The history of the world has already met dozens of specialists in oratory, whose speeches we still remember. The most recent geniuses of this art were Hitler, Khrushchev, and other politicians who held a campaign speech. More often, it is politicians who give an example of how to turn ordinary speech into something more, an element of history. You should know that writing texts for speeches brings money, because the topic of the speech can be any, including earnings.

But it is not always the case. For example, the last "strong" speech was given by Steve Jobs in 2005, and it was not a presentation of a new product. With the help of oratory, he encouraged students at Stanford University to strive for dreams and about the benefits of looking for opportunities in life's failures. Using the techniques of speech, Jobs touched on vital topics, endearing himself to the audience, and the speech went down in history.

For some, this is a hobby, while someone studies eloquence so that the presentation will receive the highest marks and be useful.

“Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved it. You need to find what you love. And this is as true for work as it is for relationships. Your work will fill most of your life and the only way to be completely satisfied is to do what you think is a great thing. And the only way to do great things is to love what you do. If you haven't found your business yet, look for it. Do not stop. As with all things of the heart, you will know when you find it. And like any good relationship, it gets better and better with age. So seek until you find. Do not stop".

“Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't fall into the trap of dogma that says to live on other people's thoughts. Don't let the noise of other people's opinions drown out your inner voice. And most importantly: have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know who you really want to be. Everything else is secondary."“Stay hungry. Stay reckless."

If you analyze any speech by Steve Jobs, you will notice that it resembles a conversation - it is very understandable, natural and laid-back. Constant pauses, which are an integral part of speech, give emotionality to the text.

Despite the fact that this speech is considered one of the best delivered in modern times, some experts believe that Jobs lacks the correct gestures and body movements and the speech is not the limit of oratory. But do not forget that for this person this was not an activity, rather it was a hobby and duties, as the owner of the company. By the way, the presentation of new technology always looked very exciting.

Where can you find this art?

Yes, almost everywhere, in everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by such moments. Sports, friendships or other part of your life is filled with them. Maybe you don't always remember it, but if sport is a part of your life for you, then where do you look for motivation? That's right, in the words of athletes when they talk in public about their results. Sport, like business or war, requires motivation.

What is the art of oratory

If the topic of eloquence is a hobby for you, then you can not delve too deeply into the subtleties, but you should know the basic components of a good speech.

• Training. The key to a successful performance depends on your preparation for it. The clothes in which the performance will take place require careful selection.

It is important for a girl not to wear a lot of makeup and to have a modest appearance. This will put the audience at ease and not be distracting.

For men, it is important to look neat and ironed. Show success and confidence, otherwise the listener may simply not attach due importance to the words.

You need to pay attention to the elements depending on your audience. Indeed, for businessmen, money and the high cost of style will be an important element. For schoolchildren or students, a simpler and more casual look is suitable.

• Introduction. You can start with a story from life or an unusual phrase that should hook the listener. This technique is called "hook". In the speech of Steve Jobs, which we talked about above, the “hook” was used in the form of a joke.

Always use pauses between main parts of speech. It helps to digest what has been said and at the same time you can see the reaction of people.

Oratory is based on the ability to draw images, but only the right images. It should be what can be visually represented, and if it's about numbers, then you need to use slides or translate into something that can be visually measured.

• Main part. Of course, there are no specific rules for the main part, but a couple of tips can be given. Break the speech into blocks in a logical way so that it is clear where you are moving into another part of the speech.

Do not make a monologue out of the speech, otherwise the listeners will simply get bored and will feel like guests. Ask rhetorical or direct questions, draw someone from the audience into a conversation, you can call on the stage. Ask to do something. Talk energetically.

• Conclusion. You can end your speech with a beautiful phrase or take a step back. No need to stretch the conclusion and tell something else.

You can emphasize the main thing from the speech and at the end start to lower the tone. Then everyone will understand that the performance is over. The art of ending a speech briefly and clearly requires mandatory practice.

• Personal examples and stories. Now it is difficult to surprise with some facts or insert something completely new for the target audience into the text of the main part.

Therefore, personal stories are on a par with pauses and images in the foundations of the art of successful performance. Let's say if you are a businessman, it would be good to tell you how you earned your first money. Telling a story from life, you bring the viewer closer to you, give you the opportunity to imagine yourself in your place. And if you write a speech correctly, then you can integrate key points into the story and convey the necessary information to the viewer.

Genre of speech

Oratory is divided into types and a person can delve into any genre. Here are the main directions of this art:

• scientific genre;
• political;
• judicial speech;
• church genre;
• other types of eloquence.

Money as the goal of oratory

Currently, trainings and seminars, where the topic of how to make money is discussed, has swept the Internet. Actually, the Internet has contributed to this. He opened up opportunities for earning, and hence for learning. After all, before the main source of self-study was the book.

An example of speeches by millionaires at universities or online seminars in the Internet space - this all relates to the subject of business, where the main task is to make money. The purpose of these speeches is to motivate the listener, charge them with emotions and the desire to do something. All this is driven by the desire to have a lot of money and be independent. A good way to convert the knowledge of oratory into money is to open a school for the practice and study of eloquence.

court speech

Judicial speech as a genre came to us from ancient Greece. In connection with the growth of the population, politicians studied oratory, and judicial speech was of great importance at that time. The fate of a politician could be decided by the ability to speak in public. In Greece, this skill was trained and paid a lot of money for it.

Since in the courts at that time everyone had to defend himself, citizens who had money paid logographers for the text, and court speech made it possible to avoid punishment.

The court speech, like any other, consisted of an introduction, main part and conclusion. The man thus tried to pity the judges and make them believe that his court speech was not fictitious.

Judicial practice in ancient times was the property of the people, and many people gathered for the court, so it was problematic to speak without proper preparation.

Judicial speech, as a genre, has a place to be and develop in modern times and can bring money to professionals. All prosecutors and lawyers prepare the text of the speech in advance, this is what distinguishes a good lawyer. In order for a court speech to impress the judge and jury, techniques in rhetoric are used.

An example of Lincoln's speech

In 1863, a few months after the bloody battle, Lincoln delivered the famous Gettysburg Address. There is no need to talk about oratory and attitude to professional rhetoric here, there simply would not be enough space for receptions in it. But the text written by Lincoln, forced to shed tears and cling to the soul

The public speech lasted only about two minutes, but history will not forget those two minutes. As a result, this speech was carved on a monument in the Lincoln Memorial.

“Eighty-seven years have passed since our fathers founded a new nation on this continent, owing its birth to freedom and devoting itself to proving that all people are born equal.”

“Now we are going through the great test of civil war, which will decide whether this nation, or any nation like it by birth or calling, is able to endure. We met on the field where the great battle of this war was fought. We have come to consecrate a part of this land - the last resting place of those who gave their lives for the life of this nation. And that in itself is quite appropriate and worthy.”

“But still it is not in our power to consecrate this field, make it sacred, spiritualize this land. By the deeds of the brave men, the fallen and the living, who fought here, this land is already sacred, and it is not in our modest power to add or subtract anything. What we say here will only be glimpsed and soon forgotten, but what they did here will never be forgotten. Let us, the living, devote ourselves to the unfinished business that these warriors were doing here. Let us dedicate ourselves here to the great work that lies ahead of us, and be even more determined to give ourselves to the goal to which those who have fallen here have given themselves to the end. Let us solemnly swear that their death will not be in vain, that this God-guarded nation will find renewed freedom, and that the power of the people, by the will of the people and for the people, will not disappear from the face of the earth.

Historians say that Lincoln decided to write the text for the speech himself, taking as a basis the principle of equality from the Declaration of Independence and relying on the great figures of the past. According to eyewitnesses, the speech was so strong that it made the people believe that all the victims were not in vain, and they are not fighting against other states, but are fighting for the freedom of the people and the future of their native state. Just one text allowed people to unite, like a family, to resist the enemy.

Example of Chaplin's text

Charlie Chaplin's speech test is called in Russian translation "How I fell in love with myself" and became our story and the main speech of a person. He said it on his seventieth birthday.

True, there are rumors that in fact the example of the text could have been written by fans from Brazil. There is no clear evidence that this was the work of Charlie Chaplin, as well as exact evidence of forgery.

Despite this, the speech on the topic of self-love turned out great and deserves attention - this is an example that you can use for your own purposes.

“When I fell in love with myself, I realized that longing and suffering are only warning signs that I am living against my own truth. Today I know it's called "BE YOURSELF".

When I fell in love with myself, I realized how much you can offend someone if you impose on him the fulfillment of my own desires, when the time has not yet come, and the person is not yet ready, and this person is myself. Today I call it “SELF-RESPECT”.

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped wanting another life, and suddenly I saw that the life that surrounds me now provides me with all the opportunities for growth. Today I call it "MATURE".

When I fell in love with myself, I realized that under any circumstances I am in the right place at the right time, and everything happens only at the right moment. I can always be calm. Now I call it "SELF CONFIDENCE".

As I began to love myself, I stopped stealing my own time and dreaming of big future projects. Today I only do what gives me joy and makes me happy, what I love and what makes my heart smile. I do it the way I want and at my own pace. Today I call it SIMPLE.

When I fell in love with myself, I freed myself from everything that harms my health - food, people, things, situations. All the things that led me down and out of my own way. Today I call it "LOVE FOR YOURSELF".

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped always being right. And that's when I started making fewer and fewer mistakes. Today I realized that this is "MODITY".

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped living in the past and worrying about the future. Today I live only in the present moment and call it "SATISFACTION".

When I fell in love with myself, I realized that my mind can interfere with me, that it can even make me sick. But when I was able to connect him to my heart, he immediately became my valuable ally. Today I call this connection "WISDOM OF THE HEART".

We no longer need to be afraid of arguments, confrontations, problems with ourselves and with other people. Even stars collide, and out of their collisions new worlds are born.Today I know that this is “LIFE”.

Churchill's public speech (part)

Churchill is a master at writing text for speeches. A speech on a military theme in 1940 did not leave anyone indifferent and provides an example to follow.

“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We are facing a severe test. Before us are many long months of struggle and suffering. What is our policy, you ask? I answer: to wage war on sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the power that God can bestow upon us; wage war against a monstrous tyranny that has never been equaled in the grim and mournful list of human crimes.

That is our policy. What is our goal, you ask? I can answer in one word: victory - victory at any cost, victory in spite of all the horrors; victory, no matter how long and thorny the path to it may be; without victory, we will not survive. It is necessary to understand: the British Empire will not be able to survive - everything for which it existed will perish, everything that humanity has defended for centuries, what it has strived for for centuries, and what it will strive for will perish. However, I accept my duties with energy and hope. I am sure that people will not let our cause perish.

Now I feel entitled to demand help from everyone, and I say: "Let's go forward together, joining our forces."

Churchill was allowed to write this text by the techniques of the art of eloquence. Historical this text made directness and honesty of statements.

A month after the speech of the ally of England, the Germans defeated and captured, on this subject he wrote another text and spoke with it. Parts of his speech should be found and read, this is a good example if you want to write a speech or your goal is to make a cool presentation.

Sports, friendship, family, hobbies are topics on which you can write professional texts and apply oratory. Examples or parts of oratory texts can be found on the Internet or seen on television. This is a must if you want to write a text that is good for reading and speaking. A book on public speaking will also help with learning, reading specialized literature has improved my ability to properly conduct a dialogue, thanks to which friendship with people has become stronger, and a recent hobby has begun to pay dividends.

Charismatic people know how to attract attention, are remembered for their speeches and actions. Charismatics are energetic, passionate and emotional leaders. We will show you how to become such a person.

« Charisma is the spark in a person that money can't buy. It's an invisible energy with a visible effect."

Marianne Williamson

A charismatic person will always stand out from the crowd and make people follow him. Charismatics fall in love with themselves at first sight with their unusualness, charm, originality and talent.

Examples of charismatic personalities

Celebrities: Sarah Bernard, Coco Chanel, Julia Roberts, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs.

Historical figures: Napoleon, Churchill, Lenin, Stalin.

Politicians: George Washington, Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin.

Religious leaders: Buddha, Christ, Mohammed.

Traits of a charismatic personality

Esotericists believe that the souls of such people are more perfect, linking this with numerous reincarnations in past lives.

A scientific description was offered by a historian and sociologist Max Weber: a charismatic person is "assessed as gifted with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically special powers and properties not available to other people."

According to house theories, a charismatic personality is distinguished from others by 3 features: the need for power, confidence in oneself and one's abilities, and conviction in the correctness of one's actions.

Charismatic people know how to energize, they attract success, wealth, and the right people into their lives. Everything works out for them, they strive for success, they want to be friends and communicate with them.

The main qualities of a charismatic person:

Attract to you like a magnet

Inspire others

Passionate about what they do

Develop inclinations

Communicate with pleasure

Can find the main

Motivate yourself and the environment

see targets

Lead an active lifestyle

Have a positive attitude

How to develop charisma

Robert Greene in his book "48 Laws of Power" described the behavior of extraordinary and bright personalities. In his opinion, charismatics can learn to enhance charisma with the help of “a piercing gaze, passionate speeches, an enigmatic air. They are able to lead huge masses of people. Learn to create the illusion of charisma by radiating energy while remaining detached and unflappable.”

Charismatic people follow rules that make them stand out from the crowd.

By learning the basic principles of charismatic life, you can enhance your best qualities.

Plan

Create your own action plan. People around you should understand that you have goals, and good and noble ones. Then they will reach out to you to share and support them.

Secret

The secret will let people talk about you. They will try to guess your identity.

It could be a mystery of origin, family legends, or the inconsistency of your personality.

Lifestyle

The main thing is that words do not diverge from deeds. If you are talking about important human values, then try to match the actions with the speeches.

Sociability

The ability to speak demonstrates the power of your words. Eloquence and theatricality will also play a positive role. Learn to speak and influence the minds of your listeners. Be able to convince, hold the attention of people, lead followers.

No fears

Many suffer from complexes and fears. If you show that you are not afraid of anything, then you will demonstrate strength. Your courage will prove your ability to take risks, and this is attractive and admirable. Cowardice kills charisma.

Faith

You must sincerely believe in something with great strength. This strength and inspiration will spread to other people. Remember that faith helps and unites like nothing else.

Sight

Feel free to look ahead, make eye contact with rivals, keep your eyes on important things. There should be strength and magnetism in the way you look.

Conclusion:

The word "charisma" means in translation from ancient Greek "to attract attention to oneself."

You can become a charismatic person. Attract attention to yourself, develop your abilities, learn, communicate. Find your goal, take matters into your own hands and achieve what you aspire to!

Did you like the rules of a charismatic personality?

Charisma is a word for many people and remains a mystery. The concept of "charisma" came to us from the time of ancient Greece. Charites - the ancient Greek goddesses - had the ability to gracefully and gracefully move and were distinguished by indescribable beauty.

Charisma can be described as the ability to attract attention, control a large number of people, to the extent that it can impose its ideological principles on other people. This is a resource of a person's personality that helps self-improvement.

Charismatic people find it easier to move up the career ladder, build relationships and influence the minds of other members of society. Charisma is a kind of synonym for leadership. Only born leaders can achieve breathtaking heights.

Consider in the article the features inherent in charismatic personalities.

I realized that it is impossible to follow a leader without admiring him.
Delight is a stronger feeling than a feeling of power.
Charisma is more effective than primitive pressure.
Augusto Kuri. dream seller

Oratory skills of charismatic people

Undoubtedly, a common feature of many charismatic people is the perfect mastery of the art of the word. Simply put, all charismatic people are great speakers. The leader, like advertising, is the engine of progress and any process.

He must be able to speak in front of an audience. The audience can be very diverse: class, university audience, colleagues, social strata of the population, if we talk about a larger scale, this is a whole nation. Reach out to people, cause them to change their emotional mood, open people's minds to enter the information they need.

You can be a great speaker without being charismatic. And there are many such examples: heads of departments at enterprises, teachers, managers in commercial organizations. The words of such people have a meaning that you understand, and they are 100% right, but they do not light the fire of your consciousness and do not provoke people to "go and do it."

A child with pronounced charisma on a subconscious level will be drawn to mastering the art of oratory. He will need time to replenish his vocabulary and read intellectual books. This will later become the foundation of ideas and ideological principles.

Charismatic people know how to use public speaking as a tool to achieve their goals and ideas. Charisma is an individual feature of a person's talent. Do not cherish the illusion that after reading a couple of abstruse books you will become a super-charismatic person. Many may think that it is worth watching the actions and speeches of famous and powerful people - and you can learn charisma, this will not work either. But almost everyone can hone their oratorical skills to the level of perfection.

7 Traits of a Charismatic Personality

Stories and stories - master level

Mastery of the art of telling tales, stories, parables, the ability to convey well-known facts, interesting cases from personal experience and illustrate all this with arguments is another facet of oratory.

With this, you can convince and win over to your side a huge number of human minds. Carriers of charisma successfully use such stories to educate and convince the masses of people. Storytelling is a very functional thing. Simplicity and accessibility - this is exactly the format that is useful for the correct presentation of information in the minds of the masses of people.

In most cases, the main object of the stories of a charismatic personality is the person himself, his experience and personal views and beliefs. Most often, this is based on facts from the biography and personal experience, and supplemented with examples from the immediate environment.

Video: What qualities should a charismatic person have

Public appearances

Speaking in public, a charismatic person literally pours out his own emotions. All his judgments, as a rule, are based on the subjectivity of the narrator himself. Almost every living person can envy the enthusiasm with which a charismatic speaker talks.

All statements, statements and calls for active action are conveyed by the speaker in the coloring of his personal relationship to everything. Most often, the format of such speeches is preaching. The manifestation of ideological leadership - in the pace of voice and demeanor during the speech. Usually speech is conducted quietly and rather slowly, movements are slowed down or minimized.

All this is done with one goal - to draw the attention of the audience to their own figure. There are also long pauses.

Famous charismatic personalities: examples

• Such iconic personalities as Brezhnev or Stalin were extremely restrained and balanced in their speeches.
• In order for the nation to better perceive the leader and the essence of the speeches to be firmly embedded in the minds, Fidel Castro's speeches were theatricalized. He, too, always spoke measuredly, but skillfully used the modulation of his own voice, using the boom of his voice. Everything described above is a prime example of an ideal performance.

But there were and still are charismatic personalities who use a diametrically opposite model:

• Hitler and Zhirinovsky can be safely attributed to them.
  The first during the speeches literally spat saliva, shouted a lot and gesticulated with great power.
  Zhirinovsky, on the other hand, uses fussiness, emancipation and vigor. It even became his trademark.
• The ideological inspirer of one of the leading Apple companies, Steve Jobs, rehearsed a lot and hard before performances. At first glance, all his speeches seemed relaxed and liberated, but all this was the result of many days of rehearsals. He actually needed a huge amount of effort and rehearsal for this.
• Churchill and Hitler preferred to rehearse in front of a mirror. And always devoted many hours to this occupation.

A charismatic person is always a teacher

No one will teach the truth the way a charismatic person does. A charismatic person is always a teacher, mentor, or just a deeply knowledgeable person. He always has knowledge and is sure that it is he who knows how to live, what ideological principles to bring into his life, how to act in various situations.

For a charismatic person, there is no concept of biological age. With the help of the ability to convince a large number of people of the seriousness of his personality, knowledge and experience, he can interest any age category. He may be 2 times younger than his listeners, but no one will even think of reproaching him with a hint.

The speeches and performances of people with pronounced charisma never look like boring and ordinary speeches. There is only one format - communication with the public, understanding when it is worth getting a feedback - and on an intuitive level, he will feel the mood of the audience.

Live speech is the main tool of a charismatic speaker. For him, the most important thing is to focus on his person. In the most extreme cases, he resorts to the use of pre-written speeches and words.

And the use of presentations and slides is more like a well-staged scenery for his speech. These are forced measures that are resorted to only when there is a need to dilute the speech. But this is not the basis for reporting the facts.

The presence of orchestrated actions in the performances of a charismatic person is also important. In each speech of a charismatic speaker, there is a directing of actions and the speech itself. So it may seem to every person who closely peers and listens attentively to the performance.

Here it is necessary to understand that any public speaking has a lot of subtleties and nuances. Each performance has its own structural division into the introduction, the build-up of intrigue and general tension, the climax and the finale. In general, it resembles a well-directed theatrical performance. After all, in fact, this is a well-rehearsed production.

The connection between energy and charisma

A healthy and strong spirit, psychological and physical health can serve as a guarantee of success. A charismatic personality must also be a source of energy itself.

The specifics are such that sometimes you have to perform in public more than once a day, and all performances must be of the highest quality. By his mere presence, this personality must infect people's minds and invest their ideas.

Well, I immediately felt that there was something between us. Well, some kind of attraction, connection .. bluetooth! Or some kind of charisma.
Real boys. Kolyan

Loyalty is not always a companion of charisma

A distinctive feature of charismatic people can almost always be called the absence of such a quality as loyalty.

For the most part, carriers of charisma rarely think about correctness, and more often they don’t think at all. They are cruel, rarely compromise. Charismatic individuals do not fill their presentations with courtesy, gratitude, and compassion.

A true leader, with just one speech, can radically change the way a person thinks. He is able to turn his head, fill a person with confidence and change the stereotype of thinking and judgment.

Topics that are touched by true leaders most often put their audience in a conflict situation with the outside world. Often, for a certain segment of the population, such speeches can be offensive, provocative or even scandalous.

Examples of the specifics of the speech of a charismatic personality

The speech uttered by a true leader, the owner of charisma, is mostly full of special words, sayings, epithets, specific winged expressions that are rarely used in the everyday life of the majority of people.

Such "chips" can be used as part of the ideology that a person endowed with charisma introduces into the masses. Or simply explained by the peculiarities of his biography or a special origin.

Particularly specific mastery of gestures is an important factor and aspect of the personality of a person with charisma. The gesture itself can be anything: restrained, graceful, overly mannered or harsh, awkward.

The most important thing is that these gestures complement the harmony of the individual. Even speech defects and accents can be used to create an individual image of a charismatic person.

True charisma is the ability to arouse the strongest inspiration within yourself and demonstrate it outwardly.
This ability makes a person an object of close attention and unconscious imitation by others.
Leah Greenfield

The essence of a charismatic personality

For a bearer of charisma, the primary role is played by individuality. After all, it is the distinctive features that help the speeches of such a person to penetrate deep into the consciousness of a wide range of people and stay there for a long time. For a true leader, correct speech is not the main factor determining his success.

Ecology of life: When you meet some people, you suddenly start to feel significant. Special. When some people enter the room, it seems to light up.

When you meet certain people, you suddenly start to feel important. Special. When some people enter the room, it seems to light up. We cannot always define this quality, but some people have it: they are naturally charismatic. Unfortunately, natural charisma quickly loses its effect. Closer acquaintance breeds familiarity.

But some people retain amazing charisma: they build and maintain great relationships, they systematically influence (in a good way) others, they systematically encourage others to feel better about themselves. These are the kind of people that everyone wants to be around… and that everyone wants to become. Fortunately, we are capable of this. Charisma is not our level of success, not our presentation skills, not the way we dress, and not the image we broadcast to the world. This is what we do.

Here are 10 habitual traits of people with remarkable charisma:

1. They listen more than they talk.

Ask questions. Maintain eye contact. Smile. Frown. Nod. Answer - not so much verbally as non-verbally. That's all that is needed to demonstrate to the interlocutor his significance. Then, when you're talking, don't offer advice unless you're asked. Listening shows you care much better than advice, because when you offer advice, you most often turn the conversation from the interlocutor to yourself. Speak only when you are ready to say something important; and important is what is meaningful to the other person, not to you.

2. They don't have the practice of listening to people selectively.

Some people - I'm sure you know some - are unable to listen to anything said by people they consider inferior to them. Of course, you are talking to them, but you can see in their eyes that your words do not reach their ears. Truly charismatic people listen carefully to everyone, and any of us, regardless of position, social status or “level”, feels that he has something in common with them. That’s right: we are all human.

3. They put things off for later.

Don't check messages on your phone. Don't glance at your monitor. Don't focus on anything else, even for a minute. You will never really connect with others if you are "connected" to something else. Give people your full attention. Few are capable of such a gift. And it in itself encourages others to want to be closer to you, to remember you.

4. They give before they get - and often get nothing.

Never think about what you will get. Focus on what you can provide yourself. Giving is the only way to make a real connection, a real relationship. If you have at least partially, even for a minute, thought about what you can get from another person, then you already show that you consider only yourself important.

5. They never show their worth...

The only ones who can be impressed by your swaggering, pretentious, self-important personality are the same swaggering and pretentious people. The rest are not impressed. Rather annoying and uncomfortable. And people hate the moment you walk into a room.

6. …Because they realize that other people are more important than them.

You already know what you know. You know your opinions, your ideas and points of view. It doesn't matter because it's yours anyway. You won't learn anything from yourself. But you don't know what other people know, and everyone, whoever they are, knows something that you don't know. This makes them far more important than you, because they are the people you can learn from.

7. They shed light on others.

Praise is never enough. Never. Tell people they did a good job. What? Are you saying you don't know if they did well? Shame on you - you are required to know this. It's your job to know these things in time. People will appreciate not only your praise itself, but also the fact that you pay enough attention to them and keep an eye on what they are doing. Then they will feel a little more complete and a little more meaningful.

8. They choose the right words.

9. They don't discuss the failures of others...

Of course, we all love to gossip a little. We all like to hear a little dirt. The problem is, we don't necessarily like the people who spout this dirt, and we certainly don't have respect for those people. Don't laugh at others. When you do this, people around you think - are you laughing at them sometimes?

10. …But they readily admit their own failures.

Incredibly successful people are considered to have charisma because they are successful. Their success seems to create a kind of halo, even radiance. But only as if. You don't have to be incredibly successful to be extremely charismatic. Be humble. Share your bummers. Admit your mistakes. Be an instructive example. And laugh at yourself. People will not laugh at you. They will laugh with you. For this, they will love you more - and even more want to be with you. published

Throughout the history of mankind, people with a strong will, as if gifted from above with some kind of charisma, decided the fate of other people, countries, the world, established their own order and power, and many of them, even after death, still continue to influence socio-political life. .

Types of power

Considering the concept of "power" as a general sociological category, it is customary to distinguish three types of management. This is legal (lawful-rational), traditional, charismatic power. In science, they are usually called ideal types. Such a division was once proposed by the famous German sociologist and historian M. Weber. It should be noted that charismatic leaders often have two sociological characteristics: they are mostly people from the periphery, and sometimes even citizens of another state, and in almost one hundred percent of cases they come to power not legally, but through usurpation or as a result of existing critical circumstances.

Charismatic power as an ideal type

Charismatic power was defined by Max Weber as one of the ideal types. In his research, he does not pay enough attention to how a particular leader becomes a ruler and remains so, preferring to explore more the relationship between citizens and leaders, that is, the so-called social factors.

Thus, M. Weber determines that traditional power is based on the fact that citizens automatically agree to this system precisely because of its existence. This means that people emotionally and often contrary to the effectiveness of the system continue to maintain the existing order. On the contrary, lawful-rational government, precisely because of its effectiveness, maintains in citizens the belief in the legitimacy of government, which gives people conviction in the justice of such government.

Leader as the basis of charismatic power

Charismatic power is based solely on the ability of the leader, and often it does not matter whether these qualities are real or imaginary. Weber in his works does not define what exactly is meant by this concept. With regard to a charismatic personality, he implies that this is a kind of leader with supernatural and superhuman qualities, or at least exceptional abilities and capabilities. Thus, religious figures fall under the concept of charismatics, but the question of whether these leaders had real power remains open. According to Weber, the main characteristic of charismatic power is the presence of an acute social crisis; in fact, the scientist does not consider that the leader's popularity can arise without this.

Subsequent researchers have significantly expanded the scope of such a concept as "charisma". If initially this concept was associated exclusively with a certain “divine gift”, then already in the works that the recognized charismatic leaders themselves left behind, the explanation of this phenomenon is not limited to a supernatural manifestation. Points of view on this issue are extremely different. For example, Marxist determinism connects the appearance of such people with the will of a society that requires change, rejecting the role of the individual himself. And vice versa, such an ideal charismatic leader as French President Charles de Gaulle fully supports the theory of the exclusive role of the individual himself in this or that crisis period, which he directly writes about in his book “On the Edge of the Sword”.

Characteristics of this type of power

The set of distinctive properties as a characteristic of charismatic power is manifested in the following points:

1. Extremely personal character.
2. Non-historical, that is, the leader often does not adhere to any stereotypes, rules and even laws that existed before.
3. Alienation of charismatic power from purely practical and everyday problems, in particular from the economy. Indiscriminate methods in economic problems - often the charismatic power prefers not to collect taxes, but to take away funds, confiscate and expropriate them, trying to give these actions a legal look.

signs

Signs of charismatic power will manifest themselves in the following form:

1. Public sharing of ideas, future accomplishments and support of the leader, followers connect personal plans with the activities of the organization.
2. The optimism and high degree of enthusiasm of the supporters, each of whom is actually trying to become a "lower order" charismatic leader.
3. The central place in any social relationship is given to the leader. Thus, it creates the feeling that the leader is everywhere and takes part in any social event.

Pros and Cons of Establishing Charismatic Authority

Legitimacy, that is, the consent of citizens to such a rule, arises as soon as a sufficiently large number of people are ready to become followers of their leader. There is no more personal form of government than the charismatic type of government. The power acquired by the leader surrounds him with a peculiar aura and helps him to believe more and more in his abilities, which, in turn, attracts an increasing number of adherents. But a charismatic leader would not be one if he did not feel the needs of people.

It is leadership power, charismatic in nature, that acquires serious significance in such conditions when radical changes are needed or in an environment that is not adapted for this, is inert due to ingrained culture and traditions, and often has been in a state of stagnation for a long time. However, it is rather unstable due to the fact that the leader must consistently demonstrate his strength and exclusivity, manage and simultaneously solve more and more new tasks, and with resounding success. Otherwise, even from a single failure, the leader in the eyes of followers may lose attractiveness, which means a loss of legitimacy.

In addition, this type of power has both positive aspects and disadvantages. The main negative parameter is that power, charismatic in its essence, is at the same time a usurpation, moreover, forcing the ruler himself to delve into and solve almost all everyday and even the smallest domestic issues of the state. However, if the leader can cope with these tasks, there is a serious positive effect associated with the fact that the government actually satisfies the majority of public interests.

Characteristics of a charismatic leader

At a minimum, a charismatic person must have a number of features that can be called basic:

• energy, that is, the ability to "radiate" and "charge" the energy of the surrounding people;
• impressive colorful appearance, which implies attractiveness, not beauty (often this type of leader has physical defects);
• a high degree of independence, primarily from the opinions of others;
• excellent oratory skills;
• absolute and unshakable confidence in yourself and your own actions.

Examples of Charismatic Leaders

Charismatic leaders were originally characterized by Max Weber as religious personalities, but capable of changing the social life of society. There is no doubt that both Jesus Christ and the Prophet Muhammad were charismatic persons who still influence today. But being a charismatic person and being a charismatic leader are two completely different things. In the future, the sociologist George Barnes slightly corrected the concept, and today for those whom we are accustomed to calling charismatic leaders, another definition is more appropriate, namely, “heroic leader”.

Such heroic personalities were Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Lenin and Stalin, Hitler and de Gaulle. These people, who have completely different abilities, are vivid examples of charismatics who have become heroic leaders in critical events. In this context, it is very difficult to call large manufacturing leaders such as Henry Ford or Bill Gates as charismatic leaders, although they undoubtedly have charisma. In total, we can add to this some classic examples of charismatic (heroic) leaders who in reality had minimal power, showing their influence more through the support of supporters - Jeanne d, Arc, Marshal Zhukov, Che Guevara. History knows many examples when power, charismatic and legitimate, generally ended in the complete defeat of both the leader himself and his ideas, and served as an instrument for the death of states and the reorganization of the world order. This is undoubtedly Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Mikhail Gorbachev.

Of the living charismatic leaders, only one person can be fully attributed to this concept without any reservations - Fidel Castro, who, undoubtedly, even after the resignation of power, is an extremely influential leader both among his own people and in the world social environment.