So I became young and happy

Our ancient Tajikistan,

And your songs are not louder

Singing - Tajikistan.

There is no richer homeland of ours,

There is no higher joy anywhere

Thank you Russian brother

For help in the struggle and in work.

Bokim Rakhim-zoda

We love the edges of the mountain expanse ... How much light there is on the tops of the mountains! Joy - in the springs, his keys, Tent of snow - on his shoulders!- this is what the Soviet Tajik poet M. Tursunzade says about his homeland. Indeed, Tajikistan is the highest mountainous republic in the Soviet Union. It lies in the extreme southeast of Central Asia, on the border with Afghanistan and China.

Mountains occupy more than 9/10 of the entire territory of the republic. Mighty ridges stretch for many hundreds of kilometers - Turkestan, Zeravshan, Gissar and others, propping up the sky with their peaks covered with eternal snow. Most of the Pamirs - the highest highlands in the world - are also included in Tajikistan. Here is the highest point of the USSR - Communism Peak (7495 m). In the Pamirs, there is the Fedchenko glacier, the largest in the middle latitudes, stretching for 71 km.

In the high mountains, in the realm of eternal snow and ice, rivers are born - swift, cold, wayward. They rush down like a thousand small transparent streams. Along the way, the streams merge and form a turbulent stream. With a roar, it breaks down from sheer cliffs, makes its way among the mountains, cutting through gorges, and finally breaks out into the valley with a wide full-flowing river. This is how the Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya, the largest rivers of Central Asia, are born. The waters of mountain rivers are used for irrigation. The rivers of Tajikistan conceal huge reserves of energy that is far from being fully utilized. Between the mountains, along the course of the rivers, valleys stretch - on average at an altitude of up to 1000 m above sea level: Gissar, Vakhsh and Fergana (the latter is mostly located in neighboring Uzbekistan). Most of the population lives in the valleys.

Tajikistan is remote from the ocean. Mountain ranges protect it from cold northeast winds. They also trap air masses saturated with moisture. Therefore, there is a lot of rain in the mountainous regions, and little in the valleys. In the Vakhsh valley, for example, only 150-300 mm of precipitation falls annually; summers are hot here, as in Punjab (India) or Egypt in the hottest months, and winters are mild, although there are short frosts.

A very special climate in the eastern part of the Pamirs, located on average above 3600 m above sea level. This is a high desert. In winter there are frosts of 50 °, and in summer it is risky to part with a fur coat, because the evenings and nights are very cold. Even during the day, as soon as the sun goes behind a cloud, the cold already creeps. In July, ice rims are often visible on the rivers in the mornings.

The flora and fauna of Tajikistan is diverse and rich. In the foothills and foothill plains, where the summer is hot and there is almost no winter, there are dry couch grass steppes, sometimes deserts. Higher, on the slopes of the mountains, where it is colder and more humid, the forb steppe is replaced by dense thickets of walnuts, almonds, and pistachios. There are also thirty-meter plane trees, up to 12 m in girth. Above - juniper groves; above them stretch alpine meadows; even higher - eternal snow.

Snow leopard, leopard, bear, stone marten are found in the mountains. In the thickets along the rivers in the south of the republic, which are called tugai, one can see goitered gazelle and wild boar. In the Tigrovaya Balka Reserve, in the lower reaches of the Vakhsh and Pyanj, the Bukhara deer is still preserved. There are many birds here, and fish in the rivers and lakes.

Tajikistan is rich in minerals. Before the revolution, very little was known about them. And during the years of Soviet power, about 300 deposits of various minerals were discovered here. Of these, more than 60 are already being developed. Coal and oil, non-ferrous metals, rock crystal, rock and table salt, building materials are mined in the republic. And all the time, new batches of geologists explore the mountains, looking for new deposits of oil and gas, non-ferrous metals and chemical raw materials.

2188 thousand people live in Tajikistan (as of January 1, 1962). But this population is distributed very unevenly. In most river valleys, there are 30-60 people per 1 km 2, sometimes 100, high in the mountains - 2-3, and in the Eastern Pamirs, each person has several square kilometers.

In the fertile flowering valleys of Tajikistan, people settled in the prehistoric era. Recent excavations have found traces of Neanderthals here (see Vol. 6 DE).

The history of the Tajik people is closely connected with the history of other fraternal peoples of Central Asia. His ancestors - Sogdians and Bactrians - back in the 1st millennium BC. e. had their own state.

The territory of present-day Tajikistan, like the whole of Central Asia, has been the scene of endless wars for centuries. The Tajik land has seen many conquerors, many bloody wars. It was captured by the Persians, Greeks, Turks, Arabs, Mongols.

In the ninth century Tajik feudal lord Ismail Samani managed to unite under his rule the lands inhabited by Tajiks. This is how the Tajik feudal state was formed, which existed for over 100 years. At this time, the Tajik people achieved significant success in the economy and culture. He gave the world the great scientist Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the poets Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam, Saadi and others.

After long feudal civil strife in Central Asia, three independent khanates were formed: Bukhara, Kokand and Khiva. The Tajik people were dismembered, most of them fell under the rule of the Emir of Bukhara. Bukhara was a backward feudal country. The destitute Tajik peasantry cultivated the land belonging to the emir and his servants in the same primitive ways as a thousand years ago, and received an insignificant part of the harvest for their hard work. Apart from a few semi-handicraft enterprises, there was no industry.

In the second half of the XIX century. Central Asia was annexed to tsarist Russia. This was of progressive importance for the Tajik people. He was able to join a more advanced culture, the economy began to develop faster in the country. But, of course, tsarism did not make life easier for the working masses. In the vast "prison of peoples", as tsarist Russia was rightly called, Central Asia was assigned only the role of a raw material colony.

After the victory of the Great October Revolution, Soviet power was established in the northern regions of Tajikistan, in the Pamirs. Only the Bukhara Khanate continued to exist. The Emir of Bukhara was supported by the British imperialists, the White Guards, driven out of the center of the country, settled here. These united counter-revolutionary forces were preparing an attack on Soviet territory. But in the fall of 1920, the rebellious people, with the help of the Red Army, took power in Bukhara. The Bukhara People's Soviet Republic was proclaimed.

Tajiks were not immediately able to move on to peaceful construction. The emir's henchmen and foreign invaders tried to destroy the Soviet power. Basmachi fought against the new system with English rifles in their hands. They slaughtered the cattle of the poor, poisoned wells, and killed Soviet and party workers. But the enemies did not take into account one thing - the October Revolution answered the age-old aspirations of the people. Therefore, he was ready to fight to the last drop of blood for his revolution, for his happy future. And the fierce resistance of the enemies was broken.

In 1924, the Tajik ASSR was formed as part of the Uzbek Republic. And in 1929, Tajikistan also became a union republic.

“We are setting ourselves a completely new challenge. We want to turn Tajikistan, a country previously backward and devastated by the Basmachi, into a flourishing socialist republic!” - so stated on behalf of the Tajik people the 3rd All-Tajik Congress of Soviets, when deciding on the formation of the Tajik SSR,

The peoples of our entire Motherland helped the young republic. Industrial goods, machine tools, machines went to Tajikistan in a continuous stream. Engineers, technicians, teachers, doctors came here.

The republic under construction needed good roads. Previously, the region, especially its mountainous regions, was almost cut off from the outside world. Typical mountain roads of that time were narrow decks made of poles and brushwood, lying on stakes driven perpendicularly into steep slopes. At the beginning of the first five-year plan, the railway came to the capital of the republic. Every year the builders laid here more and more kilometers of roads and railways. The roads stubbornly climbed even to the "roof of the world" - the previously inaccessible Pamir, to the eternal snows, bringing with them a new life. This is one of the highest mountain routes in the world Osh - Khorog.

With the help of other fraternal peoples of the Soviet country, the peoples of Tajikistan began the industrialization of their republic. At first they built cotton gins and food processing plants. Then the needs of agriculture and transport brought repair factories to life. The primary processing of cotton was supplemented by cotton factories. Finally, mining, fuel and energy and other industries began to develop.

Now the extractive industry is extensively mechanized. This allows us to increase the production of coal, polymetals, oil, fluorspar, gold, and mercury every year. On the basis of local clays, dolomites, marbles, limestones, the production of building materials has been established.

Dushanbe produces equipment for the oil industry and power plants.

After the XX Congress of the CPSU, new industries appeared in the republic - machine-building and electrical engineering. During the period between the 20th and 22nd Party Congresses, more than 100 industrial enterprises and workshops went into operation. Among them are a cement-slate plant and the second stage of a cotton plant in Dushanbe. In terms of output in Tajikistan, the first place is occupied by the textile industry, the second by the food industry: canning, oil milling, and essential oil.

Tajik land has always lacked water. The water flowing from the mountains into the narrow ditches of cotton fields and orchards belonged to the emir and wealthy beys. For her, the farmer had to give a considerable part of his crop. Indeed, in Central Asia, water is a matter of life.

When Soviet power came here, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin among the first decrees signed a decree on irrigation.

A huge network of large and small irrigation canals has now been built in Soviet Tajikistan. The Vakhsh system, created back in the years of the first five-year plans, revived tens of thousands of hectares of previously empty land. Together with the working people of fraternal Uzbekistan, the Big Fergana and North Fergana canals were created by the method of popular construction. During the Patriotic War, the large Gissar Canal was built.

To the east of Leninabad, the sand dunes of the Kairakkum desert quite recently lay. About 2 thousand years ago they buried fertile habitable lands under them. The Syr Darya, flowing through this desert, could not block the path of the sands. For centuries, people have dreamed of turning the waters of a wayward river into sandy steppes, turning them into flowering fields.

This dream was realized by the Soviet people. Thousands of builders came to the banks of the Syr Darya: Tajiks and Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz - representatives of many nationalities of the fraternal family of Soviet peoples. The country sent powerful equipment here. On the banks of the river scorched by the sun, the construction of the Kairakkum hydroelectric power station, the largest in Central Asia, with a huge reservoir, began. The whole country helped build the hydroelectric power station: Uzbekistan provided electricity and metal; the metal also came from Kazakhstan; Ural and Voronezh sent excavators; Minsk, Yaroslavl, Gorky - cars. No wonder the Kairakkum hydroelectric power station was called "Friendship of Peoples". Now a large area of ​​the desert has become the bottom of the reservoir - the Tajik Sea. From here, the waters of the Syr-Darya poured into the desert lands. New fields are already producing thousands of tons of "white gold" - cotton.

A significant part of the Dalverzinskaya steppe is also irrigated, including the Yantak massif. The first-born of the seven-year plan - Khoja-Bakirganskaya, Samgarskaya and Yantakskaya pumping stations - went into operation. The fertile waters watered thousands of hectares of virgin lands.

Recently, the fraternal Uzbek SSR transferred part of the Hungry Steppe to Tajikistan. The most powerful pumping station in the country was built here, which supplies Syrdarya water here. The newly created collective farms and state farms grow cotton, plant vineyards and orchards.

In the mountains where the Vakhsh flows, the construction of the Nurek hydroelectric power station has already begun. This will be the most powerful hydroelectric power station in Central Asia - 2.7 million kWh. All Central Asian republics will receive its cheap energy. The Nurek HPP will make it possible to irrigate more than 2 million hectares of land in Central Asia. A cascade of hydroelectric power stations will be built on the mighty mountain river.

According to the Communist Construction Program, the chemical and aluminum industries will be developed in the republic on the basis of the HPP of the Vakhsh cascade and the development of natural gas and dolomite deposits.

But the main wealth of Tajikistan is cotton. The republic ranks first in the country and in the world in terms of its productivity and the second - after Uzbekistan - in terms of collection. Tajiks are experienced cotton growers. From year to year they increase the yield of cotton, allocate more and more land for it. Valuable varieties of cotton are grown in Tajikistan.

There are wonderful cotton growers in the republic. The collective farm "Moscow" has been led by Saidkhodzha Urunkhodzhaev, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, for 25 years. A great expert in cotton growing and a bold innovator, he suggested growing fine-staple cotton where no one had ever grown it. It was believed that the climate of the Ferghana Valley, where the Moscow collective farm is located, was not hot enough for these varieties of cotton. The cotton growers of the collective farm refuted this. For 20 years now they have been getting 30-35 centners of fine-staple cotton from each hectare of their fields!

Mirali Mahmodaliev, Hero of Socialist Labor, runs the collective farm named after. V. I. Lenin. Where until recently there were lush thickets of reeds - a refuge for wild boars and jackals - now there are cotton fields of this collective farm, developed in recent years. Collective farmers collect 40-45 centners of "white gold" per hectare every autumn. Artel has become a school of excellence. Collective farmers learn here how to grow 50 centners of cotton per hectare.

At the Tashkent meeting of cotton growers in 1961, the representative of Tajikistan assured the Soviet people that in the next 2-3 years there would not be a single collective farm or state farm in the republic where less than 25 centners of cotton would be harvested from each hectare.

Cultivated in the republic and other crops, also very valuable, such as geranium and Kazanlak rose. These fragrant plantations provide oils for perfumery. Tajiks also grow flax-curly, sesame, ramie - Chinese nettle, from which some fabrics are made. And on the slopes of the mountains, on non-irrigated lands, rich crops of wheat and barley ripen. Rice, corn, and jugara are sown in the mountain valleys. In accordance with the Program of communist construction, the area under grain crops in the republic will increase in the coming years.

Tajik grapes are fragrant and sweet. And there are no such apricots as Tajik ones anywhere in the world! They are sweeter than the best European and American varieties. Peaches, apples, cherry plums, cherries - what is there in Tajikistan! Recently, lemons, persimmons, pomegranates, figs, and almonds have been grown in the republic. They give good harvests here and watermelons, and fragrant melons, and pumpkins, and tomatoes. Even potatoes are now being planted by the Tajiks, and they have taken root very well, yielding two crops a year. And how many wild apple trees there are, what forests of walnuts and pistachios! More and more land is being set aside in Tajikistan for gardens. Horticulture will soon take second place in importance after cotton growing.

Another important branch of agriculture in the republic is animal husbandry. It is especially developed in the highlands, where agriculture is impossible. Tajiks have been creating breeds of cattle well adapted to local conditions for thousands of years. One of the largest sheep is famous all over the world - the Hissar fat-tailed sheep. Karakul sheep gives a beautiful skin. In recent years, livestock breeders have been working to create a special breed of fine-fleeced sheep. And riding and pack Lokay and Karabair horses are perfectly adapted to mountain conditions. In the high uplands of the Eastern Pamirs, large herds of Kutas yaks and Angora goats graze, the wool of which is very valuable.

Successfully developing here is such an ancient branch of agriculture as sericulture and poultry farming, which is quite young for these places.

The Tajik people put a lot of work into their economy, fields and gardens. But his successes would never have been so great if machines and electricity had not come to his aid. There are more and more agricultural machines in the republic every year, and now it is even difficult to imagine that not so long ago, in 1929, there were only 6 tractors in the whole of Tajikistan. Now there are more than 15 thousand of them!

The poet M. Tursunzade figuratively spoke about the dramatic changes in the life of the Tajik peasantry:

For centuries, like a prisoner, lived

The people of the fathers in the arms of these mountains

And dreamed with secret hope

Get free, get out...

Subdue my people

And, sharing his labor with a man,

Machines serve powerful him.

One of the most remarkable benefits brought to the Tajik people by the Great October Revolution is the cultural revolution. In the old days, there were 200 illiterates for every literate person, and not a single woman could read or write. Throughout the region there were several so-called Russian-native schools, and only the sons of the rich and officials studied in them. And in today's Tajikistan there are more than 2.9 thousand schools. All the children of the republic study in them. In 6 universities of Tajikistan in 1960 - 1961. studied about 20 thousand students. In terms of the development of higher education, Tajikistan has overtaken not only the countries of the foreign East, but also some European countries.

THE MOST POWERFUL IN CENTRAL ASIA

The high-mountainous Pamirs are called the roof of the world. Here, under the clouds, in the glaciers, a river was born, called by the Tajiks Vakhsh - “Wild”, “Terrible”.

When you look at the stormy run of Watch, it seems that no force will ever stop the bubbling, foaming waves.

An old legend warns: "Do not enter into an argument with Vakhsh - the son of the sun and the highest mountains ..." But the Soviet people decided to curb the violent temper of the river, to make it serve the people.

There is a small village Nurek in Tajikistan. Not far from it, squeezed by a gorge, Vakhsh narrows to 12 m. Here the most powerful hydroelectric power station in Central Asia is being erected.

The capacity of the Nurek HPP is 2 million, 700 thousand kilowatts, with an annual electricity generation of 12 billion kWh. In terms of electricity generation, it will exceed several times the combined power plants.

Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and a number of other Asian countries.

The Vakhsh quickly rushes its waters in the Nurek Gorge - up to 5 thousand m 3 per second. Building a dam in such conditions is, of course, impossible. Therefore, before it is erected, the watch is being prepared for a new direction. In October 1962, builders erected a concrete wall as high as a 9-story building and blew up the coastal rocks. Thousand-ton blocks, having fallen into the river, blocked the old channel. Willy-nilly, the river turned into a new course. And where the waters of the "Wild" seethed for centuries, the bright building of the hydroelectric power station rises.

But for the operation of turbines, a constant high pressure of water is needed. Therefore, a three-hundred-meter dam will be erected - this is approximately the height of a hundred-story building. There is no such dam anywhere in the world. It will raise the Vakhsh level to 285 m.

The waters of the Vakhsh will fill the previously prepared bowl of the reservoir, and an artificial lake will appear in Tajikistan. There will be a lot of water in it - 10.5 km 3.

A special spillway controlled by telemechanical devices will protect the Nurek HPP from sudden attacks of nature - unexpected floods of mountain rivers and long-term rains. The builders will insure the HPP against possible earthquakes.

The pacified Vakhsh will also work for the benefit of the agriculture of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan: its waters will irrigate about 1 million hectares of virgin lands. A lot of cotton and other agricultural products will be harvested from the new irrigated fields; cotton harvest in Tajikistan will almost triple.

By 1965, the first three units of the Nurek hydroelectric power station will provide Tajikistan and other Soviet republics of Central Asia with the cheapest electricity in the USSR: the cost of one kilowatt-hour will cost 0.026 kopecks.

The status of women has also changed. “How long ago was it that a woman without a veil could not even glance through the duval (adobe wall surrounding the house. - Ed.) to the street. And if she dared to take at least a few steps from her house without this terrible hoodie, her husband could kill her, ”said one of the Tajik writers. And now more than 10 thousand women work in the industry of the Leninabad region alone. Over 500 of them are production managers. Almost one and a half thousand women are deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Tajik SSR and local Soviets.

A timid, shy girl, Saida Akhadova came to a textile factory in Dushanbe. But a little time passed, and Saida became a master of spinning. She made tons of thread in excess of the task. She was noticed, sent to study. She returned to the plant as a foreman. Now Saida Akhadova is in charge of the shift - the most advanced at the enterprise.

Lutfi Zahidova has a different vocation. She has loved dancing since childhood. The mother, who believed in the old customs, tried to distract the girl from the "demonic dances." According to the old laws, a woman was forbidden to sing and dance in the presence of men. But Lutfi loved dancing more than life itself. She did what seemed impossible then: against the will of her parents, she entered the ballet school, and then - the theater. Now L. Zakhidova is a People's Artist of the USSR, the best ballerina of the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theater named after. S. Aini.

Tajikistan can rightfully be proud of its newspapers, magazines, books - after all, this was never mentioned before. The names of Tajik writers, such as S. Aini, M. Tursunzade, S. Ulugzade, M. Mirshakar, are known in our country, they are also known abroad.

During the years of Soviet power, large smart cities with well-appointed residential areas, theaters, clubs, libraries, and well-equipped hospitals have grown in the republic. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is a brand new city built on the site of a dirty, dusty village. Now here is the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR, 5 universities, 7 secondary specialized educational institutions, many schools. The city also has a film studio for feature and newsreel films.

The center of northern Tajikistan - Leninabad - is one of the most ancient cities of the Tajik land, it has existed for about 3 thousand years. New life is bubbling in this city of cotton and silk. Bypassing the central quarters, where rows of residential buildings, theaters, schools, institutes, clubs, canteens stretch along paved streets, you find yourself on the vast territory of a silk factory. Its bright workshops, surrounded by greenery, are equipped with the latest machines, many labor-intensive processes are mechanized. There are many other industrial enterprises in Leninabad. Leninabad is the gateway to the Ferghana Valley, a major road junction. New buildings are rising around the city. The republic faces great tasks related to the fulfillment of the Party Program and the creation of the material and technical base of a communist society. Every year Tajikistan will produce more and more cotton and agricultural machinery, meat and wool, building materials and electricity.

Fertile land of Tajikistan! And there are kind, hospitable peoples living in it, peoples who recognized freedom only during the years of Soviet power, peoples who, together with our entire country, are building communism.

(448 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 1976). The largest city is Leninabad (121 thousand inhabitants). New cities have grown: Nurek, Ordzhonikidze-abad, Isfara, Regar, Kairakkum, Khorog, etc. The Tajik SSR includes Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug and 2 administrative regions. In April 1977, a third region was formed - Kurgan-Tyubinskaya. The Republic is divided into 41 districts; has 18 cities and 47 urban-type settlements. Nature . Over 90% of the territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the Tien Shan, Gissar-Alay and Pamir systems (with the highest point of the USSR - Communism Peak, 7495 m). On the . - the western outskirts of the Ferghana Valley, in the south-west. - Vakhsh and Gissar valleys. Minerals: non-ferrous and rare metal ores, fluorite, coal, natural gas, table salt. The climate is continental. The average January temperature is from 2, -2 °C in the valleys and foothills of the Yu.-W. and C. to -20 ° C and below in the Pamirs, in July, respectively, from 30 to 0 ° C and below. Precipitation (on plains and in valleys up to a height of 500 m) 150-300 mm per year. The main rivers are the Syr Darya, the Amu Darya (with the Vakhsh), the Zeravshan; lake - Karakul. The soils are gray earth, brown, mountain-meadow. Desert, steppe and alpine-meadow vegetation prevails. History reference. A class society on the territory of Tajikistan arose in the 1st half of the 1st millennium BC. . (State of Bactria). In the 6th-4th centuries. BC e. the territory was ruled by the Iranian Achaemenids, Alexander the Great. From 3 . BC e. was part of the Greco-Bactrian and Kushan kingdoms; during this period, invasions of the Chionites, Ephthalites, and Turks took place; popular uprisings of Mazdak and Abrui. In the 8th c. the people offered heroic resistance to the Arab conquest (Mukanna's uprising). In the 9th-10th centuries. territory within the state of Tahirids and Samanids; the Tajik people were mainly formed. In the 10th - early 13th centuries. was part of the states: Ghaznevids, Karakhanids, Khorezm. In the 13th century conquered by the Mongol-Tatars; national liberation struggle against the Tatar yoke (uprisings of Malik Sanjar, Tarabi, Timur-Melik). In the 14-15 centuries. territory within the Timurid state; from the 16th century - the Khanate of Bukhara and a number of small feudal estates. In 1868, the northern part of the territory was annexed to Russia (parts of the Fergana and Samarkand regions), the Bukhara Khanate in vassal dependence on Russia; inclusion in the system of the all-Russian economy accelerated the emergence of industry. At the beginning of the 20th century the first social-democratic circles appeared. The working people of the region participated in the Revolution of 1905-07, the Central Asian uprising of 1916, the February Revolution of 1917 and the Great October Socialist Revolution. Soviet power in northern Tajikistan was established in November 1917 - February 1918. By the end of 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed throughout the entire territory of Tajikistan. In 1918-1923, with the help of the Red Army, the working people defeated the White Guards and the Basmachi. In 1921-22, land and water reforms were carried out. According to the national-state demarcation, on October 14, 1924, the Tajik ASSR was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR, and on December 5, 1929, the Tajik SSR was a part of the USSR as a union republic. As a result of the industrialization, the collectivization of agriculture and the cultural revolution carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party, a largely socialist society was built in the republic. During the Great Patriotic War, the Tajik people mobilized all their forces to repel fascist aggression. As of January 1, 1976, the Communist Party of Tajikistan had 92,842 members and 3,874 candidate members of the party; there were 313,089 members in the ranks of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Tajikistan; there are 786,080 trade union members in the republic. The Tajik people, together with all the fraternal peoples of the USSR, achieved new successes in communist construction in the post-war decades. The Tajik SSR was awarded the Order of Lenin (1956), the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972) and the Order of the October Revolution (1974). Economy . During the years of socialist construction, Tajikistan became an industrial-agrarian republic. The Tajik SSR in the complex of the national economy of the USSR stands out as one of the areas of cotton growing, the extraction of non-ferrous and rare metal ores, light and food industries. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tajikistan has developed economic ties with all union republics. In 1975, industrial output exceeded the 1940 level by 14 times, and the 1913 level by 121 times. Tab. 1. - Production of the most important types of products Electricity, billion kW h194019701975 0.06 3.2 4.7 Coal, thousand tons204 887 868 Oil (including gas condensate), thousand tons 30 181 274 Gas, million m3 2 388 419 Mineral fertilizers (in conventional units), thousand tons - 252 406 Power transformers, thousand kVA - 13792162 Cement, thousand tons - 8721010 Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, thousand m3 of products - 628 814 Cotton fiber, thousand tons 60 ,9 235.0 277.6 Cotton fabrics, mln. m 0.2 99.9 113.1 Raw silk, tons254 322 355 Silk fabrics, mln. m 1.6 43.2 54.0 Pure wool carpets and carpet products and half-woolen, thousand m2… 3226 3803 Linen knitwear, mln. PCS. 0.5 5.7 5.8 Outerwear, million pieces - 3.6 3.7 Leather shoes, million pairs 0.5 6.1 6.9 Vegetable oil, thousand tons 3.5 68.8 94.5 Canned food, mln conventional cans 13.9 172.8 242.4 Grape wine, thous. 1. The most important power plant is Nurek HPP. Non-ferrous metallurgy was created. The food industry (primarily oil-and-fat, wine-making, and horticultural) accounts for about one-fourth of the gross industrial output (1975). Mechanical engineering and light industry are developed, chemistry is developing. Gross agricultural output in 1975 quadrupled compared to 1940. At the end of 1975 there were 147 state farms and 242 collective farms. In 1975, 28.4 thousand tractors (in physical units; 3.9 thousand in 1940), 2.9 thousand cotton pickers, 1.2 thousand grain harvesters (0.1 thousand in 1940) worked in agriculture. , 13.9 thousand trucks (1.5 thousand in 1940). Agricultural land in 1975 amounted to 4.1 million hectares (29% of the total territory), including arable land - 0.8 million hectares, hayfields - 0.03 million hectares, and pastures - 3.18 million hectares. Irrigation is essential for agriculture. Built: Big Gissar, Dalverzinsky, Big Fergana, Northern Fergana canals; Farhad, Kairakkum, Nurek reservoirs. The area of ​​irrigated land in 1975 reached 567,000 ha. Agriculture provides about 73% of the value of the gross agricultural output (1975). Data on sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops, see Table. 2. Tab. 2. - Sournation and gross collection of crops 194019701975 All sowing square, thousand GA807765702 Cereal Cultures567321200 Cotton106254271 Len-Kudryash 36 8 3 Vegetables 5 12 14 Bakhchy cultures 10 8 8 Ferry crops 55151192 Gross collection, thousand t grains Cults32422276 Vegetables 44206284 The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing. An essential oil crop is cultivated - geranium. Horticulture and viticulture were widely developed. The trench culture of lemons has been mastered. The area of ​​fruit and berry plantations (including citrus fruits) was 66,000 ha in 1975 (21,000 ha in 1940), and vineyards, 22,000 ha (8,000 ha in 1940). The gross harvest of fruits and berries was 276,000 tons in 1975 (121,000 tons in 1940), grapes, 147,000 tons (49,000 tons in 1940). Animal husbandry is predominantly of the distant-pasture type (see Table 3). Developed sericulture. In 1975, 3,400 tons of cocoons were harvested. On the growth of livestock production, see the data in Table. 4. Tab. Table 3. - Number of livestock and poultry (as of January 1), thous. 4. - Production of main products 194019701975 Meat (in slaughter weight), thousand tons 30 64 84 Milk, thousand tons 135285383 Eggs, mln. 38131236 Wool, thousand tons 1.6 4.9 5.3 The operational length of railways was 903 km in 1975, of which 470 km were narrow-gauge. A broad-gauge railway line Termez - Kurgan-Tube - Yavan (264 km) is under construction (1977), over 200 km of which were put into operation in 1974. The length of roads is 13.4 thousand km (1975), including 9 with a hard surface, 7 thousand km. Navigable river routes 0.2 thousand km. Developed air transport. Pipeline transport is represented by gas pipelines in South-Western Tajikistan (from local gas fields) and branches to the cities of Northern Tajikistan from the main gas pipeline Mubarek - Bekabad - Fergana. The gas pipeline Kelif - Dushanbe receives gas from Afghanistan. The standard of living of the population of the republic is steadily rising. The national income for 1966-75 increased 1.8 times. Real incomes per capita in 1975 compared with 1965 increased 1.6 times. Retail turnover of state and cooperative trade (including public catering) increased from 100 million rubles. in 1940 to 1675 million rubles. in 1975, while the turnover per capita - 5.8 times. The amount of deposits in savings banks in 1975 reached 451 million rubles. (5 million rubles in 1940), the average deposit is 750 rubles. (44 rubles in 1940). At the end of 1975, the city's housing stock amounted to 11.9 million m2 of total (usable) area. During 1971-75, 5821 thousand m2 of total (useful) area was put into operation at the expense of the state, collective farms and the population. Cultural building. According to the 1897 census, the literacy of the population was 2.3%. At the beginning of the 20th century in Khojent (now Leninabad), Ura-Tube and other cities, there were 10 so-called. there were no Russian-native schools (in the 1914/15 academic year, 369 students studied in them), there were no secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. After the establishment of Soviet power, a national school was created with teaching in the native language. In 1939, literate people made up 82.8% of the population; according to the 1970 census, 99.6%. In 1975, 82,000 children were being brought up in permanent preschool institutions. In 1975/76 school. 0.9 million students studied in 3.2 thousand general education schools of all types. students, in 59 vocational schools - 23.6 thousand students (including - the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, 6.6 thousand scientists (including university scientists) worked in the scientific institutions of the republic. network of cultural institutions.As of January 1, 1975, there were: 11 theaters, including the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theater, the Tajik Drama Theater, the Republican Theater of Musical Comedy, 1.1 thousand stationary film installations, 1.2 thousand club institutions, the largest republican library - The State Library of the Tajik SSR named after Firdousi (opened in 1933 on the basis of the city library, which arose in 1925, 2.5 million copies of books, brochures, magazines, etc.), 1.4 thousand public libraries (9.4 million . copies of books and magazines), 7 museums. In 1975, 868 titles of books and brochures were published with a total circulation of 6.0 million copies (372 titles with a circulation of 2823 thousand copies in 1940), including 413 titles in the Tajik language with a circulation 4.3 million copies, 61 journal editions about with a total annual circulation of 19.0 million copies. (9 editions, with an annual circulation of 141,000 copies in 1940). 61 newspapers were published with an annual circulation of about 226 million copies. Newspapers are published in Tajik, Russian and other languages. The Tajik Telegraph Agency (TajikTA) has been operating since 1933. The Republican Book Chamber was founded in 1936. The first radio broadcasts began in 1924. In 1975, the republican radio broadcasted in Tajik, Russian, and Uzbek. Television broadcasts have been conducted since 1959. Television center in Dushanbe. In the republic in 1975 there were 278 hospitals with 33,500 beds (121 hospitals with 4,500 beds in 1940); 7.2 thousand doctors and 21.2 thousand paramedical personnel worked (0.6 thousand doctors and 2.7 thousand paramedical personnel in 1940). Balneological and climatic resorts are popular: Obigarm, Khoja-Obigarm. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region was formed on January 2, 1925. It is located within the Pamirs. The area is 63.7 thousand km2. Population 116 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). The average population density is 1.8 people. per 1 km2. Center - Khorog. The leading sector of the economy is agriculture. In 1975 there were 15 state farms and 46 collective farms. The sown area of ​​all agricultural crops in 1975 amounted to 17,100 hectares. Agriculture is irrigated and is concentrated mainly in the Western Pamirs. Gardening, sericulture. Animal husbandry (mainly fat-tailed sheep and yaks) predominates in the Eastern Pamirs. Livestock (as of January 1, 1976, thousand): cattle 63.6, sheep and goats 335.6. In 1975 the volume of industrial output exceeded the level of 1940 by 28 times. The local industry is developing. Salt is mined. In 1975/76 school. 34.8 thousand students studied in 265 general education schools of all types, 287 students in a vocational school, and 68 students in a medical school. Among the scientific institutions is the Pamir Biological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, a theater, 148 public libraries, a museum, the House of Folk Art, 165 club institutions, and 80 stationary film installations were operating. In 1975 there were 138 doctors; there were 980 hospital beds. The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was awarded the Order of Lenin (1967) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) (Tajik. Republic of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Tojikiston, since 1989 - Jumhuria of Shuravia Socialist Republic of Tojikiston) - the official name of Tajikistan in the period from 1929 to 1991.

The Tajik ASSR was formed on October 14, 1924, as part of the Uzbek SSR; On October 16, 1929, it was transformed into the Tajik SSR; on December 5, 1929, it directly became part of the USSR. Located on the south-east. Central Asia. It borders on the west and north with the Uzbek SSR and the Kirghiz SSR, on the east with China, and on the south with Afghanistan. The area is 143.1 thousand km2.
The capital is Dushanbe.

Industry

The light and food industries accounted for over 60% of industrial output. The main branches of heavy industry are electric power, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, and the building materials industry. The basis of the electric power industry was hydroelectric power stations: Nurekskaya, Golovnaya, Baipazinskaya (on the Vakhsh), Kairakkumskaya (on the Syrdarya) and others. As of 1989, the following were under construction: the Rogun HPP, the Sangtudin HPP on the Vakhsh River. Large thermal power plants - in Dushanbe, Yavan. Brown coal was mined (Shurab), oil (in the north and south of the republic), natural gas (Vakhsh, Gissar valleys). Extraction and enrichment of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals (lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum), gold. Non-ferrous metallurgy (an aluminum plant in Tursunzade, a hydrometallurgical plant in Isfara, and others). Mechanical engineering enterprises produced winding, agricultural machines, equipment for trade and public catering enterprises, textile, lighting equipment, transformers, household refrigerators, cables and others (the main center is Dushanbe). The chemical industry developed: plants - nitrogen-fertilizer in Kurgan-Tyube, electrochemical in Yavan, plastics in Dushanbe and others. The main branches of light industry are cotton-cleaning, silk, and carpet weaving (Dushanbe, Leninabad, Kairakkum, and others). Fruit-canning, oil-pressing and fat industries were distinguished in the food industry.

Agriculture

In 1986, there were 299 state farms and 157 collective farms in the republic. Agricultural land amounted to 4.2 million hectares, of which:

arable land - 0.8 million hectares,
pastures - 3.2 million hectares.
In connection with large-scale irrigation work, the area of ​​irrigated land in 1986 reached 662,000 hectares. Agriculture provided about 65% of the gross agricultural output. The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing (the harvest of raw cotton was 922,000 tons in 1986); developed in the Ferghana, Vakhsh, Gissar valleys. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tobacco, geranium, curly flax, and sesame were also cultivated. About 20% of the crops were occupied by grain crops (gross grain harvest - 246 thousand tons in 1986). Vegetable and gourd crops were grown. Fruit growing (including citrus growing) and viticulture were developed. Meat and wool sheep breeding and meat and dairy cattle breeding. Livestock (for 1987, in million heads): cattle - 1.4 (including cows - 0.6), sheep and goats - 3.2. Sericulture.

Transport

Operating length (for 1986):
railways - 470 km,
motorways - 13.2 thousand km (including with a hard surface - 11.6 thousand km).
Tajikistan was supplied with gas from Uzbekistan, Afghanistan (Kelif-Dushanbe gas pipeline), from local gas fields.

Hymn

Chu give rus madad namud, barodarii khalqi council ustuvor shud, sitorai hayoti mo sharorabor shud. Guzashtakhoi purifti hori mo ba ҷilva omadandu dar diyori mo, diyori mo Mustaqil davlati tojikon barqaror shud. Ba holi tab daruni shab Sadoi radi davlati Lenin faro rasid Zi barqi bayraqash siyohi sitam parid Saodati jovidon dar in zamin Zi party ba mo rasid, ba party sad ofarin Mardu ozoda moro chunin ӯ biparvarid. Shiori mo dihad sado: Barobari, barodari miyoni halki mo. Zi honadoni mo kase nameshavad kudo, Yagonagiro ba hud sipar kunem Ba sui fathi communism safar kunem, safar kunem, Zinda bod mulki mo, khalqi mo, Ittikhodi mo.

Translation

Russia's hand for all ages Into a mighty family merged the entire Soviet people. Above us a new fate rises in the rays of dawn. We rekindled hearts with ancient prowess, Everywhere the glory of the native land, native land thunders. In the Tajik state, the Tajik will sing the anthem. We languished under the yoke of darkness. But Lenin's call thundered with grace, A banner flashed like a crimson lightning, piercing the darkness. Happy day, free labor, steel power Brings us dear Stalin, beloved leader, beloved leader. Like a father, he raised us, tempered us in labors, in battles. We command our sons, like us, With a formidable hand to smash the dishonest enemy system And keep eternal fidelity to your big family. Unity has become our battle shield. In all the battles of the enemies we will win, we will win. Live a century, dear land, live a century, our dear Union!

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

The Tajik SSR (Tajikistan) is located in the southeast. Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan in the south and China in the east. Area 143.1 thousand km 2 . Population 3486 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). National composition (according to the 1970 census, thousand people): Tajiks 1630, Uzbeks 666, Russians 344, Tatars 71, Kirghiz 35, Ukrainians 32, etc. The average population density is 24.4 people. per 1 km 2 (as of January 1, 1976). The capital is Dushanbe (448 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 1976). The largest city is Leninabad (121 thousand inhabitants). New cities have grown: Nurek, Ordzhonikidze-abad, Isfara, Regar, Kairakkum, Khorog, etc. The Tajik SSR includes the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug and 2 administrative regions. In April 1977, a third region was formed - Kurgan-Tyubinskaya. The Republic is divided into 41 districts; has 18 cities and 47 urban-type settlements.

Nature. Over 90% of the territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the Tien Shan, Gissar-Alay and Pamir systems (with the highest point of the USSR - Communism Peak, 7495 m). In the north, the western outskirts of the Ferghana Valley; in the southwest. ‒ Vakhsh and Gissar valleys. Minerals: ores of non-ferrous and rare metals, fluorite, coal, natural gas, table salt. The climate is continental. The average January temperature is from 2.2 °C in the valleys and foothills of the Yu.-W. and C. to –20 °С and lower in the Pamirs, July, respectively, from 30 to 0 °С and lower. Precipitation (on plains and in valleys up to a height of 500 m) is 150–300 mm per year. The main rivers are the Syr Darya, the Amu Darya (with the Vakhsh), the Zeravshan; lake - Karakul. The soils are sierozem, brown, mountain-meadow. Desert, steppe and alpine-meadow vegetation prevails.

History reference. A class society on the territory of Tajikistan arose in the 1st half of the 1st millennium BC. e. (State of Bactria). In the 6th-4th centuries. BC e. the territory was ruled by the Iranian Achaemenids, Alexander the Great. From the 3rd c. BC e. was part of the Greco-Bactrian and Kushan kingdoms; during this period, invasions of the Chionites, Ephthalites, and Turks took place; popular uprisings of Mazdak and Abrui. In the 8th c. the people offered heroic resistance to the Arab conquest (Mukanna's uprising). In the 9th-10th centuries. territory within the state of Tahirids and Samanids; mainly formed Tajik people. In the 10th - early 13th centuries. was part of the states: Ghaznevids, Karakhanids, Khorezm. In the 13th century conquered by the Mongol-Tatars; national liberation struggle against the Tatar yoke (uprisings of Malik Sanjar, Tarabi, Timur-Melik). In the 14‒15 centuries. territory within the Timurid state; from the 16th century, the Khanate of Bukhara and a number of small feudal estates. In 1868, the northern part of the territory was annexed to Russia (parts of the Fergana and Samarkand regions), the Bukhara Khanate in vassal dependence on Russia; inclusion in the system of the all-Russian economy accelerated the emergence of industry. At the beginning of the 20th century the first social-democratic circles appeared. The working people of the region took part in the Revolution of 1905–07, the Central Asian uprising of 1916, the February Revolution of 1917, and the Great October Socialist Revolution. Soviet power in northern Tajikistan was established in November 1917-February 1918. By the end of 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed throughout the entire territory of Tajikistan. In 1918‒1923, with the help of the Red Army, the working people defeated the White Guards and the Basmachi. Land and water reforms were carried out in 1921–22. According to the national-state demarcation, on October 14, 1924, the Tajik ASSR was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR, and on December 5, 1929, the Tajik SSR was a part of the USSR as a union republic. As a result of the industrialization, the collectivization of agriculture and the cultural revolution carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party, a largely socialist society was built in the republic.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Tajik people mobilized all their forces to repel fascist aggression.

As of January 1, 1976, the Communist Party of Tajikistan had 92,842 members and 3,874 candidate members of the party; there were 313,089 members in the ranks of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Tajikistan; there are 786,080 trade union members in the republic.

The Tajik people, together with all the fraternal peoples of the USSR, achieved new successes in communist construction in the post-war decades.

The Tajik SSR was awarded the Order of Lenin (1956), the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972) and the Order of the October Revolution (1974).

Economy. During the years of socialist construction, Tajikistan became an industrial-agrarian republic. The Tajik SSR in the complex of the national economy of the USSR stands out as one of the areas of cotton growing, the extraction of non-ferrous and rare metal ores, and the light and food industries. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tajikistan has developed economic ties with all union republics.

In 1975, the volume of industrial output exceeded the level of 1940 by 14 times, and the level of 1913 by 121 times.

Tab. 1. ‒ Production of key products

Electricity, billion kWh

═══3,2

═══4,7

Coal, thousand tons

Oil (including gas condensate), thousand tons

Gas, million m 3

Mineral fertilizers (in arbitrary units), thousand tons

Power transformers, thousand kVA

Cement, thousand tons

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, thousand m 3 products

Cotton fiber, thousand tons

Cotton fabrics, million m

Raw silk, t

Silk fabrics, million m

Carpets and rugs, pure wool and semi-woolen, thousand m 2

Linen knitwear, million pieces

═══5,7

Outerwear, million pieces

═══3,6

Leather shoes, million pairs

═══6,1

Vegetable oil, thousand tons

Canned food, mln conditional cans

Grape wine, thousand dal

On the production of the most important types of industrial products, see the data in Table. one.

The most important power plant is the Nurek HPP. Non-ferrous metallurgy was created. The food industry (primarily oil-and-fat, wine-making, and horticultural) accounts for about one-fourth of the gross industrial output (1975). Mechanical engineering and light industry are developed, and chemistry is developing.

Gross agricultural output in 1975 quadrupled compared to 1940. At the end of 1975 there were 147 state farms and 242 collective farms. In 1975, 28.4 thousand tractors (in physical units; 3.9 thousand in 1940), 2.9 thousand cotton pickers, 1.2 thousand grain harvesters (0.1 thousand in 1940) worked in agriculture. , 13.9 thousand trucks (1.5 thousand in 1940). Agricultural land in 1975 amounted to 4.1 million hectares (29% of the total territory), including arable land - 0.8 million hectares, hayfields - 0.03 million hectares, and pastures - 3.18 million hectares. Irrigation is important for agriculture. Built: Big Gissar, Dalverzinsky, Big Fergana, Northern Fergana canals; Farhad, Kairakkum, Nurek reservoirs. The area of ​​irrigated land in 1975 reached 567,000 ha. Agriculture provides about 73% of the value of the gross agricultural output (1975). Data on sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops, see Table. 2.

Tab. 2. ‒ Cultivated areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops

Total sown area, thousand ha

Cereal crops

Cotton

Curly flax

gourds

Forage crops

Gross harvest, thousand tons

Cereal crops

Raw cotton

The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing. An essential oil crop is cultivated - geranium. Horticulture and viticulture were widely developed. The trench culture of lemons has been mastered. The area of ​​fruit and berry plantations (including citrus fruits) was 66,000 ha in 1975 (21,000 ha in 1940), and vineyards, 22,000 ha (8,000 ha in 1940). The gross harvest of fruits and berries was 276,000 tons in 1975 (121,000 tons in 1940), grapes, 147,000 tons (49,000 tons in 1940).

Animal husbandry is predominantly of the distant-pasture type (see Table 3). Developed sericulture. In 1975, 3,400 tons of cocoons were harvested.

On the growth of livestock production, see the data in Table. 4.

Cattle

including cows

Pigs

Sheep and goats

Horses

Bird, million

═══2,7

═══4,1

Tab. 4. ‒ Manufacture of basic products

Meat (in slaughter weight), thousand tons

Milk, thousand tons

Eggs, mln.

Wool, thousand tons

The operational length of railways was 903 km in 1975, of which 470 km were narrow-gauge. A broad-gauge railway line Termez - Kurgan-Tube - Yavan (264 km) is under construction (1977), over 200 km of which were put into operation in 1974. The length of roads is 13.4 thousand km (1975), including with a hard surface 9, 7 thousand km. Navigable river routes 0.2 thousand km. Developed air transport. Pipeline transport is represented by gas pipelines in South-Western Tajikistan (from local gas fields) and branches to the cities of Northern Tajikistan from the main gas pipeline Mubarek - Bekabad - Fergana. The Kelif-Dushanbe gas pipeline supplies gas from Afghanistan.

The standard of living of the population of the republic is steadily rising. The national income for 1966-75 increased 1.8 times. Real incomes per capita in 1975 compared with 1965 increased 1.6 times. Retail turnover of state and cooperative trade (including public catering) increased from 100 million rubles. in 1940 to 1675 million rubles. in 1975, while the turnover per capita - 5.8 times. The amount of deposits in savings banks in 1975 reached 451 million rubles. (5 million rubles in 1940), the average deposit is 750 rubles. (44 rubles in 1940). At the end of 1975, the city housing stock amounted to 11.9 million m 2 total (usable) area. During 1971–75, 5,821,000 m 2 total (usable) area.

Cultural building. According to the 1897 census, the literacy of the population was 2.3%. At the beginning of the 20th century in Khojent (now Leninabad), Ura-Tube and other cities, there were 10 so-called. there were no Russian-native schools (in the 1914/15 academic year, 369 students studied in them), there were no secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. After the establishment of Soviet power, a national school was created with teaching in the native language. In 1939, literate people made up 82.8% of the population; according to the 1970 census, 99.6%.

In 1975, 82,000 children were being brought up in permanent preschool institutions.

In 1975/76 school. 0.9 million students studied in 3.2 thousand general education schools of all types, 23.6 thousand students studied in 59 vocational schools (including 23 vocational schools providing secondary education, 8.7 thousand students studied), 38.1 thousand students studied in 38 secondary specialized educational institutions, 50.4 thousand students studied in 9 universities. The largest universities: Tajik University, Tajik Medical Institute, Agricultural Institute.

In 1975, 737 people had higher and secondary (complete and incomplete) education per 1,000 people employed in the national economy. (45 people in 1939).

The largest scientific institution is the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, 6,600 scientists (including university scientists) worked in the scientific institutions of the republic.

The network of cultural institutions has received significant development. As of January 1, 1975, there were: 11 theaters, including the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Tajik Drama Theatre, the Republican Theater of Musical Comedy; 1.1 thousand stationary film installations; 1.2 thousand club institutions; the largest republican library is the State Library of the Tajik SSR. Firdousi (opened in 1933 on the basis of the city library, which arose in 1925, 2.5 million copies of books, brochures, magazines, etc.); 1.4 thousand mass libraries (9.4 million copies of books and magazines); 7 museums.

In 1975, 868 titles of books and pamphlets were published with a total circulation of 6.0 million copies. (372 titles with a circulation of 2823 thousand copies in 1940), including 413 titles in the Tajik language with a circulation of 4.3 million copies; 61 journal editions were published with a total annual circulation of 19.0 million copies. (9 editions, with an annual circulation of 141,000 copies in 1940). 61 newspapers were published with an annual circulation of about 226 million copies. Newspapers are published in Tajik, Russian and other languages.

The Tajik Telegraph Agency (TajikTA) has been operating since 1933. The Republican Book Chamber was founded in 1936. The first radio broadcasts began in 1924. In 1975, the republican radio broadcasted in Tajik, Russian, and Uzbek. Television broadcasts have been conducted since 1959. Television center in Dushanbe.

In the republic in 1975 there were 278 hospitals with 33,500 beds (121 hospitals with 4,500 beds in 1940); 7.2 thousand doctors and 21.2 thousand paramedical personnel worked (0.6 thousand doctors and 2.7 thousand paramedical personnel in 1940). Balneological and climatic resorts are popular: Obigarm, Khoja-Obigarm.

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was formed on January 2, 1925. It is located within the Pamirs. Area 63.7 thousand km 2 . Population 116 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). The average population density is 1.8 people. per 1 km 2 . Center - Khorog.

The leading sector of the economy is agriculture. In 1975 there were 15 state farms and 46 collective farms. The sown area of ​​all agricultural crops in 1975 amounted to 17,100 hectares. Agriculture is irrigated and is concentrated mainly in the Western Pamirs. Gardening, sericulture. Animal husbandry (mainly fat-tailed sheep and yaks) predominates in the Eastern Pamirs. Livestock (as of January 1, 1976, thousand): cattle 63.6, sheep and goats 335.6. In 1975, industrial output exceeded the 1940 level by 28 times. The local industry is developing. Salt is mined.

In 1975/76 school. 34.8 thousand students studied in 265 general education schools of all types, 287 students in a vocational school, and 68 students in a medical school. Among the scientific institutions is the Pamir Biological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR.

In 1975, a theater, 148 public libraries, a museum, the House of Folk Art, 165 club institutions, and 80 stationary film installations were operating.

In 1975 there were 138 doctors; there were 980 hospital beds.

The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was awarded the Order of Lenin (1967) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).

• - sheep, semi-coarse-haired, fat-tailed. Bred in 1947-63 in the Taj. SSR by crossing Hissar queens with Saraja rams: crossbreeds of Lincoln rams with Hissar queens were also used ...

  Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary

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• - The main principles of Soviet foreign policy The Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917 created a state of a new type - the Soviet socialist state - and thus laid the foundation ...
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• - The Tajik SSR is located in the south-east. Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan in the south and China in the east. The area is 143.1 thousand km2. Population 3486 thousand people. ...

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• - an intermountain depression located between the mountain structures of Gissar-Alay, Pamir and Hindu Kush. In the Mesozoic, Paleogene and Neogene, the area of ​​stable sedimentation ...

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• - sheep, a breed of semi-coarse-haired fat-tailed sheep. Bred in the Tajik SSR by crossing Hissar queens with Saraja rams; crossbreeds of Lincoln rams with Hissar queens were also used ... From the book Rehabilitation: how it was March 1953 - February 1956. the author Artizov A N

  No. 3 ORDER OF THE USSR MINISTER OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS, THE USSR MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND THE USSR PROSECUTOR GENERAL "ON THE PROCEDURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECREE OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE USSR SUPERIOR COUNCIL OF MARCH 27, 1953 "ON AMNESTY"" March 28, 1953 No. 08/012/85с USSR from 27

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  From WikiLeaks. Compromise on Russia author author unknown

  The Tajik stance towards Western NGOs is noticeably toughening 15. (C) Lately, however, we have noted a gradual hardening of the Tajik side's stance. Although Tajikistan is not expected to adopt new laws against NGOs (similar to those in force in Kazakhstan

TAJIK SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC, Tajikistan(T.) is a union republic located in the southern part of the USSR, in the southeast of Central Asia. It borders with China, Afghanistan; internal borders - with the Uzbek and Kirghiz SSR. The area is 143.1 thousand km 2, the population is 4119 thousand people. (1981). The capital city of Dushanbe (530 thousand inhabitants, 1983). The Tajik SSR includes 4 regions (Leninabad, Kulyab, Kurgan-Tyube and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Regions) and 8 districts of republican subordination.

The Tajik SSR was formed as an autonomous republic within the Uzbek SSR on October 14, 1924; On October 16, 1929, it was transformed into the Tajik SSR and on December 5, 1929, it directly became part of the USSR as an equal union republic.

The relief of the Tajik SSR is mountainous: 93% of the area is occupied by mountains belonging to the Tien Shan, Gissar-Alay and Pamir systems, while almost 1/2 of the territory is located at an altitude of more than 3000 m above sea level. m. Plain spaces - mainly river valleys of the Turan lowland and intermountain basins.

The climate is continental, characterized by sharp seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature and precipitation.

The bowels of T. are rich in various minerals: deposits of lead, zinc, gold, noble spinel, lapis lazuli, etc. have long been known. 25 types of mineral raw materials. Mining, oil, gas and chemical industries are successfully developing on their basis. industry. In terms of water resources, Tajikistan ranks second in the USSR (after the RSFSR).

Having embarked on the path of socialist development, the Tajik SSR in a short historical period became a republic with a developed industry and mechanized agriculture, advanced culture and science. The industry of Tajikistan is represented by more than 90 branches and types of production. Its structure is dominated by the light and food industries. Cotton growing is the leading branch of agriculture in the republic. The production of grain, fodder, oilseeds, subtropical crops, geranium, tobacco, vegetables, gourds, grapes, as well as forestry and sericulture is developed. Animal husbandry plays an important role in agriculture.

Socialist transformations in agriculture - the creation of large highly mechanized collective farms and state farms, farming on a modern technological basis, contributed to a significant increase in the cash income of collective farms, which in 1980 were 17 times more than in 1940. National income in 1980 increased by 3.5 times compared to 1960. Capital investments reached 970 million rubles. The cost of industrial output amounted to 3 billion 506 million rubles (in 1975 prices).

Before the establishment of Soviet power, there were an insignificant number of literate people in Tajikistan; it is now a republic of solid literacy. During the years of Soviet power, 10 universities, 38 secondary specialized educational institutions, and a number of scientific research institutions were created in the republic.

Geographical, natural and historical conditions determined the great unevenness in the distribution of the population across the territory of the republic. Valleys and intermontane depressions are densely populated; for example, in the Gissar valley, the population density reaches 100 or more people per 1 km2. In the mountainous districts, the population density is 4-10 people. per 1 km2. The least populated is the Eastern Pamir, where there are 0.4 people per 1 km2.

T. is a multinational republic. Its indigenous population - Tajiks - is one of the oldest peoples of Central Asia (58.8%, according to the 1979 census), Uzbeks (22.9%), Russians (10.4%), Tatars (2.1%) also live , Kyrgyz (1.3%), Turkmen (0.4%), Ukrainians (0.9%), Jews (0.4%).

The fundamental changes that took place during the years of Soviet power in the economy and culture of the Tajik SSR had a decisive influence on the rate of population reproduction, its structure and distribution. The population in 1981 compared with 1913 increased by almost 4 times; 35% is urban and 65% rural. Population growth is mainly due to natural increase. In terms of natural growth (30.4 per 1,000 inhabitants, 1980), Tajikistan ranks first in the USSR, which is the result of not only a high birth rate, but also an improvement in the well-being of the people, the health care system, a decrease in mortality, and an increase in life expectancy. The high rates of development of the republic's productive forces contribute to a large influx of people from other republics of the USSR.

Available statistical data on morbidity in Khujand district (1916) show that 70% of inpatients and 80% of outpatients were € inf. diseases.

Thanks to the systematic rise of the economy, the improvement of the social and living conditions of the people, the expansion to lay down. - prof. smallpox, plague, cholera, malaria, relapsing fever, papa-patachi fever, and trachoma have long since been eliminated in the republic; the incidence of typhoid fever, dysentery, brucellosis and anthrax decreased tenfold. The incidence of typhus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and tetanus has been reduced to isolated cases. The healthcare system began to take shape in T. after the October Revolution virtually from scratch: in 1913 there was only 1 hospital with 40 beds in the republic. By 1929, there were already 22 medical and prof. institutions with 990 beds. Public health received intensive development after the formation of the Tajik SSR; the first hospitals and outpatient clinics appeared in cities and regions, institutions for the protection of motherhood and childhood were created, as well as sanitary and anti-epidemic institutions, tropstations, sanitary and bacteriological laboratories, etc.

Medical personnel. In 1913, only 13 doctors and 32 paramedical workers worked on the territory of present-day T., among which there was not one of the indigenous nationalities.

After the establishment of Soviet power, doctors and paramedics from the fraternal republics (RSFSR, Ukraine, etc.) began to arrive in the republic. Along with this, measures were taken in the republic to create a base for training personnel on the spot. Already in the early 30s. in the city of Khujand (now Leninabad) a honey was opened. technical school, in the city of Stalinabad (now Dushanbe) - honey. in-t and honey. technical College. The first Tajik doctors were U. M. Muminov and X. U. Umarov, who graduated from medical school. faculty of the university in 1931. In the mid-30s. honey. technical schools released the first paramedical workers. Educational institutions of the republic, however, could not fully satisfy the rapidly growing demand for medical care. frames. Some of the doctors in T. were sent from other republics.

Of the total number of persons working in the health care system of the republic in 1982, there were St. 10 thousand doctors and more than 25 thousand paramedical workers.

The growth in the provision of the population with medical personnel from 1913 to 1980 is reflected in Table. one.

Medical education. Training of specialists with higher honey. education (doctors, pharmacists, dentists) is carried out in the Tajik State Medical Institute. Abu Ali Ibn-Sina, created in 1939 Ying-t annually releases apprx. 600 specialists. In addition, every year, entrants from T. are sent to the country's medical universities.

Paramedical workers (paramedics, midwives, nurses, dental technicians, pharmacists, sanitary paramedics, paramedical laboratory assistants) are trained by 6 medical schools, the annual release of which is more than 2000 people.

Specialization and improvement of medical personnel are carried out on the basis of the Faculty of Improvement of Doctors at the Tajik State Medical Institute, TsIU and other institutes for the improvement of doctors in the country. In addition, doctors improve their skills at annual field improvement cycles, republican seminars and through internships at the country's research institutes. Advanced training of paramedical workers is carried out at the Republican School for Advanced Training of Paramedical Workers, organized in 1981, as well as in medical. schools on bases of republican and regional to lay down. - the prof. institutions.

Hospital help. In table. 2 shows the data characterizing the growth of the network of hospitals in the republic and the provision of the population with a bed fund. The data show that in 1980 the number of hospital beds in Tajikistan was 990 times more than in 1913 and almost 9 times more than in 1940. The decrease in the number of hospitals was due to their reorganization and enlargement.

A wide network of hospitals has been created in the republic, which makes it possible to provide timely inpatient medical care to the population not only in cities, but also in the most remote mountainous areas. On a large scale, specialization of the bed fund and equipment is carried out to lay down. institutions with modern equipment and apparatus.

Children's inf. operate in the republic. hospitals, anti-tuberculosis hospitals, etc. The largest hospital in the republic with 1,610 beds operates in Dushanbe. Nephrological, burn, cardiological, pulmonological, rheumatological, hematological and other centers have been organized. The resuscitation and anesthesiology service is intensively developing: intensive care and anesthesiology departments are created in all major medical institutions. institutions.

Oncological assistance to the population is being expanded and improved. The specialization of therapeutic care (gastroenterology, endocrinology, etc.) was further developed.

Outpatient care. In order to bring specialized medical care closer to the population, a network of dispensaries, outpatient clinics, etc. was created. , 3 endocrinological dispensaries. There are 5 medical and physical education dispensaries and 70 stations and emergency medical departments in the republic.

The number of medical visits increased by 1 inhabitant. from 1.8 in 1940 to 7.3 in 1981 (taking into account medical visits to patients at home).

Protection of motherhood and childhood. High birth rates, a significant percentage of children in the republic emphasize the exceptional importance of the problem of protecting the health of women and children.

The first institutions for the protection of motherhood and infancy were organized in 1925 in Dushanbe.

In the future, every year the network of obstetric and children's medical and preventive, preschool and sanatorium institutions expanded (in rural areas they were created according to a standard project and with the involvement of funds from collective farms and state farms); the number of maternity, gynecological and children's beds increased.

In 1980, there were 12 maternity hospitals and 66 maternity wards with 3,992 beds in T.; 140 children's hospitals and departments for 6503 beds. Much attention is paid to the organization of specialized care for children. In 1982, specialized care for children in outpatient clinics and polyclinics was provided in 18-21 specialties in cities and 6-8 in rural areas.

In institutions of obstetrics departments (chambers) of nursing of premature babies are created, at all large children's b-tsah - departments (chambers) of resuscitation and intensive care, pathology of newborns and nursing of premature babies. Organized specialized pediatric teams (including resuscitation) at stations (departments) of emergency medical care; their number is constantly increasing.

To bring qualified medical care closer to women and children living in remote rural areas, mobile obstetric-gynecological and pediatric teams have been created and are functioning on the basis of central district BCs (CRH).

27 specialized children's sanatoriums (cardiology, pulmonology, tuberculosis, etc.) have been created in the health care system of the republic. A network of children's "dairy kitchens" is developing (from 45 in 1975 to 103 in 1980). Distribution points have been opened in rural areas. The network of preschool institutions is expanding. is 55.0 'thousand, then in 1980 in 720 preschool institutions it reached 109.0 thousand, specialized groups (nursery-kindergartens), boarding schools for sick children were created. The result of this great work is a significant improvement in health indicators women and the physical development of children.

Dental care. If in 1940 there were 42 dental and prosthetic offices, in which only 6 dentists, 59 dentists and 16 dental technicians worked, then in 1980 there were 10 dental clinics in the republic (5 in Dushanbe, 4 in Leninabad, 1 - in Kurgan-Tyube) and a significant number of dental and dental offices in clinics, hospitals, and schools. Stomatol. assistance to the population of remote mountain districts is provided by special teams, to-rye are equipped with the necessary equipment. There is a department of maxillofacial pathology in Dushanbe (for 60 beds) and in the Leninabad region (for 50 beds).

Medical assistance to employees of industrial enterprises, construction and transport is one of the most important tasks of the health authorities of the republic. In 1947, for the first time in the Tajik SSR, MSCH were organized to serve mining workers in the village of Konsai and for miners in the city of Shurab. In the 50s. in T., there were 4 medical units with hospitals with a total capacity of 130 beds, 27 medical and 43 medical assistant health posts. In 1963, the Republican Dispensary for Occupational Pathology was organized with a department for 50 beds. In 1980, medical assistance to workers was provided by 11 medical units with hospitals with a total capacity of 755 beds, 34 medical health centers, 321 medical assistants and 87 workshops. Besides, workers of the industry provide specialized medical care in district, city, regional and republican to lay down. - the prof. institutions, and also in clinics of the Tajik medical institute (see).

Medical assistance to the rural population. Significant work has been done in the republic to improve rural health care. Central district hospitals have become centers for providing qualified and specialized care to rural residents; the volume of the rendered medical aid to rural population by experts of republican, regional and city clinical BC increases. The network of rural medical outpatient clinics has received further development. Their number from 78 in 1977 increased to 139 in 1982. In addition, 114 rural precinct BCs, 1225 feldsher-obstetric stations function in the village.

In order to improve the organization of emergency and emergency medical care for the rural population, ambulance stations are being created in areas with a population of St. 100 thousand inhabitants

Work continues on the organization of inter-district highly specialized departments (traumatology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, urology, etc.). A network of mobile honey is growing. services (medical outpatient clinics, women's and children's consultations, fluorographic, physiotherapy rooms, wedges, laboratories, etc.). Means a dignity began to be used more widely. aviation. In April 1983, an All-Union Conference was held in Dushanbe to exchange experience in organizing the medical and sanitary provision of shepherds engaged in transhumance.

The action plan for further improvement of medical - a dignity is developed. ensuring and improving the protection of the health of the rural population. Together with other ministries and departments, it is necessary to carry out work on the construction of feldsher-obstetric stations, medical outpatient clinics and district BCs in the countryside according to standard projects. Funds from collective and state farms are widely drawn for these purposes.

The sanitary and epidemiological service in the Tajik SSR began to develop since 1928, when a special resolution on dignity was adopted. organs of the republic and a sanitary and anti-epidemic department was organized under the People's Commissariat of Health. The first dignity. institutions in the republic were malaria, pasteur and chemical-bacteriological stations (in Kulyab, Dushanbe and Khojent); the first complex dignity. establishments - SES, to-rye began to create in 1932. In 1980 dignity. - epidemiological. The service was represented by 57 SES, 2 disinfection and 1 anti-plague stations. As a part of SES 80 bacteriological and dignity are unrolled. laboratories, including 13 - in communal hygiene, 12 - in food hygiene, 9 - industrial, as well as radiological, toxicological, physico-chemical and other laboratories.

Considerable attention is paid to the improvement of cities and other populated areas, environmental protection. There are 559 water pipelines and 294 sewerage systems in operation in the republic (1980), 95 gas and dust collection facilities have been put into operation.

Development of a network dignity. - epid. institutions, strengthening of their material and technical base allowed to strengthen the state dignity. supervision, increase the quantity and improve the quality of the lab. methods of control, which led to a decrease inf. incidence and provided a dignity. - epidemiological. prosperity of the republic.

Sanatorium-resort assistance. Many to lay down. The sources of mineral waters on the territory of Tajikistan have been known for a long time, but the development of resort business in the republic began only in the 1930s. So, in 1934 at an altitude of 1740-1960 m above sea level. m., the first climatic and balneological resort in the republic, Khodzha-Obigarm, with 25 seasonal beds, began to operate. In 1947, the Obigarm resort was organized for 50 seasonal beds. In 1953, a balneological sanatorium for 25 seasonal beds was opened in the village of Shoambary (26 km from Dushanbe); in 1954, not far from Ura-Tube, the seasonal balneary "Khavatag" began to function, and in 1959, the seasonal balneary "Garmchashma" for 25 beds (in the Pamirs). In 1977, the Uratyube sanatorium was opened for 350 beds in summer and 150 beds in winter. There are salt lakes with therapeutic silt mud in the republic (Aksukon and Tanapchi, etc.).

All resorts are specialized. At the Khodja-Obigarm resort, people suffering from diseases of the organs of movement, the cardiovascular system, hron, pathology of the female genital organs and upper respiratory tract are treated. At the Obigarm resort, nervous, gynecological and skin problems are successfully treated, and at the Shoambary sanatorium - l. -ki ni. and liver diseases. Sanatoriums "Uratyube" and "Zum-rad" are mainly of a cardiological profile.

During the years of Soviet power, new standard buildings were built in the sanatoriums of T., the number of beds in them was significantly increased, labor-intensive processes were mechanized, and the provision of medical care was improved. personnel. In 1981, 154,353 people were treated and rested in sanatoriums and rest institutions of the Tajik SSR, including 22,689 people in rest houses and boarding houses.

The industrial bottling of the waters of Shoambary, Faizabad, An-zob and others was organized.

Health education. In the years of the formation of Soviet power dignity. - clearance, work in T. was carried out mainly by honey. employees of the military sanitary units. The activities of the health authorities to combat diseases were to a certain extent hampered by the superstitions and prejudices that existed at that time among the majority of the population, and a negative attitude towards Soviet medicine. To san.-clearance. From the very first days of Soviet power, teachers and other representatives of the intelligentsia were involved in work, who knew the local language and enjoyed authority among the population. In the 30s. various exhibitions on health issues began to be organized. More and more leaflets, memos, posters, methodical collections and other dignity were published. materials. The first House of health education in the republic was organized in Dushanbe in 1938. Med. and gig. education of the population in 1980 was carried out by 25 houses and 13 offices of health education, 126 folk high fur boots and 25 health schools.

Pharmacy business. Before the revolution, throughout the territory of present-day T. there was only one small private pharmacy in the city of Khujand, which was closed in 1917. In 1924, the first pharmacy in the republic was opened in Dushanbe; 4 pharmacists worked there. In the same year, the first sanitary hygiene store was organized. In 1929, under the People's Commissariat of Health of the Republic, the Main Pharmacy Administration was created, which was in charge of 10 pharmacies. In 1940, 71 pharmacies operated in the Tajik SSR (12 in cities and 59 in rural areas).

In 1980, the pharmacy network of the republic consisted of 4 regional and 1 city pharmacy departments, 4 pharmacy warehouses, 4 control and analytical laboratories, 352 pharmacies (147 in cities and 205 in rural areas), 36 central district, 13 hospital and 8 interhospital pharmacies, 583 pharmacy points and 18 drugstore branches. There is a farm in the republic. a factory that produces products of 67 types of medicines, with an annual output of goods for 920 thousand rubles.

Along with the quantitative growth of the pharmacy chain, its qualitative indicators have immeasurably grown and improved. Pharmacies are equipped with advanced equipment and modern. pharmacy furniture, the use of the production area of ​​pharmacies is planned in a new way; many innovations have been introduced to facilitate the work of pharmacists.

New progressive forms of public service are being introduced: there are 11 pharmacies. information, according to the prescriptions of doctors, medicines are dispensed through the branches of pharmacies at large polyclinics, etc.

Increasing the material well-being and cultural level of workers, the approach of honey. and drug care to the population, an increase in budget allocations to lay down. - prof. institutions for the purchase of medicines contributed to a sharp increase in the release of medicines and honey products. destination.

Since 1935, scientists, together with practitioners, began to study such widespread diseases at that time as malaria and intestinal infections, tick-borne spirochetosis, leishmaniasis, brucellosis, etc. diseases.

Significant development of medical science was observed in the postwar years. In 1946, a group of doctors was sent from T. to scientific institutions in Moscow.

Established in 1959 in Dushanbe under the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR, the Institute of Regional Medicine (now the Institute of Gastroenterology) began its activities by studying the nutrition of the population, traditional medicine, the use of local medicinal herbs, resort resources. In 1971 the problem laboratory of pathology of women, hereditary and congenital diseases was organized, on the basis of a cut in 1980 the Scientific Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood was created.

In the promotion and implementation of the achievements of honey. science into practice, an important role is played by the journal “Health of Tajikistan”, published since 1933.

Every year the number of medical scientists from the national staff is growing. In 1981, there was St. 300 doctors with scientific degrees, including 51 doctors of medicine. Sciences. Among them, 16 people. have an honorary title scientists, two were elected to the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, two - to the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR, four were awarded the title of laureate of the Abu Ali Ibn-Sina Prize. The names of M. G. Gulyamov, Yu. B. Iskhaki (see vol. 10, additional materials), X. X. Mansurov, Yu. N. Nuraliev, A. T. Pulatova, Ya. A. Rakhimov, K. T. Tadzhieva, N. U. Usmanova, K. A. Khasanova, A. I. Shurenkova and others.

In 1982, 24 republican scientific medical institutions functioned in the Tajik SSR. about-va.

All research work carried out in the healthcare system is coordinated and controlled by the Scientific Medical Council, which has been functioning since 1932 under the Ministry of Health of the Republic.

Health budget. From year to year, allocations for health needs are increasing. In 1981, the health care budget was 161.0 million rubles, which is 23 times more than in 1940, when only 6.9 million rubles were allocated for health care.

Table 1

GROWTH OF PROVISION OF THE POPULATION, FITTING ON THE TERRITORY OF THE TAJIK SSR, WITH MEDICAL STAFF IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (from 1913 to 1980; people)

table 2

DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF HOSPITAL INSTITUTIONS AND SECURITY OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE TAJIK SSR WITH BEDS COMPARED TO THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1913 - 1981)

Bibliography: National Economy of the USSR in 1982, Statistical Yearbook, M., 1983.

I. A. SAZHENIN