a single Sunday service and church holiday. Moreover, both sons of the headman, Pavel and Fedor, often helped the local priest, for which he taught them to read and write. On the day of death on September 3, 1932, when both brothers were returning home from the local priest, they were slaughtered not far from their native village.
In 1989, the Ogonyok magazine published a new version, according to which it turned out that Pavlik Morozov, in principle, could not be a pioneer, since the nearest pioneer organization at that time was 120 kilometers from Gerasimovka. The reason for his murder was as if purely domestic. Pavlik's mother allegedly died, and his relationship with his stepmother did not work out. A strange and terrible role in the events was played by the jealousy of Morozov's neighbor, who, on behalf of Pavlik, wrote a denunciation to the Tavdinsky department of the GPU, casting a shadow of suspicion on the unsuspecting boy. During interrogations, Pavlik allegedly answered insulting questions with silence, which was taken as his confession in writing the denunciation. Mad with shame and grief, grandmother Aksinya decided in her own way to deal with Pavlik and his brother. Watching them on a forest road late in the evening of September 3, 1932, she strangled them ...
In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, this story looks different. Pavlik Morozov handed over his father, who allegedly sold documents to the enemies of the people, to the secretary of the Tavdinsky district party committee back in 1930, and at the same time appeared in court as an accuser of his own ancestor. At the same time, Pavlik Morozov was allegedly elected chairman of the council of the pioneer detachment of Gerasimovka. And in 1932, Pavlik, being a 14-year-old teenager, allegedly led local food detachments to seize surplus grain from the kulaks of the entire Tavdinsky district, for which the fists slaughtered him along with his brother on a forest road (TSB 1954, vol. 28, p. 310 ).
Meanwhile, back in 1939, the famous honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the revolutionary Shlisselburger Nikolai Morozov, outraged by the proximity of his last name to the last name of Pavlik in the first Soviet encyclopedia of 1936, undertook an investigation of this case, so to speak, in hot pursuit. And I found out that everything was completely different from what was said and written in all the then official sources. According to Morozov's investigation, it turned out that Pavlik was not a pioneer, just as he was not an informer. At the trial against the head of the family, he acted as a witness and defended his father with all his might, which there were still many witnesses at that time: the court session in Tavda was held with open doors.
The honorary academician failed to talk with the secretary of the Tavdinsky district committee, to whom Pavlik allegedly whispered in his ear about the atrocities of his father: by that time the official had already been shot as an enemy of the people. But in the case of the murder of Pavel and Fyodor Morozov, Nikolai Alexandrovich discovered the testimony of members of the Morozov family - mother, sister and uncle. In her explanatory note, Tatyana Semyonovna, Pavel's mother, obviously under dictation, called her son a snitch, and blamed his grandfather, grandmother and uncle Danila for his death. In the same note, she first called Pavlik a pioneer. “My son Pavel, no matter what he saw or heard about this kulak gang, always reported them to the village council. Because of this, the kulaks hated him and in every possible way wanted to wipe out this young pioneer from the face of the earth.” (A curious detail: Pavlik's father was the chairman of the Gerasimovsky village council, so it turns out that he passed denunciations on his father and relatives to his father himself!)
As a result of meetings and conversations with the surviving Morozov relatives, the academician found out that a conflict had long been ripening in the family. By writing out left-wing documents, Trofim Morozov brought terrible misfortune to the family. Endless showdowns at night eventually led to a divorce and division of property. Taking advantage of the opportunity, numerous "well-wishers" intervened in the case, a train of denunciations about Trofim Sergeyevich, grandmother Aksinya and grandfather Sergey reached the Tavdinsky district committee and the district police department. All the slanders were allegedly written from the words of Pavlik by the local policeman Ivan Poputchik and the hut Pyotr Yeltsin. On their basis, the trial of Trofim Morozov was hastily concocted.
By that time, Pavlik himself knew how to write, so the denunciations allegedly recorded from his words that went to the area were 100% fakes! For some reason, Pavel was not asked questions about his "denunciations" at the trial. Nevertheless, although the guilt of Trofim Sergeevich was not proven, he got a sentence, and the Morozov family was almost repressed as a kulak family. This happened, however, two years later, and the district police officer demanded that Pavel himself testify against his grandfather and grandmother, respected in the district. Morozov, as their eldest grandson, resolutely refused, saying that he would beg a priest he knew for such thoughts and suggestions to anathematize the district police officer. Pavel's conversation with the district police officer took place on September 1, 1932, and Pavel managed to convey its content to his confessor. And on September 3, he, together with his brother, returning from the church, did not reach the house ... Two days later, the bodies of the tormented brothers were found literally a stone's throw from the village. On the same day, the district police officer had terrible suspicions, and he conducted searches in the house of grandfather Pavlik and his cousin Danila, where he found bloody pants, a shirt and a knife. What kind of fool keeps such evidence in the house? The precinct was not going to answer such a stupid question from fellow villagers, he did not care about trifles.
On September 8, the district police officer, with the support of the opera from Tavda, knocked out testimony from Danila Morozov that the brothers were stabbed to death by the neighbor of the Morozovs, Efrem Shatrakov, but he, Danila, only kept both "pioneers". The district police officer I. Poputchik added to the case of the murder of the brothers the last one, allegedly written from the words of Pavlik by the district police officer, "denunciation" against Shatrakov's neighbor, who allegedly concealed large surpluses of grain. On the same day, a strange explanatory note from Pavlik's mother appeared, in which he already appears as a pioneer and scammer, and the grandfather, grandmother and cousin Danila are called the main culprits of the tragedy.
On September 12, Danila changed his testimony and declared guilty of the death of the brothers of their own 80-year-old infirm grandfather Sergei Sergeyevich, who was not even able to keep up with his grandchildren, not to mention raising a knife over their heads! In the final version of the investigation, it is already indicated that the bloody "evidence" was found in the house of his grandfather, S.S. Morozov ...
The court sentenced the grandfather and cousin Pavlik Morozov, and at the same time the grandmother "for non-information" to be shot, while Shatrakov's neighbor was released from the courtroom as "repentant" ...
According to Tatyana Semyonovna, Pavlik's mother, the testimony against her grandfather was beaten out of her by employees of the Tavdinsky department of the OGPU by threats of reprisals against the whole family.
Honorary academician N.A. Morozov brought this maternal recognition with him in 1939 from Gerasimovka; he showed it to his acquaintances, in particular, to the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, writer Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy. However, he was afraid to launch the document.
Just before his death in 1946, Morozov handed over the confessions of Pavlik's mother to Tsarskoye Selo local historians, from whose funds they were stolen in April 1951. Vladimir Nikolayevich Smirnov, at that time the deputy chairman of the local section of local lore, told me about this.
Before the war, no one tried to shoot at least a small documentary about the most legendary pioneer of the era ... Is it because, apart from the Tavda Chekists and their rough cooking, there was nothing to shoot?
The name of Pavlik Morozov forever remained crap, the truth-bearers of all generations ruffled him at every corner and, no matter how scary, they rattle him to this day. Who and when will anathematize them for such fanaticism and mockery of the memory of innocent people?
Watch in advance "Logicology - about the fate of man"
Pavel Morozov who is he, a hero or a traitor?
The story of Pavel Morozov is well known to the older generation. This boy was included in the ranks of pioneer heroes who performed feats for the sake of their country and people and entered the legends of the Soviet era.
According to the official version, Pavlik Morozov, who sincerely believed in the idea of socialism, told the OGPU about how his father helps kulaks and bandits. Morozov senior was arrested and convicted. But his son paid for his deed, and was killed by his father's relatives.
What is true in this story, and what is propaganda fiction, unfortunately, has not been figured out so far. Who, in reality, was Pavel Morozov, and what was done in reality?
Biography of Pavlik Morozov
Pavel Trofimovich Morozov was born on November 14, 1918 in the village of Gerasimovka, Tavdinsky district of the Ural region. His father, Trofim Morozov, became chairman of the village council of his native village. It was a tough time.
Back in 1921 the villagers Central Russia started a revolt, rebelling against the Bolshevik surplus appropriation, which took away the last grain from the people for the proletarians.
Those of the rebels who survived the battles went to the Urals or were convicted. Someone was shot, someone was amnestied after a few years. Under the amnesty two years later, five people, the Purtov brothers, who played their role in the tragedy of Pavel, also fell.
The boy's father, when Pavlik reached the age of ten, left his wife and children, leaving for another family. This event forced the young Morozov to become the head of the family, taking all the care of his relatives.
Knowing that the power of the Soviets was the only shield for the poor, with the advent of the 1930s, Pavel joined the pioneer organization. At the same time, his father, having taken a leading position in the village council, began to actively cooperate with the kulak elements and the Purtov gang. Here begins the story of the feat of Pavlik Morozov.
Feat (version of the times of the USSR)
The Purtovs, having organized a gang in the forests, hunted in the vicinity by robbery. Only 20 proven robberies are on their conscience. Also, according to the OGPU, the five brothers were preparing a local coup against the Soviets, relying on special settlers (kulaks). Trofim Morozov provided active assistance to them. The chairman provided them with blank documents, issuing fake certificates of poor condition.
In those years, such certificates were an analogue of a passport and gave the bandits a quiet life and legal residence. According to these documents, the bearer of the paper was considered a peasant of Gerasimovka and did not owe anything to the state. Pavel, who fully and sincerely supported the Bolsheviks, reported his father's deeds to the competent authorities. His father was arrested and sentenced to 10 years.
Pavlik paid for this report by losing his life, and his younger brother Fyodor was deprived of his life. While picking berries in the forest, they were slaughtered by their own relatives. At the end of the investigation, four people were convicted for the murder: Sergey Morozov - paternal grandfather, Ksenia Morozova - grandmother, Danila Morozov - cousin, Arseniy Kulukanov - Pavel's godfather and his uncle.
Kulukanov and Danila were shot, grandparents died in custody. The fifth suspect, Arseniy Silin, was acquitted.
Interesting facts (new version)
After all these events, Pavlik Morozov took first place in the future numerous series of pioneer heroes. But over time, historians began to ask questions and question the facts that were considered indisputable. By the beginning of the 90s, people appeared who called the boy not a hero, but a traitor and informer. One version says that Morozov Jr. tried not for the sake of Bolshevik power, but following the persuasion of his mother. According to this version, she persuaded her son to slander, offended by the fact that her husband left her with her children. This option is not relevant, the father still helped his family a little, supporting them financially.
Another interesting fact is the documents of the OGPU. According to some of them, the denunciation was not necessary. The authorities had evidence of the participation of Trofim Morozov in the activities of the gang. And Pavlik was only a witness in his father's case. The boy was threatened with an article for complicity! His father, unsurprisingly then, was illiterate. And Pavel wrote out those very certificates with his own hand, on sheets of student notebooks. These leaflets are present in the archives, but he remained only a witness, assuring these facts before the OGPU officers.
Causes controversy and one more thing. Was the first pioneer hero in the ranks of the pioneers at all? It is definitely difficult to answer this question. In the thirties, there was still no document in use certifying belonging to the pioneers of the Soviet Union. Also, no evidence of Pavlik Morozov's belonging to the pioneer community was found in the archives. The pioneers of the village of Gerasimovka are known only from the words of the school teacher Zoya Kabina.
Trofim Morozov, Pavlik's father, was locked up for ten years. But, according to some reports, he was released after three years for successful work on the Belomor Canal, and even awarded. It's hard to believe it. Other versions are more plausible. One of them says that the former chairman was shot in 1938. But there is no confirmation of such an event. The most common opinion says that the elder Morozov served time and left for the Tyumen region. There he lived out his years, keeping a secret relationship with the famous son.
Such is the story of Pavlik Morozov, who became the first pioneer hero. Subsequently, the Soviet government was accused of false propaganda, denying or misrepresenting the events of those distant times. But everyone is free to draw conclusions and determine their attitude to those old cases.
The key figure in this story is Pavlik's father Trofim Sergeevich Morozov. He was a hero of the civil war, the commander of a red partisan detachment. And the chairman of the village council of this very village. And a member of the CPSU (b). That is, he was the Soviet government. At the same time, a gang of the Purtov brothers operated in the Tavdinsky district, with which Morozov was associated. Being the chairman of the Gerasimov village council since 1930, he sold food and false documents to bandits.
It would be a mistake to think that the Purtovs were ideological fighters against the Soviets, avenging their desecrated freedom. In 1919, Osip, Mikhail and Grigory Purtov were mobilized into the Kolchak army, but they immediately surrendered to the Reds and were released home. In 1921, Gregory was drafted into the Red Army, but he deserted from there three days later. Soon a peasant uprising broke out in Siberia, and the Purtovs, who put together a gang, became famous for the bloody reprisals against supporters of the Soviet regime. On March 10, 1921, caught in their lair in the forest, the bandits surrendered without a fight to a detachment of seven Bolsheviks from the Yelan party cell.
The voice of reason tells me that it was necessary to slap the bandits on the spot, and write in the report that, they say, they put up desperate resistance and were eliminated. But the Yelan Bolsheviks turned out to be humanists and decided to do everything according to the law: first the trial, and then the execution. The court turned out to be fantastically lenient towards a gang of murderers and robbers: taking into account the poor origin and crocodile tears of repentant bandits, they were given only 10 years in the camps.
But they did not stay in the camps either. Two years later, they were released as reformed and because of the alleged illness of their father. Returning home, the brothers immediately returned to their robbery. They were detained, but escaped from custody. With the beginning of collectivization, the dispossessed from the European part of the country began to be exiled to Siberia, and this contingent willingly joined the Purtov gang.
Remarkably, until the beginning of the 1930s, the bandit families were not persecuted, and only in 1931, by decision of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, the Purtovs' father with his younger sons Peter and Pavel and their wives were evicted from their native village. The youngest son of Purtov, Peter, received five years in prison for harboring his older brothers, but six months later he escaped and returned to his native places, where he lived under false documents. Pavel also escaped from exile and joined the gang.
The Purtov gang, which accounted for at least 20 corpses, was liquidated only in 1933. The last straw that overflowed the patience of the authorities was the very brutal murder of Pavlik and Fedya Morozov, which received a wide response. The Purtovs were not directly involved in this, but the very fact of the existence of a gang in the area, which enjoyed elusive fame, looked defiant. An operational group of the OGPU under the command of an experienced security officer Krylov was sent to the area, which completed the task.
So, such a long epic of the Purtov gang became possible thanks to, as they would say now, corruption, since the bandits have established close ties with the heads of local village councils, including Trofim Morozov. As they say, money does not smell, so the chairman put the trade in certificates of the poor on a grand scale - they were bought by dispossessed fellow villagers and exiled special settlers (the presence of a certificate allowed them to leave their place of exile).
The security officers seized the certificates issued by Trofim Morozov from captured bandits and found them in bandit caches. So they took the “corrupt” chairman under white hands, no denunciation of Pavlik was required for this. There was no point in locking Trofim Sergeevich.
You ask - what does Pavlik Morozov have to do with it? The fact is that his father was illiterate, and all the certificates that he traded were written in a neat childish handwriting by his son Pavlik. That is, it turns out that the father "surrendered" his son, and not vice versa. Pavlik only confirmed his father's confession to the district representative of the OGPU.
There was no trial at which, according to legend, the young pioneer delivered a diatribe. According to the Tyumen local historian and writer Alexander Petrushin, who unearthed this story, “the fate of Trofim Morozov was decided by the meeting of the“ troika ”at the Plenipotentiary Representation of the OGPU in the Urals on February 20, 1932. It is indicated: “He was engaged in the fabrication of forged documents with which he supplied members of the K / R of the insurgent group and persons hiding from the repression of Soviet power.” Resolution of the "troika": "Imprison him in a labor camp for a period of ten years."
For the attention of the schoolchildren: the corrective labor camp is not a prison and not the Kolyma zone. The convict was only sent to work at one of the many construction sites of socialism, where he lived and worked without protection. The whole difference with an ordinary worker was that he could not quit before the end of the term of the ZK ITL, and part of his earnings was confiscated in favor of the state. These are the "atrocities" committed by the Soviet government!
Trofim Sergeevich Morozov was lucky - he got to the construction of the White Sea Canal, where he showed himself from the best side, and not only was released three years later, but was even awarded an order. After his release, he lived and worked in Tyumen.
So why were Pavlik Morozov and his four-year-old brother stabbed to death? The fact is that Pavel's father left his family (wife with four children) and began to cohabit with a woman who lived next door - Antonina Amosova. And then he decided to divorce his old wife and marry a twenty-year-old girl. According to the then law, in this case, all the land and other property went to the father in a new family. And the old wife, along with the children, became homeless.
The wife, of course, demanded the division of property before the divorce. And - again, according to the then legislation - for three male children (Pavlik with a small brother and brother Alexei) they had to cut off a noticeable piece of land allotment from the father's plot, who, although he was the chairman of the village council, could not so clearly shove against the law, but when he was arrested, his father's relatives realized that the partition was about to happen.
It was then that the plan was ripe to bang the kids - after which the divorce would be left without land. It was not possible to bang all three at once - but it is clear that Alexei would also have been taken. According to the recollections of Pavel's teacher, his father regularly beat and beat his wife and children both before and after leaving the family. Grandfather Pavlik also hated his daughter-in-law because she did not want to live with him on the same farm, but insisted on a division. According to Alexei (Pavel's brother), the father "loved only himself and vodka", he did not spare his wife and sons.
Suspicions immediately fell on the family of the father of those killed. Yes, in fact, they are not particularly hidden. According to Tatyana Baidakova, “when my slaughtered children were brought from the forest, grandmother Aksinya met me on the street and said with a grin: “Tatyana, we made meat for you, and now you eat it!”. The initiator of the murder was the uncle of Pavlik and Fedya Arseniy Kulukanov, and the 76-year-old grandfather Sergey and 19-year-old Danila, the cousin of Pavlik and Fedya, became the direct perpetrators of the murder. Grandma Aksinya helped hide the evidence.
In general, a typical "dispute between business entities", as they would say now. A special piquancy to which is given by the fact that all this was done by BELARUSIANS, who came to Siberia according to the Stolypin recruitment even under the sovereign emperor.
This is what the happy Stalinist USSR looked like in real life. Corruption, which even the heroes of the civil war did not disdain, banditry and the merging of local authorities with bandits, lawlessness, murders based on hostility or property claims, and all on such a scale that the authorities did not know what to grab onto - if they put everyone in jail, then half of the country should be sent to the camps.
Now you can appreciate what Stalin had to deal with, and from what pipets he dragged the country. At the same time, it will become more clear where the prisoners in the camps came from, all these “innocent inmates” who were screaming about rehabilitation. Even 68 years later, the Prosecutor General’s Office, after checking the investigative case, decided “to recognize Sergey Sergeevich Morozov and Daniil Ivanovich Morozov as reasonably convicted in this case for committing a counter-revolutionary crime and not subject to rehabilitation” - everything is so obvious in this case from the evidence.
