Character is a manifestation of an emotional reaction in a person's behavior in various relationships and specific situations. The character of a certain person and all his features of the manifestation of qualities are a consequence of upbringing and living conditions in a social society.

Of course, individual adjustment and various life circumstances affect human psychology, but the formation and development of higher mental functions and genetic characteristics are laid down and formed in the womb, so when a person is born, he shows his individual characteristics almost from the first days. Any person can be characterized and assigned a certain type of personality.

Also, you can pay attention to the manifestation of characteristic typical features of different peoples, i.e. there are general definitions of specific nationalities. For example, the character of the Russian is clearly different from other national mentalities.

The temperament of a Russian person:

• “Breadth and generosity of the soul”, which is absent in most nations.
• Patience, perseverance and endurance.
• Craving for justice and compassion.
• Of the negative: laziness, pessimism, hypocrisy and foul language.

It is easy to define a Russian person by temperament, foreign nations associate a Russian person as someone who loves to walk "in a big way", they have always been surprised by the generosity, steadfastness and selflessness of the Russian people. Only a Russian person has an original sense of humor, which perplexes foreign brethren. Many foreign men believe that a Russian woman is the best companion for life, as she has responsiveness, humanity, loyalty and compassion.

Also, a decent barrier for foreigners is the study of the Russian language, it is considered the most difficult due to excessive emotionality and the double meaning of identical words. The qualities in people of the Russian warehouse, their attitude towards other people of the social environment, are more inclined to respect religious traditions. Attitude towards Christianity, observance of religious rites begins with the origins of the formation of the Slavic race.

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Individual characteristics in people, the identification of their signs is an indicator of the true face of a Russian person, what qualities and abilities can manifest themselves in non-standard situations of a social society. The psychology of a Russian person, flexibility of mind, extraordinary endurance, selflessness, love for the motherland, the manifestation of compassion more than once convinced opponents of their strength and steadfastness.

Classification of character traits

Traits
emotional	Volitional	Moral	intellectual
Emotionality	persistence	Honesty	Curiosity
Cheerfulness	Independence	Responsiveness	Wits
Impressionability	Uncertainty	Kindness	Resourcefulness
	Determination	Cruelty	Frivolity
	Courage		Thoughtfulness

The psychology of varying degrees of manifestation of the character of each person is individual and is formed throughout life, changing depending on the social environment. There is a certain classification to which a person can be attributed.

List of manifestations in people's behavior and assessment of qualities in social situations.

1. Volitional qualities are features of the properties of a particular person that manifest themselves in non-standard situations (endurance, patience, stubbornness, courage, cowardice, courage, discipline, etc.)
2. Emotional manifestations are the duration of mental processes in a certain person in specific situations (negative, positive, dynamic, neutral, statistical, non-traditional).
3. Intellectual features of an individual person, the quality of a person’s thinking (breadth, depth, flexibility, criticality, stupidity, etc.)

List of manifestations of the qualities of people

Attitude to the surrounding world, divided into four types:

• I'm good - everyone is good.
• I'm good, everyone's bad.
• I'm bad - everyone is good.
• I'm bad - everyone is bad.
• Attitude towards one's personality (self-respect, self-criticism, arrogance, self-esteem, etc.).
• Attitude towards work (laziness, diligence, accuracy, tolerance, negligence, punctuality, responsibility, etc.).
• Attitude in social environment groups (sociability, isolation, truthfulness, deceit, politeness, rudeness, etc.).

Types of human temperament

Temperament is the constant features of the individual behavior of a particular person, which are equally manifested in various activities. There are four types of definitions which are:

1. Sanguine, characterized by increased mobility, working capacity has pronounced mimic emotional manifestations in facial expressions, responsiveness, sociability, balance, optimism, cheerful disposition, fatigue from hard work, carelessness.
2. Choleric - sudden mood swings, irascibility, hysteria, quick appeasement, impulsiveness, outbursts of anger.
3. Melancholic - anxiety, pessimism, vulnerability, excessive worries for any reason, restraint, self-control, distrust of others.
4. Phlegmatic - cold-bloodedness, low activity, prudence, gives the impression of a wise person, always brings the matter to the end.

Human temperament. 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

Manifestations of character traits in men and women

The manifestation of character traits in men

The same character trait in men and women, their attitude to actions is manifested in different emotional reactions, while causing completely different feelings.

For example, the touchiness of a woman manifests itself in a man in the form of angry outbursts.

• Women are characterized by manifestations of excessive emotionality, sensitivity, understanding and compassion, practicality, they are more prone to sudden mood swings. The psychology of men, their attitude to values, is based on restraint and the desire for power and leadership. Each period of the era is characterized by the presence of certain qualities in men and women.

The manifestation of character traits in women

• So, for example, the qualities in modern people have minor differences, more and more associations of male and female professions are being formed. Today, it is not uncommon to meet the beautiful half of humanity at the wheel, and the male stylist, hairdresser or conductor, which a few decades ago would have surprised them very much.

The main traits of a person's character are the prevailing stable, innate or acquired qualities that are constantly manifested in the behavior of an individual person. Having learned what signs correspond to a particular person, you can make a psychological portrait, attitude and opinion about him, as well as assign a type of temperament (choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic).

Classify what inherent individual qualities in order to determine positive and negative character traits and draw general conclusions. This will help, for example, when applying for a job in choosing a position, and sometimes in choosing a life partner, by determining the criteria that you value.

Negative and positive personality traits

The psychology of any person is the continuous formation of a quality of character, depending on what conditions, therefore it is common for him to show negative traits, they can change depending on what conditions, for worse or better.

There are also permanent negative qualities that appear in an individual person, which do not change throughout life.

Negative character traits can not always be regarded as their negative features and qualities can emphasize dignity:

1. Self-confidence - self-satisfaction, can provoke a craving for efficiency and performance improvement, for the realization of self-satisfaction.
2. Stubbornness provokes the achievement of goals.
3. Selfishness - ignoring others is bad, but trying to please others is not always beneficial. Sometimes you need to think about yourself in order to be able to help others.
4. Envy, some people can provoke them to desire to achieve a better result than others.

There are such character traits in people as cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, laziness, stinginess, rudeness, gloom, etc., which will never provoke them to good deeds.

Positive and negative character traits of their qualities are present to a greater or lesser extent in every person. Positive ones can cover up negative character traits of an individual person. For example, people are lazy but good-natured or selfish but neat and hardworking, rude but responsive and generous, and so on.

List of positive qualities and their signs:

1. Endurance and patience.
2. Gratitude and Morality.
3. Initiative and ingenuity.
4. Cheerfulness and giftedness.
5. Sensitivity and optimism, etc.

The main character traits in women

List of predominant qualities and their distinctive properties:

The main character traits in men

List of predominant qualities and their properties:

4 main psychotypes of personality. How to determine and recognize the character of a person?

Throughout his life, each person shows his individual characteristics, which are reflected not only in his behavior or the specifics of communication, but also determine the attitude towards activities, himself and other people. All these features, manifested in life, both in scientific use and in everyday life, are called character.

Definition of "character"

In psychology, character is understood as a certain set of human traits that are pronounced and relatively stable. Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.

In psychological dictionaries, you can find a fairly large number of definitions of character, but they all boil down to the fact that character is a set of the most persistent individual psychological characteristics of a person, which always manifest themselves in its activities and social behavior, as well as in the system of relations:

• to the team;
• to other people;
• to work;
• to the surrounding reality (to the world);
• to yourself.

The term itself character» ( in lane from Greek character - chasing or printing) was introduced by the ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist, a student of Plato and closest friend of Aristotle Theophrastus. And here it is worth paying special attention to the translation of the word - chasing or printing. Indeed, the character seems to emerge as a kind of pattern on a person's personality, thus creating a unique seal that distinguishes its owner from other individuals. Such a design, as well as a coat of arms or an emblem on the personal seal of the medieval nobility, is drawn on a certain basis with the help of specific signs and letters. Temperament is the basis for engraving an individual personality, and bright and individual character traits are the basis for engraving .

Character traits as a tool for psychological assessment and understanding of a person

In psychology, character traits are understood as individual, rather complex features that are the most indicative for a person and make it possible to predict with a high degree of probability his behavior in a particular situation. That is, knowing that a particular person has certain traits, one can predict his subsequent actions and possible actions in a particular case. For example, if a person has a pronounced feature of responsiveness, then there is a high probability that at a difficult moment in life he will come to the rescue.

A feature is one of the most important and essential parts of a person, its stable quality and a well-established way of interacting with the surrounding reality. The personality trait crystallizes and reflects its integrity. A person's character trait is a real way to solve many life situations (both activity and communication) and therefore they need to be considered from the point of view of the future. So, character traits are a prediction of the actions and actions of a person, since they are persistent and make a person's behavior predictable and more obvious. Due to the fact that each person is unique, there is a huge variety of unique character traits.

Each person acquires special features of his character throughout his life in society, and it is impossible to consider all individual signs (features) as characterological. Such will be only those who, regardless of the life situation and circumstances, will always manifest themselves in an identical way of behavior and the same attitude in the surrounding reality.

Thus, in order to assess personality psychologists (to characterize it) as an individual, it is necessary to determine not the entire sum of the individual qualities of a person, but to highlight those traits and qualities of character that are distinctive from other people. Despite the fact that these features are individual and different, they must constitute a structural integrity.

Character traits of a person are a priority in the study of his personality, as well as for understanding and predicting his actions, actions and behavior. Indeed, we perceive and understand any kind of human activity as a manifestation of certain traits of his character. But, characterizing a personality as a social being, it is not so much the manifestation of traits in activity that becomes important, but what exactly this activity is aimed at (and also what the human will serves). In this case, one should pay attention to the content side of the character, and more specifically, to those character traits of the personality that make up the general structure as its mental warehouse. They are expressed in: integrity-contradiction, unity-disintegration, static-dynamic, breadth-narrowness, strength-weakness.

List of human traits

human character- this is not only a certain combination of some features (or a random set of them), but the most complex mental formation, which is a certain system. This system consists of many of the most stable qualities of a personality, as well as its properties that are manifested in various systems of human relations (to work, to one's work, to the world around, to things, to oneself and to other people). In these relations, the structural nature of the character, its content and individuality of originality finds its expression. The table below describes the main character traits (their groups) that find their manifestation in various systems of human relations.

Persistent traits (symptom complexes) of character, manifested in personality relationships

In addition to the traits that manifest themselves in the system of relations, psychologists have identified traits of a person's character that can be attributed to the cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres. So character traits are divided into:

• cognitive (or intellectual) - curiosity, theoreticality, criticality, resourcefulness, analyticity, thoughtfulness, practicality, flexibility, frivolity;
• emotional (sensibility, passion, emotionality, cheerfulness, sentimentality, etc.);
• volitional traits (perseverance, determination, independence, etc.);
• moral traits (kindness, honesty, justice, humanity, cruelty, responsiveness, patriotism, etc.).

Some psychologists suggest distinguishing between motivational (or productive) and instrumental character traits. Motivational traits are understood as those that drive a person, that is, they encourage him to certain actions and deeds. (they can also be called trait-targets). Instrumental features give a person's activity a peculiar style and individuality. They refer to the very manner and way of performing an activity (they can also be called trait-ways).

Representative of the humanistic trend in psychology Gordon Allport personality traits are grouped into three main categories:

• dominant (those that most of all determine all forms of human behavior, his actions and deeds, such as selfishness or kindness);
• ordinary (which manifest themselves equally in all spheres of life, for example, parity and humanity);
• secondary (they do not have the same influences as dominant or ordinary, for example, it can be diligence or a love of music).

So, the main character traits are manifested in various spheres of mental activity and the system of personality relations. All these relationships are fixed in different ways of action and forms of human behavior that are most familiar to him. Between existing features, certain regular relationships are always established that allow you to create a structural character. She, in turn, helps to predict, according to the character trait of a person already known to us, others who are hidden from us, which makes it possible to predict his subsequent actions and actions.

Any structure, including character, has its own hierarchy. Thus, character traits also have a certain hierarchy, so there are main (leading) and secondary traits that are subordinate to the leading ones. It is possible to predict the actions of a person and his behavior, relying not only on the main features, but also on secondary ones (despite the fact that they are less significant and do not manifest themselves so clearly).

Typical and individual in character

The bearer of character is always a person, and his traits are manifested in activities, relationships, actions, behavior, ways of acting in the family, in a team, at work, among friends, etc. This manifestation always reflects the typical and individual in the character, because they exist in an organic unity (thus, the typical is always the basis for the individual manifestation of character).

What is meant by typical character? A character is called typical if there is a set of essential features that are common to a certain group of people. This set of features reflects the general conditions of life of a particular group. In addition, these traits should be manifested (to a greater or lesser extent) in each representative of this group. The totality of distinctive typical features is a condition for the emergence of a certain.

Typical and individual in character is most clearly expressed in a person's relationship to other people, because interpersonal contacts are always conditioned by certain social conditions of life, the corresponding level of cultural and historical development of society and the formed spiritual world of the person himself. Attitude towards other people is always evaluative and manifests itself in different ways (approval-condemnation, support-misunderstanding) depending on the existing circumstances. This manifestation is expressed depending on the person's assessment of the actions and behavior of others, or rather their positive and negative character traits.

Typical traits of a person's character in terms of their intensity are manifested in each individually. So, for example, individual traits can reveal themselves so strongly and vividly that they become unique in their own way. It is in this case that the typical in character passes into the individual.

Positive character traits and their manifestation

Both typical and individual in character, finds its manifestation in the systems of personality relations. This is due to the presence in the character of a person of certain traits (both positive and negative). So, for example, in relation to work or one's own business, such positive character traits as diligence, discipline and organization are manifested.

As for interpersonal communications and attitudes towards other people, the following are good character traits: honesty, openness, justice, adherence to principles, humanity, etc. All these features allow you to build constructive communication and quickly establish contacts with people around you.

It should be noted that there are a lot of individual character traits. But among them it is necessary to single out, first of all, those that have the greatest influence on the formation of a person’s spirituality and him (it is in this context that the best trait of a person’s character, humanity, finds its manifestation). These traits are even more important in the process of upbringing and development of the younger generation, because the same traits are formed differently depending on situations, the presence of other character traits and the orientation of the personality itself.

Highlighting the good qualities of character, one should not forget about their possible curvature, or the presence of obvious negative traits that a person needs to fight. Only in this case will the harmonious and holistic development of the personality be observed.

Negative character traits and their manifestation

In relation to the behavior, actions and activities of other people, a person always forms traits of a certain character - positive and negative. This happens according to the principle of analogy (that is, identification with what is acceptable) and opposition (with what is included in the list of unacceptable and wrong). Attitude towards oneself can be positive or negative, which primarily depends on the level of development and the ability to adequately evaluate oneself ( that is, from the formed level). A high level of self-consciousness is evidenced by the presence of the following positive features: high demands on oneself, and self-esteem, as well as responsibility. And, on the contrary, such negative character traits as self-confidence, selfishness, immodesty, etc., speak of an insufficient level of development of self-consciousness.

Negative character traits (in principle, as well as positive ones are manifested) in the four main systems of human relations. For example, in the "attitude to work" system, among the negative features are irresponsibility, carelessness and formality. And among the negative features that manifest themselves in interpersonal communication, it is worth highlighting isolation, stinginess, boastfulness and disrespect.

It should be noted that negative character traits, which are manifested in the system of human relations with other people, almost always contribute to the emergence of conflicts, misunderstanding and aggression, which subsequently leads to the emergence of destructive forms of communication. That is why every person who wants to live in harmony with others and with himself should think about cultivating positive traits in his character and getting rid of destructive, negative traits.

Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of character traits, it is necessary to understand what character is. In Greek, "character" is a difference, a sign, a sign. From the point of view of psychology, character is a certain set of personal properties that determine a person's actions in various situations and form him as an individual.

There is an old saying: "Sow a deed - you reap a habit; sow a habit - you reap a character; sow a character - you reap a destiny." This saying briefly and succinctly reflects the place that character occupies in the life and destiny of a person. Therefore, it is so important to know what character traits people have in order to learn to understand their influence on the resolution of various, and especially conflict, situations.

Classification of character traits

Conventionally, character traits can be divided into three main groups:

• emotional;
• strong-willed;
• intellectual.

According to the direction of impact, the features are also divided into the following subgroups:

• attitude to the outside world - people and society;
• attitude towards oneself personally;
• attitude to activities - training and work.

The most basic character traits, especially those related to the emotional group, are formed in early childhood - at the stage of formation of the child's psyche and depend on many factors. Not the last role is played by the natural predisposition of a person, which is influenced by hereditary characteristics and temperament. But the main influence is the environment.

It is in childhood that positive and negative traits of a person's character are laid in the process of acquiring experience of interaction with the outside world. Then, throughout life, the formation of individual features continues, and new ones may appear. And if at first this process takes place on an unconscious, reflex level, then with the acquisition of awareness, and depending on its level, a person has a choice. When this choice is realized, the opportunity opens up for the transformation of character, which is otherwise called personal growth.

Main character traits

Today, there are several hundred definitions of various character traits. Moreover, they can coexist in one person in a variety of combinations. Depending on the direction of influence, such traits can have both positive and negative consequences of their influence. Therefore, it is very difficult to say with absolute certainty that these are bad character traits, and these are good ones. In most cases, it makes sense to talk about certain sets of properties that in a certain situation can have a great influence on the consequences of solving certain problems, defined as positive or negative, which again will be to a certain extent a subjective opinion.

And yet, let's try to compile a list of the main character traits that are formed in the early stages of development and therefore relate more to the emotional group, conditionally dividing them not into bad and good, but, say, into positive and negative traits of a person's character, as is commonly believed from the public point of view. - a moral point of view.

Negative character traits

Anger. This is an emotional trait that can be expressed in a negative attitude of any direction - to oneself, people, and even to work. If this is not a periodic, but a constant reaction, most likely its roots are in a deep childhood resentment.

Pride. In religion, such a feature is even considered one of the grave sins. Because a person in whom this quality is manifested very strongly loses the ability to adequately assess and make the right decisions. Such a person ends up harming both others and himself.

Selfishness. This is a negative trait that concentrates and generates a whole host of others. In fact, it can become the quintessence of all unseemly character traits, but, as a rule, it has a negative impact in the direction of attitudes towards other people, while in relation to oneself it is subjectively considered positive.

Jealousy. This character trait is associated with selfishness and pride, since it implies a sense of possessiveness and has a devastating effect not only on others, but also on oneself, since jealousy is blind and therefore can push for very bad deeds.

Greed. It can take different forms: greed for fame, money, things, food, pleasure, etc. Pushes a person to unseemly acts and causes rejection of others.

Envy. A person possessed by envy causes harm, first of all to himself. After all, as they say, envy eats from the inside, sharpens like a worm. It can also bring great harm to the object of envy if the owner of such a trait sets out in some way to restore the apparent disequilibrium in his favor.

Cruelty. This trait, in any form, brings only destruction and suffering to those it is directed at. Psychologists believe that it is a manifestation of lack of will. It can be added that often a cruel person is guided by fear and self-doubt.

Positive character traits

It is believed that all character traits have their antipode. Therefore, let's see what are the character traits that are the opposite of those listed above.

Kindness. Unlike an evil person, you want to communicate with a good person. Kindness also implies such traits as selflessness and participation. Is it because good people are so often used for their own purposes by those who are dominated by negative character traits? Think about it.

Humility. Some do not like this quality, because for some reason it is considered slave. In fact, this is a very good trait that can work wonders - for example, stop destructive conflicts, nullify feuds and useless showdown.

Altruism. This is the complete opposite of selfishness. An egoist will never understand an altruist, but an altruist will understand, listen, forgive and even help. An amazing feature that is an endangered species, but in vain.

Confidence. Perhaps it is the most accurate antipode of jealousy, although some argue that its antipode is love. But it is trust, and not gullibility, that is the saving bridge between loving people, which is able to connect them and give true happiness of communication with each other.

Generosity. If it spreads in all directions, it will be a unique personality. This character trait is a blessing for others, and if it is from the bottom of the heart, then for its owner.

Goodwill. Although this trait is associated with kindness, it is more of an outward manifestation than envy, which is always secret. Goodwill blesses and attracts if it is sincere and is a character trait, and not a show.

Mercy. One of the best character traits of a person. We can safely say that this world is based on mercy, as one of the forms of universal love. By developing this trait, a person is enriched spiritually.

Other character traits

There are many other character traits that can be emotional, strong-willed or intellectual. They are developed already in the period of adulthood and are based on life experience. This is how curiosity and thoughtfulness, determination and independence appear. At the same time, character strengths can enhance both positive and negative traits. For example, assertiveness combined with anger can lead to a destructive effect, and combined with kindness can lead to the salvation of another person. It is not in vain that they say that there are as many characters as there are people, and in fact, even knowing many of the character traits of a particular person, it is impossible to completely predict his behavior in a particular situation.

Is it possible to change your character traits

Changing your traits only makes sense in a positive direction. After all, in the end, all positive traits lead to creation and improvement, and negative traits to destruction and annihilation. But for this it is necessary to first come to the realization that negative traits do exist, and thereby complicate the life of the individual. And very few succeed.

For those who do not like their own "psychological portrait", there is consolation: the shortcomings of temperament can be made up for by positive character traits.

It is the understanding that one can change oneself for the better that is the most attractive feature as a science.

So, if temperament is an innate personality trait, then a person educates the character himself. When we perform an act, each time we strengthen or weaken some of its traits.

In this way, even the most bad temper can be corrected.

Regarding temperament, we can only recall that Hippocrates divided it into four types that are still used today:

1. Phlegmatic - unhurried and unperturbed;
2. Cholerics - quick-tempered and unbalanced;
3. Melancholic - impressionable and vulnerable;
4. Sanguine people are lively, mobile and cheerful.

1. Fixing the results

It is better to write down the results of your struggle. You can make a table, and record successes and failures there every day. Or do this: mark two cities on a geographical map. One will conditionally denote your current state, the second - the goal.

Every time you do something to improve your character, put a new point on the path between these cities. And if you miss something, go back a point.

In terms of very interesting it seems. Be sure to read about this great man, whose experience can be of invaluable help to you.

Surely the reader may have a question: do they influence the formation of personality and its individual features?

It is rather difficult to give an unequivocal answer to this question. A certain connection in the inclinations and characteristics of behavior between children and parents, of course, can be traced.

However, to claim that “I am like this and I can’t be different, because this is my mom or dad”, for an adult, at least not seriously.

It is believed that it is impossible to change the temperament, but character traits are within the power of anyone who wishes. You just need to be determined to do it.

character accentuation

Character accentuation is a character trait that is within the clinical norm, in which some of its traits are excessively enhanced, as a result of which selective vulnerability is found in relation to some psychogenic influences while maintaining good resistance to others.

You may find the definition of accentuation a bit complicated, but it's actually quite simple.

The very word "accentuation" (from Latin accentus - stress) means a pronounced emphasis on something.

In other words, this feature lies in the fact that some character traits are unusually developed, which causes the inferiority of other, less developed traits.

Probably everyone saw how small children, at the sight of strangers, settle down to one and begin to smile, and at the sight of others they frown and run away.

This is due to the fact that facial features are very closely related to our character traits. Children intuitively feel this, "scanning" the face of a stranger.

Yes, and adults at a deeply subconscious level can “feel” a good or bad person in front of them. This also happens because our brain is able to "read" information from the characteristic features of a person's face.

It is important to understand that the character of a person largely determines how his life will turn out, whether he will succeed.

The 19th-century English writer William Thackeray wrote:

"Sow an act and you reap a habit; sow a habit and you reap a character; sow a character and you reap a destiny."

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Being born, a new personality receives a unique character as a gift. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically affects the manner of communication, attitude towards others and one's own person, to work. Character traits of a person create a certain worldview in a person.

A person's behavioral responses depend on the nature

These two definitions create confusion, because both of them are involved in the formation of personality and behavioral responses. In fact, the character and temperament are heterogeneous:

1. The character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of the personality's mental make-up.
2. Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same warehouse of temperament, individuals can have a completely different character. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or sharpening it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking of character, mean a certain combination of traits of an individual, persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

• among people;
• in the work team;
• to one's own personality;
• to the surrounding reality;
• to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" is of Greek origin, it means "to mint". This definition was introduced into use by the naturalist of Ancient Greece, the philosopher Theophrastus. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of the individual.

Theophrastus first coined the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing, it gives rise to a unique seal that a person wears in a single copy.

Simply put, character is a combination, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize the personality.

But this judgment is often subjective. Far from always a person reacts as intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. Observing and analyzing the actions of a certain person for a long time, one can identify individual, especially stable features. If a person in completely different situations behaves in the same way, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision - this indicates the presence of a certain nature in him.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and dominated by a person, it is possible to predict how she will manifest herself in a given situation.

Character and traits

A character trait is an important part of a personality; it is a stable quality that determines the interaction of a person and the surrounding reality. This is a defining method of resolving emerging situations, so psychologists consider a trait of nature as a predictable personal behavior.

Variety of characters

A person acquires features of character in the course of the entire life span, it is impossible to attribute individual features of nature to innate and characterological. In order to analyze and assess the personality, the psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also highlights their distinctive features.

It is the character traits that are defined as leading in the study and compilation of the psychological characteristics of the individual.

But, defining, evaluating a person, studying the features of behavior in the social plan, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the content orientation of nature. It is defined in:

• strength-weakness;
• latitude-narrowness;
• static-dynamic;
• integrity-contradiction;
• integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute a general, complete description of a particular person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is the most complex cumulative combination of peculiar features, which is formed into a unique system. This order includes the most striking, stable personal qualities, which are revealed in the gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system	Inherent traits of an individual
	Plus	Minus
To self	fastidiousness	Condescension
	Self-criticism	Narcissism
	Meekness	Boastfulness
	Altruism	Egocentrism
To the people around	Sociability	Closure
	Complacency	Callousness
	Sincerity	deceitfulness
	Justice	Injustice
	Commonwealth	Individualism
	sensitivity	Callousness
	Courtesy	shamelessness
To work	organization	Laxity
	obligatory	stupidity
	diligence	slovenliness
	Enterprise	inertia
	industriousness	laziness
to items	frugality	Waste
	thoroughness	Negligence
	Neatness	Negligence

In addition to character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were identified:

• moral: humanity, rigidity, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
• temperamental: gambling, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
• intellectual (cognitive): analyticity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, resourcefulness, efficiency, criticality, thoughtfulness;
• sthenic (volitional): categorical, perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness, purposefulness, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

1. Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to commit certain acts and actions. This is the goal-feature.
2. Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and way (manners) of action. These are traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport

Allport's theory

The famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, an expert and developer of gradations of personality traits of an individual, divided personality traits into three classes:

Dominant. Such features most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Normal. They are equally manifested in all the numerous spheres of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular effect on behavioral responses. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between the traits of nature existing in a person. This regularity forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The warehouse of man was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor features can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict the act of a person, it is necessary to focus on the totality of the features of nature..

What is typicality and individuality

In the manifestation of the nature of each personality, it always reflects the individual and typical. This is a harmonious combination of personal qualities, because the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for a particular group of people, such a warehouse is called typical. Like a mirror, it reflects the accepted and habitual conditions for the existence of a particular group.

Also, typical features depend on the warehouse (a certain type of nature). They are also a condition for the appearance of a behavioral type of character, in the category of which a person is “recorded”.

Having understood exactly what signs are inherent in a given personality, a person can make an average (typical) psychological portrait and assign a certain type of temperament. For example:

positive	negative
Choleric
Activity	Incontinence
Energy	irascibility
Sociability	Aggressiveness
Determination	Irritability
Initiative	Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness	Behavior instability
Phlegmatic person
persistence	Low activity
performance	slowness
calmness	immobility
Consistency	uncommunicative
Reliability	Individualism
good faith	laziness
sanguine
Sociability	Rejection of monotony
Activity	Superficiality
benevolence	Lack of persistence
adaptability	bad perseverance
Cheerfulness	Frivolity
Courage	Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness	Inability to focus
melancholic
Sensitivity	Closure
Impressionability	Low activity
diligence	uncommunicative
Restraint	Vulnerability
cordiality	Shyness
Accuracy	Poor performance

Such typical character traits corresponding to a certain temperament are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic, they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. The manifestation of individual traits of an individual is greatly influenced by emerging circumstances, a formed worldview and a certain environment.

This feature is reflected in the brightness of various typical features of the individual. They are not the same in intensity and develop in each individual individually.

Some typical features are so powerfully manifested in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This classification of personality helps to identify the negative characteristics of the individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

Working on himself, analyzing and correcting the shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he aspires to.