This term has other meanings, see the Treaty of Riga (1920). Riga Peace Treaty (1921) Signed place March 18, 1921 Riga, Latvia Repealed September 17, 1939 ... Wikipedia
Annex to Article 3 of the Peace Treaty between Russia and Latvia in 1920. The Riga Peace Treaty of 1920 (Ltsh. Latvijas Krievijas miera līgums) is an agreement between the RSFSR, on the one hand, and Latvia, on the other, signed on August 11, 1920 in Riga. 11 ... ... Wikipedia
See also: Moscow Treaty of the RSFSR Georgia (1920) The Moscow Treaty of 1920 was a peace treaty between Lithuania and Soviet Russia (RSFSR), which was signed on July 12, 1920 in Moscow. The treaty was prepared in the conditions of a rapid offensive ... ... Wikipedia
Treaty of Riga: Treaty of Riga 1920 between the RSFSR and Latvia (August 11, 1920). Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 between the RSFSR and Poland (March 18, 1921) ... Wikipedia
Between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, on the one hand, and Poland, on the other, on ending the war and normalizing relations; signed March 18. During the Soviet-Polish War of 1920 (See Soviet-Polish War of 1920), unleashed by reactionary circles in Poland and ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Body of trade representation in Riga at the stock exchange. It is an elected public body functioning at the Riga Stock Exchange. The exchange committee was headed by a specially elected chairman for this post; consisted of fourteen members. ... ... Wikipedia
Between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, on the one hand, and Poland, on the other, on ending the war and normalizing relations; signed March 18. During the Soviet-Polish war of 1920, unleashed by the reaction. circles of Poland and the imperialists of the Entente, the government of the RSFSR repeatedly ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Signed on 18. I II, after the end of the Polish-Soviet War of 1919 20. Polish troops attacked Soviet territory throughout 1918. In the spring of 1919, Poland, supported by the Entente countries, launched an offensive deep into the Soviet ... ... Diplomatic Dictionary
Power passed into the hands of the Provisional Government under the leadership of Konstantin Päts.
Red Army troops were sent to the Baltic States to restore Soviet power. After a 13-month war with Soviet Russia (November 28, 1918 - January 3, 1920), on February 2, 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed between the RSFSR and Estonia.
The treaty was signed on behalf of the RSFSR by a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) Adolf Ioffe, and on behalf of the Estonian Democratic Republic by a member of the Constituent Assembly Jaan (in Russian - Ivan) Poska.
Under the treaty, the RSFSR, proceeding from its proclaimed right of all peoples to free self-determination up to complete secession, unconditionally recognized the independence and autonomy of the Estonian state, renounced all rights, including property, that previously belonged to the Russian Empire. Estonia undertook not to present any claims to Russia arising from the fact of its former stay as part of Russia.
Between the RSFSR and Estonia, the state border and neutral zones were established, in which the parties pledged not to keep any troops, except for the border. The contracting parties pledged not to have armed ships in Lake Peipus and Pskov. At the same time, it was forbidden to stay on the territory of each state of troops, organizations and groups that set the goal of armed struggle with another contracting party; states that are in a de facto state of war with the other side. It was forbidden to transport through ports and territories "everything that can be used to attack another contracting party."
The parties undertook obligations to inform each other about the state of non-governmental troops, military depots, military and technical property located on their territory, as well as to exchange prisoners of war and return internees to their homeland.
Russia returned to Estonia all sorts of valuables, as well as all the archives, documents and other materials evacuated to the territory of the Russian Empire during the First World War, which had scientific or historical significance for Estonia.
Diplomatic and consular relations were established between the contracting parties, as well as trade and economic relations on the basis of the most favored nation regime.
From the point of view of the Russian Federation, the Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920 after the entry of Estonia into the USSR in 1940.
On May 18, 2005, the Russian Federation and Estonia signed two agreements on border issues in Moscow. On June 20, 2005, the Estonian Parliament ratified them by unilaterally introducing the Tartu Peace Treaty into the preamble of the law on ratification. Moscow considered that this confirmed a number of assessments of Estonia's entry into the USSR, unacceptable for the Russian Federation, and on September 1, 2005, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered to withdraw Russia's signature under the border treaties with Estonia.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and his Estonian counterpart Urmas Paet signed in Moscow a new treaty on the border and delimitation of maritime space in the Narva and Gulf of Finland. Unlike the version of 2005, the agreement states that it concerns exclusively the passage of the state border. There was also a mutual absence of territorial claims.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Latvia
Replaced
Riga Peace Treaty of 1920(Latvian. Latvijas - Krievijas miera līgums) - an agreement between the RSFSR, on the one hand, and Latvia, on the other, signed on August 11, 1920 in Riga.
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and Latvia undertook not to support the White Guard movement in exchange for diplomatic recognition, the cession of part of the ships and property of the Baltic Fleet, the property of Russia on the territory of Latvia and merchant ships in Latvian territorial waters, the recognition of the transfer to Latvia of territories in the Vitebsk province and, additionally, part of the territory of the Pskov province. Thus, the former Courland Governorate, the southern part of the Livonian Governorate (Riga, Venden (Cesis), Volmar (Valmiera) counties and most of the Valk county), the northwestern part of the Vitebsk Governorate Dvina (Daugavpils), Lucinsk (Ludza), Rezhitsky (Rezeknensky) counties and 2 volosts of the Drissensky county) and part of the Ostrov county of the Pskov province (including the city of Pytalovo).
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Notes
see also
Sources
- Scan of the original contract: 4 sheet (, ), 5 sheet (, ), 6 sheet (, ), 7 sheet (, ), 8 sheet (, ), 9 sheet (, ), 10 sheet (, ) on the website. (Latvian) (Russian)
- Riga: Encyclopedia = Enciklopēdija "Rīga" / Ch. ed. P. P. Yeran. - 1st edition. - Riga: Main edition of encyclopedias, 1989. - S. 472. - 880 p. - 60,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89960-002-0.
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An excerpt characterizing the Treaty of Riga (1920)
Every time I see a locomotive move, I hear a whistle sound, I see a valve opening and wheels moving; but from this I have no right to conclude that the whistling and the movement of the wheels are the causes of the movement of the locomotive.The peasants say that a cold wind blows in late spring because the oak bud unfolds, and indeed, every spring a cold wind blows when the oak unfolds. But although I do not know the cause of the cold wind blowing during the unfolding of the oak, I cannot agree with the peasants that the cause of the cold wind is the unfolding of the bud of the oak, simply because the force of the wind is beyond the influence of the bud. I see only the coincidence of those conditions that exist in every life phenomenon, and I see that, no matter how much and no matter how detailed I observe the hand of the clock, the valve and wheels of the steam locomotive and the bud of the oak, I will not know the cause of the blagovest, the movement of the steam locomotive and the spring wind. . To do this, I must completely change my point of observation and study the laws of motion of steam, bells and wind. History should do the same. And attempts to do so have already been made.
In order to study the laws of history, we must completely change the object of observation, leave the kings, ministers and generals alone, and study the homogeneous, infinitesimal elements that guide the masses. No one can say how far it is given to a person to achieve understanding of the laws of history by this way; but it is obvious that on this path only lies the possibility of capturing historical laws, and that on this path the human mind has not yet put one millionth of the effort that historians put into describing the deeds of various kings, generals and ministers and to presenting their considerations on the occasion of these deeds. .
The forces of the twelve languages of Europe broke into Russia. The Russian army and the population retreat, avoiding a collision, to Smolensk and from Smolensk to Borodino. The French army, with an ever-increasing strength of swiftness, rushes towards Moscow, towards the goal of its movement. The strength of its swiftness, approaching the target, increases like an increase in the speed of a falling body as it approaches the earth. Behind a thousand miles of a hungry, hostile country; dozens of miles ahead, separating from the goal. This is felt by every soldier of the Napoleonic army, and the invasion is advancing of itself, by the force of swiftness alone.
As the Russian army retreats, the spirit of anger against the enemy flares up more and more: retreating back, it concentrates and grows. A collision occurs near Borodino. Neither army disintegrates, but the Russian army immediately after the collision retreats just as necessarily as a ball rolls necessarily, colliding with another ball rushing at it with greater swiftness; and just as necessary (although having lost all its strength in the collision), the rapidly scattered ball of invasion rolls over some more space.
The Russians retreat a hundred and twenty miles - beyond Moscow, the French reach Moscow and stop there. For five weeks after that there is not a single battle. The French don't move. Like a mortally wounded beast, which, bleeding to death, licks its wounds, they remain in Moscow for five weeks without doing anything, and suddenly, for no new reason, they run back: they rush to the Kaluga road (and after the victory, since again the battlefield remained behind them near Maloyaroslavets), without entering into a single serious battle, they flee even faster back to Smolensk, beyond Smolensk, beyond Vilna, beyond the Berezina and beyond.
On the evening of August 26, both Kutuzov and the entire Russian army were sure that the Battle of Borodino had been won. Kutuzov wrote to the sovereign in this way. Kutuzov ordered to prepare for a new battle in order to finish off the enemy, not because he wanted to deceive anyone, but because he knew that the enemy was defeated, just as each of the participants in the battle knew it.
But that same evening and the next day, news began to come, one after another, of unheard-of losses, of the loss of half of the army, and a new battle turned out to be physically impossible.
It was impossible to fight when information had not yet been collected, the wounded had not been removed, the shells had not been replenished, the dead had not been counted, new commanders had not been appointed to the places of the dead, people had not eaten and had not slept.
But at the same time, immediately after the battle, on the next morning, the French army (according to that impetuous force of movement, now increased, as it were, in the inverse ratio of the squares of distances) was already advancing of itself on the Russian army. Kutuzov wanted to attack the next day, and the whole army wanted it. But in order to attack, the desire to do so is not enough; It is necessary that there was an opportunity to do this, but there was no such opportunity. It was impossible not to retreat one march, then just as it was impossible not to retreat to another and a third march, and finally on September 1, when the army approached Moscow, despite all the strength of the rising feeling in the ranks of the troops, the force of things demanded in order for these troops to go beyond Moscow. And the troops retreated one more, to the last crossing and gave Moscow to the enemy.
The armed conflict between Poland and Soviet Russia, Soviet Belarus, Soviet Ukraine on the territory of the collapsed Russian Empire (Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine) was the Soviet-Polish war in 1919-1921. during the Russian Civil War. In modern Polish historiography it has the name "Polish-Bolshevik war". The troops of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic also took part in the conflict. In the first phase of the war, they acted against Poland, then the UNR units supported the Polish troops. The main territories for the possession of which the war was fought, until the middle of the 14th century, were various ancient Russian principalities. After a period of internecine wars and the Tatar-Mongol invasion of 1240. they moved into the area of influence of Lithuania and Poland. In the first half of the 14th century, Kyiv, the Dnieper region, the interfluve of the Pripyat and the Western Dvina became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in 1352. the lands of the Galicia-Volyn principality were divided between Poland and Lithuania. In 1569 , according to the Union of Lublin between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Ukrainian lands, previously part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, come under the authority of the Polish crown. In 1772-1795. as a result of the three divisions of the Commonwealth, part of the lands (Western Belarus and most of Western Ukraine) come under the authority of the Russian crown. August 29, 1918 Lenin signed a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on the rejection of treaties and acts concluded by the government of the former Russian Empire on the divisions of Poland. After the defeat of Germany in November 1918. When Poland was restored as an independent state, the question arose of its new borders. Although Polish politicians disagreed on exactly what status the territory of the former Commonwealth should have in the new state, they unanimously supported Polish control. The Soviet government, on the contrary, intended to establish control over the entire territory of the former Russian Empire, making it a springboard for the world revolution. The main goal of the leadership of Poland was its restoration within the historical borders of the Commonwealth of 1772, with the establishment of control over Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania and geopolitical dominance in Eastern Europe. On the Soviet side, the initial goal was to establish control over the western provinces of the former Russian Empire (Ukraine and Belarus) and Sovietize them. As the war progressed, the goal became the Sovietization of Poland, followed by Germany, and the transition to a world revolution. The Soviet leadership considered the war against Poland part of the struggle against the entire Versailles international system that existed at that time. The end of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1921. became the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921. - an agreement between the RSFSR (also on behalf of the BSSR, the Belarusian leadership was not informed about the negotiations) and the Ukrainian SSR, on the one hand, and Poland, on the other. Signed March 18, 1921. in Riga. The treaty established the border between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, on the one hand, and Poland. Vast territories departed to Poland, located east of the Curzon line, with a predominance of the non-Polish population - Western Ukraine and Western. Belarus Grodno province, Volyn province and part of the territories of other provinces of the Russian province. The parties pledged not to conduct hostile activities against each other. The agreement provided for negotiations on the conclusion of trade agreements. The Soviet side agreed to return war trophies, all scientific and cultural values to Poland and to pay de facto reparations. Poland was released from liability for debts and other obligations of the former Russian Empire.
30. Peace treaties of the RSFSR with Lithuania and Latvia in 1920. Vilna conflict in the 1920s-1930s The peace treaty of 1920 between the RSFSR and Lithuania was signed on July 12 in Moscow by authorized representatives from the governments of the RSFSR and Lithuania. It was concluded on the initiative of the Soviet government, which proposed in August-September 1919. the Baltic countries, incl. and Lithuania, which participated in the anti-Soviet intervention, to make peace. Back in 1918 The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR by a decree of December 22, signed by Lenin, recognized the independence of Soviet Lithuania, but then the Soviet government failed to establish itself in it. The government of the RSFSR, without interfering in the internal affairs of Lithuania, agreed to recognize state independence, despite its bourgeois character. According to the agreement of 1920. The RSFSR, based on the principle of the right of nations to self-determination, recognized the independence and independence of Lithuania and renounced "... all sovereign rights of Russia over the Lithuanian people and its territory." The agreement fixed the Soviet-Lithuanian border, along which the city of Vilna and the Vilna region were part of the Lithuanian state; provided for the settlement of property, financial and economic issues between the two countries and gratuitous economic assistance to Lithuania from Soviet Russia. The parties mutually undertook not to allow the presence on their territories of organizations and groups directed against the other side. Diplomatic and trade relations were established between Lithuania and the RSFSR. The Treaty contributed to the establishment of peace in the Baltic States and opened the way for economic cooperation between the Soviet state and Lithuania and other European countries.
Peace treaty of 1920 between the RSFSR and Latvia - signed in Riga on August 11 by representatives of the governments of the RSFSR and Latvia. The agreement was concluded at the initiative of the government of the RSFSR, which applied in August-September 1919. to the bourgeois government of Latvia and other Baltic countries that were at war with Soviet Russia, with a proposal to make peace. The government of Latvia, convinced of the futility of further participation in the anti-Soviet intervention, in April 1920. despite the pressure of the powers of the Entente, began peace negotiations with the RSFSR. The treaty declared an end to the state of war between the two states. Soviet Russia, following the principle of the right of nations to self-determination up to state secession, recognized the independence, autonomy and sovereignty of the Latvian state. The agreement fixed the Soviet-Latvian border. Each side undertook to prohibit the presence on its territory of troops of other powers that are at war with the other contracting party, and also not to allow the formation and stay on its territory of any organizations and groups aimed at overthrowing the government of the other contracting party. The agreement provided for the settlement of property, financial and economic issues. The Soviet government handed over to Latvia state property exported to Russia during World War I, exempted from liability for debt and other obligations, paid gold and granted the right to cut down forests. The treaty also provided for the establishment of diplomatic and consular relations. it was of great importance for establishing peace in the Baltic states and breaking the blockade organized by the Entente around Soviet Russia.
Many historians interpret the Vilna conflict in their own way. An interesting opinion about the significance of the Vilna conflict in Polish-Lithuanian relations was expressed by V. Velgorsky. In his opinion, the radicalization of the Lithuanian movement and its accentuated hostility to “Polishness” were the result of the growing process of Polonization as a conscious choice by the population of Lithuania of a more developed Polish culture (not only by the gentry, but also by the peasantry and philistinism). Thus, the conflict with Poland was needed by the Lithuanian elite as an excuse for a policy of harsh Lithuanianization in order to eliminate the competing Polish culture. There is an opinion that the conflict around Vilna was a secondary moment in the Polish-Lithuanian relations. Lithuania sought to get Vilna in order to become a transit state. A. Skshipek studied the policy of Poland in the Baltic region in 1918-1925. and noted that in addition to the struggle for hegemony in the region of Poland with Soviet Russia, there was a confrontation between the interests of Poland and Lithuania due to the Vilna problem. He believed that the Polish-Lithuanian conflict played a significant role in the failure of plans for a Polish-Baltic union. Y. Ohmansky noted that the Polish politicians considered the Lithuanians as part of the "Polish political people", which made the conflict intractable.
