In May 1943, the 7th Separate Guards Airborne Brigade was formed in the Moscow Military District. The number of the brigade in the state was 5800 people.
The brigade was staffed with privates and sergeants from carefully selected young people aged 18-20. These were physically developed, devoted to the cause of the party and the homeland of the young man. This selection was far from random. After all, paratroopers must be in constant readiness for complex combat operations behind enemy lines, in isolation from their troops, for initiative, bold, daring and decisive actions.
Officers were also selected strictly on an individual basis - the best of the best, physically healthy, with high moral and fighting qualities.
A strong grouping of the Airborne Forces was on the 4th Ukrainian Front (4th, 6th and 7th Guards Airborne Brigade), which they wanted to use during the liberation of Crimea.
In December 1943, the 4th and 7th Guards Airborne Brigade were redeployed to the Moscow Military District.
On January 15, 1944, in accordance with the order of the commander of the Red Army Airborne Forces No. 00100 dated December 26, 1943, in the city of Stupino, Moscow Region, on the basis of the 4th, 7th and 17th separate guards airborne brigades (the brigades were stationed in Vostryakovo, Vnukovo, Stupino) the 16th Guards Airborne Division was formed.
There were 12,000 people in the division by state.
Parts of the division were staffed mainly by young people aged 18-20 years old, fit for service in the Airborne Forces, Komsomol members and cadets-graduates of military schools, equipped with the latest weapons, equipment, including off-road vehicles. 90% of the division's officers had combat experience in combat, many of them arrived from hospitals after being treated for wounds.
As part of the division, a significant part of the personnel had experience in conducting combat operations behind enemy lines. Hundreds of paratroopers had state awards, and such soldiers as lieutenant colonel Gavrov, majors Lyutov and Zhatko, captain Orobets, foreman Grigoryan, sergeant Ivanov and others were awarded medals "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War".
In August 1944, the division was redeployed to Starye Dorogi, Mogilev Region, and on August 9, 1944, became part of the newly formed 38th Guards Airborne Corps.
Despite the fact that the military camps where the division was stationed were badly destroyed, all the soldiers, 5 days after the unloading, began planned combat training.
In October 1944, the 38th Guards Airborne Corps became part of the newly formed Separate Guards Airborne Army.
On December 8, 1944, the army was reorganized into the 9th Guards Army. The corps became the Guards Rifle Corps.
By order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander No. 0047 dated 12/18/1944, the 16th Guards Airborne Division was reorganized into the 106th Guards Rifle Division of the 38th Guards Rifle Corps. The 4th Guards Regiment was reorganized into the 347th Guards Rifle Regiment, the 7th Guards Regiment was reorganized into the 351st Guards Rifle Regiment, and the 17th Guards Regiment was reorganized into the 355th Guards Rifle Regiment.
The division included:
347th Guards Rifle Regiment;
351st Guards Rifle Regiment;
356th Guards Rifle Regiment;
107th Separate Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion;
193rd Separate Guards Communications Battalion;
123rd separate guards anti-tank division;
139th separate guards sapper battalion;
113th separate guards reconnaissance company;
117th separate guards chemical company;
234th Separate Guards Medical Battalion.
The 57th artillery brigade of three regiments was introduced into the division:
205th cannon artillery regiment;
28th howitzer artillery regiment;
53rd mortar regiment.
At the end of 1944, a review of the readiness and coherence of the soldiers of the division took place. The commander of the 9th Guards Army, Colonel General V. Glagolev, highly appreciated the proven units.
In January 1945, the division, consisting of 38th guards, was redeployed by rail to Hungary and by February 26 concentrated east of Budapest in the area: Szolnok - Abon - Soyal - Teriel and in early March became part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.
Until the beginning of March 1945, the soldiers of the division were intensively preparing to break through the heavily fortified positions of the enemy. In March 1945, the division received the task of reaching its starting positions for an offensive in the area of Versheg - Budakessi - Fat - Bichke. The march took place in the difficult conditions of the spring thaw and only in the dark.
From March 13 to March 16, 1945, intensified reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain in the direction of the offensive was carried out. A sniper movement unfolded among the personnel.
On March 16, 1945, having broken through the German defenses, the 351st Regiment reached the Austro-Hungarian border.
In March-April 1945, the division participated in the Vienna operation, advancing in the direction of the main attack of the front. The division, in cooperation with formations of the 4th Guards Army, broke through the enemy defenses north of the city of Szekesfehervar, went to the flank and rear of the main forces of the 6th SS Panzer Army, which wedged into the defense of the front troops between the lakes Velence and Balaton. In early April, the division struck in a northwestern direction around Vienna and, in cooperation with the 6th Guards Tank Army, broke the enemy’s resistance, advanced to the Danube and cut off the enemy’s retreat to the west. The division successfully fought in the city, which continued until April 13.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 29, 1945, for participation in the defeat of eleven enemy divisions southwest of Budapest and the capture of the city of Mor, the division was awarded the Order of Kutuzov II degree.
For breaking through the fortified line of defense and capturing the city of Mor, all personnel received the gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 04/26/1945 "for participation in the capture of Vienna", the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Since then, April 26 has been considered the unit's annual holiday.
During the Vienna operation, the division fought over 300 kilometers. On some days, the rate of its advance reached 25-30 kilometers per day.
From May 5 to May 11, 1945, the division, as part of the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, took part in the Prague offensive operation.
On May 5, the division was alerted and marched to the Austro-Czechoslovak border. Having come into contact with the enemy, on May 8 she crossed the border of Czechoslovakia and immediately captured the city of Znojmo.
On May 9, the division continued combat operations in pursuit of the enemy and successfully developed the offensive on Retz, Pisek. The division made a march, pursuing the enemy, and in 3 days fought 80-90 km. At 12.00 on May 11, 1945, the advance detachment of the division reached the river. Vltava and in the area of the village of Oleshnya met with the troops of the 5th American tank army. Here the combat path of the division in the Great Patriotic War ended.
During the period of hostilities, the soldiers of the division destroyed and captured 64 thousand enemy soldiers and officers, as well as a large number of tanks, self-propelled guns, vehicles and other equipment.
During the Great Patriotic War, many soldiers of the division were awarded orders and medals.
The division during the war years was commanded by: Guards Major General Kazankin (01.1944 - 11/10/1944), Guards Colonel, since 1945 Guards Major General K.N. Windush (since 11/10/1944).
At the end of hostilities, the division from Czechoslovakia returned to Hungary under its own power. From May 1945 to January 1946, the division was camped in the woods south of Budapest. Planned classes were held in combat and political training, gatherings of all specialists of units, as well as gatherings of commanders of all degrees.
On the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1154474ss of 06/03/1946 and the directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. org / 2/247225 of 06/07/1946, by June 15, 1946, the 106th Guards Rifle Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division was reorganized into 106th Guards Airborne Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division.
From July 1946, the division was stationed in the city of Tula. The division was part of the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps (corps headquarters - Tula).
On December 3, 1947, the division was awarded the Guards Battle Banner.
In 1956, the corps was disbanded and the division became directly subordinate to the commander of the Airborne Forces.
Based on the directives of the General Staff of September 3, 1948 and January 21, 1949, the 106th Guards Airborne Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division as part of the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps became part of the Airborne Army.
In April 1953, the Airborne Army was disbanded.
On the basis of the directive of the General Staff of January 21, 1955, by April 25, 1955, the 106th Guards Airborne Division withdrew from the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps, which was disbanded, and moved to a new staff of three regimental strength with cropped battalion in each parachute regiment.
From the disbanded 11th Guards Airborne Division, the 137th Guards Airborne Regiment was accepted into the 106th Guards Airborne Division. The point of deployment is the city of Ryazan.
The personnel of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment participated in military parades on Red Square in Moscow, took part in large exercises of the Ministry of Defense and in 1955 parachuted near the city of Kutaisi (Transcaucasian Military District).
In 1957, the regiment conducted demonstration exercises with landing for the military delegations of Yugoslavia and India.
Based on the directives of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of March 18, 1960 and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of June 7, 1960 to November 1, 1960:
the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment (the city of Efremov, Tula Region) was accepted into the 105th Guards Airborne Red Banner Vienna Division from the 106th Guards Airborne Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division;
The 105th Guards Airborne Division (without the 331st Guards Airborne Regiment) was redeployed to the Turkestan military district in the city of Ferghana, Uzbek SSR. The 351st Guards Airborne Regiment was deployed in the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region.
In 1961, after the earthquake in Tashkent, the personnel of the 351st regiment assisted the residents of the city affected by the disaster, helped the local authorities in maintaining order.
In 1974, the 351st regiment parachuted into one of the regions of Central Asia and participated in the large-scale exercises of the TurkVO. Being the advanced part of the Airborne Forces of the Central Asian region of the country, the regiment participates in parades in the capital of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
On the basis of the Directive of the General Staff of August 3, 1979, by December 1, 1979, the 105th Guards Airborne Vienna Red Banner Division was disbanded.
From the division remained in the city of Ferghana the 345th separate guards parachute landing regiment of the Order of Suvorov, much larger than the usual and the 115th separate military transport aviation squadron. The rest of the personnel of the division turned to replenish the shortfall in other airborne formations and to resupply the newly formed airborne assault brigades.
The 56th Guards Airborne Assault Brigade was formed on the basis of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment of the 105th Guards Airborne Vienna Red Banner Division in the village of Azadbash (a district of the city of Chirchik) of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
On December 13, 1979, the units of the brigade plunged into trains and were redeployed to the city of Termez, Uzbek SSR.
In December 1979, the brigade was introduced to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and became part of the 40th Combined Arms Army.
On the morning of December 25, 1979, the 4th battalion of the brigade was the first in the 40th Army to enter Afghanistan to guard the Salang Pass.
From Termez, the 1st and 2nd battalions in helicopters, and the rest in the convoy, were redeployed to the city of Kunduz. The 4th battalion remained at the Salang pass. Then, from Kunduz, the 2nd battalion was transferred to the city of Kandahar (was there until 1986).
In January 1980, the entire brigade was introduced. She was stationed in the city of Kunduz. Since 1982, the brigade has been stationed in the city of Gardez.
The initial task of the brigade units was to guard and defend the largest highway in the Salang Pass area, to ensure the advance of Soviet troops in the central and southern regions of Afghanistan.
In January 1980, the entire brigade was introduced. It is deployed in the area of the city of Kunduz.
From January 1980 to December 1981, the brigade destroyed more than 3,000 rebels, about 400 spooks were taken prisoner, a large amount of weapons were destroyed and captured.
From December 1981 to May 1988, the 56th Air Assault Brigade is stationed in the area of the city of Gardez, conducting combat operations throughout Afghanistan: Bagram, Mazar-i-Sharif, Khanabad, Panjshir, Logar, Aliheil. During this period, about 10,000 rebels from bandit detachments were destroyed, a large number of artillery systems and easel weapons were destroyed and captured. For the successful completion of combat missions, many paratroopers were awarded government awards from the Soviet government and the leadership of the Republic of Afghanistan, and Senior Lieutenant S. Kozlov became a Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1984, the brigade was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the TurkVO for the successful completion of combat missions.
In 1986, the brigade was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.
From December 16, 1987 to the end of January 1988, the brigade took part in Operation Magistral. In April 1988, the brigade took part in Operation Barrier. The paratroopers blocked the caravan routes from Pakistan in order to ensure the withdrawal of troops from the city of Ghazni.
In May 1988, the brigade, after fulfilling its international duty, was withdrawn to the city of Yolotan, Turkmen SSR.
During the years of the Afghan war, over 400 soldiers died in the brigade, 15 people went missing.
Planned combat training has begun: the training and material base is being improved and created, parachute jumps are carried out, and assistance is provided to local residents in harvesting.
At the end of 1989, the brigade was reorganized into a separate airborne assault brigade (OVDBR).
The brigade passed "hot spots": Afghanistan (12.1979-07.1988), Baku (12-19.01.1990 - 02.1990), Sumgayit, Nakhichevan, Migri, Julfa, Osh, Fergana, Uzgen (06.06.1990), Chechnya (12.94-10.96, Grozny, Pervomaisky, Argun and since 09.1999).
On January 15, 1990, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, after a detailed study of the situation, adopted a decision "On declaring a state of emergency in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and some other regions." In accordance with it, the Airborne Forces began the operation, which was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, from January 12 to 19, units of the 106th and 76th airborne divisions, the 56th and 38th airborne brigades and the 217th airborne regiment landed on airfields near Baku, and in Yerevan 98th Airborne Division. The 39th Airborne Brigade entered Nagorno-Karabakh. At this stage, intelligence was actively conducted, its data was analyzed, interaction, communication and control were organized. All units were assigned specific tasks and methods for their implementation, routes of movement were determined. The second stage began on the night of January 19-20 with the simultaneous sudden entry of landing units from three sides into Baku.
Having entered the city, the paratroopers "cut" it into pieces, isolated the main centers of resistance, unblocked military units and camps of military families, took under protection the main administrative and economic facilities. Having quickly assessed the situation, having found out the tactics of the actions of the militants, it was decided to launch a fight against mobile detachments of militants and snipers. Mobile groups were set up to seize them, which, acting prudently and professionally, "filmed" and "cleansed" of extremists house by house, district by district. Having found out the main places of concentration of extremist forces, their headquarters, warehouses and communication centers, on January 23, the paratroopers began operations to eliminate them. A large group of militants, weapons depots and a radio station were located in the seaport, and the PFA headquarters was based on the ship Orudzhev. The leadership of the Popular Front decided to burn the ships in the Baku Bay, having previously blocked the ships of the military flotilla. On January 24, the paratroopers carried out an operation to free the ships from the militants.
On January 23, airborne units began operations to restore order in other parts of Azerbaijan. In the area of Lankaran, Prship and Jalilabad, they were carried out jointly with the border troops, who restored the state border.
In February 1990, the brigade returned to the place of permanent deployment.
From March to August 1990, units of the brigade maintained order in the cities of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
On June 6, 1990, landings began at airfields in the city. Fergana and Osh of the 104th parachute regiment of the 76th airborne division, the 56th airborne brigade, and on June 8 - the 137th parachute regiment of the 106th airborne division in the city of Frunze. Having made a march on the same day through the mountain passes of the border of the two republics, the paratroopers occupied Osh and Uzgen. The next day, the 387th separate airborne regiment and units of the 56th airborne brigade took control of the situation in the area of the cities of Andijan, Jalil-Abad, occupied Kara-Suu, mountain roads and passes throughout the conflict.
At the first stage of the operation, the places of concentration of combat groups were localized, the warring parties were separated, and the paths of movement of mobile bandit groups were blocked. All economic, administrative and social facilities were taken under protection. At the same time, fires had to be extinguished, hundreds of wounded were rescued, and even the dead were buried. It came to the point that the paratroopers taught the traffic police to organize checkpoints on the roads, the procedure for inspecting cars, methods of using weapons in the event of an attack, etc.
Organizational structure of the 56th Guards Ovdbr for 1990-91:
- brigade management
- three (1st, 2nd, 3rd) airborne (foot) battalions:
o three airborne companies (ATGM "Metis", 82-mm M, AGS-17, RPG-7D, GP-25, PK, AKS-74, RPKS-74)
o anti-tank battery (ATGM Fagot, SPG-9MD)
o mortar battery (82 mm M)
o platoons: anti-aircraft missile (Strela-3 / Igla), communications, support, first-aid post.
- howitzer artillery battalion:
o three howitzer batteries (122 mm G D-30)
o platoons: management, support.
- mortar battery (120 mm M)
- anti-aircraft missile and artillery battery (ZU-23, Strela-3/Igla)
- anti-tank battery (ATGM "Fagot")
- anti-aircraft battery (23 mm ZU-23, MANPADS Strela-2M)
- reconnaissance company (UAZ-3151, PK, RPG-7D, GP-25, SBR-3)
- communication company
- engineering sapper company
- landing support company
- automobile company
- medical company
- repair company
- material support company
- radiochemical biological protection company
- command platoon of the chief of artillery
- commandant's platoon
- orchestra.
In 1992, in connection with the sovereignization of the republics of the former Soviet Socialist Republic, the brigade was relocated to the Stavropol Territory, from where it marched to the place of permanent deployment in the village of Podgori near the city of Volgodonsk, Rostov Region. The territory of the military camp was a former shift camp of the builders of the Rostov nuclear power plant, located 3 kilometers from the nuclear power plant.
In 1992, the brigade was awarded the MoD challenge pennant for the successful completion of government assignments.
From December 1994 to August - October 1996, the combined battalion of the brigade fought in Chechnya.
On November 29, 1994, an order was sent to the brigade to form a combined battalion and transfer it to Mozdok. In November - December 1994, the process of dismissal and conscription was underway, the brigade was understaffed even in peacetime states.
The combined battalion of the brigade under its own power passed a 750-kilometer march and by December 1, 1994 concentrated on the Mozdok airfield.
From the middle of 1995, the 2nd PDR of the combined battalion stood in the village. Berkart-Yurt 5 km away from the settlement. Argun, closer to the station. Petropavlovskaya - 1 pdr, isr, headquarters of the combined battalion, platoon of the RHBZ, minbatr. In n.p. Argun stood ptbatr and 3 pdr between the 1st and 2nd.
The artillery division of the brigade took part in late 1995 - early 1996 in the operation near Shatoi.
In December 1995 - January 1996, in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 070 dated December 26, 1995 "On improving the leadership of troops (forces)" was withdrawn from the Airborne Forces and reassigned to the command of the Red Banner North Caucasus Military District. In March - April 1996, the brigade was finally transferred to the command of the North Caucasus Military District. The equipment of the brigade with heavy weapons began. The equipment came from Prokhladny, the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, from the 135th separate motorized rifle brigade, which was being reorganized into a regiment.
From January 7 to January 21-22, 1996, a consolidated company (50 people, including 3 officers (2 KV and 1 KR - Major Silchenko) from the combined battalion of the brigade participated in the operation near the village of Pervomaiskoye of the Republic of Dagestan.
In April-May 1996, the brigade received 9 BRDMs (1 each in 1, 2, 3 separate reconnaissance platoons, the rest in reconnaissance), from August 1 to September 1, 1996, the brigade received 21 MT-LB (in 1, 2, 3 battalions of 6 pieces, 2 pieces in the ISR, 1 piece in the RKhBZ company).
In October-November 1996, the combined battalion of the brigade was withdrawn from Chechnya.
In 1997, the brigade was reorganized into the 56th Guards Air Assault Regiment, which became part of the 20th Guards Motor Rifle Division.
In July 1998, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, in connection with the resumption of the construction of the Rostov NPP, the regiment began redeployment to the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd Region. The regiment was placed in the buildings of the Kamyshin Higher Military Construction Command and Engineering School, which was disbanded in 1998. By August 1, 1998, half of the units were transferred to a new location. One battalion of the regiment remained in the village of Podgori until the last vehicle of the regiment left. 
On August 19, 1999, an air assault detachment from the regiment was sent to reinforce the combined regiment of the 20th Guards MSD and was sent by a letter military echelon to the Republic of Dagestan. On August 20, 1999, the DSho arrived in the city of Botlikh.
Later he took part in hostilities in the Republic of Dagestan and the Chechen Republic.
The battalion tactical group of the regiment fought in the North Caucasus (the location of the city of Khankala).
In December 1999, units of the regiment and the DShMG FPS covered the Chechen section of the Russian-Georgian border.
Paratroopers and border guards completely blocked roads and mountain paths in the area. Attempts by the bandit formations to bypass the units of the federal forces in order to strike at them from the Georgian side were not successful.
For courage and heroism shown in the performance of combat missions from 1994 to 2000, 3 servicemen of the unit were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
All photos and materials on the site are posted with the permission of the museum staff.
in memory of soldiers - internationalists "Shuravi"
and personally the director of the museum, Salmin Nikolai Anatolyevich.
Part history
56th Guards. separate air assault brigade
. The brigade was formed by 10/1/1979 according to the state No. 35/901 (approved by the NGSH September 11, 1979) on the basis of the 351st Guards. PDP of the disbanded 105th Guards airborne division in the city of Chirchik (Uzbekistan).Former com. 351st Guards. pdp guards. p / p-k Bad A.P.(commanded the regiment since October 1976);The brigade became part of the ground forces and is subordinate to the commander of the TurkVO.
. The basis of the formation - the 4th airborne assault battalion is equipped with l / s from three parade brigade of the 351st Guards. pdp; 1, 2, 3rd pdb - military conscription autumn 1979, reconnaissance of the 351st Guards. pdp, artillery battalion - l / s artillery regiment 105th divisions.
. The composition of the brigade - 4 battalions (3 pdb, dshb) and adn, 7 separate companies (reconnaissance, auto company, engineer company, airborne support company, repair company, communications company, medical company), 2 separate batteries (ATGM battery, anti-aircraft rocket and artillery battery), 3 separate platoons - RHR, commandant and economic, orchestra.
Afghanistan
12/11/1979 - the brigade was put on full combat readiness (according to oral telephone order com. TurkVO).
12/12/1979 - an order was received to relocate from Soz-Su station to Dzharkurgan station, Termez region (with the exception of 2 battalions - the 3rd airborne brigade was transferred by helicopters from the Chirchik airfield to the site in the district of the settlement. Sandykachy 150 km from Mary, Turkmenistan, 1st Airborne Brigade - to the Kokaydy airfield, Termez district).
12/18/1979 - the brigade (except for the 3rd battalion) concentrated 13 km northeast of Kokaida.
12/27/1979 - The 4th airborne assault rifle crossed the state border with Afghanistan and took the Salang pass on the Termez-Kabul highway.
12/28/1979 - The 3rd infantry brigade was deployed by helicopter to Afghanistan and captured Rabati-Mirza pass on the Kushka-Herat highway.
January 13-14, 1980 - by order of com. TurkVO brigade crossed the border and concentrated near the Kunduz airfield.
January 1980 - the 3rd airborne brigade was relocated to the Kandahar airfield; has changed battalion numbering 3rd infantry brigade received No. 2nd infantry brigade, 2nd infantry brigade - No. 3rd infantry brigade.
February 1980 - The 4th airborne brigade was relocated to the city of Charikar, Parvan province.
By March 1, 1980, the 2nd infantry brigade was expelled from the brigade (an infantry brigade was formed from the l / s 70th Guards. brigade: Kandahar airfield);
The 3rd infantry brigade was reorganized into an infantry brigade (armored vehicles were received in the 103rd Guards Airborne Division in Kabul and transferred to the brigade under its own power).
?.1980 - The 4th Airborne Infantry Brigade was relocated to the PPD near the Kunduz airfield.
30.6.1980 - the brigade was assigned the number of field mail - military unit p / p 44585.
?.1981 - a material support company (RMO) was formed on the basis of an auto company and farm platoon.
1.-6.12.1982 - the brigade was relocated to Gardez, Paktia province; 3rd dshb is deployed near the settlement. Soufla of Logar province, on the Kabul-Gardez highway.
1984 - full-time reconnaissance platoons were included in the battalions (directive of the General Staff from November 11, 1984);
the brigade was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Military Council of the Ground Forces (order of the GKV No. 034 dated November 21, 1984)
1985 - the minbatr of the 3rd and 4th infantry brigade and the optabatr of the 1st infantry brigade were reorganized into a sabatr (SO "Nona"), the brigade was re-equipped with BMP-2
May 4, 1985 - by decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, the brigade was awarded the OrderPatriotic War I degree No. 56324698.
10/23/1986 - the fourth battalion was introduced into the brigade (air assault): 4th Airborne Infantry Regiment received No. 2nd Airborne Infantry Regiment, newly formed battalion - No. 4th dshb.
From 1.12.1986 - new state No. 35/642 according to the directive of the TurkVO headquarters No. 21/1/03182. The staff strength of the brigade is 261 officers, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldier.
6/10/1988 - the beginning of the withdrawal of the main part of the brigade from Afghanistan.
12-14.6.1988 - units of the brigade crossed the border.
6/14/1988 - the brigade is deployed in the new PPD (Yolotan, Turkmenistan).
Commanders of the 56th Guards. odshbr (12.1979-5.1988):
1. P / n-k, s-to Plokhikh A.P. (12.1979-6.1981)
2. P/p-to Korpushkin M.A. (6.1981-4.1982)
3. P/p-to Sukhin V.A. (4.1982-4.1983)
4. P/p-to Chizhikov V.M. (4.1983-11.1985)
5. P/p-k Raevsky V.A. (11.1985-8.1987)
6. Newspaper Evnevich V.G. (8.1987 - during withdrawal)
Combat operations (1980-1988)
1980
1.
January 1-12, 1980 Divisions 1, 2nd pdb -
January 13 - 14, 1980 G. -
brigade (without 2, 4th battalions) deployed near Kunduz
4. January 26-28, 1980 3rd dshb, adn; Imamsahibrr, zrabatr
14. April 7-24, 1980 3rd dshb Akhtam Valley, Khanabad, Khojagar, Saraki Mamai 15. April 9-16, 1980 4th dshb River valley Panjshir
16. May 3-7, 1980 3rd dshb (without 7th dshr and minbatr); Baghlanpp
28. August 27-30, 1980 3rd dshb (without 8th dshr),Modjar, Ortabulaki, Alefberdy, Karaul 4-idshb; 3rd abatr / adn, rr, isr
33. October 10-14, 1980 3rd dshb Imamsahib, Alchik, Khozarbach, Khojagar
38. pp Khoja Goltan
40. November 25, 1980 1st pdb, 4th dshb (without Gortapa 10th dshr and minbatr);
41. December 2-3, 1980 1st pdr / 1, 11th dshr / 4 Mark 1028.0 (province?) 42. December 5, 1980 7th dshr / 3 Zardkamar
44. December 16-19, 1980 3rd dshb (without 8, 9th dshr)Madjar, Beshkapa, Ishkim, Shahravan, Basiz, Karaul11th dshr / 4, 2nd abatr / adn, vzvv. isr
1981
1. January 20-31, 1981 3, 4th dshb, adn; Imamsahib, Khojagar, Nanabad pp
2. February 11-12, 1981 1st pdb (without 1st pdr), 4th dshb (without minbatr); Aksalan, Yangarykh
3. February 17- 4th dshb Maimene, Tashkurgan March 14, 1981
7. March 22-June 5, 1981 brigade (without 1st pdb and adn); Lashkargah, Darveshak, Marja
12. August 19- 4th dshb Bagram, Dehi Kalan September 2, 1981
14. August 20, 1981 8th dshr / 3, 2nd pdr / 1, Kunduz, Sherkhan 1st abatr / adn
15. August 27- 2nd wd/ 1 Mazar Sharif September 6, 1981
17. August 31- 3rd pdr/ 1, 9th dshr/ 3 Ain Ul Majar September 1, 1981
23. October 23- 4th dshb Akcha, Mazar Sharif, BalkhNovember 5, 1981
27. December 6, 1981 pp Baghlan December 1 - 5, 1981 g. - redeployment of the brigade under Gardez province Paktia
1982
1. April 14-25, 1982 4th dshb; Gunday and back) pp; vzvv. rebater, vzv. isr
2. May 27-June 4, 1982 4th dshb; Soufla, Kalaseyida, Gosharan, Kalamufti, Badash Kalai, Gadai Heil, Khairabad (on the route Gardez - Kabul - Ghazni) rr, isr, 3rd abatr / adn, vzvv. rebater, vzv. ZU-23-2
3. June 17-24, 1982 3, 4th dshb; Barracks, Muhammedaga-Vulusvali, Gomaran 3rd pdr / 1, rr, isr, reabatr, 2nd abatr / adn; vzvv. ZU-23-2
4. September 19-21, 1982 1st pdb; Gwareza, Melan, Sipahiheil 10th dshr / 4
5. September 20-25, 1982 4th dshb, Gardez, Narai, Aliheil, Gul Gundai (march to Gul district Gunday and back) rr, 2nd pdr/ 1, 2nd abatr/ adn vzvv. rebater, vzv. ZU-23-2
6. October 4-15, 1982 1st pdb, 4th dshb; Muhammedaga-Vulusvali, Dehi Kalan, Khairabad rr, 8th dshr / 3, isr, 2nd abatr / adn, reabatr
7. November 23-26, 1982 4th dshb; Matvarh, Neknamkala pp, 2nd abatr / adn; vzvv. ZU-23-2, isv
8. November 27-28, 1982 1st pdb; Ushmanheil, Vulusvali Saidkaram, Kosin vzvv. 2nd? abatr / adn, vzv. rebater, vzv. ZU-23-2, isv
9. December 16-18, 1982 1st pdb, 3rd dshb (without Padhabi Shana, Dadoheil Maliheil 7th dshr); pp, 2nd abatr / adn; vzvv. rebater, vzv. ZU-23-2
1983
1. January 12-22, 1983 3, 4th dshb; barracks, rr, isr, 2nd pdr / 1, 3rd abatr / adn; southern outskirts of Kabul vzvv. rehab, tv
2. February 27- 4th dshb; Gardez, Narai, Aliheil, Gul Gunday March 5, 1983 isv
3. March 28-30, 1983 3rd dshb (without a company); Qutubheil, Dehi Manaka, Maliheil pp; vzvv. ?abatr/ adn
4. May 16-17, 1983 3rd dshb (without a company); Nyazi, Babus, Dadoheil, Shashkala, Safedsang pp, vzvv. rebater, vzv. ?abatr/ adn, sv, tv
5. June 2-3, 1983 3rd dshb (without a company); Mukhammedaga-Vulusvali, Kalashikha, Kalasayida pp; isv, tv
6. July 9-12, 1983 1st pdb, 4th dshb; On the escort route: Tera pass - Muhammedaga-Vulusvali) rr, isr, rs; tv
7. August 8-11, 1983 1st infantry brigade (without a company), Srakala, Karmashi, Zavu, Kospi, Bara Sijanak 4th dshb (without company), adn (without battery); pp; vzvv. ZU-23-2, isv, tv
8. September 12-26, 1983 1st infantry brigade, 4th infantry brigade (without a company); On the route: pp, 2nd abatr / adn; Gardez - Aliheilvzvv. ZU-23-2, TV, SV
9. November 28- 3, 4th dshb; On the route: December 4, 1983 pp; Soufla - Muhammedaga-Vulusvaliisv, tv
1984
1. January 5-28, 1984 1st infantry brigade (without company), 4th infantry brigade, adn (without battery); Urgun County zrabatr (without a platoon), rr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company; vzvv. optabatr/ 1?
2. February 13-19, 1984 1st infantry brigade, 3rd infantry brigade (without company), adn (without 2nd abatr); 15 km southeast Kabul 10th dshr / 4, rr, rmo, rem. company; vzvv. ZU-23-2
3. March 5-9, 1984 4th dshb (without a company); Hilihan, Narai rr, 3rd abatr / adn, rmo, rs, rem. company; vzvv. ZU-23-2, command. vzvv.
4. May 27-June 12, 1984 4th dshb; On the escort route: vzvv. minbatr/ 1, sv, tv Narai - Aliheil
5. July 4-16, 1984 4th dshb (without a company); Zurmat valley, pp, 2nd abatr / adn; Zara Sharan isv, tv
6. July 27-29, 1984 4th dshb Combat landing in the region of height 3667 (province?)
7. August 3-27, 1984 1st infantry brigade (without a company); Narai 3rd abatr / adn; vzvv. reabatr, isv, tv
8. August 11-16, 1984 3rd dshb; Logar Province 10th dshr / 4, 1st abatr / adn; tv
9. September 3-15, 1984 4th dshb; Dubandi 2nd abatr / adn, vzvv. reabatr, tv, command.vzv.
10. 23 September- 3, 4th dshb, adn; Dubandi, Pachalara, Kabul October 10, 1984 rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company;tv
11. October 20-31, 1984 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 4th infantry brigade, Urgun valley adn (without battery); rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company
12. November 21-26, 1984 3, 4th dshb; Logar Province 1st abatr / adn, rr, isr, rs
13. December 7-24, 1984 1st infantry brigade (without a company), Narai, Aliheil, Harshatal 4th dshb, adn (without battery); rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company; tv, vzv. ZU-23-2, command. vvzv., OPA
1985
2. February 13, 19853rd abatr / adn, rmo, rem. company;
3. March 4-18, 19854th dshb; Urgun rr, 2nd abatr, / adn, sabatr / 1, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company vzvv. reabatr, sv, zrv, tv, command. vzvv.
4. April 10-23, 19851st pdb; Narai 2nd abatr / adn, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company; vzvv. reabatr, sv, tv, zrv, command. vzvv.
5. May 19-June 12, 19853, 4th dshb, Asadabad - Barikot adn (without battery); zrabatr, rr, isr, rmo, rem. company, rdo; tv, command vvzv., OPA
7. August 2, 1985 adn (without 2nd abatr); zrabatr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company, honey. company; tv, command vvzv., OPA
9. September 3, 1985adn (without battery); rr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company, honey. company; tv, zrv, command. vvzv., OPA
11. September 18, 19854th dshb (12.-18.9.);district of Khosta isr, rs;command vzvv.
12. September 23-October 5, 1985 1st infantry brigade (without company), 4th infantry brigade, adn (without 2nd abatr); 20 km southwest Kabul, Baraki rr, isr, rmo, rdo, repair company,honey. company; tv, zrv, command. vzvv.
13. November 19-December 11, 19851st pdb, 4th dshb, adn (without battery); Dukhana, Kandahar rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, honey. company, rem. company, zrabatr, optabatrcommand vvzv., OPA
14. December 23-31, 1985 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 4th infantry brigade Parwan Provinces, Kapisa - Charikar Green Zone (without a company), 3rd dshb (without 2mouth), adn (without battery); rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company, honey. company; tv, zrv, command. vvzv., OPA
1986
1. January 22- 1st pdb, adn (without battery); Narai February 2, 1986 rmo, rdo, rem. company, honey. company; org / 4, tv, sv, zrv, komend. vvzv., OPA
2. March 4-April 23, 1986 1st pdb, 4th dshb (without sabatra), adn (without 2 batteries); Host rs; command vzvv.
3. May 12-24, 1986 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 4th infantry brigade, adn (without 2 batteries); Narai, Aliheil pp, part of rs, rmo, rdo, rem. companies and honey. companies; isv, zrv, tv, vzv. ATGM command. vvzv., OPA
4. June 14-July 12 4th dshb; Kunduz Province part rs, isr; vzvv. RHZ
5. July 27-August 2, 1986 4th dshb, adn (without 2 batteries); Wardak Province 1st pdr / 1, rem. company; isv, tv, zrv, command vzv.
6. August 9-14, 1986 3, 4th dshb, adn; Logar Province pp, rs; org/ 1
7. September 5-12, 1986 2nd dshb, part adn; Kabul Province rr, isr; orv/ 1, TV
8. September 28-October 14, 1986 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 2nd infantry brigade (without a company), adn; Narai, Aliheil rr, rs, isr, rmo, rdo, rem. company; tv, command vvzv., VUNA, OPA
9. December 10-25, 1986 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 2nd infantry brigade (without a company); Provinces of Logar, Ghazni rr, isr, rs, part of rmo and rem. companies, OPA
1987-88
1. March 2-21, 1987 1st pdb (without 1st pdb), Wardak Provinces, Paktika 2nd dshb (without 6th dshr), adn (without 1st abatr); rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company; tv, command vvzv., OPA
2. April 6-25, 1987 brigade - 1st infantry brigade (without 1st infantry brigade), 2nd infantry brigade (without 4th infantry brigade), adn (without the 1st abatre); Nangarhar Province - Melawa base and staging area Marulgad rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company; tv, command vzvv.
3. May 21-June 14, 1987 1st pdb (without 2nd pdr), 2nd dshb (without 4th dshr), adn (without 1st abatre); Chakmani, Aliheil, Bayanheil rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, rem. company, zrabatr; tv, command vzvv.
4. June 25-July 11, 1987 1st pdb (without 2nd pdr), 2nd dshb (without 5th dshr), adn (without 1st abatre); Base district Sanglah rr, isr, rs, rmo, rdo, zrabatr; vzvv. RHZ, command. vzvv.
5. July 17-28, 1987 1st pdb, 2nd dshb, adn (without 2 batteries); On the route: Kabul - Ghazni - Shahjoy - Kalat - Kabul rr, isr, rs, rem. company; tv
6. September 1- 1st pdb, 2nd dshb; Province of Paktia October 12, 1987 rr, isr, rs, rem. company; tv, command vzvv.
7. October 12-14, 1987 2nd dshb (without 6th dshr), 3rd dshb (without 7th, 8th dshr), 1st and 2nd abatr / adn; Logar Province isr, rs, rem. company, honey. company, zrabatr; vzvv. RHZ, OPA
8. December 16, 1987-January 21, 1988 1st pdb (without 3rd pdr), 2nd dshb (without 4th dshr), adn (without 1, 4th abatre); Base district of Srana; along the road Gardez - Khost: on the site Saidheil - Savaykotrr, rr, isr, rs, rmo, rem. company,orv/ 3, 1/ 7th dshr; tv, zrv, vzv. RHZ, command. vzvv.
9. January 21-March 19, 1988 2nd dshb; Satekandav pass minbatr/ 1; vzvv. reabatr, isv
10. March 10-25, 1988 2nd pdr, rr, ?/ 7th dshr; ? orv / 1, orv and grv / 3, isv, vzv. ?abatr/ adn
11. April 3-30, 1988 1, 2nd pdr/ 1, rr, ?abatr/ adn; Escort on routes - to Khost, Aliheil, Ghazni orv / 1, orv / 2, vzv. minbatr/ 1, sv
12. May 10-15, 1988 2nd dshb Aliheil May 15 - June 15 - preparation of the brigade for withdrawal
13. May 25-30, 1988 1st infantry brigade (without a company), 2nd infantry brigade (without a company), 3rd infantry brigade (without a company) Ghazni Province
14. May 31, 1988 2nd pdr and orv / 1, Manaray 4th dshr / 2
Volgograd region
56th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Order of the Patriotic War Don Cossack Brigade (56th Army Brigade) - military formation of the Airborne Forces of Russia. The formation's birthday is June 11, 1943, when the 7th and 17th Guards Airborne Brigades were formed.
Battle path during the Great Patriotic War
On January 15, 1944, in accordance with the order of the commander of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army No. 00100 of December 26, 1943, in the city of Stupino, Moscow Region, on the basis of the 4th, 7th and 17th separate guards airborne brigades (the brigades were stationed in the city of Stupino). Vostryakovo, Vnukovo, Stupino) the 16th Guards Airborne Division was formed. There were 12,000 people in the state division.
In August 1944, the division was relocated to the city of Starye Dorogi, Mogilev Region, and on August 9, 1944, became part of the newly formed 38th Guards Airborne Corps. In October 1944, the 38th Guards Airborne Corps became part of the newly formed separate Guards Airborne Army.
On December 8, 1944, the army was reorganized into the 9th Guards Army, the 38th Guards Airborne Corps became the Guards Rifle Corps.
On March 16, 1945, having broken through the German defenses, the 351st Guards Rifle Regiment reached the Austro-Hungarian border.
In March-April 1945, the division took part in the Vienna operation, advancing in the direction of the main attack of the front. The division, in cooperation with the formations of the 4th Guards Army, broke through the enemy defenses north of the city of Szekesfehervar, went to the flank and rear of the main forces of the 6th Panzer Army SS, wedged into the defense of the front troops between the lakes Velence and Balaton. In early April, the division struck in a northwestern direction around Vienna and, in cooperation with the 6th Guards Tank Army, broke the enemy’s resistance, advanced to the Danube and cut off the enemy’s retreat to the west. The division successfully fought in the city, which continued until April 13.
For breaking through the fortified defense line and capturing the city of Mor, all personnel received the gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 04/26/1945 "for participation in the capture of the city of Vienna", the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Since then, April 26 has been considered the unit's annual holiday.
On May 5, the division was alerted and marched to the Austro-Czechoslovak border. Coming into contact with the enemy, on May 8, she crossed the border of Czechoslovakia and captured the city of Znojmo on the move.
On May 9, the division continued combat operations in pursuit of the enemy and successfully developed the offensive on Retz, Pisek. The division made a march, pursuing the enemy, and in 3 days fought 80-90 km. At 12.00 on May 11, 1945, the division's advance detachment reached the Vltava River and met with the troops of the American 5th Tank Army near the village of Oleshnya. Here the combat path of the division in the Great Patriotic War ended.
History 1945-1979
At the end of hostilities, the division from Czechoslovakia returned to Hungary under its own power. From May 1945 to January 1946 the division was encamped in the woods south of Budapest.
Based on the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1154474ss of 06/03/1946 and the directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. org / 2/247225 of 06/07/1946, by June 15, 1946, the 106th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division, Order of Kutuzov, was reorganized to the 106th Guards Airborne Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division.
From July 1946, the division was stationed in the city of Tula. The division was part of the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps (corps headquarters - Tula).
Based on the directives of the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of September 3, 1948 and January 21, 1949, the 106th Guards Airborne Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division as part of the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps became part of the Airborne Army.
The personnel of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment participated in military parades on Red Square in Moscow, took part in large exercises of the Defense Ministry and in 1955 parachuted near the city of Kutaisi (Transcaucasian Military District).
In 1956, the 38th Guards Airborne Corps of Vienna was disbanded and the division became directly subordinate to the commander of the Airborne Forces.
In 1957, the regiment conducted demonstration exercises with landing for the military delegations of Yugoslavia and India.
Based on the directives of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of March 18, 1960 and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of June 7, 1960 to November 1, 1960:
- the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment (Efremov, Tula Region) was accepted into the 105th Guards Airborne Division of the Vienna Red Banner Division from the 106th Guards Airborne Division;
- The 105th Guards Airborne Division (without the 331st Guards Airborne Regiment) was redeployed to the Turkestan military district in the city of Ferghana, Uzbek SSR;
- The 351st Guards Airborne Regiment was stationed in the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region.
In 1974, the 351st regiment parachuted into one of the regions of Central Asia and participated in the large-scale TurkVO exercises. Being the advanced part of the Airborne Forces of the Central Asian region of the country, the regiment participates in parades in the capital of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
In 1977, the BMD-1 and BTR-D entered service with the 351st Regiment. The personnel of the regiment at that time - 1674 people.
Based on the directive of the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of August 3, 1979, by December 1, 1979, the 105th Guards Airborne Division was disbanded.
From the division remained in the city of Fergana the 345th separate Guards parachute landing regiment of the order of Suvorov of a much larger composition (it was added howitzer artillery battalion) than the usual and the 115th separate military transport aviation squadron.
On the basis of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment of the 105th Guards Airborne Division, by November 30, 1979, in the village of Azadbash (area of the city of Chirchik) of the Tashkent region of the Uzbek SSR, a 56th Separate Guards Air Assault Brigade (56th odshbr). At the time of formation, the staffing of the brigade was 2,833 people.
The rest of the personnel of the division turned to replenish the shortfall in other airborne formations and to resupply the newly formed separate air assault brigades.
For the formation of the brigade, conscripted reserves - the so-called "partisans" - from among the inhabitants of the Central Asian republics and the south of the Kazakh SSR were urgently mobilized. They will subsequently make up 80% of the personnel of the brigade when troops enter the DRA.
The formation of brigade units was simultaneously carried out in 4 mobilization points and completed in Termez:
“...formally, the brigade is considered to be formed in Chirchik on the basis of the 351st Guards. pdp. However, de facto, its formation was carried out separately in four centers (Chirchik, Kapchagay, Ferghana, Iolotan), and brought together into a single whole just before entering Afghanistan in Termez. The headquarters of the brigade (or officer cadre), as formally its cadre, apparently was originally stationed in Chirchik ... "
On December 13, 1979, units of the brigade plunged into trains and were redeployed to the city of Termez, Uzbek SSR.
Participation in the Afghan war
In December 1979, the brigade was introduced to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and became part of the 40th Combined Arms Army.
From Termez 1st pdb and 2nd dshb by helicopters, and the rest in the convoy - were relocated to the city of Kunduz. 4th dshb stayed at the Salang Pass. Then from Kunduz 2nd dshb was transferred to the city of Kandahar, where he became part of the newly formed 70th Separate Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade.
In January 1980, the entire composition was introduced 56th odshbr. She was stationed in the city of Kunduz.
Since the transfer of the 2nd dshb in the 70th brigade, the brigade was actually a regiment of three battalions.
The initial task of the brigade units was to guard and defend the largest highway in the Salang Pass area, to ensure the advance of Soviet troops into the central and southern regions of Afghanistan.
From 1982 to June 1988 56th odshbr deployed in the region of the city of Gardez, conducting combat operations throughout Afghanistan: Bagram, Mazar-i-Sharif, Khanabad, Panjshir, Logar, Aliheil (Paktia). In 1984, the brigade was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the TurkVO for the successful completion of combat missions.
By order of 1985, in mid-1986, all standard airborne armored vehicles of the brigade (BMD-1 and BTR-D) were replaced with more protected armored vehicles with a large motor resource:
- BMP-2 D - for reconnaissance company, 2nd, 3rd and 4th battalion
- BTR-70 - for 2nd and 3rd Airborne Company 1st battalion (at 1st pdr remained BRDM-2).
Also a feature of the brigade was the increased staff of the artillery battalion, which consisted not of 3 firing batteries, as was customary for units stationed on the territory of the USSR, but of 5.
On May 4, 1985, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the brigade was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, No. 56324698.
From December 16, 1987 to the end of January 1988, the brigade took part in Operation Magistral. In April 1988, the brigade took part in Operation Barrier. The paratroopers blocked the caravan routes from Pakistan in order to ensure the withdrawal of troops from the city of Ghazni.
Staffing strength 56th Guards odshbr on December 1, 1986, it was 2452 people (261 officers, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldiers).
After fulfilling the international duty, on June 12-14, 1988, the brigade was withdrawn to the city of Yolotan, Turkmen SSR.
BRDM-2 in the brigade there were only 3 units. as part of the reconnaissance. However, another BRDM-2 was in the chemical platoon and 2 more. in the OPA (propaganda and agitation detachment).
1989 to present
In 1990, the brigade was transferred to the Airborne Forces and reorganized into a separate Guards Airborne (OVDBR). The brigade passed "hot spots": Afghanistan (12.1979-07.1988), Baku (12-19.01.1990 - 02.1990), Sumgayit, Nakhichevan, Meghri, Julfa, Osh, Fergana, Uzgen (06.06.1990), Chechnya (12.94-10.96, Grozny, Pervomaisky, Argun and from 09.1999 - 2005).
On January 15, 1990, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, after a detailed study of the situation, adopted a decision "On declaring a state of emergency in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and some other regions." In accordance with it, the Airborne Forces began the operation, which was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, from January 12 to 19, units of the 106th and 76th airborne divisions, the 56th and 38th airborne brigades and the 217th airborne regiment landed on airfields near Baku (for more details, see . article Black January), and in Yerevan - the 98th Guards Airborne Division. The 39th separate air assault brigade entered Nagorno-Karabakh.
On January 23, airborne units began operations to restore order in other parts of Azerbaijan. In the area of Lankaran, Prship and Jalilabad, they were carried out jointly with the border troops, who restored the state border.
In February 1990, the brigade returned to the place of permanent deployment in the city of Yolotan.
From March to August 1990, units of the brigade maintained order in the cities of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
On June 6, 1990, the landing at airfields in the cities of Ferghana and Osh of the 104th parachute regiment of the 76th airborne division, the 56th airborne brigade began, and on June 8 - the 137th parachute regiment of the 106th airborne division in the city of Frunze. Having made a march on the same day through the mountain passes of the border of the two republics, the paratroopers occupied Osh and Uzgen. The next day, the 387th separate airborne regiment and units 56th Airborne Brigade took control of the situation in the area of the cities of Andijan, Jalal-Abad, occupied Kara-Suu, mountain roads and passes throughout the conflict.
In October 1992, in connection with the sovereignization of the republics of the former USSR, the brigade was relocated to the temporary deployment point of the Zelenchukskaya village of Karachay-Cherekessia (the 4th paratrooper battalion of the brigade remained at the permanent deployment point of Iolotan (Turkmenistan), in order to protect the military camp, later it was transferred to the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and renamed into a separate airborne assault battalion). 56 Guards Ovdbr became three battalions. From there, in 1994, she marched to the place of permanent deployment in the village of Podgori near the city of Volgodonsk, Rostov Region. The territory of the military camp was a former shift camp of the builders of the Rostov NPP, located 3 kilometers from the nuclear power plant.
From December 1994 to August - October 1996, the combined battalion of the brigade fought in Chechnya. On November 29, 1994, an order was sent to the brigade to form a combined battalion and transfer it to Mozdok. The artillery battalion of the brigade took part in late 1995 - early 1996 in the operation near Shatoi. A separate platoon of the AGS-17 brigade from March 1995 to September 1995 as part of the combined battalion of the 7th Guards. VDD took part in a mining company in the Vedeno and Shatoi districts of Chechnya. For their courage and heroism, the servicemen were awarded medals and orders. In October-November 1996, the combined battalion of the brigade was withdrawn from Chechnya. At the request of the Don Cossack Army, the brigade was given the honorary name of the Don Cossack.
In 1997, the brigade was reorganized into 56th Guards Airborne Assault, Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, Don Cossack Regiment, which is included in the .
In July 1998, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, in connection with the resumption of the construction of the Rostov NPP, the 56th regiment began redeployment to the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd Region. The regiment was stationed in the buildings of the Kamyshin Higher Military Construction Command and Engineering School, which was disbanded in 1998.
On August 19, 1999, an air assault detachment from the regiment was sent to reinforce the combined regiment of the 20th Guards Motor Rifle Division and was sent by a letter military echelon to the Republic of Dagestan. On August 20, 1999, the air assault detachment arrived in the village of Botlikh. Later he took part in hostilities in the Republic of Dagestan and the Chechen Republic.
In December 1999, units of the 56th Guards Airborne Infantry Regiment were the first to land on the Russian-Georgian border and subsequently covered the Chechen section of the border with the FPS DShMG.
The battalion tactical group of the regiment fought in the North Caucasus (the place of temporary deployment - the settlement of Khankala) until 2005.
From May 1, 2009 56th Guards Air Assault Regiment became a brigade again. And from July 1, 2010, she moved to a new state and became known as 56th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Order of the Patriotic War of the Don Cossack Brigade (light) .
Brigade reassignment
In connection with the reform of the Airborne Forces, all airborne assault formations were withdrawn from the Ground Forces and subordinated to the Directorate of the Airborne Forces under the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation:
“In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 776 of October 11, 2013 and the directive of the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Airborne Forces included three airborne assault brigades stationed in the cities of Ussuriysk, Ulan-Ude and Kamyshin, formerly part of the Eastern and Southern military districts "
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
The 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War of the First Class, the Don Cossack Airborne Assault Brigade, originates from the 351st Guards Landing Airborne Regiment, formed from June 3 to July 28, 1946 on the basis of units of the 351st and 355th 1st Guards Rifle Regiments and included in the 106th Guards Airborne Division of the 38th Guards Airborne Vienna Corps.
The annual holiday of the brigade set the date of the formation of the 351st Guards Rifle Regiment - January 5, 1945.
In 1949, the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment was renamed the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment.
In 1960, the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment was transferred from the 106th Guards Airborne Division to the 105th Guards Airborne Division.
In 1979, the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment was reorganized into the 56th Guards Separate Airborne Assault Brigade.
In 1989, the 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War First Class Airborne Assault Brigade was reorganized into the 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War First Class Airborne Brigade.
In 1997, the 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War, First Class, the Don Cossack Airborne Brigade was reorganized into the 56th Guards, Order of the Patriotic War, First Class, the Don Cossack Airborne Assault Regiment, which became part of the 20th Guards Motorized Rifle Division.
In 2009, the 56th Guards Order of the Patriotic War, First Class, the Don Cossack Airborne Assault Regiment, was reorganized into the 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War, First Class, the Don Cossack Airborne Assault Brigade.
On July 1, 2010, it was reorganized into the 56th Guards Separate Order of the Patriotic War of the first degree, the Don Cossack Airborne Assault Brigade (light).
II. PARTICIPATION IN CAMPAIGNS, BATTLE, OPERATIONS
From February 20 to 25, 1945, the 351st Guards Rifle Regiment as part of the 106th Guards Rifle Division of the 38th Guards Rifle Corps was transferred to Hungary, where it fought as part of the 9th Guards Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.
March 30, 1945, pursuing the retreating units of the enemy, the regiment crossed the Austro-Hungarian border. Acting on the left flank of the corps, in cooperation with other parts of the corps, he captured several cities and took part in the battles to capture the capital of Austria, the city of Vienna.
On April 23, 1945, the regiment was relieved by units of the 4th Guards Army and taken to rest on the outskirts of the city of Vienna.
On May 5, 1945, the regiment entered the territory of Czechoslovakia with a forced march and participated in the encirclement and defeat of a significant group of Germans.
On May 11, 1945, the regiment went to the banks of the Vltava River (Czechoslovakia), where it met with American troops. Here the combat path of the unit in the Great Patriotic War ended.
During the fighting, the regiment killed 1956, captured 633 enemy soldiers and officers, destroyed 26 tanks, 255 self-propelled guns and guns of various calibers, 11 armored personnel carriers, 1 aircraft and 18 enemy vehicles. 10 tanks, 16 self-propelled guns and guns of various calibers, 3 aircraft, 4 armored personnel carriers, 115 vehicles, 37 warehouses with military equipment were captured.
From June 1945 to November 1979, the regiment (brigade) did not take part in campaigns, battles, or operations.
1979 opened a new page in the battle path of the connection: Soviet troops entered Afghanistan to provide military assistance to the Afghan government in the fight against rebel gangs.
On December 28, 1979, the 4th airborne infantry brigade as part of the 40th army was introduced into the territory of Afghanistan with the task of guarding and defending the Salang Pass and the Salange-Somalia tunnel to ensure the advance of Soviet troops into the southern regions of Afghanistan.
In January 1980, the entire brigade was introduced into the territory of Afghanistan. It is deployed in the area of the city of Kunduz, conducting combat operations throughout Afghanistan.
During the period from January 1980 to December 1981, about 3000 rebels, 3 guns, 6 mortars, 12 cars, 44 pillboxes were destroyed during the fighting. More than 400 rebels were captured, more than 600 infantry units were captured.
From December 1 to December 5, 1981, the brigade was relocated to the area of the city of Gardez, from where it continued to conduct military operations throughout Afghanistan.
During the period from January 1982 to June 1988, about 10,000 rebels, over 40 fortified areas and strongholds, more than 200 guns, rocket launchers and mortars, 47 vehicles, 83 pillboxes, 208 warehouses with military equipment, were destroyed during the hostilities, 45 caravans. More than 1,000 rebels were captured, more than 1,200 small arms and grenade launchers, about 40 guns and mortars, 7 cars, 2 tanks, 85 warehouses with military equipment were captured.
From June 12 to June 14, 1988, the brigade, after fulfilling its international duty, returned to its homeland.
For the successful completion of combat missions, many paratroopers were awarded government awards from the Soviet government and the leadership of the Republic of Afghanistan, and the commander of the paratrooper company of the guard, Senior Lieutenant Sergey Pavlovich Kozlov, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
From July 1988 to December 1989, the brigade did not take part in campaigns, battles, or operations.
During 1990, the brigade performed special tasks in a state of emergency: from January 12 to March 26 - to maintain order in the cities of Baku, Meghri, Lankaran, Kurdamir of the Azerbaijan SSR; from June 5 to August 21 - to maintain order in the city of Uzgen, Kirghiz SSR.
From September 1990 to November 1994, the brigade did not take part in campaigns, battles, or operations.
From December 11, 1994 to October 25, 1996, the battalion tactical group of the brigade carried out combat missions to restore constitutional order in the Chechen Republic.
From November 1996 to July 1999, the brigade (regiment) did not take part in campaigns, battles, or operations.
From August 1999 to June 2000, the regiment, and from June 2000 to November 2004, the battalion tactical group of the regiment carried out combat missions during the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic.
For courage and heroism shown in the performance of combat missions, three servicemen of the unit were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation:
the commander of the reconnaissance company of the guard, Sergeant Vornovskoy Yuri Vasilyevich (posthumously);
Deputy Commander of the Airborne Battalion of the Guards, Major Cherepanov Alexander Leonidovich;
the commander of the reconnaissance company of the guard, Captain Petrov Sergey Vasilievich.
From November 2004 to the present, the regiment (brigade) has not taken part in campaigns, battles, or operations.
III. AWARDS AND DIFFERENCES
The name "Guards", previously assigned to the 351st Rifle Regiment, when it was reorganized into the 351st Landing Airborne Regiment, was also retained by this regiment.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces No. 034 of November 21, 1984, the brigade was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Military Council of the Ground Forces for high results in combat and political training and strengthening military discipline.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 4, 1985, for great merits in the armed defense of the Socialist Motherland, successes in combat and political training, and in connection with the 40th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the brigade was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree.
By order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 0139 dated July 11, 1990, the brigade was awarded the Pennant of the Minister of Defense of the USSR for courage and military prowess shown in carrying out the tasks of the Soviet government and the Minister of Defense of the USSR.
By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 353-17 of April 22, 1994, the brigade was given the name Don Cossack.
IV. DISPOCATION CHANGES
From January to March 1945 - metro Starye Dorogi of the Byelorussian SSR (Belarusian Military District).
From March to June 1945 - Pisek, Czechoslovakia.
From June 1945 to January 1946 - Budapest, Hungary.
From March to May 1946 - the city of Teikovo (Obolsunovo camp) of the Ivanovo Region (Moscow Military District).
From May to October 1946 - Tesnitskoye camp in the Tula region (Moscow military district).
From October 1946 to August 1960 - the city of Efremov, Tula Region (Moscow Military District).
From August 1960 to December 1979 - the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region of the Uzbek SSR (Turkestan military district).
From December 1979 to January 1980 - the Kokaity airfield of the Jarkurgan district of the Surkhan-Darya region of the Uzbek SSR (40th army).
From January 1980 to December 1981 - Kunduz airfield, DRA (40th Army).
From December 1981 to June 1988 - the city of Gardez, DRA (40th Army).
From June 1988 to October 1992 - the city of Iolotan, Mary region of the Turkmen SSR (Turkestan military district, Airborne Forces).
From October 1992 to June 1993 - art. Zelenchukskaya, Karachay-Cherkessia (VDV).
From June 1993 to August 1998 - the city of Volgodonsk, Rostov Region (VDV, North Caucasian Military District).
From August 1998 to the present - the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd Region (North Caucasian Military District).
The main purpose of the light assault brigade is the combined arms reserve. To increase mobility and speed of movement, the brigade has been completely re-equipped with vehicles. The main method of movement is the transfer of personnel and light weapons by air (helicopters), while equipment arrives under its own power. In the presence of a sufficient number of heavy helicopters, the transfer of equipment by air is also possible. In particular, this method of transportation was practiced in 2008 during exercises at the Ashuluk training ground, when GAZ-66 vehicles and D-30 howitzers were transferred to Mi-26s.
The issue of giving helicopters to the brigade is being worked out.
The main type of equipment - UAZ cars
In this case - model 315108 based on Hunter. Machines delivered in August 2010
In "winter clothes"
UAZ-3152 "Hussar" is also in service.
This car was produced in 2006, in the 56th brigade since the winter of 2010 (before that it was operated in the 22nd special forces brigade)
On asphalt, the car eats 18 liters of 92nd gasoline per 100 km, off-road - 23-25 liters
There were no complaints about the permeability
At the autodrome
205-horse Toyota engine under the hood
The engine is covered with such armor plates. Front - armored blinds. The tank is also armored.
Inside view
The roof is very ascetic and shines with bare foam
Landing squad. According to the state, there should be 5 troops and 1 driver in the car
I traveled several kilometers in the troop compartment of the Hussar and have great sympathy for the soldiers whose vehicle it is. Firstly, because of the machine gunner’s platform, one or two paratroopers have to sit like this
You can sit sideways in the direction of travel, but then you need to lean with your back on a friend. Secondly, with my height of 180 cm, I either had to hunch over and bend down, or my head turned out to be in pursuit of the "tower", and in the presence of a spinning machine gun, this is fraught with injuries. I think from the legs of the machine gunner, who will spin around, the legs and eggs of the landing will also not be good
Thirdly, of course, there is a stove in the car, but in reality it warms only the people sitting in front (driver, commander), the rest are quite cool. Not least because of the doors in motion noticeably blowing. The gaps between the awning and the roof are also a good source of drafts, and in the dry season - dust.
Fourthly, we remember that in addition to people in the car, it is necessary to transport their property, i.e. 6 duffel bags, entrenching tool, tent, etc.
It is possible to install three types of weapons - an automatic grenade launcher of the AGS-17 type, a 6P50 "Kord" machine gun or a PKP "Pecheneg" machine gun
In the foreground is the turret under the Kord. Sections for machine gun boxes are provided under the seats
Mounts for various equipment and weapons are provided on the back door, but the first row of belts falls just at the level of the seats and rests against them, so it’s completely incomprehensible to me what can be placed there.
The side doors are equipped with folding windows, so that in the summer you can ride with a breeze, and if you wish, you can fire
To replace unarmored UAZ vehicles, protected vehicles should be supplied to the brigade. If earlier IVECO 65E19WM was planned for this, now it seems that the scales have tipped in favor of domestic "Tigers".
In 2011, the brigade underwent experimental military operation of 10 Scorpion-LSHA vehicles of the Zashchita corporation
The car is 40 cm wider than a regular UAZ, it has an independent suspension. It eats 13 liters of diesel fuel per 100 km on asphalt and about 17 liters off-road. The driver on a 5-point scale rated the cross-country ability as a solid four. He especially noted that it goes very smoothly on the road, especially when the troops are sitting behind, it does not fly on potholes like an UAZ.
Engine armor, like the "Hussar", the car does not have
Inside view.
At the commander's seat there is an opportunity to install a radio station in front, etc. equipment, there is an analogue of a table lamp. If necessary, the frame, together with the windshield, leans back onto the hood and you can fire directly in the direction of travel
For landing, the tailgate leans back
Step
The vehicle can accommodate 7 troops and 1 driver. One of the paratroopers, due to the placement of a spare wheel in the cabin, sits in the direction of travel. Seat belts for paratroopers are not provided.
I suggest changing the upholstery of the seats right away, because. in the driver's seat, after two or three months of operation, it simply rubbed off (see the view below)
This instance of the machine-gun turret is not installed, there is only a shoulder strap for it. I don’t quite understand what the machine gunner will stand on, either on the reclining back of his seat (will there be supports from below?), Or will there be a separate platform, but this is again a wild inconvenience for the rest of the paratroopers
Inside view on video
No automatic tire inflation
Side door
Let me remind you once again that the car was undergoing trial operation, the task of which was to identify shortcomings, which would then be corrected. One of the main problems is the awning: cool in winter and dusty in summer. At the beginning of this year, the next batch of Scorpion hard-top vehicles is expected to be delivered to the brigade for trial operation. What specific model it will be, they could not tell me.
Almost all of the brigade's vehicles are new, received in 2009-2010.
KAMAZ-5350 with a set of additional protection
Staff vehicle based on KAMAZ-5350
With staff trailer for officers' rest
The interior of the headquarters module
Camp trailer for recreation
On the left side of the entrance is a washbasin.
Technical assistance vehicle MTP-A2
Repair and mechanical workshop MRM-MZR
In the foreground is the MTO-AM maintenance vehicle
Airborne troops. The history of the Russian landing Alekhin Roman Viktorovich
COMBAT USE: AFGHANISTAN
COMBAT USE: AFGHANISTAN
On April 1, 1980, the first Panjshir operation began against Ahmad Shah Massoud. It was attended by the 56th brigade (by the forces of the battalion of Captain L. Khabarov) and the 345th Guards Opdp (by the forces of the battalion of Major V. Tsyganov). The factor of surprise and unpreparedness of the Mujahideen for an open clash, as well as the bold and decisive actions of the battalions, played a large role in the success of this operation. During this operation, the commanders of both battalions were injured. Helicopters were used to evacuate the wounded. The 2nd parachute brigade of the 345th regiment in this operation covered about 1000 kilometers through the mountains in 30 days. Based on the results of this operation, training manuals on actions in mountain conditions were written.
In August 1980, the 2nd infantry brigade of the 345th regiment (commander - Major V. Manyuta) took part in a special operation to determine the damaging factors of aviation volumetric detonating ammunition in the Panjshir Gorge.
The 6th and 4th companies were ambushed by Pakistani special forces, so the tasks of the battalion were carried out by the 5th company of Senior Lieutenant A. Bogatyrev. The company competently took a group of Pakistani special forces "black storks" in the amount of about 30 people into a fire bag and was able to destroy them without loss.
In July 1981, units of the 103rd Airborne Division took part in the operation to defeat the base of the Mujahideen in the Lurkokh mountain range.
In the summer of 1982, units of the 103rd Airborne Division took part in an operation in Panjshir against the armed formations of Ahmad Shah Massoud. The operation was led by Major General N. G. Ter-Grigoryants. The grouping of Soviet and Afghan government troops was 12,000 people.
In April 1983, the paratroopers of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division and the 345th Guards Opdp took part in an operation in the Nijrab Gorge (Kapisa Province). The operation was led by the deputy commander of the 40th Army, Major General L. E. Generalov. The operation involved 21 battalions, including 5 paratroopers.
On April 19, 1984, an operation began in the Panjshir Gorge against a large group of field commander Ahmad Shah Massoud. The fighting was first launched by the landing of a large landing force, which cut off the retreat of the Mujahideen into the mountains. The troops landed by helicopter on the mountain slopes, setting up posts that provided cover for the troops moving along the lowlands.
From May 3 to June 9, 1984, the 328th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 104th Guards Airborne Division was in Afghanistan. The regiment's airlift was more like a major airborne exercise. After the transfer, the regiment took part in several combat operations, after which it returned to the point of permanent deployment. I am more than sure that these were large-scale exercises to test the combat readiness of the airborne forces located in the Soviet Union - while the paratroopers entered into a real combat clash with the enemy. Why not exercises "as close as possible to combat"?
In October 1984, the 345th Guards Opdp and the 56th Airborne Brigade took part in the operation to capture and destroy bases and warehouses of the Mujahideen in the area of the district center of Urgezi (Paktia province). A large number of weapons and ammunition were seized. The operation took place without losses for the Soviet troops.
In the summer of 1985, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division takes part in an operation in the province of Kunar. The fighting was distinguished by its scope and ferocity along the entire length of the gorge - from Jalalabad to Barikota (170 km). At the same time, a large-scale operation under the conditional name "Desert" is taking place. According to the plan of the operation, on July 16, units of the 345th Guards Opdp, unexpectedly for the enemy, landed by helicopter in the Mikini Gorge, located in the northeastern part of Panjshir. Having first put up stubborn resistance to the paratroopers, the Mujahideen fled under the threat of encirclement. On the battlefield, they left weapons, ammunition, food and equipment. At the base of the Mujahideen, paratroopers discovered an underground prison.
In April 1986, the 56th brigade conducted a major operation near the city of Khost. During the hostilities, 252 Mujahideen fortified firing positions were destroyed, 6,000 anti-tank and 12,000 anti-personnel mines were neutralized and destroyed, hundreds of missiles and rocket launchers, thousands of rocket and artillery shells were captured. According to combat reports, over 2,000 Mujahideen were killed during the fighting.
In March 1987, the 38th separate airborne assault brigade arrives in Afghanistan, again as part of a major airborne exercise. After arriving, the 38th brigade, together with units of the 56th brigade, takes part in Operation Thunderstorm in the province of Ghazni. The paratroopers from Brest stayed in Afghanistan for no more than three months, after which they left for a permanent deployment point, having completed several combat missions during their stay in the DRA.
Also in March 1987, three battalions of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division in the provinces of Kabul and Logar conduct Operation Circle. In April, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, also with the help of three battalions, conducts Operation Spring in the province of Kabul.
On May 20, 1987, seven airborne battalions in the provinces of Logar, Paktia and Kabul conduct a large-scale operation "Volley". Three battalions from the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, two battalions from the 56th Airborne Brigade and two battalions from the 345th Guards Airborne Regiment are involved in this operation. The next day, in the province of Kandahar, two battalions of the 38th brigade conduct operation "South-87".
In November 1987, Operation Highway began, with the goal of unlocking the city of Khost, surrounded by rebels. In addition to the ground forces, the 103rd Airborne Division, the 56th Airborne Brigade and the 345th Guards Opdp participated in it. Thanks to skillful and decisive actions, the paratroopers captured the Satykandov pass and defeated a large Mujahideen base south of the pass. This played a decisive role in defeating the enemy and taking Khost. During this operation, the command of the 40th Army used a military trick - a false airborne assault was landed on the areas of possible location of enemy air defense systems from a high altitude. About fifty sandbags hung in the air on landing parachutes. The rebels opened fire on the "landing" from all trunks. As a result, aviation reconnaissance quickly and efficiently revealed the locations of most firing points.
On April 14, 1988, the Geneva Accords were signed between the USSR, the USA and Pakistan on Afghanistan. The USSR undertook to withdraw Soviet troops from Afghanistan starting May 15, 1988.
On June 23, 1988, the 345th Guards Opdp takes part in hostilities in the Faizabad area. The column of the regiment, having overcome the Salang pass, made an 850-kilometer march and ensured the successful start of the military operation. The operation took place with minimal losses of personnel and military equipment of the regiment. The enemy lost more than 180 people killed.
During January 21-24, 1989, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division was completely withdrawn from Afghanistan. And in February, the 345th Guards Opdp, commanded by Colonel V. A. Vostrotin (one of the few who first entered Afghanistan and the last to leave Afghanistan), crossed the border of the USSR.
Only the 103rd Guards Airborne Division for the entire period of hostilities lost 907 people killed in Afghanistan, ten were missing. 16 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union. For the successful completion of government assignments in 1980, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division was awarded the Order of Lenin.
The 345th Guards PDP lost 386 people in the DRA, and eight more were missing.
During the entire period of the Afghan war, 39,527 tactical airborne assaults were landed - while 794,680 people were transported. Basically, these were landings of small groups of special forces, but there were also large landings. In general, the airborne units in Afghanistan justified their mission.
In January 1980, the remaining units of the 56th brigade entered Afghanistan, and until December 1981 the brigade was stationed in Kunduz. By the end of 1981, the brigade was relocated to Gardez, the second battalion to Kandahar, where it stayed until 1986, after arriving in that command area and units, the 22nd Special Forces Battalion departed for Gardez, the third battalion departed for the Baraki-barak area. The brigade during the entire period of its stay in Afghanistan conducted active hostilities, as a result of which it destroyed (according to official data) 13,000 rebels. The loss of the brigade amounted to about 400 people killed and 15 missing. The size of the brigade during its stay in the DRA did not exceed 2800 people. The number of two battalions that are part of the motorized rifle brigades was about 450 people.
The units of the brigade and battalions were often used for their "landing assault" mission, landing by helicopters on mountain passes (or other hard-to-reach places), implementing the principle of "vertical coverage", which the fathers of the General Staff had been striving for so long.
For the landing, the Mi-8t and Mi-6 helicopter regiments in service were used. Heavy Mi-6 vehicles were used only when the enemy air defense countermeasures were reduced to zero, because the loss of such a vehicle could result in a mass death of the landing force. If the Mi-6s were involved in combat operations, then they went in the second echelon of the landing and arrived in the landing area when the enemy's resistance had already been suppressed.
Large tactical landings were used during all Panjshir operations from 1982 to 1988, in 1985 in the Mazar-i-Sharif region, where GAZ-66, UAZ-469 vehicles, 120-mm mortars, D-30 howitzers and ammunition were delivered by helicopters.
Mi-6s were also used in the sensational operation in the Safed-Sanga area, when in 1982 the air assault battalion of the 66th brigade, the battalion of the 56th brigade and the 459th special forces company landed in Iran to perform a special task. Upon returning from this operation, the Mi-6 was shot down, in which only the crew was. The crew commander, Major Ryzhkov, was able to land the emergency vehicle. The rebels tried to destroy the helicopter pilots, but the Mi-8t of the search and rescue service, which had sat down, managed to pick up the downed crew in time. The abandoned Mi-6 was shot by NURS from Mi-8t helicopters.
During the withdrawal of OKSV from Afghanistan, the crews of four Mi-6 helicopters of the 280th Helicopter Regiment were involved in the delivery of personnel from the garrisons of Ghazni, Gardez, Vagram and Jalalabad to Kabul, from where they were sent to the USSR. By that time, the transportation of people on the Mi-6 to OKSVA was prohibited (this blood-paid experience, however, did not benefit the Russian generals in the future - everyone remembers the death of 120 people in the Mi-26 helicopter shot down in Chechnya), but the commander of the Air Force 40- Major General D.S. Romanyuk gave a special permission to the First Army for “demobilization” flights, ordering to supply each passenger with a parachute (and in Chechnya this was completely ignored). 50 people were taken on board, one or two flights back and forth per night, and in a month four helicopters took out about 7 thousand military personnel. Like it or not, this is also an "airborne" operation.
During the period of hostilities, the crews of almost all helicopter regiments of the USSR visited Afghanistan. Helicopter pilots at the cost of losing 333 rotorcraft and the corresponding number of crews received "invaluable combat experience."
In total, more than 700 tactical airborne assault forces were landed in Afghanistan with the involvement of units of the 56th brigade, while more than 40 thousand people were transported by helicopters. If we take the ratio of combat sorties of helicopters to their mission, then the distribution is as follows: 55% falls on transport and landing sorties, 25% on fire support for troops, 13% on special missions and 7% on aerial reconnaissance.
The air assault units that took part in the Afghan war gave the country one Hero of the Soviet Union - Senior Lieutenant S. Kozlov from the 56th brigade.
After the end of hostilities in Afghanistan, the 56th airborne assault brigade was withdrawn to Iolotan, from where it was redeployed a little later to the Volgograd region. The air assault battalions of the 66th and 70th brigade, after the withdrawal of formations to the Union, due to the lack of need for them, were disbanded.
By the beginning of 1980, a limited contingent of Soviet troops had already been introduced into Afghanistan, the basis of which was the units and formations of the 40th Army and the Airborne Forces: 5th Guards MSD, 108th MSD, 201st MSD, 103rd Guards Airborne Forces, 345th opdp, 56th odshbr, 2nd zrbr, 353rd abr. There were no special forces in these formations. The command did not find a sphere of combat use for the special forces, since it was believed that the main task (the assault on Amin's palace) had already been completed, and everything else simply did not correspond to the combat mission of the special forces.
By the way, for organizing the combat use of the 154th separate special forces detachment, Colonel V.V. Kolesnik received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, thus becoming the first Hero in the GRU special forces.
However, back in December 1979, in Chirchik, on the basis of the 15th brigade under the leadership of Colonel A.P. Beregovoy, the 459th separate special-purpose company of 112 people was formed for the 40th army. Captain Rafis Rafakovich Latypov was appointed company commander. In February 1980, the company was introduced into Afghanistan and deployed in Kabul until August 15, 1988, after which it was withdrawn to Samarkand.
Until April 1980, the company was engaged in screening operations, flying all over Afghanistan in helicopters, but in April the head of the GRU, Colonel General Ivashutin, flew into the 40th Army, who ordered Latypov to conduct a purely “special forces” exit, preparation for which took several days. The plan of the operation provided for the group to land in the area of the Pakistani border and conduct reconnaissance of the area. In the evening, at the junction of daylight and darkness, an Mi-8t helicopter attempted to disembark the group, which was unsuccessful. The helicopter in the highlands simply could not land because of the fear that it would not be possible to take off later. The next evening, nevertheless, they managed to land the group in a dry riverbed 15 kilometers from the reconnaissance area. For three days the group circled around the village and eventually caught the eye of a local resident. A fighter from the head patrol shot a local, and a few hours later the group, pursued by a local self-defense detachment, went to the landing site, from where they were evacuated by an arriving helicopter. The group commander, Lieutenant Somov, personally reported to Akhromeev about the results of this reconnaissance.
As a result of the successful assault on Amin's palace, the work of the 459th separate special forces company of the 40th Army and in view of the prospect of a significant complication of the situation in Afghanistan, the head of the GRU, General Ivashutin, on January 7, 1980, suggested that the chief of the General Staff consider the formation of the bases of the Transcaucasian and Central Asian military districts by 1 March 1980 "to perform special tasks in crisis situations on the territory of Afghanistan" one more "special detachment" of 677 people each.
It was planned to immediately introduce the 154th and two new detachments into Afghanistan and use them to fight the opponents of the existing regime during "special events", namely the elimination of the heads of anti-government groups, operations to seize caravans and weapons depots.
In March 1980, the 154th ooSpN was understaffed and again introduced into Afghanistan. The place of permanent deployment of the 154th detachment is the settlement of Aibak in the province of Samangan. The detachment was also armed with BTR-60pb and BMP-1. Major Stoderevsky Igor Yuryevich was appointed commander of the detachment. From the first days of their stay in the DRA, the task of the detachment was to protect the fuel pipeline, which ran from the border with the USSR to Puli-Khumri.
In January 1980, in the Central Asian military district in Kapchagay, the 177th separate special-purpose detachment of the same composition as the 154th was formed by the forces and funds of the 22nd Special Forces.
By February 29, 1980, in the Transcaucasian Military District in Lagodekhi, the 173rd separate special forces detachment was formed on the basis of the 12th brig.
Both new detachments are mainly staffed by people from the Central Asian and Transcaucasian republics.
The composition of the 173rd ooSpN in March 1980 was as follows:
Detachment management;
Separate communication group;
Anti-aircraft artillery group (four ZSU-23-4 "Shilka");
1st reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
2nd reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
3rd reconnaissance and landing company on BMD-1 (10 BMD-1);
4th company AGS-17 (three fire platoons of three squads - 18 AGS-17, 10 BTR-70);
5th company of special weapons (flamethrower group RPO "Lynx", mining group on the BTR-70);
6th company - transport.
But, despite the decisions made at the highest level, the entry of the 173rd and 177th detachments into Afghanistan dragged on for a long time. The 177th detachment is introduced into Afghanistan only a year and a half after the introduction of the first detachment - in October 1981. The locality of Maymen in the province of Faryab was initially chosen as the place of deployment. However, both the 154th and 177th detachments, until 1984, were mainly engaged in protecting the pipeline, the mountain pass and providing the wiring of the columns. Only episodically, the detachments carried out cautious ambushes on small groups of rebels in the immediate vicinity of their places of deployment, however, with more than modest results. In fact, at that time, special forces units were ordinary motorized rifle battalions. Moreover, the detachments had the classified names of the 1st (154th ooSpN) and 2nd (177th ooSpN) "separate motorized rifle battalions."
There is information that during this period, reconnaissance groups of the 15th brig. 328th Airborne Regiment and 38th Airborne Assault Brigade).
In 1982, the 177th Special Forces was transferred to Rukh (Panjshir), then, a few months later, to Gulbahar. Such frequent movements of the entire detachment with all the property and the entire economy could not but affect the effectiveness of its actions - there were simply no results.
In 1982, on the basis of the 24th detachment of Special Forces of the Trans-Baikal Military District, the 282nd separate special forces detachment was deployed at the Olovyannaya station, which is undergoing combat training for operations in mountainous desert areas, but for a number of different reasons (mainly it was another aggravation of the Soviet Chinese relations), this detachment was not sent to Afghanistan, but was reassigned to the 14th brigade with the transfer in 1987 to the city of Khabarovsk.
In the meantime, the special forces were spending their usual combat days in Afghanistan. In February-March 1983, the 154th ooSpN with the forces of 300 people, together with the 395th motorized rifle division of the 201st motorized rifle division, took part in the destruction of the rebel base in the Mormole gorge in the Mazar-i-Sharif region. The special forces cleared the area where the base was located, conducted reconnaissance, including reconnaissance in force. For 9 days of the operation, the detachment lost 18 people wounded, of which 12 people returned to duty.
On the night of January 14, 1984, on the Sorubi plateau near the village of Vaka, a reconnaissance detachment of the 177th ooSpN was ambushed. As a result of a fierce battle, the losses of the reconnaissance detachment amounted to 14 killed and several wounded. The special forces in Afghanistan have not yet suffered such losses. In the spring of 1984, on the same plateau, the special forces group of the 154th ooSpN was almost completely destroyed.
In February 1984, when crossing the Kabul River, an armored group led by Captain Grigory Bykov (Grisha "Kunarsky") drowned in a strong stream two BTR-70s of the 154th ooSpN, as a result of which 11 scouts died. For this, the commander of the detachment, Major Portnyagin, was removed from his post, who was replaced by Captain Dementyev, sent from the 56th Airborne Brigade. For several days they searched for the drowned scouts. Two bodies were found and returned by the rebels when asked to do so.
By 1984, the command of the OKSV realized that in order to reduce the combat activity of the opposition, it was necessary not to carry out military operations involving a huge mass of troops, but only to intercept the caravans with weapons that were going to Afghanistan from Pakistan and Iran. Highly mobile and daring special forces units were best suited to solve these tasks, especially since the 459th Special Forces had already proven itself on the positive side, performing tasks of this kind.
There was a plan to create the so-called "border zone" "Veil" along the Jalalabad - Ghazni - Kandahar line. With the help of this border zone, the command of the 40th Army planned to block about 200 caravan routes along which the rebels brought weapons and ammunition from Pakistan. To implement this plan, the number of special forces in Afghanistan was not enough - there was a need for at least one more special forces detachment.
In the winter of 1984, the 177th ooSpN was transferred to Ghazni, after which the detachment no longer changed its location. In Ghazni, young officers are joining the detachment - graduates of the RVVDKU and intelligence faculties of combined arms schools. The combat effectiveness of the detachment with the arrival of trained special forces officers increased significantly.
In 1984, the 154th oSpN was transferred to Jalalabad to conduct combat operations corresponding to the implementation of the Veil plan.
As a result of long deliberations, it was nevertheless decided to deploy the 173rd Special Forces in Afghanistan, which had been ready for deployment for four years. During all this time, the detachment practically transformed into an ordinary motorized rifle battalion, and only immediately before sending it to Afghanistan, several officers - graduates of the RVVDKU - entered the detachment.
By directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 312/2/021 of January 14, 1984, the 173rd ooSpN was sent to Afghanistan, which it entered on February 10, 1984. The city of Kandahar in the south of Afghanistan was determined as the place of its deployment. The detachment received the name "3rd separate motorized rifle battalion" and the zone of responsibility "South". To transfer combat experience to the detachment, one reconnaissance group of the 459th separate company arrived, with which the officers of the detachment went on missions several times. In particular, the detachment was assisted by special forces officers Turuntaev and Ivanov, who had already won back in Afghanistan.
In May 1984, having gained some combat experience, the structure of the 173rd ooSpN was reorganized. The 4th and 5th companies were disbanded, and the 4th weapon groups were formed from the released personnel in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd companies. In the 1st company, instead of the BMP-1, they put the BMP-2, and the 2nd and 3rd were transferred from the BTR-60pb to the more unpretentious BTR-70. The mining group became separate. Later, in 1985, an engineering platoon was introduced into the staff of the detachment, which, together with the mining group, formed the 4th company.
In the interests of special forces, the 897th separate company of reconnaissance and signaling equipment began to operate. Branches of the company were attached to special forces.
At the end of 1984, in the Mazar-i-China region in the province of Nangarhar, two companies of the 154th Special Forces, which were personally led by the detachment commander Major A. M. Dementyev, together with a detachment of the Pashtun tribe Mohmand, waited two days in ambush for a caravan that left Pakistan. Scouts and Pashtuns allowed the caravan to be drawn into the entire depth of the ambush, after which they proceeded to destroy it. A few hours later the caravan was completely packed. Among the rubble from the corpses of donkeys and horses, 220 killed rebels were found. Thanks to the suddenness and competent organization of the ambush, the commandos had no losses.
The fact that the stake on special-purpose units was made correctly was confirmed by the results of the combat activities of the operating units. But the replenishment of the armed formations of the opposition with weapons from neighboring countries continued to grow at a rapid pace, and therefore the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces decided to send another special forces detachment to Afghanistan.
On September 15, 1984, the 668th ooSpN arrived in Bagram from the 9th ObrSpN of the Kyiv Military District. This detachment no longer had a pronounced "Muslim" nationality and was formed mainly from the Slavs. If by this time the operating detachments had their so-called areas of responsibility, then the 668th ooSpN (named the 4th separate motorized rifle battalion for the sake of secrecy) was decided to be left in the operational reserve of the headquarters of the 40th army and used throughout Afghanistan in the event of need. The detachment stayed in this position for six months, and only in March 1985, when the headquarters of the brigades were introduced into Afghanistan, the detachment was transferred to the 15th detachment of Special Forces and relocated on March 6 to an area 11 kilometers northeast of the village of Baraki-Barak in the village of Sufla .
The 668th ooSpN was located not far from the Barakinsky "zelenka" on the side of the mountain, along with a separate air assault battalion of the 56th airborne brigade, whose headquarters was in Gardez. The detachment was also given a battery of D-30 howitzers and a battery of Grad multiple rocket launchers. The personnel were placed in dugouts, which had a double-triple roll of logs and were additionally covered with armor plates. This was due to the fact that the rebels almost every night subjected the location of the detachment to shelling with rockets. The detachment blocked 98 pack mountain trails leading from Pakistan. The detachment did not have its own helicopters, so the groups worked at a distance of about 30 kilometers, and made overflights on helicopters that flew in from Ghazni.
In February 1985, KhAD managed, through its agents, to organize the arrival in a small village of the most influential opposition leader in eastern Afghanistan, Pisha, and several other field commanders, ostensibly for negotiations. At night, a reconnaissance detachment of the 154th ooSpN entered the village, which in a short time in a night battle destroyed Pisha and 28 other influential field commanders, along with their guards. As a result of this daring operation, the activities of the opposition in eastern Afghanistan were reduced to zero for a whole month. The initiative in the battle was provided to the special forces by night vision devices, which the other side did not have.
At the end of 1984, the General Staff decides to send several more special forces to Afghanistan. Since the number of detachments for the reconnaissance directorate of the 40th Army exceeded all conceivable limits, it was also decided to introduce brigade headquarters into Afghanistan that would be responsible for the general management of the actions of subordinate detachments, and also to deploy a group at the army headquarters that would manage the activities of special units. destination. Subsequently, this group was codenamed "Screen".
In the special forces brigades on the territory of the USSR, they began to form separate detachments specifically for Afghanistan:
In Olovyannaya (Transbaikalia) in 1984, on the basis of the 24th detachment of Special Forces of the Transbaikal Military District, the 281st separate special forces detachment was deployed, the detachment was not sent to Afghanistan;
In Maryina Gorka (Belarus), at the beginning of 1985, on the basis of the 5th detachment of Special Forces of the Belarusian Military District, the 334th separate special forces detachment was formed, the commander of which was Major V. Ya. Terentyev. In March, the detachment was sent to the DRA and became part of the 15th brigade;
In Izyaslav (Ukraine), on the basis of the 8th detachment of Special Forces of the Carpathian Military District, in February 1985, the 186th separate special forces detachment was formed, the commander of which was appointed Lieutenant Colonel K. K. Fedorov. The detachment was transferred to the 40th Army on March 31, 1985 and organizationally became part of the 22nd Brigade. The place of deployment of the detachment was the settlement of Shahdzhoy;
In Chuchkovo, on the basis of the 16th special forces detachment of the Moscow Military District, the 370th separate special forces detachment was formed, the commander of which was Major I.M. Krot, the detachment became part of the 22nd brigade.
All detachments were formed according to a special "Afghan" state, according to which the detachment had 538 personnel (which is two times more than in a regular state).
According to the decisions made on February 22, 1985, the commander of the 22nd Special Forces Special Forces of the Central Asian Military District, Colonel D.M. The 525th separate special-purpose detachment, staffed according to peacetime states, remained at the place of permanent deployment of the brigade (soon it will be reduced to a separate company). On the night of March 14-15, 1985, a convoy of the 22nd Special Forces Special Forces, as part of the brigade administration and a special radio communications detachment, crossed the border with Afghanistan through Kushka and on March 19, 1985, arrived in Lashkargah at the place of the paratrooper battalion, which changed its deployment.
The 370th oSpN entered the DRA on the night of March 15-16 and soon arrived at the location of the headquarters of the 22nd brigade;
The 186th oSpN entered the DRA on April 7, 1985, and on its own through Kabul on April 16 arrived in Shahdzhoy.
The 173rd ooSpN was also included in the 22nd brigade.
In March 1985, the 15th Special Forces Special Forces of the Turkestan Military District, led by Colonel V. M. Babushkin, was also introduced into Afghanistan.
Together with the command of the 15th brigade, a detachment of special radio communications of the brigade and the 334th ooSpN were introduced into Afghanistan. The brigade administration and a special radio communications detachment were located in Jalalabad along with the 154th ooSpN.
The 334th Special Forces was located in the village of Asadabad, in the province of Kunar. The location of the detachment was considered unsuccessful. The detachment was subjected to mortar and rocket attacks from the rebels almost every night (as was the 668th detachment). The 15th brigade also included the 177th and 668th separate detachments.
Observing the regime of secrecy, separate special forces were called "separate motorized rifle battalions", and special forces brigades - "separate motorized rifle brigades". Also, these names were associated with the fact that the personnel of the detachments were put on armored vehicles in a special state.
With the advent of brigades in Afghanistan, the following tasks were set for the GRU special forces:
Finding ways to transfer weapons and equipment for the rebels from the territory of Pakistan, Iran and China;
Search and destruction of enemy weapons, ammunition and food depots;
Organization of ambushes and destruction of caravans;
Reconnaissance, transferring information to the command about the detachments of the rebels, their movements, capturing prisoners and interrogating them;
Elimination of rebel leaders and their instructors;
Particular attention to identifying and capturing MANPADS from the enemy;
Destruction of pockets of resistance, especially in the border areas.
By the summer of 1985, the grouping of special forces units of the GRU General Staff in Afghanistan included seven separate special forces, a separate special forces company, two special radio communications detachments and two headquarters of special forces brigades, one detachment was under formation.
Management of the 15th ObrSpN (1st Omsbr) of the military unit No. 71351 Jalalabad:
OSRS Jalalabad;
154th ooSpN (1st Omsb) military unit No. 35651 Jalalabad, Dr. A. M. Dementiev;
334th ooSpN (5th Omsb) military unit No. 83506 Asadabad, Dr. G. V. Bykov;
177th ooSpN (2nd omsb) military unit p. No. 43151 Ghazni, Mr. A. M. Popovich;
668th ooSpN (4th Omsb) military unit No. 44653 Soufla in the Baraki-Barak area, post office M. I. Ryzhik.
Management of the 22nd ObrSpN (2nd Omsbr) of the military unit No. 71521 Lashkargah;
Campaign Squad;
OSRS Lashkargah;
173rd ooSpN (3rd Omsb) military unit No. 96044 Kandahar, Dr. T.Ya. Mursalov;
370th ooSpN (6th Omsb) military unit No. 83428 Lashkargah, Mr. I. M. Krot;
186th ooSpN (7th Omsb) military unit No. 54783 Shahdzhoy, Ph.D. A. I. Likhidchenko;
411th ooSpN (8th Omsb) military unit No. 41527 Farahrud - was in the process of formation.
And also companies:
459th OrSpN military unit No. 44633 (RU 40th OA), Kabul;
897th ORRSA military unit No. 34777 (RU 40th OA), Kabul.
The units introduced into Afghanistan almost immediately began to carry out combat missions.
On April 20, 1985, companies of the 334th Special Forces Detachment advanced into the Maravar Gorge, with the task of combing the village of Sangam, in which the reconnaissance post of the rebels was supposedly located. It was assumed that no more than 10 people could be in this post, and therefore the task was considered more like a training one, which was reflected in the order.
Captain Nikolai Nesterovich Tsebruk commanded the first company (shortly before that, he, along with part of the personnel, arrived in the 334th detachment from the 14th detachment of the Far Eastern Military District). The 2nd and 3rd companies were supposed to support the 1st company in the event of an emergency. In addition, there was an armored group nearby, ready to immediately move to the rescue. At five o'clock in the morning on April 21, the head patrol entered the village. Following it included two groups of the first company. Soon, after a thorough inspection of the village, it turned out that there were no rebels there. From the commander of the 334th detachment, an order was received to advance to the village of Daridam, which was located a little further. There, the company disappeared from the field of vision of the covering units, and almost immediately the head group of Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov met two rebels who began to leave towards the village of Netav. Kuznetsov rushed after them and ran into a significant force of rebels and soldiers of the Pakistani special forces "Black Stork" in the village. A fight ensued. Tsebruk, hearing the shots, took four fighters and advanced to the battlefield to help. The commander of the 3rd company saw how the rebels entered the 1st company from the rear, and tried to correct the situation on their own, but, having met massive fire, was forced to retreat to their previous positions. The armored group called for help fell into a minefield and could not approach the battlefield.
During the battle, Lieutenant Kuznetsov pulled the wounded ensign Igor Bakhmutov to a safe place and returned to his subordinates. In battle, he destroyed 12 rebels, but was wounded in the leg, surrounded, and at the last moment, when the enemy came close to him, he blew himself up with a grenade. His body was not identified for a long time. Subsequently, Nikolai Anatolyevich Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The two groups of the first company fought in complete encirclement, seeing that no one could come to their aid. Several times the 3rd company tried to unblock, but each time was forced to retreat, meeting heavy fire from the rebels.
Afghan rebels and Pakistani special forces competently took the company into a fire bag and proceeded to destroy it. Only a few scouts managed to break out of the encirclement. Ensign Igor Bakhmutov was the first to leave with his jaw torn by a bullet and with an APS in his hand. It was not possible to get any information from him about what was going on. Then private Vladimir Turchin came out, who in battle was able to hide in a ditch and saw how his comrades were finished off by "spirits". He came with a grenade without a ring clutched in his hand, which for a long time they could not pull out of their fingers closed with fear. Subsequently, in 1991, on behalf of the permanent Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, Turchin received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and underwent mental rehabilitation for a long time from the stress he had experienced. Currently works in the administration of the Moscow region.
Also, the commander of the second group, Lieutenant Kotenko, went to the location of our troops. Subsequently, Kotenko was transferred from the active detachment to the headquarters of the 40th Army.
Seven surrounded scouts (Gavrash, Kukharchuk, Vakulyuk, Marchenko, Muzyka, Mustafin and Boychuk), preferring death to Dushman captivity, blew themselves up with an OZM-72 mine. From a bullet in the neck, the company commander, Captain N.N. Tsebruk, also died in battle. Local residents helped the rebels finish off the wounded commandos.
By the afternoon of April 21, the battle had ceased. The 1st company suffered heavy losses - two reconnaissance groups were almost completely destroyed, a total of 26 people died. Three more people of the 334th detachment died within two days, when, under the fire of the rebels, the mutilated bodies of scouts were carried out from the battlefield. Assistance in the removal of the bodies of the dead was provided by a company of the 154th detachment under the leadership of Captain Lyuty. After this battle, for a long time, the 334th detachment was actually unfit for combat. People were psychologically broken. They were waiting for another war, but the war turned out to be not the same as the movies were made about it ...
On the night of September 20-21, 1985, the RGSpN No. 333 of the 173rd ooSpN under the command of senior lieutenant Sergei Krivenko, after landing from helicopters, after ambushing the Sherjanak-Kandahar road, destroyed a car and four American advisers traveling in it with guards. This later became clear from the captured documents of one of them - Charles Thornton. From this incident, Soviet propaganda made the most of what was possible - articles appeared in the national newspapers that the Americans were sending their military representatives to Afghanistan with all the ensuing consequences.
At the end of 1985, in order to block the Iranian border from the western side, involving the personnel of the 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 70th Motorized Rifle Brigade, the 411th ooSpN was formed in Shindand, which was called the "8th separate motorized rifle battalion". Captain A. G. Fomin was appointed commander of the detachment. By the end of the year, the detachment was transferred to Farah, from where it began to work as intended.
At the end of January 1986, the 154th and 334th Special Forces, together with the battalion of the 66th Motorized Rifle Brigade, captured the Goshta fortified area for two days. Fire suppression was carried out by a battery of D-30 howitzers, a Grad battery and the 335th helicopter regiment. The losses of troops during the assault on the UR amounted to two people killed (an infantryman and a helicopter gunner). As a result of the assault, a large number of weapons and ammunition were captured.
On March 19, 1986, the reconnaissance detachment of the 15th Special Forces Special Forces landed in helicopters during the day at the rebels' transshipment point near the village of Kulala. During the battle, scouts under the command of the assistant chief of the operational department of the headquarters of the 15th Special Forces Special Forces, Senior Lieutenant Sergei Konstantinovich Lukyanov, destroyed 10 rebels who tried to hold back the advance of the special forces with fire from a place. In the battle, the special forces suffered losses - five scouts died: V. Kovalenko, P. Rozhnovsky, A. Kushnirov, V. Osipov, M. Mochernyuk.
On March 28, 1986, reconnaissance detachments of the 334th and 154th ooSpN crossed the Kunar River and captured the dominant heights in the Karera area. For an hour, scouts, using night vision devices, studied and clarified the situation in the area of Mount Spinai, on which the base camp of the rebels was located. Then they quickly carried out its capture, destroying the sentries from silent weapons. Lukyanov, who participated in the operation, captured a prisoner, who testified that there was another, larger base camp nearby. Thanks to this information, another camp was captured and destroyed. Soon, the scouts managed to quietly approach the firing position of the DShK and capture it. On the morning of March 29, the rebels made desperate attempts to recapture the camp, but thanks to the skillful organization of the battle, all enemy attacks were repulsed. The scouts used the ammunition captured in the warehouses of the rebels, and therefore "did not spare the cartridges."
At the height of the day, the units of the Afghan army, covering the scouts, abandoned their positions for no apparent reason and retreated. At 2 p.m. the order to withdraw was received. The retreat was left to cover the group of Senior Lieutenant Alexander Niherev (he arrived in Afghanistan from the 14th Special Forces and will die in six months in the black mountains near Jalalabad). It turned out to be difficult to retreat - three DShKs were already aiming at the special forces, and the rebels came close. Lukyanov, the chief of staff of the 154th oSpN, Major Anatoly Pyatunin (three years later he died in a Tallinn hospital after amputation of both legs) and about twenty other scouts were wounded. Soon two Mi-8s arrived and took away the wounded.
The work of helicopters was complicated by the proximity of the Pakistani border, which could have its consequences, but the deputy commander of the 335th helicopter regiment, Yuri Ivanovich Vladykin, having received a request from one of the group commanders for help, threw it on the air, knowing that all his conversations were being recorded and then they would be tapped by the military prosecutor's office: “I understood the task, I can’t work, I forbid working, repeat my maneuvers ...!” Then he brought the helicopter into a dive and opened fire on the rebels. Under a barrage of helicopter fire, the rebels began to retreat.
By evening, trucks with "commandos" began to pull up from Pakistani territory to Karera. Helicopter pilots went along the column and processed it with NURSs. When the Pakistani Cougars arrived, the helicopter pilots did not touch them. "Puma" began to land troops on the dominant heights. At night, helicopters covered the operation to carry out the wounded and killed. The next night, this operation was repeated: they were looking for lost scouts, as well as wounded and dead comrades.
In total, in the battle in the Karera area, the 154th ooSpN lost ten people killed (translator senior lieutenant X. D. Rozykov, junior sergeant M. N. Razlivaev, fr. V. Egorov, A. V. Podolyan, V. B. Einoris, V. V. Yakuta), two more (Moskvinov and Buza) were missing, but later it was found that during the battle they were killed, and the rebels captured their bodies were taken to Pakistan.
In 1986, the 173rd detachment carried out a number of successful raids on large base areas of the rebels: "Khadigar Mountains", "Vasatichignai", "Chinartu" and others. These areas were completely cleared of the rebels, the infrastructure was destroyed, and as a result, the base became centers opposition to the existing regime ceased to exist. During the capture of the Vasatichignai fortified base area, Sergeant Valery Viktorovich Arsenov, during the shelling, covered the commander of the 3rd company, senior lieutenant A. Kravchenko. For his feat, Sergeant Arsenov was posthumously awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The operation in the fortified area "Chinartu" was carried out without losses as a result of a well-planned and well-executed raid. The reconnaissance detachment of the 173rd ooSpN landed in helicopters directly on the fortified area, in which there were no more than 70 people. The whole operation took 8 hours. A large number of weapons and ammunition were captured and destroyed.
In July 1986, a reconnaissance group from the 22nd brigade managed to capture 14 tons of raw opium, which the Mujahideen were transporting in eight vehicles from Pakistan. For this, local drug dealers sentenced the commander of the brigade, Colonel Gerasimov, to death.
In May 1987, the special forces carried out a very effective operation: on May 12, 1987, in the gorge in the Abchikan region, inspection group No. 424, led by Lieutenant E. S. Baryshev from the 668th Special Forces, during a flyby, discovered a large caravan of rebels. The commander of the lead Mi-8mt helicopter, Captain Nikolai Maidanov, landed a group of special forces at the entrance to the gorge, and the wingman Yuri Kuznetsov at the exit and the covering pair of Mi-24s proceeded to destroy the blocked caravan. The guards of the caravan tried to shoot down the spetsnaz barrier (a total of 17 scouts were landed, two of them officers), but could not stand the helicopter fire and began to rush along the gorge. Some time later, Maidanov brought another 22 people, headed by the deputy commander of the detachment, Captain Vorobyov. An armored group came out of the detachment to help. The subgroup of Lieutenant Klimenko successfully captured the position of the DShK, which made it possible to control the dominant height. Together with the armored group, commanded by Senior Lieutenant Savin, the artillery attached to the detachment approached: four D-30s and two Grad-V vehicles. By evening, two BMP-2s entered the gorge to cover the actions of the inspection group. The inspection team was personally led by Captain Vorobyov. During the search, two scouts were injured. During the inspection, a large number of unpacked animals were found, and later thrown bales were also found. By the time of dusk, a second armored group with transport vehicles had approached to take out trophies, but the head armored personnel carrier was blown up by a mine, and the column stopped. At night, the rebels made an attempt to recapture the cargo, but the scouts repelled the attack. Three commandos were wounded in the battle. Due to the fact that it was already clear that the caravan was unusual, and there were no more forces in the detachment, the command of the 40th army sent a company of the 56th brigade from Gardez to help the special forces. The company was stopped in the Abchikan area due to the fact that no interaction signals were worked out and there was a high probability of shelling of their units. At night, the rebels once again tried to recapture the caravan, but again they met with a rebuff and for some time they fired mortars at their caravan. In the morning, a pair of Su-25s bombed areas where enemy reserves could supposedly be advanced. In the morning, they began to dismantle the clogged caravan. In total, it was captured (according to S.V. Kozlov): 16 Hunyang MANPADS ("Strela-2m" of Chinese production), PC launchers - 5 units, PC 9m22 m - 24 units, VO - 7 units, BM -82 - 1 unit ZGU - 1 unit, DShK - 1 unit. SGM - 1 unit, AK - 2 units, one mine detector, 700 kg of medicines and a US-made encryption machine.
The following were destroyed on the spot: MANPADS - 1 unit, PC - 530 units, rounds for VO - 570 units, PG-7 - 950 units, 82 mm mines - 410 units, 14.5 mm - 30,000 units , 12.7 mm -61,400, 7.62 mm - 230,000, Claymore mines - 90 units, PMN mins - 170 units, hand grenades - 90, explosives - 340 kg, 700 kg of medicines, 193 camels, 62 mules, horses and donkeys, 47 rebels. This was probably the biggest result of special forces in Afghanistan.
However, it was not without tragedy. On October 31, 1987, one of the groups of the 186th ooSpN suffered heavy losses when intercepting a caravan with weapons. Of the 20 people, I died, including the commander of the group, Senior Lieutenant Onishchuk. The situation was as follows: on October 28, 1987, Senior Lieutenant Oleg Onishchuk received an order to advance to the area of the village of Duri and organize an ambush on a possible caravan route of the rebels. Onischuk was already considered an experienced group commander - he already had 10 caravans taken by him. Onishchuk's group set up an ambush and on the evening of October 30, from a distance of 700–800 meters, stopped the rebels' car with small arms fire. The spirits tried to recapture the car, but the scouts aimed a pair of Mi-24s at the enemy, which scattered the "spirits".
TSB
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