Young girl Abigail lives in a city whose borders were closed many years ago due to an epidemic of a mysterious disease. Abby's father was one of the sick - and he was taken away when she was six years old. Going against the authorities to find her father, Abby learns that her city is actually full of magic. And she herself awakens extraordinary magical abilities ...

On August 24, from 18.00 to 20.00, the Amur Regional Children's Library invites children and adults to the summer reading room for the Night! Cinema! Library”, which will be held as part of the All-Russian action “Cinema Night – 2019”.

Young film lovers will meet with writers and interesting interactive zones on the theme of cinema: “name flippers”, a quiz “Cartoon catchphrases”, frame sorting “Return the characters to your cartoon”, puzzles, master classes. From 19.00 o'clock in the fresh air will work cinema serpentine: watching cartoons and jumble.

The event will take place on the territory adjacent to the library at the address: st. B. Khmelnitsky, 1 (Victory Square).
Free admission.
In case of bad weather, the event will be moved to the library building.

On August 24, for the fourth time, the action "Cinema Night" will be held throughout Russia! And we are pleased to announce that within the framework of the action and the celebration of the Day of Russian Cinema, you will have a unique opportunity to get to the preview of bright and interesting film works of the participants of the KinAmurchik Open International Festival of Children's Film and Video Creativity!
This year, the geography of the competition has significantly expanded, as part of the screening, you and I will be able to enjoy films from the Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Samara, Chita, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk and Evpatoria. We will be happy to show young Blagoveshchensk residents and their parents how technically savvy the younger generation is, how children can embody their own storylines in the frame or play the most difficult role, because the works are presented in completely different genres - animation, video blog, booktrailer, adaptation of fairy tales, amateur children's cinema and reporting.
We are waiting for everyone at the open film event "Day of Russian Cinema" in the hall of the City House of Culture on August 24 at 12:00, you only need to pre-register by phone: 42-26-54, 52-89-18, 6+.

On September 7, the department of arts and crafts of the City House of Culture "House of Crafts" will celebrate its first anniversary! Here, for the benefit of the city of Blagoveshchensk and the Amur Region, hundreds of the most interesting projects have already been implemented, thousands of master classes in arts and crafts have been held, dozens of unique exhibition displays have been presented, but most importantly, the House of Crafts has been a center of cultural life for all these years, bringing together more than 300 the most talented craftsmen of the Amur region, who preserve and increase the best heritage of creativity and architecture of our country and region!
We will be glad to see residents and guests of the city in the "House of Crafts" throughout the festive week at events dedicated to the anniversary birthday:
From September 3 to 5, daily at 10:30, 14:30 and 18:30 in the "House of Crafts" will be held creative meetings and master classes for children, youth and just creative residents of the city under the motto "Masters and everything, everything, everything" (by appointment).
On September 6 at 18:30 we invite craftsmen and guests to the round table "5 years - the time of plans and creative growth", where the presentation of new projects and the V-th almanac "Dear Creativity" will take place.
On September 7, we invite residents and guests of the city to the "House of Crafts" for the holiday "Birthday only once a year", where an open-air exhibition-fair "In the Kingdom of Creativity" will open from 11:00, and a theatrical festive event will begin at 12:00 "Melpomene and creators" and a big drawing of gifts among the guests of the holiday.
Inquiries by phone: 44-00-03, 52-89-18, 0+. Details: @domremesel, vk.som/gdkamur, @gdkamur28, ok.ru/gdkamur.

From Titovka to Western Litsa

Research work on the topic: "Murmansk - a hero city"

In accordance with the plan "Renntir" ("Reindeer"), the mountain rifle corps "Norway" in the first three days after receiving the order to attack was to enter Petsamo, capture the nickel mining area and defend it together with the Finns. If the Russian forces turned out to be superior, the directive prescribed, "automatically evacuate the population of this area." This operation was of a local, allegedly preventive (warning, protective) nature, but was of great importance, since the fate of the German military industry actually depended on its outcome.

The second operation in the Arctic was called "Blue Fox". According to this plan, German troops advanced through Titovka, Ura-Guba to Polyarny and Murmansk. The capture of the bases of the Northern Fleet and the blockade of Murmansk were the main points of this plan.

The third, and one of the main operations in the Arctic, was called the "Black-Brown Fox", its detailed development was completed on January 27, 1941. A month and a half later (March 17) Halder wrote in his diary:

"Offensive operation" Silberfuks "(" Black-brown fox "). The 2nd mountain division is advancing on Polyarnoye: one Finnish division (12th brigade) and one German division are advancing from Kemijärvi to the east."

At the same time, the 36th Corps, stationed in the Kandalaksha direction, began the operation. He was supposed to break through the defenses on the border in the Kuolajärvi area and go to the White Sea at Kandalaksha. As a result, the Kola Peninsula would be cut off from the center of the country. Then the corps went to the North, to Murmansk, and helped carry out the Blue Fox operation.

Operation Salmon Fishing was developed later, in 1942. The Nazis planned it in order to cut the Kirov railway at Kandalaksha. And finally, the operation "Meadow": provided for the capture of Rybachy.

On the morning of 1941 war broke into the peaceful life of Murmansk residents. On June 22, German planes dropped the first bombs on Murmansk. On the land border of the Arctic in the first days of the war, it was relatively calm. Many Murmansk residents even thought: "Perhaps Finland will not oppose the USSR? Maybe the lesson of the 1939-1940 war did her good?" But these hopes burst on June 26. Finland declared war, and a day later, its troops tried to break through the Soviet border near Kuolajärvi, though without success.

Until the last bullet, until the last grenade, the border guards fought, taking the first blow from the enemy. The 6th frontier post of the Ozerkovsky detachment had a particularly hard time, which, under the leadership of Lieutenant Yakovenko, repelled the furious onslaught of rangers. German planes dived into the trenches of the border guards, the outpost was fired from cannons and mortars. With each passing hour, the fighters became less and less, but the battle continued. The enemies offered the survivors to surrender, but the answer was machine-gun bursts. Zastav fought to the end. Many years later, a farewell note from party organizer Goltunov was found: "We are three communists here. And as long as at least one is alive, the Nazis will not pass."

The Nazis did not succeed in a lightning-fast breakthrough of defense. Soviet border guards, infantrymen and artillerymen fought selflessly. Many enemy soldiers were destroyed here, but not a few Red Army soldiers and commanders were killed. They departed from the border on orders in two directions: to the north - to the Sredny Peninsula and to the east - to the Zapadnaya Litsa River. They retreated fighting, inflicting tangible blows on the attacking rangers, knowing that help was already coming to meet them - regiments of the 52nd rifle division and units of the 23rd fortified area, covering Rybachy from the south.

The main section of the front in the battles for Murmansk took place in July 1941 along the Zapadnaya Litsa River, from its source to its mouth. This was the longest and most dangerous section of the front, because from here lay the shortest road to Murmansk - only 50-60 kilometers.

In general, the situation in the Murmansk direction was extremely unfavorable for the Soviet troops. Losses in manpower in border battles, lack of reserves, superiority of the enemy in aviation and maneuverability, disunity and poor communication between individual sectors of the front further complicated the task of defending Murmansk.

In this situation, the command of the 14th Army and the Northern Fleet decided to land detachments of border guards, Red Army and Red Navy troops from the sea behind enemy lines in order to divert the enemy forces, to force the troops aimed at Murmansk to be thrown to liquidate the landings. The main task of this operation was to delay the offensive of the Nazi troops, to enable the defending divisions to receive reinforcements and strengthen their positions on the line of Western Litsa.

The enemy did not change plans to break through to Murmansk. On July 11, the rangers resumed their offensive on the northernmost section of the polar front. On captured fishing boats and their own inflatable boats, they crossed the Bolshaya Zapadnaya Litsa Bay, landed at its southern end and began to go deeper towards the southeast.

And again - for the third time since the beginning of the war (the first time - June 29-30, the second - July 6-8) there was a threat of a breakthrough by the Nazis to Murmansk and the main base of the Northern Fleet - Polyarny.

The Nazis met stubborn resistance on the outskirts of Murmansk. Bloody battles went on for every hill, for every valley convenient for passage, literally for every meter of the road. It was then that the small names "Devil's Pass", "Valley of Death", "Impregnable Height" entered the soldier's lexicon - places where both sides suffered heavy losses in continuous fierce battles.

All three waves of the offensive of the mountain rifle corps on Murmansk were thwarted by the iron restraint and exceptional stamina of the Soviet border guards, soldiers and officers of the 14th Army and detachments of sailors who came to the rescue.

By the end of August, the Nazis had completed preparations for a new general offensive against Murmansk.

At about 4 am on September 8, 1941, the Nazis launched a new offensive. With the help of artillery and mortar support, the rangers began to storm the positions of the Soviet troops. For 10 days of continuous fighting, the unit of the northern group of the Nazis, despite a threefold superiority in manpower, only expanded the bridgehead on the eastern bank of the Western Litsa by only four kilometers and, having lost hundreds of soldiers, were forced to go on the defensive.

In these September days of the forty-first year, the 6th battery of the 143rd artillery regiment of the 14th rifle division covered itself with unfading glory. When the war began, the battery stood on the island of Kildin, which is at the throat of the Kola Bay, ready to repel the landing of enemy troops.

An important role since the September battles for Murmansk was played by a division of the people's militia, formed literally in a matter of days. It included Murmansk militia and fighters of extermination squads, the wounded and treated in hospitals, and older conscripts. The enemy's September offensive against Murmansk failed. The divisions of the 14th Army of the Karelian Front, with the support of the Northern Front, in the course of fierce battles, exhausted the enemy with active actions, bled his mountain chasseur regiments. On September 19, 1941, the Soviet Information Bureau reported: “In the stubborn battles in the Murmansk direction, our units inflicted heavy losses on three SS battalions and two German mountain chasseur regiments. 136 and 137 German mountain chasseur regiments lost about 1000 soldiers and officers killed and over two thousand wounded."

On September 22, 1941, Hitler signed OKW Directive No. 36, which spoke of the temporary cessation of the offensive of the mountain rifle corps on Murmansk.

In this order, the memory of the participant in the defense of the Soviet Arctic, reserve colonel N.I., preserved the events. Shapkin:

June 29. The Nazis launched an attack on Murmansk. Fascist aviation bombed the combat formations of the 14th Infantry Division, whose units were on the defensive in the northern section of the border.

By evening, wagons, ambulance carts with the wounded, were pulled across the bridge from behind Zapadnaya Litsa.

30 June. At 13:00 there was a powerful explosion. A huge column of smoke rose to the sky. A few hours later there was a powerful explosion. A huge column of smoke rose to the sky. A few hours later it became known: in the Titovka area, ours blew up warehouses, they are retreating. An order followed - to prevent the enemy from forcing Zapadnaya Litsa.

July 1. Artillery batteries took up firing positions on the eastern slopes of the Devil's Pass, and part of the guns were placed on the western slopes on both sides of the road.

July 3-4. Fighting unfolded on the outskirts of Zapadnaya Litsa. Enemy bombers dealt heavy blows to the retreating units of the 95th and 112th rifle regiments.

5'th of July. At about 9 o'clock the Germans brought down mortar fire on the slopes of the height behind the bridge, where the 6th company was fortified. The shelling continued for 20-25 minutes. Then there was a continuous rattle of machine-gun and automatic bursts: the Germans went on the attack. The soldiers of the 6th company did not flinch, they answered with fire. The company commander, Lieutenant Sorokin, was wounded.

Deploying up to two infantry battalions, the Nazis attack again and bypass our left flank, - political instructor Abdullin, who replaced the company commander, reported from across the river. The huntsmen went under the cover of heavy mortar fire, but the soldiers repelled their onslaught. The Germans again brought down heavy fire on the positions of the company. Rota suffered losses. But the second and third attacks of the Germans repulsed.

The battalion commander reported to the regiment commander Major Gromov:

Further resistance of the sixth company across the river is not advisable.

The regimental commander, weighing the situation, decided:

Withdraw military guards. Blow up the bridge.

By evening, the fascist rangers occupied all the heights along the western bank. Some groups of their reconnaissance manage to infiltrate the southeastern slopes of the "Devil's Pass", establish places for forcing the river. Machine gunners, noticing enemy scouts, fire at them, prevent them from crossing.

Along the eastern bank of Zapadnaya Litsa, at the heights that make up the "Devil's Pass" chain, a machine-gun company of the 58th regiment fortified itself. It consisted of regular Red Army soldiers, Siberians, Altaians, most of them participated in battles with the White Finns. Each platoon has its own sniper machine-gun crews - Pershina, Tarasenko, Stolyarov, Solovyov.

July 6th In the morning, 18 fascist "junkers" bombed the positions of the regiment. The Nazis, using the direction of the wind from north to south, from the bridge area let out a smoke screen along Western Litsa. It serves them to cover the crossing of the river.

Fire! - and from the height of Kruglyaya, unexpectedly for the enemy, two "maxims" of Solovyov and Pershin begin to scribble. Well-aimed fire forces the rangers to roll back.

The Germans are trying to force the river in another place - at the southern rapids. The machine gunners Pershin and Solovyov, without wasting a minute, again open deadly fire.

A battalion of rangers captured the southeast side of the Devil's Pass. Their attacks follow one after another. The fascists are marching in thick chains...

The 5th rifle company of Senior Lieutenant Dotsenko, artillerymen and machine-gun platoon of Lieutenant Petrenko have the hardest time. The commanders several times raise their platoons in counterattacks. And the enemy finally retreats, unable to stand it.

By evening, the "Devil's Pass" plateau was protected from the enemy.

The victory was not easy for our fighters. Poet - resident of Murmansk V. Semenov wrote about this place:

Life and death
They flocked to the valley.
Life and death
Found face to face.
It was here that Life stood up,
stumbling
Communists
Bristling.
To thunder devastated
calmed down
To again
warmed up
sunsets,
Here,
Above the layer of permafrost
A layer of eternal warmth
lie
Soldiers.

According to legend, the silver fox brings happiness to everyone who has ever seen her, this is a very rare animal. The silver fox is the name given to the silver-black and black-brown foxes, which are natural mutations of the red foxes, common in eastern North America, in Canada.

In fact, the black fox is no different from the red, the result of such an unusual color for this species of animal is melanism. In fact, this is the opposite of albinism - it is the development of dark pigment in the skin or fur of animals. Thus, the silver-black fox looks like a predatory mammal of the canine family Vulpes Vulpes (common fox), the species of which we are used to seeing in red color.

The common and South American fox are the ancestors of the silver-black and black-brown foxes, which are mutant forms. In nature, silver fox is found mainly in North America. In the 19th century, these foxes were occasionally seen in Labrador, the Madeleine, and in the rocky regions of Pennsylvania, as well as in the wild areas of New York. The Spotted Silver Fox has occasionally been seen in New York State. Silver foxes make up over 8% of the red fox population in Canada.

The ancestor of the modern herd of silver-black foxes of the Soviet Union is mainly the South American silver-black fox, which was brought to us in the late 30s. However, at the beginning of our century, on private farms in Russia, along with red, black-brown was also bred, which became by the end of the 19th century. a very rare animal.

But in the XVIII century. it was not uncommon, as evidenced by the coat of arms of the city of Surgut, approved in 1785. On the lower part of the shield was depicted "... a black-brown fox: as a sign of the abundant fishing of these in the district of this city."

In Russia and the CIS, silver-black foxes are bred. Silvery hair is located on the back, sides of the neck, can be placed on the root of the tail and ears, and on the lower part of the body it is absent. Silver hair is also placed on the muzzle around the eyes, forming a mask.

When crossing with red foxes, foxes are born with the color of bastardo or gray fox.

Bastardos are similar to red foxes, but their forelegs are black to the elbow, and on the hind legs a black stripe runs along the outer edge of the thigh. In red foxes, the front paws are black only up to the wrist. On the upper lip of the bastard hair forms a black spot in the form of a "whisker". Separate black hair is scattered all over the body, especially on the tail, making it darker than the body.

Sivodushki have a dark muzzle, darker pigmentation than red ones, a black stripe runs between the ears and along the ridge, which falls on the shoulder blades and forms the shape of a cross.

Black-brown or Alaskan silver-black foxes are almost similar in phenotype to silver-black, they can not even always be recognized by the tufts of brown hair at the base of the ear on the inside. Among the black-brown foxes, more often than among the silver-black, there are individuals with a brownish tint or with brown spots behind the shoulder blades and at the root of the tail.

The black-brown fox Domino became one of the heroes of "Stories about animals" by the American writer Seton-Thompson "Domino. The story of one black-brown fox. In 1973, at the Kievnauchfilm film studio, based on the work, the feature film "Domino" was shot, directed by Igor Negrescu.

The fighting in the Kandalaksha direction began on July 1, 1941. By this time, rifle regiments of the 122 divisions (420, 715 and 596), 42 rifle corps of the Red Army, which took the first blow of the 36 army corps of the Wehrmacht, as part of the 169 German infantry division, three battalions of the SS group "North "(motorized infantry units) and one Finnish regiment of the 6th Finnish Infantry Division, the main forces of which from the south, through the forests, were to go directly to Alakurtti. Both the German and Soviet infantry (rifle) units were reinforced with tanks.

After a week of fighting near the border, in order to contain the advancing units of the 36th Wehrmacht Army Corps, the 122nd Infantry Division, supported by the 1st Tank Regiment of the 1st Tank Division, was forced to retreat to a new line of defense (second echelon) - behind the Apayärvi-Kuolajärvi lake line and gain a foothold on its northern flank (Lake Kuolajärvi). In the same place, only along the southern flank (Lake Apayärvi), the 104th Infantry Division (273, 217 regiments) of the 42 Corps (from the hills of Polkuvar to the isthmus of lakes near Kairala) occupied defensive positions.

After the clashes on July 6 and 7 with the 163rd reconnaissance battalion of the 104th division, the Finns began to seep into the depths of our defense in small groups.

By July 10, two Finnish battalions entered the rear of the 104 division division in order to saddle the Alakurtti-Kairaly highway in the area of ​​​​the Kieristelemävara hill and unblock the passage between the lakes Kuolajärvi - Apayärvi, where two SS battalions of the North group unsuccessfully tried to break through our defenses. To neutralize the Finns, one battalion of the 273rd and 715th divisions of the regiments, reinforced by two T-28 tanks and a platoon of BT-7, the first tank regiment of the 1st tank division, was thrown into battle. By August 12, having lost about two hundred people killed, the Finns managed to break out of the encirclement and retreat to the south.

After a number of unsuccessful attempts to break through the Soviet defenses, the 36th Wehrmacht Army Corps ceased active hostilities. Until August 19, 1941, the German and Finnish units were redeploying and building roads, shelling and bombing our units located on the defensive line along the Kuolajärvi-Apajärvi lake line.

Concentrated strike 36 arm. Wehrmacht corps as part of the combined German-Finnish grouping, along the southern and northern flanks of our divisions, was unexpected for the command of the 42nd page of the Red Army Corps. From the southern flank, in the area of ​​​​mountain Polkuvara, units of the 6th Finnish infantry division pushed back the battalions of the 217th and 273rd rifle regiments of the 104th division. Enemy units, infiltrating in separate groups to the rear of the 104 division division, sought to approach an important communication junction on the Kairaly-Alakurtti highway - to the railway. Kutsa station. And on August 20, having bypassed the 104th rifle division from the rear, the Finns cut the road in the indicated place.

On August 22, five Finnish battalions entrenched themselves in the area of ​​​​the Nurmitunturi hill, actually surrounding the 104th rifle division. But the 122nd Rifle Division, with the loss of a section of the Alakurtti-Kairali road, lost its main supply route and a corridor for the withdrawal of its troops. From that moment, the command of the 42nd Rifle Corps of the Red Army gave the order to withdraw all units to Art. , to a new line of defense along the Tuntsajoki River. But it was already a belated order….

The 104th Rifle Division suffered its main losses from August 20 to 31, 1941, when leaving the encirclement. Due to the lack of good roads and swampy terrain, almost all equipment had to be abandoned.

Since August 20, 104 pp. div. fought stubborn battles to unblock forest roads, create and hold corridors in order to get out of the encirclement. At the forks, heights adjacent to the roads, there are the remains of hundreds of soldiers of the 104th division division, who were not taken out of the battlefield in August 1941. If you study the lists of losses of 104 divisions of the division for that period, then you will not find indications of the burial places of the dead soldiers in them. Then the commanders were not up to reports. Almost all the Red Army soldiers who fell during that period were left on the battlefield or are listed as missing.

On the northern flank of our defense, three German infantry regiments (392, 378, 324) still could not close the encirclement of the 42nd corps. The onslaught of the Germans was held back by 420, 596 rifle regiments, as well as 153 separate reconnaissance battalions of 122 divisions. On August 21-23, 715 divisions, breaking through from the encirclement, fought with the Finns near the Nurmitunturi hill. The 715th regiment had a combat mission - to unblock the Alakurtti-Kairaly highway near the station. Kutsa and take control of the adjoining forest road under the Nurmitunturi hill, thereby providing an exit from the encirclement of 273 rifle and 369 howitzer regiments.

In the rear of the 122nd division division there was a dirt road that the Germans did not know about and therefore it was not subjected to air raids. The road went from the Nurmijoki River, passed near Lake Yukkulampi, the Yukkutunturi Hills (to the north of Lake Nurmi) and then bifurcated, with one branch going to 16 km of the road to Alakurtti, and the other leading to Alakurtti along the Kutsa River, with a possible exit to the railway near junction No. 8. According to this primer, until August 25, 1941, the 122nd line division withdrew its units to the Alakurtti area.

But on August 25, having captured the Yukkutunturi hill, the Germans covered the column of the 208th separate anti-tank artillery division and 285th artillery with mortar and machine-gun fire. regiment 122 divisions. The 596th Rifle Regiment, in view of the dispersion of its battalions and the lack of communications between them, did not provide combat cover for the artillery subunits of the 122nd Infantry Division.

The Germans managed to destroy several GAZ-AA vehicles with guns and several horse-drawn carts. The battles for the Yukkutunturi hill and 16 km of the Alakurtti-Kairali highway continued from August 25 to 27, 1941. The losses of 208 separate artillery divisions and 285 artillery regiments amounted to several dozen people killed. At the top of the Yukkutunturi hill, in the middle of the German positions from which the columns of the Soviet 208th anti-tank artillery division were shelled, the search engines put up a memorial sign with the inscription "Nobody is forgotten, Nothing is forgotten!".

To block the advancing Finns, south of 16 km of the Alakurtti-Kairali highway, the 420th regiment was sent to help the battalion of the 1st mechanized regiment, which was the first to leave the area of ​​\u200b\u200bLake Kuolajärvi, along the very bypass dirt road. Only the 3rd battalion of the 596th regiment retreated to the Kairaly area to cover the northern flank of the 1st battalion of the 273rd regiment, which continued to block two SS battalions at the passage between the lakes Kuolajärvi - Appojärvi.

The fighting in these squares continued from 25 to 28 August. By August 26, Finnish units from the area of ​​Lake Vuorijärvi began to seep into the vicinity of Alakurtti and take up positions at near heights near Lake Ahkiojärvi. In the rear of our troops, on 8 km of the Alakurtti-Vuorijarvi road, the onslaught of the Finns was held back by the 2nd battalion of the 1st mechanized regiment and the 101st Alakurtta border detachment. On August 27, two SS battalions broke through the defenses of the 1st rearguard battalion of the 273rd regiment near the Kairal Isthmus and rushed to Alakurtti. On the same day, 169 infantry divisions. The Germans captured 16 km of the Alakurtti-Kairali and Ulantoinvara highways, starting to pursue the retreating Soviet troops.

For three days of fighting, the irretrievable losses of 420 regiments of the regiment amounted to 128 people. The regiment completed its combat mission, holding back the offensive of the Finns until the units of the 104th line of the division left the encirclement. On August 28, the regiment retreated to a new line of defense passing along the Tuntsayoki River, near the station. Alakurtti. The retreat of the 420th division of the regiment was covered by the 3rd battalion of the 273rd infantry regiment of the 104th division. (command reserve of the 42nd corps division), which had taken up defense in advance to the west of the village of Alakurtti. For organizing the cover of the 42nd line of the corps emerging from the encirclement, the chief of staff of the 273rd line of the regiment, Major Kuznetsov A.K., in 1943, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

On August 27, the 3rd battalion of the 596th division of the regiment, under the onslaught of the 392nd infantry regiment of the Germans advancing from the north, began to retreat to Alakurtti. By August 28, the 3rd battalion fought out on the northern flank of the Alakurtti defense and took up defense near the Kutsa and Tuntsayoki rivers. On August 30 and 31, he took the brunt of the German-Finnish grouping. The losses of the battalion from 27 to 31 August amounted to about a hundred people.

On August 29, the commander of the 19th separate engineer battalion of the 1st mechanized regiment, captain Sergey Gavrilovich Mokhov, together with a squad of sappers, rode a lorry to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bLake Matrakutsalampi, towards the enemy advancing from the north (along the Kutsa River), in order to mine the fork in the roads and crossings in this area . Having fallen into an ambush, all the sappers, along with the battalion commander, died. In the lists of losses, they are listed as missing.

On August 30, sappers of the same 19 O.I.B., under artillery and mortar fire from the advancing enemy, mined the railway and road bridges across the Tuntsayoki River. The commander of the sappers department Yegorov Yegor Afanasyevich died, the Red Army soldier Ulintsev Alexander Nikolayevich went missing during this combat mission, but both bridges across the Tuntsayoki river were still blown up.

True, the pedestrian bridge in the area of ​​​​the power plant remained unscathed, but it was left by sappers for the withdrawal of the rearguard of the 3rd battalion of the 273rd regiment. On it, the enemy could transport only small infantry units to the eastern coast of Tuntsayoki.

By August 31, 1941, the 169th German Infantry Division and the 6th Finnish Infantry Division crossed the river. Tuntsayoki on the flanks, creating a threat of encirclement of 273 and 715 regiments holding a bridgehead in the area of ​​​​st. Alakurtti.

On September 1, our units left the area of ​​st. Alakurtti, retreating to a new defensive line along the river. Vojta.

By September 20, 1941, the Germans, having lost their offensive power and having no reserves, were forced to go on the defensive along the line of the Verman River. The Soviet troops, having received reinforcements, occupied the positions prepared by the inhabitants of the city of Kandalaksha along the eastern shores of the lakes and rivers of Verman. The Vermana line became insurmountable for the 36th German army corps. The plan, code-named "Black and Brown Fox", failed...

On June 22, traditional commemorative events will be held in Kandalaksha with the laying of wreaths at the military graves of the Kandalaksha region.

Used materials by Mikhail Grabovsky " In the footsteps of the search parties."

Address: http://lubimeg.blogspot.ru/2012/01/blog-post_1312.html

rareblack-brown fox

The black-brown fox or silver fox, a mutant form of the wild Canadian fox, refers to a species of fox bred by humans for beautiful fur. Animals raised in captivity differ from wild animals in larger size, weighing up to 6.5 kg in females and 7.5 kg in males. The body length reaches 1 m, and the tail length is up to 60 cm. The color of the fox is black-brown, silver-black or blue-black, ash tan is possible, the tail is fluffy, the tip of the tail is always white.

Wild Canadian fox - similar to an ordinary fox, black-brown in color, with a fluffy tail and a white tip. In the 19th century, black-brown foxes lived in Labrador, Madeleine and in the rocky regions of Pennsylvania, as well as in the wild areas of New York. In the state of New York, there was also a spotted silver fox. Now lives in North America in the northern part of the continent. Silver foxes make up about 8% of the common fox population in Canada.

Canadian short-haired wild fox "Greyfox" is an excellent fur for finishing and tailoring entire products. An unusual combination of black, red and silver hairs make the greyfox fox fur very beautiful, and thanks to the dense underfur, this fur will warm even in the most severe cold.

History of silver fox farming

The black-brown fox is a rare animal that is difficult to find in the wild nature of Russia, but is occasionally found in the Kuriles. Animals sometimes run away from fur farms, and then they can be encountered in the forest. They are not afraid of people, so they are easy to catch. “The eyes of a bead, thick fur with a characteristic three-color pile, a cautious tread ...” - this is how writers described the silver fox, admiring this amazing animal. She has the same habits as an ordinary fox - cunning, smart, majestic.

Back in the 18th century, attempts were made to breed foxes in captivity on the northern islands of Russia and America. The first experiments were unsuccessful, but nevertheless crowned with success. Charles Dalton in the late 90s of the XIX century, by crossing, brought out a new species - silver-black foxes. At an auction in London, the first skin was sold for a fabulous sum of $2,718. The new business promised fantastic returns. The number of fur farms in Canada and the United States began to grow rapidly. Dividends of new joint-stock companies reached 500%. Demand and prices for live animals increased rapidly. For the period 1909-1914. the cost of a pair of breeding silver foxes has increased from $3,000 to $35,000. Almost all animals went for breeding, those rare skins that hit the market were sold for a lot of money.

During the years of World War I, the demand for luxury goods, primarily for furs, decreased significantly. The situation improved only in the 20s of the XX century, after fur farms began to be created in many countries of the world, purchasing breeding foxes in America and Canada. Silver foxes began to be bred in England, Italy, Switzerland, Greece, Norway, Finland, Sweden, even in Japan. Although the prices for skins were no longer at the record highs of the early fur farming period, it was very profitable to breed foxes. The silver-black fox remained the queen of furs.

In 10 years, the world fox market increased 20 times and reached 200,000 skins by 1930. At the same time, the price of this commodity fell. It became possible to make jackets and coats from fox fur, completely unthinkable before because of the astronomical cost. But the price of foxes decreased not only because of the increased supply, but because of the competition of other furs that ascended to the Olympus of fashion. Between large companies engaged in breeding silver foxes on the one hand and growing mink on the other, a fierce struggle broke out for markets.

For the period 1929-1933. the world crisis came, common problems reconciled all the furs for a while. The laws of life made popular a new type of woman: tougher, more determined, more rational. Integration into the global economy forced them to rethink their clothing priorities. Even wealthy ladies, who did not have to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow, preferred to look modern and wore a practical mink. The glamorous beauty of the fox was needed only by the heroines of the “dream factory”: refined, timid, luxurious and seductive. Hollywood movie divas knew very well that the exciting fluttering of fur, contrasting with a marble face, enhances the impression of the image of a fatal, impregnable goddess.

In 1934, the platinum fox was bred in Norway. In 1937, at an auction in Oslo, the first 9 skins of such a fox were sold at an average of $300, at that moment a silver fox cost $40. The novelty made a splash in the fur market. The very next year, at the same auction, the next 11 skins were sold for $1400, four of them were quickly resold in New York for $5000. In 1940, at an auction in New York, the maximum price for a platinum fox skin was $11,000. The fantastic success of the Norwegian platinum fox forced fur breeders to turn their efforts to breeding even more new types of fur-bearing animals.

World War II completely cut off European fur breeders from the American market for fox connoisseurs. Problems with feed and marketing of finished products have greatly reduced the number of fur farms in Europe. After the war, the price of silver-black foxes dropped to $7-10 per skin, which could not even compensate for the cost of rearing. Small farms went bankrupt, large ones reoriented to mink. In Europe, fox farms remained only in Norway and Finland, which made it possible to preserve specialists and the results of unique selection work. Compared with the pre-war quantity of 400-500 thousand skins, the silver fox market has decreased tenfold.

Similar worries disturbed the economies of America and Canada. The fur breeders' association forced the government to pass a law to restrict the import of furs. American fox farmers took advantage of the successful experience of their Norwegian colleagues and tried to increase the demand for fox fur by breeding new species. In the period 1954-1959. new shades with "loud" names were received: Golden Glory, Golden Amber, Opal, Onyx, Palladium, Bright Silver, Angel, Crystal. At the same time, large funds were invested in the promotion of a new product. Only the Fromm Bros farm, which specializes in breeding colored foxes, spent $100,000 advertising its products in 1959. But all attempts gave a temporary result, the demand did not increase, and the number of fox fur farms steadily decreased.

At this time, a new leader in the production of furs arose in the world. The government of the USSR understood the importance of furs for the country's economy. Almost immediately after the revolution, the organization of the first fur farms began. In 1931, a fur auction was organized in Leningrad, at which all Russian furs began to be sold. Fur farming, interrupted by the war, continued to develop at such a pace that by 1966 the production of the silver-black fox in the USSR accounted for 90% of the world market, and blue fox - 60%. The planned economy made it possible not to take into account the fashion trends of the season, and the huge, unspoiled domestic market sold all the goods that were not in demand abroad. Despite the global unpopularity of the silver fox, a collar, boa or hat made from this fur remained the eternal dream of several generations of Soviet women.

At the end of the 19th century, many fur breeds of foxes were artificially bred on fur farms: silver-black, platinum, Bakurian, Dakota and others. Due to selection, the quality of the fur has been improved compared to wild foxes. In Russia in the period from 1940-1990. the following varieties of foxes were obtained: silver-black, silver-black white-faced, platinum, platinum white-faced, golden-platinum, snowy, “fire”, “krestovka”, “sivodushka”, “northern dawn”, “arctic marble”. Today, only the silver-black fox is grown in industrial quantities, in small quantities - “firefly” and “krestovka”.

The silver fox is called the "queen" among fur animals, for their very beautiful fur, which is highly valued in world markets. The classic silver fox has a black color. A long and fluffy pile gives a magnificent look to the fur. Silver fox fur comes in several shades: from the lightest with dark “strands” of fur to darker ones with a grayish base and almost black “strands”. The villi of silver fox fur are tricolor: the base is gray, the middle is white, and the ends are black.

Since breeding work in each country was carried out independently, by now four types of bred silver-black foxes have formed in the world: Russian, American, Norwegian and Finnish.

The Russian type is closest in hair structure to the wild fox - the awn is low, soft; the average skin size is small. In the American type, the awn is stiffer and longer, the skin is larger in size, but in the area of ​​​​the shoulder blades “cross”, there is a pronounced dip. Finnish and Norwegian types are very similar: large skins, thick pile, high beautiful awn. The Norwegian type is characterized by high dense underfur, which perfectly supports the long outer hair, because of this specificity, Norwegian foxes are indispensable for edges and trimmings. The Finnish fox has the highest guard hair, which gives the impression of exotic feathers, a perfect effect for luxurious, sensual clothing.

In America and Russia, colored mutational foxes are grown in single farms in very small quantities, and Finland and Norway are the undisputed leaders in this direction. There is a Scandinavian grading system adopted by the Finnish Fur Auction in Helsinki, which is the exclusive seller of Finnish and Norwegian foxes.

The best skins in Helsinki are labeled SAGA ROYAL. At the American American Legend auction in Seattle, the marking of the best quality fox is American Legend Fox, at the Canadian NAFA auction in Toronto - NAFA Fox, at the Danish auction in Copenhagen - Kopenhagen Fur Purple.

Foxes are divided into several types:

The Fox has a pronounced hard and high outer pile.

The Silver fox has the highest pile among all foxes and special tricolor piles: dark gray at the base, white in the middle, and black at the end.

In a silver-black fox, the value of the skin is the higher, the more white in it - silver. This type is a favorite material of designers for further painting in bright colors. As a result, it gives an incomparable amazing transition of colors: from intense, in place of the white part of the hair, through muted dark underfur to radical black at the ends. This fox is also good in that its pure gray hair does not give unnecessary color distortions when painting. Recently, the discoloration "gilding" of silver-black foxes has become a fashion trend. In this case, the gray fluff acquires a color, depending on the concentration and time of the process, from dark yellow to milky white, black tips - from chestnut to light brown, the white part remains unchanged or turns slightly yellow. Of the latest know-how, partial discoloration can be noted, when limited only to the underfur, or the central part of the skin is left unchanged. There is a small amount of silver fox of the natural brown type, in which the black color has changed to light chocolate, but such skins have an uninteresting appearance and are mainly used for bleaching.

- "Red" or "golden fox" Gold fox - the most expensive. The best specimens have a delightful dark red color, uniform over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin with dark gray fluff in the depths of the pile. The light shades of the red fox are very unusual, when a white part appears on the outer hair (like a silver fox), forming a pink moiré effect on the skin.

- "Krestovka" Gold Cross fox - a hybrid of a silver-black and red fox, has an unusual appearance and is also very much appreciated. This fox got its name because of the dark cross formed by the ridge and the transverse stripe in the area of ​​​​the shoulder blades. The most expensive skins have a dark red color and a clear dark cross. But the dark tones, which are a black skin with red sides, are very original.

The Golden Island fox has very beautiful fur of a cold, light yellow color, turning white towards the belly, smoky gray in the depths of the underfur and the same backbone.

The Shadow Golden Island fox is a variation of the Golden Island fox with white sides and a "collar".

- "Snow" Fox White fox has a snow-white color, sometimes with a slight creamy tint. In Russia, it is also known as the "Georgian" or "Bakurian" fox, after the state farm, where in 1943 it was possible to breed such a species.

- "Platinum" Platinum has a very original color due to unusual guard hairs: white with gray tips. Towards the middle of the back, the hairs darken and turn into a bright ridge, and towards the neck they turn into a white collar.

- "Platinum-gold" Platinum Gold - a fox of a red type, the color of the pattern changes from gray-black to red-gold.

- "Arctic Marble" Arctic Marble is similar to "platinum" colors, but there is no two-tone awn: the hairs are either black or white. Black hairs form a diffuse ridge and a dark saddle, sometimes forming chaotic spots.

- "Arctic Marble Gold" Arctic Marble Gold is a fox of a red type, in the color of which the color of the pattern changes from gray-black to red-gold.

The Burgundy fox looks like a silver fox, but the black color is replaced with wine brown.

- "Seychelles" Seychelles fox - a fox with an awn of cinnamon color and yellow underfur.

Fawn Light fox is yellow-pink in color with a light brown spine.

Fire Gold is similar to a light golden fox, but more contrasting, with a pronounced white color.

The Sun Glo fox is white with a light red thin spine and chaotic spots.

All the time, work is underway to obtain new shades of foxes. As a result of mixing different mutations, the most bizarre hybrids arise, the colors of which simply cannot be explained in words: Arctic Golden Island, Sapphire Gold, Smokey, Red Stone, State Glow, Pearl, Amber. Colored foxes are a rare and valuable commodity: sometimes the number of skins of a new unprecedented color does not exceed 20 pieces. Their cost has always been very high, but now especially. At auctions for rare items, there is a real battle among famous fashion houses: the show of exclusive fur is an opportunity to stand out among the general mass of designers, and the absence of such a product is an excellent copy protection.

Silver fox - rluxury, nobility and chic fur

Fox fur has taken a firm place among the favorite materials of designers. Today, fashion tends to natural colors and textures, so the whole range of long-haired mutations is at a premium. They are very often used as finishes. New technologies make it possible to give this lush and thick fur the plasticity of knitwear and collect it into large products. A lot of new technologies are being developed, in which the natural luxury of fox fur gets a completely unexpected original sound. Therefore, we can say that we were lucky to witness the return to fashion of a beautiful, luxurious and cozy material, with almost limitless design possibilities - fox fur.

Silver fox fur is a valuable fur that has a spectacular and rich appearance, giving the image of femininity, charm and delight. Extraordinarily beautiful, caressing and sexy silver fox fur, soft and warm to the touch. Very beautiful fur of black-brown fox and silver-black foxes, silver hair from 30 to 100%, and the greater the degree of silver, the more expensive the skin.

Fur fashion dictates its own rules, and designers are diligently experimenting with silver fox fur. Silver fox fur is dyed in different colors, specially cut, plucked. In an unusual and original form, the fur acquires feminine splendor and luxury, becomes sensual, languid and sexy, acquires the breath of youth - airiness and elasticity. On the catwalks silver fox fur appears in different versions: from Hollywood chic to modest feminine accessories, and from the heavy languor of the “fatal woman” to the fresh sex appeal of a girl.

Silver fox fur is used to make a lot of cozy warm and indispensable clothes in cold weather: coats, fur coats, sheepskin coats, vests, collars, hats, muffs. A black-brown fox fur coat is luxurious due to its long, thick and lush fur. You can wrap yourself in soft and delicate fur and enjoy the warmth. Even during a snowfall, the long villi of your collar will cover your face and keep it warm. Long pile silver fox fur is ideal for those who appreciate comfort and warmth combined with beauty. Fur coat made of silver fox is extremely durable.

Silver fox fur goes well with other furs, leather, fabrics - it is used to decorate coats, jackets, shoes, bags and other accessories. Products made of silver fox fur are comfortable, versatile, durable, practical to wear. The chic silver fox fur will protect and warm in the winter cold, blizzard, heavy snowfall.

Silver fox looks very stylish in combination with precious stones. Large mysterious opals, sad and mysterious moonstones, brilliant tears of mother-of-pearl, languid garnets and fatal tourmalines suit the color of the color. White metals - platinum, white gold and silver are perfectly combined with the black color of the fur. Yellow gold in terms of good taste and high fashion looks vulgar, gypsy, so it is not recommended.

The splendor and elegance of the silver fox, timeless

Silver fox fur has been popular since the era of paganism in Russia, it was used in numerous pagan rituals. For centuries, silver fox was used to trim collars and cuffs of clothing, and wealthy medieval ladies trimmed boots with fox edging.

Two black-and-brown foxes serve as a prop on the coat of arms of Prince Edward Island. Heraldic foxes symbolize integrity, intelligence and wisdom. On the coat of arms of Prince Edward Island means inspiration, ingenuity and perseverance.

At the end of the 19th century, the bohemia of St. Petersburg preferred the silver fox - with its lush pile and dark color, it best set off the gloomy mood of the era. Silver fox fur was worn by bohemian Petersburg women with pale faces and bright lips. They believed that the silver fox best conveyed the aesthetics and beauty of a real decadent woman, and boldly wore devilish eyeless black-brown fox collars around their necks.

At the beginning of the 20th century, it was fashionable to wear several fox skins fastened together with papier-mâché paws and muzzles. In the 30s, silver fox gained worldwide popularity, thanks to the development of Hollywood cinema. Actresses-beauties of world size appeared on the screens with silver fox fur lying on their shoulders in the form of a collar, boa, or in fur coats and sheepskin coats. In the 40s, pin-up girls posed in fox fur coats, and in the 50s, Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor.

Entrepreneurial designers drew the contours of fur models directly from the screens. And, if until the 30s silver fox fur was used only as a trim, then after the Hollywood success they began to produce fur products made entirely of silver fox fur. In 1971, Yves Saint Laurent introduced fox fur coats dyed in bright unnatural colors - this collection shocked the older generation and went down in fashion history as a scandal. In the 90s, the image of Rene Russo in the silver fox collar from Celine, collection 1998-1999, in the film "The Thomas Crown Affair" was replicated by magazines. Later, Celine designer Michael Kors continued this theme, complementing the graphic black and white models with a black and brown fox and creating the image of "the woman everyone hates." Fox and arctic fox were shown in London - AlexanderMcQueen, TristanWebber, in Paris - YohjiYamamoto, YvesSaintLaurent, in Milan - Prada, Armani, Trussardi. Silver fox products were sold in expensive fur stores, the services of which could only be used by the elite. Silver fox fur was used to make fur coats, short fur coats, collars and boas, hats.

The silver fox is indispensable when luxury, seductiveness, and sensuality are required in clothes. Its texture is so convenient for design that it is hard to imagine that until recently fashion designers rarely used silver fox in central roles in their collections. It all started from the moment when, for the 2003-2004 season, the House of Celine demonstrated amazing jackets and coats made of fox dyed in delicate caramel colors in Paris. Despite the complete absence of bright shocking and uncomplicated cut, the collection was received with enthusiasm, and was remembered by the public. The following year, almost every fashion house used fox fur in their shows, many demonstrated bright original solutions.John Galliano for the House of Christian Dior used fox fur, dyed with a "tone stretch" in green on giant cocoon collars. Jean Paul Gaultier came up with a shocking combination of colors, combining a purple coat and a luxurious auburn trim of bleached silver fox. Lanvin's coat, embroidered with fox fur cut into "feathers", gave the impression of a huge fluffy bird. A silver cross and a Golden Island vixen met in a colorful striped Missoni jacket. Fendi and Roberto Cavalli used golden foxes in their devilishly seductive designs.