Julia Borisovna Grande, Marina Anatolyevna Sharypkina
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev. Personal Secretary of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, leader of the USSR in 1922-1953
Biography
A. N. Poskrebyshev was born in 1891 in Vyatka.
He is a paramedic by training.
In March 1917 he became a member of the RSDLP (b). Since 1922, he worked in the apparatus of the Central Committee, and then became the head of the Administration of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) - 1923-1924.
In 1924, he acted as assistant, and then personal secretary to I.V. Stalin and remained in this appointment until Stalin's death (1953).
Since 1935, Poskrebyshev headed the personal office and the Special Sector of the Secretary General.
From 1939–1956 Poskrebyshev was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
In 1946 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1953 he was removed from Stalin's inner circle. The reason for the disfavor was the intrigues of L.P. Beria. After Stalin's death, Poskrebyshev was arrested on charges of leaking information and espionage, and was also suspected of having links with international Zionism. He was soon released and retired.
Alexander Poskrebyshev, a party leader, was a permanent secretary, personal assistant and attorney in almost all affairs of the state and, of course, Joseph Stalin himself. His role in the power structures of the country was significant and was even more important than his official status, which was confirmed by the special disposition of the leader of the USSR towards him.
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich was born in 1981 in Vyatka in the family of a shoemaker. By education he was a paramedic. In 1917, in March, he joined the RSDLP (b).
In 1922, Poskrebyshev began his party and state career with work in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and a year later became the head of the Administration of the Central Committee of the RCP (b).
In 1924, Poskrebyshev met I. Stalin, and he invited him to work with him, his assistant. I. Stalin at that time was already General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party and systematically carried out a covert struggle for his absolute power in the Party and in the country.
Continuing to remain in this position, Poskrebyshev added all new functions and powers to his duties. So, in 1929-1934, he became the deputy head, and then the head of the Special Secret Department.
In 1931, Poskrebyshev was appointed personal secretary to I.V. Stalin (now such a position sounds like a press secretary and adviser to the president). Alexander Poskrebyshev managed to become the most trusted person of the leader. He prepared various documents, carried out special instructions from I. Stalin. It was through Poskrebyshev that all the information, of almost any nature, came to Stalin. The secretary always attached a sheet to each document with his comments, and almost always his opinion coincided with the opinion of the general secretary.
But the career of a devoted secretary began with a joke. Boris Bazhanov talks about this in his "Memoirs". Boris Bazhanov was Stalin's personal secretary during the rise of the future great leader to power. He fled on January 1, 1928 to Persia and later left for the United States. “When I worked for Molotov as secretary of Izvestia of the Central Committee,” recalls B.G. Bazhanov, - one worker worked on the expedition of the Central Committee, who packed magazines in bales, dragged them and sent them out. Small, bald and does not seem to be a fool. Surname - Poskrebyshev ... Almost out of mischief, we decide to nominate him to the secretaries of the Central Committee cell (since it comes from Stalin's secretariat, it passes instantly). Poskrebyshev turns out to be an extremely obedient secretary of the cell and even too often runs to Kanner for directives ... But the mischief of Stalin's secretaries plays once again a decisive role in Poskrebyshev's career. In 1926, when Stanislav Kosior became the fourth secretary of the Central Committee... he asked that Stalin's secretariat indicate the candidacy of a secretary for him. Kosior is small and bald, Poskrebyshev is small and bald; they make a rather comical couple. That is why Kanner, choking with laughter, offers to assistant Kosior the secretary of the Poskrebyshev cell, which is being done ... A special sector, and for eighteen years he will be Stalin's faithful batman, before whom the ministers and members of the Politburo will tremble ”(Bazhanov B. G. Memories of Stalin's Secretary. M., 1990. P. 84).
From 1934 to 1952, Poskrebyshev led the Special Sector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In August 1935, he was appointed head of the office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (now this department and position would be called the head of the presidential administration).
In 1946, Poskrebyshev was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After the Great Patriotic War, his wife Bronislava Solomonovna, a distant relative of L.D. Trotsky was arrested. Poskrebyshev asked Stalin to save her, but he refused and she spent three years in prison, and was later shot on charges of espionage.
In 1952, Poskrebyshev became secretary of the Presidium and Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In November 1952, L.P. Beria managed to convince I. Stalin to remove his personal secretary from the Kremlin. Beria's argument was Poskrebyshev's alleged involvement in the so-called "doctors' case".
At this time, in the inner circle of Stalin, a plan was ripened to demand the resignation of the Secretary General. But it is almost impossible to do this while Stalin is surrounded by people devoted to him. And Beria chooses intrigue as a struggle for power. According to historians, he masterfully owned this "weapon". The most favorable place for submitting a demand for resignation was the Black Sea coast of Georgia, far from Moscow. But after the "Mingrelian case" Stalin was afraid of his countrymen and stopped going there on vacation. Alliluyeva reports: “The last time he lived especially solitary; the trip to the south in the autumn of 1951 was the last one.” There were two places left for the implementation of the plan: the Kremlin and the dacha in Moscow. The Kremlin is the seat of the state and the party. All actions originating from here are considered legal. But if Stalin refused to accept the demand for resignation, then at the touch of a button he would raise the alarm not only in the Kremlin, but also in Moscow and throughout the country: communication was perfect here, so the Kremlin would also fall away. All that remained was Kuntsevo, Stalin's dacha near Moscow. Kuntsevo posed a danger only as long as Stalin's "inner cabinet" operated flawlessly. It was necessary to remove from Stalin his personal doctor, the head of his personal guard, the head of his personal office, his representative in the Kremlin - the commandant of the Kremlin. They could only be removed by the hands of Stalin himself. This is what Beria did. Secret documents disappear from Poskrebyshev's bureau, he is accused of theft, of "leaking state secrets" and of links with international Zionism. Probably, Beria managed to steal from Poskrebyshev something more secret than Stalin's economic manuscripts, which Khrushchev speaks about. Otherwise, Stalin's statement would not have been clear: “I convicted Poskrebyshev of losing secret material. Nobody else could do it. The leak of secret documents went through Poskrebyshev. He gave away secrets." Stalin immediately removed Poskrebyshev, but did not have time to shoot him. After Stalin's death, he was released and retired.
The personality of Alexander Poskrebyshev, “Stalin’s faithful squire,” as N.S. called him. Khrushchev at the XX Party Congress, no doubt, was very influential during the reign of the "leader of all peoples" and his participation in the course of the history of our country is the subject of research by many modern historians. Alexander Poskrebyshev, according to the recollections of his family, colleagues and eyewitnesses, was of exceptional capacity for work. Poskrebyshev's eldest daughter, Galina Aleksandrovna Egorova, told D. Volkogonov that he spent at least sixteen hours at work. “At any time, whenever Stalin called Poskrebyshev, the bald head of his assistant was always tilted over a pile of papers. It was a man with a computer memory. It was possible to get information from him on any issue” (Vologonov D. Stalin. M., 1991. S. 358–359).
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev(August 7, 1891 - January 3, 1965) - a prominent statesman, political and party figure of the USSR. Member of the RSDLP(b) since March 1917. Head of a special sector of the Central Committee (Stalin's Secretariat, 1928-1952). Major General.
Biography
Alexander Poskrebyshev was born in the village of Uspensky, Sloboda district of the Vyatka province. Mother - Nadezhda Efimovna. Father - Nikolai Vasilyevich Poskrebyshev. Brother - Soviet pilot Ivan Poskrebyshev, sisters - Olga and Alexandra. Russian by origin, great-great-grandmother from the Tatars-Kryashens.
After graduating from the medical assistant's school, he was sent to work in the city of Baranchu (Urals), where he was elected secretary of the party organization (RSDLP (b), 1917-1918). Subsequently, he worked in the political department of the Special Turkestan Army (1918-1919). In 1919-1921. - in Zlatoust: Chairman of the District Military Revolutionary Committee, then - Chairman of the Executive Committee of the District Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. In 1921-1922. on party and Soviet work in Ufa.
In 1922 he was sent to Moscow, to work in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), VKP (b), CPSU: instructor, deputy manager of affairs, assistant secretary of the Central Committee Joseph Stalin:
1923-1924, head of the Administration of the Central Committee of the RCP (b)
1924-1929, Assistant Secretary General of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) - VKP(b)
In 1927, he simultaneously graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Law of Moscow State University.
Since 1930, he has been in charge of a special sector of the Central Committee (Stalin's Secretariat):
Since May 1929 - Deputy Head of the Secret Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
Since August 1935 - Head of the Office of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Joseph Stalin
In 1934, a candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (XVII Congress). Based on the theses formulated by Stalin, he writes the texts of the Constitution of the USSR (1936) and the Short Course in the History of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1938). In 1939, at the 18th (and subsequently at the 19th) Congress, he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (later - the CPSU). Deputy of the Supreme Soviets of the RSFSR and the USSR (first, second and third convocations). Deputy of the Supreme Council of the BASSR of the 1st-3rd convocations.
During the war of 1941-1945 he worked in Stalin's office in Moscow. Participated in the development of military operations and the preparation of materials for the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. He took direct part in the work of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. At the same time, Alexander Poskrebyshev was awarded the rank of major general.
According to his daughter Natalia Poskrebysheva:
“He worked almost a day - at 5 in the morning he came home from work, and at 10-11 in the morning he left for work. He was said to be a walking encyclopedia. He answered every question that was asked of him."
He had a phenomenal memory. He remembered all the phones by heart and never wrote them down.
In 1947, he participated in the work of the presidium of the January philosophical discussion.
Since December 1952 - Secretary of the Presidium and Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU
Until 1953 he continued to work with Stalin. For 25 years, he was reported to and filtered out almost all information intended for transmission to Stalin, and he reported the most important information immediately at a meeting of the Politburo (Presidium) of the CPSU (B) (Central Committee of the CPSU).
In 1953, he was accused of losing important government documents and suspended from work. Subsequently, it was reported that the incident was inspired and fabricated by Lavrenty Beria, and the documents were found.
Julia Borisovna Grande, Marina Anatolyevna Sharypkina
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev. Personal Secretary of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, leader of the USSR in 1922-1953
Biography
A. N. Poskrebyshev was born in 1891 in Vyatka.
He is a paramedic by training.
In March 1917 he became a member of the RSDLP (b). Since 1922, he worked in the apparatus of the Central Committee, and then became the head of the Administration of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) - 1923-1924.
In 1924, he acted as assistant, and then personal secretary to I.V. Stalin and remained in this appointment until Stalin's death (1953).
Since 1935, Poskrebyshev headed the personal office and the Special Sector of the Secretary General.
From 1939–1956 Poskrebyshev was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
In 1946 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1953 he was removed from Stalin's inner circle. The reason for the disfavor was the intrigues of L.P. Beria. After Stalin's death, Poskrebyshev was arrested on charges of leaking information and espionage, and was also suspected of having links with international Zionism. He was soon released and retired.
Alexander Poskrebyshev, a party leader, was a permanent secretary, personal assistant and attorney in almost all affairs of the state and, of course, Joseph Stalin himself. His role in the power structures of the country was significant and was even more important than his official status, which was confirmed by the special disposition of the leader of the USSR towards him.
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich was born in 1981 in Vyatka in the family of a shoemaker. By education he was a paramedic. In 1917, in March, he joined RSDLP (b).
In 1922, Poskrebyshev began his party and state career with work in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and a year later became the head of the Administration Central Committee of the RCP (b).
In 1924, Poskrebyshev met I. Stalin, and he invited him to work with him, his assistant. I. Stalin at that time was already General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party and systematically carried out a covert struggle for his absolute power in the Party and in the country.
Continuing to remain in this position, Poskrebyshev added all new functions and powers to his duties. So, in 1929–1934, he became the deputy head, and then the head himself. Special Secret Department.
In 1931, Poskrebyshev was appointed personal secretary to I.V. Stalin (now such a position sounds like a press secretary and adviser to the president). Alexander Poskrebyshev managed to become the most trusted person of the leader. He prepared various documents, carried out special instructions from I. Stalin. It was through Poskrebyshev that all the information, of almost any nature, came to Stalin. The secretary always attached a sheet to each document with his comments, and almost always his opinion coincided with the opinion of General Secretary.
But the career of a devoted secretary began with a joke. Boris Bazhanov talks about this in his "Memoirs". Boris Bazhanov was Stalin's personal secretary during the rise of the future great leader to power. He fled on January 1, 1928 to Persia and later left for the United States. “When I worked for Molotov as secretary of Izvestia of the Central Committee,” recalls B.G. Bazhanov, - one worker worked on the expedition of the Central Committee, who packed magazines in bales, dragged them and sent them out. Small, bald and does not seem to be a fool. Surname - Poskrebyshev ... Almost out of mischief, we decide to nominate him to the secretaries of the Central Committee cell (since it comes from Stalin's secretariat, it passes instantly). Poskrebyshev turns out to be an extremely obedient secretary of the cell and even too often runs to Kanner for directives ... But the mischief of Stalin's secretaries plays once again a decisive role in Poskrebyshev's career. In 1926, when Stanislav Kosior became the fourth secretary of the Central Committee... he asked that Stalin's secretariat indicate the candidacy of a secretary for him. Kosior is small and bald, Poskrebyshev is small and bald; they make a rather comical couple. That is why Kanner, choking with laughter, offers to assistant Kosior the secretary of the Poskrebyshev cell, which is being done ... A special sector, and for eighteen years he will be Stalin's faithful batman, before whom the ministers and members of the Politburo will tremble ”(Bazhanov B. G. Memories of Stalin's Secretary. M., 1990. P. 84).
From 1934 to 1952, Poskrebyshev led Special Sector of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B). In August 1935, he was appointed head of the office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (now this department and position would be called the head of the presidential administration).
In 1946, Poskrebyshev was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After the Great Patriotic War, his wife Bronislava Solomonovna, a distant relative of L.D. Trotsky was arrested. Poskrebyshev asked Stalin to save her, but he refused and she spent three years in prison, and was later shot on charges of espionage.
In 1952, Poskrebyshev became secretary of the Presidium and Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In November 1952, L.P. Beria managed to convince I. Stalin to remove his personal secretary from the Kremlin. Beria's argument was Poskrebyshev's alleged involvement in the so-called "cause of doctors".
At this time, in the inner circle of Stalin, a plan was ripened to demand the resignation of the Secretary General. But it is almost impossible to do this while Stalin is surrounded by people devoted to him. And Beria chooses intrigue as a struggle for power. According to historians, he masterfully owned this "weapon". The most favorable place for submitting a demand for resignation was the Black Sea coast of Georgia, far from Moscow. But after the "Mingrelian case" Stalin was afraid of his countrymen and stopped going there on vacation. Alliluyeva reports: “The last time he lived especially solitary; the trip to the south in the autumn of 1951 was the last one.” There were two places left for the implementation of the plan: the Kremlin and the dacha in Moscow. The Kremlin is the seat of the state and the party. All actions originating from here are considered legal. But if Stalin refused to accept the demand for resignation, then at the touch of a button he would raise the alarm not only in the Kremlin, but also in Moscow and throughout the country: communication was perfect here, so the Kremlin would also fall away. All that remained was Kuntsevo, Stalin's dacha near Moscow. Kuntsevo posed a danger only as long as Stalin's "inner cabinet" operated flawlessly. It was necessary to remove from Stalin his personal doctor, the head of his personal guard, the head of his personal office, his representative in the Kremlin - the commandant of the Kremlin. They could only be removed by the hands of Stalin himself. This is what Beria did. Secret documents disappear from Poskrebyshev's bureau, he is accused of theft, of "leaking state secrets" and of links with international Zionism. Probably, Beria managed to steal from Poskrebyshev something more secret than Stalin's economic manuscripts, which Khrushchev speaks about. Otherwise, Stalin's statement would not have been clear: “I convicted Poskrebyshev of losing secret material. Nobody else could do it. The leak of secret documents went through Poskrebyshev. He gave away secrets." Stalin immediately removed Poskrebyshev, but did not have time to shoot him. After Stalin's death, he was released and retired.
The personality of Alexander Poskrebyshev, “Stalin’s faithful squire,” as N.S. called him. Khrushchev at the XX Party Congress, no doubt, was very influential during the reign of the "leader of all peoples" and his participation in the course of the history of our country is the subject of research by many modern historians. Alexander Poskrebyshev, according to the recollections of his family, colleagues and eyewitnesses, was of exceptional capacity for work. Poskrebyshev's eldest daughter, Galina Aleksandrovna Egorova, told D. Volkogonov that he spent at least sixteen hours at work. “At any time, whenever Stalin called Poskrebyshev, the bald head of his assistant was always tilted over a pile of papers. It was a man with a computer memory. It was possible to get information from him on any issue” (Vologonov D. Stalin. M., 1991. S. 358–359).
Main works and awards
Promoted to the rank of General of the Army.
August 07, 1891 - January 03, 1965
major general, prominent statesman, political and party figure of the USSR
Biography
Alexander Poskrebyshev was born in the village of Uspensky, Sloboda district of the Vyatka province. Mother - Nadezhda Efimovna. Brother - Soviet pilot Ivan Poskrebyshev, sisters - Olga and Alexandra.
After graduating from the medical assistant's school, he was sent to work in the city of Baranchu (Urals), where he was elected secretary of the party organization (RSDLP (b), 1917-1918). Subsequently, he worked in the political department of the Special Turkestan Army (1918-1919). In 1919-1921. - in Zlatoust: chairman of the county Military Revolutionary Committee, then - chairman of the executive committee of the county Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. In 1921-1922. on party and Soviet work in Ufa.
1923-1924, head of the Administration of the Central Committee of the RCP (b)
1924-1929, Assistant Secretary General of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) - VKP(b)
In 1927, he simultaneously graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Law of Moscow State University.
Since 1930, he has been in charge of a special sector of the Central Committee (Stalin's Secretariat):
Since May 1929 - Deputy Head of the Secret Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
Since August 1935 - Head of the Office of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Joseph Stalin
In 1934, a candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (XVII Congress). Based on the theses formulated by Stalin, he writes the texts of the Constitution of the USSR (1936) and the Short Course in the History of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1938). In 1939, at the 18th (and subsequently at the 19th) Congress, he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (later - the CPSU). Deputy of the Supreme Soviets of the RSFSR and the USSR (first, second and third convocations).
During the war of 1941-1945 he worked in Stalin's office in Moscow. Participated in the development of military operations and the preparation of materials for the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. He took direct part in the work of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. At the same time, Alexander Poskrebyshev was awarded the rank of major general.
According to his daughter Natalia Poskrebysheva:
He had a phenomenal memory. He remembered all the phones by heart and never wrote them down.
In 1947, he participated in the work of the presidium of the January philosophical discussion.
Since December 1952 - Secretary of the Presidium and Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU
Until 1953 he continued to work with Stalin. For 25 years, almost all information intended for transmission to Stalin was reported to him and he filtered out, and he reported the most important information immediately to the Politburo.
In 1953, he was accused of losing important government documents and suspended from work. Subsequently, it was reported that the incident was inspired and fabricated by Lavrenty Beria, and the documents were found.
Natalya Poskrebysheva spoke.
After Stalin's death in 1953, at the XX Congress of the CPSU, Poskrebyshev, along with many other members of the CPSU, was retired by Nikita Khrushchev.
From early childhood until the very last days, he was friends and communicated with Alexander Bakulev. Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev died on January 3, 1965. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Personal life
From 1919 to 1929 he was married to the Polish revolutionary Jadwiga Ippolitovna Stankevich, who, after a long illness (tuberculosis), died in 1937 (buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery). Some time after the divorce from his first wife, he married Bronislava Metallikova. From this marriage he has two daughters - Galina (March 29, 1932) and Natalya (January 7, 1938).
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich, whose biography is described in this article, is a well-known statesman, a member of the RSDLP (b) party. He was the head of a special sector of the Central Committee - the Secretariat of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. By rank - major general.
Family
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolayevich was born on August 7, 1965 in the village of Uspensky, located in the Sloboda district. His father, Nikolai, was a small-land peasant and worked as a shoemaker. Mother, Nadezha Efimovna, loved children very much, raised them strictly, but fairly. Alexander had several sisters and a brother, who later became a military pilot.
Childhood
Alexander grew up like all children: he ran fishing, loved to catch crayfish from the river. He helped his mother with household chores. He was very well-read, because he loved books too much. Studied at school. He had a friend with whom they were friends until his death, Sasha Bakulin. He lived in a neighboring village. Even at school, the guys sat at the same desk. Both Sashas went to sing in the church choir. The guys were often called Bakulen and Poskreben.
Education
After school, Alexander graduated from the Vyatka Medical Assistant School. But, having received a specialty, he did not stop and continued his studies, in 1927 he entered the Moscow State University at the Faculty of Economics and Law.
Career
The career of Alexander Nikolayevich began with work as a doctor. After college, he left in the direction of the Urals, to the city of Barancha. There he joined the party and was elected secretary of the RSDLP (b). From 1918 to 1919 he worked in the political department of the Turkestan army. From 1919 to 1921 he continued to work in Zlatoust as chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee, and then the executive committee of the Soviet of Workers' Deputies. From 1921 to 1922 - at party work in Ufa.
In the twenty-second year Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich was sent to Moscow. There he began as an instructor in the Central Committee of the party. First, from 1923 to 1924, he worked in the Central Committee of the RCP (b) as a deputy manager of affairs. Then, from 1924 to 1929, he was an assistant to the Secretary General. He was promoted to Deputy head of the secret department. In 1930 he became its head. And from 1934 he headed the Special Department of the Central Committee. In 1935, he became head of the office of the secretariat of Stalin's Central Committee.
In 1947, he took part in the discussion of the presidium, and in the fall of 1952 he became a member of the Standing Committee. In the winter of the same year - Secretary of the Presidium and
Working with Stalin
Despite the nondescript appearance, the power of Alexander Nikolaevich was enormous. And an important role in this was played by Stalin's disposition towards him. A. N. Poskrebyshev answered him with absolute devotion. And all the orders or words of Stalin even pronounced with the intonations spoken by the General Secretary.
Alexander Nikolaevich knew all his moods, habits and illnesses. They understood each other often without words at all. Poskrebyshev performed his duties conscientiously, without fuss. He had an amazing capacity for work and a phenomenal memory. He was called a walking encyclopedia. He remembered all the phones by heart and never wrote them down.
In wartime, from 1941 to 1945, he took part in the development of military operations and conference materials. At this time, Poskrebyshev became a major general. Until 1953 Alexander Nikolaevich worked with Stalin. For twenty-five years, all the information that he filtered passed through him. Part of it was passed on to the Politburo, and if there was important news, directly to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.
"Squire" Stalin
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev, Stalin's personal secretary, was his "shadow", solving not only administrative, but also personal issues. He followed not only the correspondence of the General Secretary, but also the observance of the protocol and the attendance of members of the Politburo. Everyone had to reckon with Poskrebyshev - both ordinary people and military leaders.
Despite being close to his own, Poskrebyshev could not save him from arrest. He had to personally issue a warrant for her. Although he tried to defend his wife. But Stalin signed the order and, seeing the expression on Alexander Nikolayevich's face, laughed. I decided that Poskrebyshev "needed a new woman" and promised to find one in the near future. And about the arrest was adamant. I thought that if the NKVD made such a decision, then there were reasons for that. And soon a young woman came to Alexander Nikolaevich's apartment with a message that she had been sent to run the household.
Victim of Beria's intrigues
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolayevich became a victim of Beria's intrigues. After the fifty-second year, a plan was ripening to dismiss General Secretary Stalin. But no one wanted to talk about it openly. Moreover, he was surrounded by devoted people. As a result, Beria decided to remove Joseph Vissarionovich with the help of intrigue.
According to Lavrenty Pavlovich, Georgia would be the best place for this business. But because of the “Mingrelian case”, Stalin did not go on vacation to his fellow countrymen. Lived very secluded. There were only two places left: the Kremlin and the Moscow dacha. But there was perfect communication in the Kremlin residence, and if they began to insist on his resignation, then the alarm would rise throughout the country in a split second. The last option remained - the Moscow dacha.
But she was well protected, while Stalin was surrounded by guards and Poskrebyshev. Only the General Secretary himself could remove it. Beria informed Stalin that secret materials were allegedly disappearing from the Politburo. And except for Alexander Nikolaevich, no one could do this.
Stalin immediately removed Alexander Nikolaevich from his post and sent him to prison. I was going to shoot him. But he didn't manage to do it. After Stalin lost his loyal entourage, very soon he was found murdered in his country dacha.
Politics
In 1934 Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich became a candidate member of the Central Committee. In 1936, based on the formulated theses of Stalin, he wrote the texts to the Constitution of the Soviet Union. And two years later - A short course in history. In 1939 he became a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and later - the CPSU. Poskrebyshev is a deputy of the RSFSR and BASSR of the 1st-3rd convocations.
Personal life
For the first time Alexander Nikolaevich married in 1919 to Jadwiga Ippolitovna Stankevich, a Polish revolutionary. They were married for ten years and divorced. Subsequently, she died of tuberculosis in 1937. She was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
After a divorce from his first wife, Poskrebyshev married a second time. His wife's name was Bronislava Metallikova. In this marriage, he had two daughters - Galina and Natalya. In 1939, Bronislava was repressed for her relationship with Trotsky and on charges of counter-revolutionary activities.
There is an opinion that the real reason for her arrest is Beria, who wanted to compromise Alexander Nikolaevich, and then replace him in his position with his own man. But this is only an assumption, since at that time Beria was not closely connected with the NKVD and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Poskrebyshev made an attempt to rehabilitate his wife, but to no avail. She was shot as the Nazi army approached Moscow. Much later, in 1957, Bronislava was nevertheless acquitted and rehabilitated. She was reburied at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery.
For the third time, Alexander Poskrebyshev married Ekaterina Grigoryevna Zimina. In this marriage, a third daughter was born, who was named Elena.
Friends
Despite the busy work schedule of sixteen hours a day, Alexander Nikolayevich still found time for friends with whom he went fishing. There were only three close friends. Childhood friend Bakulev, who became a famous cardiologist, General Khrulev and polar explorer Papanin. Poskrebyshev loved not only books and fishing, but also outdoor activities: tennis, playing gorodki. He liked to visit his friends at the dacha, relax there, fish and hunt.
Character
By nature, Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich, whose photo is in this article, was decisive and purposeful. By nature, he is very kind, but at work he is collected and strict. As his daughter recalls, he always said that a person should be kind, but not kind.
Death of Poskrebyshev
Alexander Nikolaevich did not have time to shoot, since Stalin died. Khrushchev came to power and released Poskrebyshev from the dungeons. He was no longer allowed to work, but was sent to retire. He lived twelve years longer than Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich, Stalin's secretary and his right hand, died on January 3, 1965. He was buried at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery.
Awards
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev was awarded four Orders of Lenin, the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Second World War." He also has a medal "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War."
