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Suddenly: words bull and bee- single root. Words starting with a letter Y, in our language as many as 74. And in the Guinness Book of Records, a word is recorded with a length of 35 letters.

website never ceases to be amazed by the complexity and richness of the Russian language and presents 20 interesting and unexpected facts that you probably did not know:

• Most words with a letter F in Russian - borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in The Tale of Tsar Saltan there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

• There are only 74 words in Russian that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga and Yoshkar-Olu.

• Russian has words for S. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Ylymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyul.

• The only words in Russian with three letters E in a row is long-necked(and others on - neck: for example, crooked-, short-).

• There is a word in Russian with a prefix unique to the language co- - nook and cranny.

• The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is take out. It is believed that in this word the so-called zero root, which is in alternation with the root - them- (take out). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in take off, embrace, understand(cf. take, hug, understand), but subsequently the root - nya- was reinterpreted as a suffix - well- (how in poke, puff).

• The only one-syllable adjective in Russian is evil.

• There are words in Russian with prefixes unique to the language and- (total, total) and a- (maybe; obsolete "but no luck") formed from unions and and a.

• The words bull and bee- single root. In the works of ancient Russian literature, the word bee spelled as bchela. Vowel alternation b / s explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound u. If you remember the dialect verb thrash, meaning "roar", "buzz", "buzz" and etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what was the general meaning of these words.
• Dahl suggested replacing a foreign word atmosphere into Russian colosemia or mycoholic.

• Until the 14th century in Russia, all indecent words were called "absurd verbs."

• In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language is X-ray electrocardiographic, in the 2003 edition - highly contemplative.

• In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, 2003 edition, the longest (in letters) common noun in the dictionary form is an adjective private enterprise. Consists of 25 letters.

• The longest verbs - be re-examined, to be substantiveized and internationalize(all - 24 letters; word forms -permanent and -becoming- 25 letters each).

• The longest nouns - misanthropy and excellency(24 letters each; word forms -ami- 26 letters, however, misanthropy practically not used in the plural. h.).

• The longest animate nouns are eleventh grader and clerk(by 21 letters, word forms -ami- 23 letters each).

• The longest adverb in the dictionary is unsatisfactory(19 letters). However, it should be noted that from the vast majority of quality adjectives on th / -th adverbs are formed -about / -e, which are not always fixed by the dictionary.

• The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is physical education hello(15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).

• Word respectively is the longest sentence. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle exclusively- a letter shorter.

• There are so-called insufficient verbs in Russian. Sometimes the verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you win i... win? I will run? victory? Philologists suggest using replacement constructions "I will win" or "I will be the winner". Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

• The English use the mnemonic "yellow-blue bus" to successfully master the difficult phrase "I love you".

— 20 entertaining facts about the Russian language
- 23 interesting facts about the great and mighty
— 4 interesting facts about the Russian language

1) Most words with the letter F in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in The Tale of Tsar Saltan there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

2) There are only 74 words in Russian that begin with the letter Y. But most of us remember only iodine, yoga and Yoshkar-Ola.

3) In Russian there are words for Y. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Ylymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyul.

4) The only words in Russian with three letters E in a row are long-necked (and others on the -neck: for example, crooked-, short-).

5) In Russian there is a word with a unique prefix for the language ko- - zakuulok.

6) The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is to take it out. It is believed that in this word the so-called zero root, which is in alternation with the root -im- (take out-im-at). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like to take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, hug, understand (cf. shoot, hug, understand), but subsequently the root -nya- was rethought as a suffix - well- (as in poke, puff).

7) The only one-syllable adjective in Russian is evil.
8) In the Russian language there are words with prefixes unique for the language i- (total, total) and a- (maybe; outdated. “but you’re not lucky”), formed from unions and and a.

9) The words bull and bee are the same root. In the works of ancient Russian literature, the word bee was written as bechela. The alternation of vowels ъ / ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound u. If we recall the dialect verb to roar, which means “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, insect and bull, it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words was.

10) Dal suggested replacing the foreign word atmosphere with the Russians kolozemitsa or myrokolitsa.

11) Until the XIV century in Russia, all indecent words were called "absurd verbs."

12) In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, X-ray electrocardiographic is named the longest word in the Russian language, in the 2003 edition - highly contemplating.

13) In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, 2003 edition, the longest (in letters) common noun in the dictionary form is the adjective private entrepreneurial. Consists of 25 letters.

14) The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize (all - 24 letters; word forms - and - having - 25 letters each).

15) The longest nouns are misanthropy and excellency (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, misanthropy is practically not used in plural).

16) The longest animate nouns are an eleventh grader and a clerk (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).

17) The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory (19 letters). However, it should be taken into account that the vast majority of quality adjectives ending in -ы / -й form adverbs ending in -о / -е, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

18) The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is physical education hello (15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).

19) The word is accordingly the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle is exceptional - one letter shorter.

20) There are so-called insufficient verbs in Russian. Sometimes the verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He wins, you win, I... win? will I run? win? Philologists suggest using replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner”. Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

1) A huge number of words in Russian that have the letter F were borrowed from other languages.

2) Only 74 words begin with the letter Y in Russian.

3) There are words in Russian that begin with the letter Y. Interesting facts about the Russian language say that these are the names of some rivers and cities.

4) The length of Russian words can be unlimited.

5) Not all native speakers of the Russian language use words correctly today.

6) The Russian language is considered one of the richest and most complex languages ​​in the world.

7) The Russian language is expressive and rich.

9) Facts about the Russian language show that this language has become the 4th most translated language.

10) Russian is considered one of the 6 official languages ​​of the UN. 11. The Russian language has words in which 3 letters e go in a row. This is a snake-eater and a long-necked one.

11) There are practically no native Russian words in the language that begin with the letter A.

12) In order to remember the Russian phrase "I love you", the English use the phrase "Yellow-blue bus".

13) The Russian language in the world is classified as an Indo-European language.

14) Approximately 200 million people use the Russian language in their speech. This is evidenced by interesting facts about the Russian language for children.

15) Russian is considered difficult to learn.

16) The longest interjection in the Russian language is the word "physical education-hello."

17) In the plural, the verb "to be" in Russian is not used. This is evidenced by interesting facts about the verb.

18) Despite the fact that only 6 cases in Russian are studied according to the school curriculum, there are actually 10 of them.

19) The word "cucumber", which is widely used in Russian, is borrowed from Greek.

20) The word from the Russian language "doctor" comes from the word "lie", but in the old days the meaning of this word was different.

21) There are no restrictions on the number of prefixes in Russian.

22) The alphabet of the Russian language is similar to Latin.

23) The longest particle in the Russian language is the word "exclusively".

1) We took the Russian language out of all historical catastrophes.
Konstantin Paustovsky is a hundred times right when he wrote: “Miracles can be done with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that could not be conveyed by the Russian word. There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.

2) One coffee.
Since 2009, according to the order of the Ministry of Education, coffee has also become of a middle kind. It turns out that both options are acceptable. The logic of the decision was as follows. The word coffee is feminine, coffee is masculine, and coffee is neuter.

3) Where are the standards? The business of society is to be attentive to native speech and maintain its standards.
It was once believed that the announcers of the central radio and television had the most correct speech. There were rumors that for errors in speech they were deprived of bonuses and even deducted from their salaries. It would be nice to return to the tradition of the past, since the current "talking heads" allow themselves a very free attitude to the Russian language. Basically, the trouble is with accents: leisure, catalog, high, you call and stuff like that. \

4) A task for connoisseurs.
In one old club game “What? Where? When?" Experts were asked about the true meaning of the title of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Experts answered correctly. Try it too. Below is a hint.

In the title of the novel, the word world is used as an antonym to war (pre-revolutionary "mir"), and not in the sense of "the world around" (pre-revolutionary "mir"). All lifetime editions of the novel came out under the title "War and Peace", and Tolstoy himself wrote the title of the novel in French as "La guerre et la paix". However, due to misprints in different publications at different times, where the word was written as “mir”, disputes about the true meaning of the novel’s title still do not subside.

The material was prepared by Dilyara specifically for the site

As the classics said, "The great and mighty Russian language." And why is he so “powerful” and why is he “great”? You can give a bunch of arguments for the most extensive possibilities and the largest database of synonyms. How many analogues can you think of for the word "beautiful"? Without delving into the wilds and dictionaries, about 20, while in other dialects 5-7 will be typed from strength. You can give examples of subtlety and Slavic humor. Even such a thing as "sarcasm" in other languages ​​\u200b\u200bis not known. It is also possible to condemn and reject the Russian mat, but it is very difficult to change its role in our life. The same word, pronounced with different intonation, can mean completely dissimilar concepts, placing stress in a sentence can radically change the meaning of the phrase. And many terms over the past couple of centuries have radically changed their meaning, thanks to the mixing of adverbs, jargons and the popularization of foreign terms.

In the Russian Federation and about a dozen other states, Russian is the official state language, and over 250 million people around the world speak it to varying degrees. This is from official data, but in fact, almost every second person on earth knows at least a couple of expressions in Russian, and every tenth person can even link words into simple sentences.

The origin of the Old Russian language and its history

When it comes to the origin of the Russian language, scientists disagree, someone says that Sanskrit was at the origin, someone calls the Proto-Slavic dialect of the Indo-European group. There are practically no reliable sources left, only guesses and assumptions. By structure and common lexical features, it belongs to the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic group from the common branch of the Indo-European languages.

The first mention of Slavic letters dates back to the year of the appearance of writing, which was introduced into our lives by the famous Cyril and Methodius, namely 863. Thus, the Old Church Slavonic language appeared specifically in order to translate church books and scriptures. It was originally bookish and had little in common with the modern one, but its appearance gave rise to the development of literature and culture of our country. Church books gradually spread among the population and literary works began to appear on their basis. The first books were: "The Tale of Boris and Gleb" of the early 11th century, "The Tale of Bygone Years", dated 1113, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" 1185-1188 and many others.

And by the 16th century, the first rules for spelling and pronunciation appeared in Moscow, the so-called grammatical normalization of the language, and it was recognized as a national language in the territory of the Moscow kingdom. Over the next few centuries, it was modified, supplemented, absorbing words and concepts from other countries and dialects, taking on new forms and changing like a living organism in order to reach us in its “majesty” and “power”

Scientific facts about the Russian language

In addition to the proud statements of the Russian-speaking part of the globe about its power, there are indisputable facts confirmed by the Guinness Book of Records and other sources. Let's consider the main ones:

5th place in terms of prevalence among the world's population speaks of the wide geography of Russian communities in other countries and the popularity of the language among foreigners.

• Our language has generic forms of verbs that others do not. For example, "he went", "she went".
• At school, they study 6 basic cases of nouns, but in fact there are 10 of them.
• Almost any word in a speech can be replaced by a synonym without a strong loss of meaning.
• All the words beginning with the letter "F", used everywhere today, came to us from other countries.
• Foreigners cannot catch the difference between the pronunciation of words with "ъ" and without it. For them, the words "entrance" and "entrance" sound exactly the same. This is due to the peculiarities of the development of the auditory and speech apparatus during the period of socialization.
• “Swearing Russian” is not a turn of speech, but a special dialect in which you can explain a problem to a person and talk. No matter how paradoxical it sounds, but in no other language of the world there are so many abusive and meaningful words.

• Although the Japanese language is difficult to write, but in colloquial speech it comes in second place after Russian, it depends too much on intonation and wording in a sentence.
• Slavic and Russian literature is recognized as the most beautiful, verses sound melodious and harmonious. It is believed that the poets of our country would not be able to become famous in the world if their original works were in other languages.
• Due to the unpronounceability of some sounds, learning is a lot of difficulty for the Japanese, Chinese, Turks, and most blacks. In Japanese, for example, there is no “r” sound, so they are not physically able to pronounce it. Because of this, they do not hear the difference between the letters "r" and "l".

If you carefully study the history of the Russian language and its features, then such facts can be cited much more. Linguists and scientists are constantly finding interesting relationships between different words and concepts. Fun facts about the peculiarities of colloquial speech and mentality add up to stories and anecdotes told around the world.

Having undergone significant changes and infusions, the Russian language has come down to us in the modern world, and we can observe its metamorphoses every 5-10 years. This is due to the development of electronics and the computerization of the whole world, a change in worldview and beliefs, new trends in political or social reforms. Even 10 years ago, a copywriter was a writer, and bloggers and YouTubers were just taking their first steps in this area. At that time, gender reforms had not yet been carried out in many European countries and disagreements and new formations in speech and concepts did not appear. And social networks like Instagram did not exist. The speech of the modern generation directly depends on the change in the image, pace and rhythm of life in cities, the increase in the amount and volume of information received.

Phonetics and spelling

According to phonetic features, the Russian language belongs to the consonant type, which means the predominance of consonant phonemes over vowels by about 37 to 5. Depending on the combinations, consonant letters are pronounced differently. The graphic system is quite rational, there are 33 letters in the alphabet, and the unit of writing or reading is a syllable or a combination of letters. Spelling has signs of a phonemic type, that is, regardless of pronunciation, the spelling will be dictionary. As for grammar, the Russian language is classified as an inflectional, or synthetic, type. This means that the grammatical load goes mainly to the endings. All nouns are declined according to the main cases and differ greatly on the basis of "animate / inanimate".

The vocabulary of our everyday speech is full of synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, paronyms and other variants of the relationship of words in a sentence with each other. In addition, all concepts are conditionally divided into native and borrowed, which significantly increases the number of errors in their writing and use.

Many phrases eventually disappear from everyday speech (historicisms) or are replaced by concepts from another language or dialectical variants (archaisms). Thus, the overall picture and sound take on a completely different shape.

The sound of the Russian language allows us to call it very melodic. Features of songs and vocal art suggest a certain staging of words and sounds to create harmony. Russian, English and French are recognized as the most "convenient" for songwriting.

Funny Idioms and Spoonerisms

Any language is full of various jokes and idioms that are fully understood only by native speakers. Russian is no exception, where jokes and jokes are an integral part of folklore and everyday communication. No other country in the world has such a number of humorous programs and movements: KVN, Stand-Up, performances by comedians, humorous shows, comedies and much more. Many jokes and anecdotes are connected with the peculiarities of the mentality of Russian people and attempts to explain them to foreigners. A change in intonation, the addition of one letter, the rearrangement of words in places - and the text changes its original meaning dramatically. And adding obscene overtones is the basis for 90% of jokes in Russian.

Just as the composition of everyday words and phrases changes over the years and lifestyle, so humor is filled with new colors, absorbing the features of life, political and historical events, art and music.

Idioms, or untranslatable expressions, are inherent in any language of the world. Among the popular set expressions that cannot be explained to a foreigner, fully conveying its meaning:

• "Hands do not reach to see."
• "It is written with a pitchfork on the water."
• "Wedge with a wedge to knock out."
• "Pour from empty to empty."
• "Like hell from incense" and many others.

The same applies to Russian verbs, which have completely different meanings depending on the context. For example, the verb "sit", familiar to the Russian ear. And how to translate the phrases “a bird is sitting”, “a prisoner is sitting”, “a thought is sitting in the head” - the verb is the same, but the meaning is completely different in each phrase. You can also cite the example of the verb “goes”: when a person goes to work, everything is clear. When is it raining or is there a movie on? Or is it a second year? There are many such examples. That is why many visitors fall in love with the country and the language, absorb the oddities of the mentality and try to understand the Russian language, because learning it is not enough.

Spoonerisms are another direction in the humorous folklore of all languages ​​of the world, when words are partially changed by syllables and get a completely new meaning at the output:

• "Visitors are not awakened" from the original phrase "winners are not judged";
• "Armored scumbag";
• the famous "carriage respected dear"
• "The braid is tongued" and many others.

Most often they are born as a result of reservations, as it was at the dawn of the appearance of the term. The English teacher U.A. Spooner, who often got confused in words and gave out absolutely amazing phrases.

As a conclusion

Only a native speaker can fully understand the meaning of many expressions and explain them, even if a person has lived in the country for many years, he still cannot understand individual words. The words "anadys", "the other day", "hangover", "oblivion" and many others simply have no analogues among most languages. And attempts to explain them to a foreigner most likely will not lead to anything.

The richness of the Russian language lies not only in idioms and untranslatable turns of speech, but also in a variety of emotionally colored adjectives, interjections, and adverbs. In the difference in intonation when pronouncing the phrase (the famous “execution cannot be pardoned”), in the breadth of the Russian soul and the desire to characterize everything around in an ornate way. Synonyms for the word "man": "man", "man", "man" others often have nothing to do with the original version and are highly dependent on context and intonation.

The Russian language is truly rich both literary and emotionally. It provides an opportunity for self-expression through literature and art, writing books and poetry. And its development and filling with borrowed words allows you to expand your horizons and opportunities for creativity. And no matter how Russians talk about their country, politics and situation, everyone proudly speaks their own language and with pleasure emphasizes their belonging to the Russian speakers both at home and abroad.

The Russian language has a rich history, and it is not surprising that Russian words that we have long been accustomed to actually once meant something completely different or were borrowed from other languages, and today we can only be surprised how many interesting we don't know the facts about Russian yet.

The most interesting facts about the Russian language:

1. You will be surprised, but in Russian there are still words with the letter “Y”. These are geographical names (Ytyk-kyul, Ynakhsyt, Ylymakh, Ygyatta, Ynykchansky).

2. The word "negligence" did not come from the word "robe", as many used to think, but from the word "halad", cold. That is, negligent attitude means cold.

3. It's a funny fact that the word "doctor" was formed from the word "lie", but then this word had a slightly different meaning and meant "to speak, to know."

4. Different sources give different versions of the longest words in the Russian language. However, in fact, the length of a Russian word is theoretically not limited at all due to the fact that, for example, the prefix “great” exists in the language (great-great-great-grandfather, etc.) or due to the pronunciation of numerals (numbers merge into one word - “sixty-four years old”, etc. .d.). In addition, the names of chemical elements also have an almost limitless length ("methylpropenylenedihydroxycinnamenylacrylic" (44 letters) acid)

However, here are a few examples of the longest words formed without the artificial addition of roots and prefixes:

The Guinness Book of Records in 2003 recorded such a word as "highly contemplative" (35 letters). In various dictionaries, you can also find such words as: “private entrepreneurial” (25 letters) or water and mud peat paraffin treatment (29 letters), etc.

According to some versions, the words “misanthropy” and “high excellency” (24 letters each) are considered the longest noun.

The longest adjective according to the dictionaries is "unsatisfactory" (19 letters).

The longest interjection in the dictionary is “physical education hello” (14 letters).

5. There is a version according to which the word "friend" comes from the word "other, alien", that is, it once had an essentially opposite meaning. However, most likely, the word came from the Old Slavonic “drug”, one form or another of which is found not only in Russian (“Bulgarian friend, Serbo-Chorvian friend, Slovene drȗg, Czech, Slovak druh, other Polish drug And even in Lit. draũgas "companion, comrade", Latvian draugs.").

6. The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is the word "take out".

7. Once in the Russian language there were 49 letters, 5 of which were excluded by Cyril and Methodius, who did not find the sounds corresponding to them in the Greek language. Then Yaroslav the Wise, Peter I, Nicholas II in total reduced the Russian alphabet to 35 letters.

“Exactly this" – such a phrase is often repeated by lazy people who, at the first opportunity, will dump their duties on someone. In difficult situations, such people often avoid punishment by shifting responsibility to another.

“Actually” – word, again, uncertain. The peculiarity of these people is the ability to throw a scandal for any reason.

“Briefly speaking" – lot of nervous, always in a hurry people. Most often, "shorter" is found in the speech of quick-tempered choleric people.

“In fact" – say interlocutors who put their opinion first. They are ready to prove their case until they foam at the mouth. They like to read notations, consider their inner world bright and unique.

"So", "like" – used by people prone to aggression, as well as conservatives.

"Just" – often found in the conversation of a person dependent on the opinions of others. Such people like to look for problems from scratch, they are afraid of responsibility, they often make excuses..

“As if" – a word of teenagers and creative people who unconsciously emphasize the uncertainty in life.

Neither fish nor meat, [neither caftan, nor cassock].
They ate the dog, [choked on their tail].
Mind chamber, [yes the key is lost].
Two pair of boots, [both left].
Fool at least a stake, [he puts his two].
The hand washes the hand, [yes both itch].






If you chase two hares, you will not catch a single [boar].
Whoever remembers the old - to that eye out [and whoever forgets - both to him].


The young scold - amuse [and the old scold - rage].










My tongue is my enemy [before the mind prowls, seeks trouble].

The population of Russia speaks dialects. There are three of them in the country: the Central Russian dialect (Pskov, Tver, Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod regions), the northern dialect and the southern dialect.

44% of the country's settlements have duplicate names. Most of them are formed from personal names: Alexandrovka, Mikhailovka and Ivanovka.

The longest residence names in Russia are Staronizhesteblievskaya, Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo, and Starokozmodemyanovskoye.

46 settlements are called a word of 2 letters. For example, the village of Yb in the Komi Republic.

Most of the names begin with the letter "K". About 80,000 toponyms.

The most positive names of the villages can be recognized as the villages of Khokhotuy and Good Bees.

We develop the richness of speech

11 facts about letters

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There are currently 65 different alphabets in use around the world. The richest of them is Khmer, it has 72 letters, and the most economical is the alphabet of one of the languages ​​of Papua New Guinea, which needs 11 letters.

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The Phoenicians came up with the alphabet, and the Greeks came up with the idea of ​​introducing vowels into it. The last major improvement to the alphabet was made by Roman scribes in the 4th century AD: they separated uppercase and lowercase letters.

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The oldest letter is "O". It was still in the Phoenician alphabet about 3300 years ago and has not changed at all since then.

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The most common vowel sound in the languages ​​of the world is "A". There is no language that does not have such a sound. It exists even in Abkhazian, where there are only two vowels - “a” and “e”, and in Ubykh, where “a” is the only vowel.

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I am afraid that you will not find truly Russian words that would end with the sound "E": muffler and pince-nez are French words.

***
In Russian, the letter "Y" is never at the beginning of a word. But the Turks just adore her. Our word for “cupboard” in Turkey is “yshkaf”. Iraq is called "Yrak" in Turkey.

***
Also, oddly enough, the Russian language almost does not tolerate words that begin with a sound and the letter “a”. Take the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”: there are quite a few words starting with “a”, but almost every one indicates that this word came to us (often along with the subject it denotes) from another language.

***
We notice the same thing, however, in other languages. So, for example, in French there are almost no own words that would begin with the letters "x, y, z".

***
Linguists will tell you that in Russian there was a vowel sound, something between “e” and “i”, to designate it in writing there was the letter “Yat”. However, in the 19th century, not a single Russian could, with all his will, notice such a subtle difference by ear, and spelling turned into a nightmare for schoolchildren. In the end, "yat" was abolished.

***
Open the volume of Pushkin: in most of his poems you will not find the letter “F”, In “The Tale of the Priest”, and among the 30,000 letters of “Poltava” there are only three “f”. Looking through any good dictionary of the Russian language, you will find literally a dozen or two words with “f” in it, which are found only in Russian speech. Moreover, these will be the words “snort”, “fuck”, “falya”, “fufan” and “figly-migli”.

***
The letter "solid sign" or as it used to be called "er", now behaves quietly and meekly. But until recently, schoolchildren who were learning to read and write suffered terrible misfortunes from this letter. Until 1917, in the phrase "Then they wrote about a firm sign with anger and indignation .." 4 "era" would have to be put. In the 1897 edition of War and Peace, there are 54-55 solid characters per page. That's 70+ useless pages! If you count all the books, it turns out that in Tsarist Russia about eight and a half million pages were printed annually, covered from top to bottom only with hard signs.

10 facts about the Russian language

I would have learned Russian only because
That no one really knows him

Russian is the native language for 170 million people, the second language - for 114 million. The total number of carriers is about 300 million.

Russian is one of the five most translated languages ​​in the world.

Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages ​​and the most numerous language in Europe (both geographically and in terms of the number of native speakers).

Russian is an international space language: its study is mandatory for astronauts going to the International Space Station.

Russian is one of the working languages ​​of the UN.

The Russian language had two more names in addition to the modern one: Russian and Great Russian.

The Russian language has served as the basis for many mixed and derived languages.

Almost all Russian words that begin with the letter "a" are borrowed.

Almost all words of the Russian language with the letter "f" are also borrowed.

Many words that we often use in speech were invented by writers.

10 facts about words

"Express immortal things in mortal words."
Lucretius

The words bull and bee - single root. The fact is that in the works of ancient Russian literature the word bee was written as “bechela”. The alternation of vowels ъ / ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound U. If we recall the dialect verb to roar, buzz, buzz and is etymologically related to the words bee, insect and bull, it becomes clear what was the common meaning of these nouns - producing a certain sound.

The words rocket and racket etymologically unrelated. "Rocket" appeared in Russian under Peter I from German, and in German, in turn, from the Italian "rosshetta", which means "spindle". This is due to the fact that cracker rockets resembled a spindle in appearance. But the “racket” came from the French language, where it was borrowed from the Arabic “rāħat” - “palm”.

The words lock (in the meaning of the structure) and lock (in the meaning of the device) are homonyms in Russian not by chance. These words came to us through Polish and Czech by lexical tracing from German, where both “castle” and “castle” are pronounced the same - “Schloß”. The German word, in turn, is derived from the Latin "clūsa". This homonymy arose due to the fact that the castle in a key geographical point, as it were, "locks" the passage of enemy troops deep into its territory.

Word mediocre today it is mainly used in the sense of "talentless", having no talent. However, it is based on the Turkic word "talan", which means "happiness, prey". Thus, the word "untalented" in the original simply meant "unhappy" and initially had nothing to do with talent, and the modern meaning arose due to confusion and confusion with the word untalented .

In different sources, you can find different versions of the longest word in Russian. For example, in the Guinness Book of Records this word is - highly contemplative , and in the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences - water mud peat paraffin treatment .

The words souffle and prompter have little in common in meaning, but both come from the French "souffle" (exhalation, breath). The soufflé is so named because it is light and airy, and the prompter because it must prompt the actors very quietly.

Word umbrella appeared in Russian from Dutch in this form. Later, it was perceived by the people as a diminutive, and for large umbrellas they began to use the word umbrella .

There are words in Russian that start with "y". These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Ylymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kuyol .

Word a week , it turns out, is formed on the basis of the phrase do not do, and originally “week” meant “rest day”.

The only words in Russian with three letters "e" in a row are long-necked (and others on the neck, for example, crooked, short) and snake-eater .

The word "respectively" is both the longest preposition and the longest conjunction

The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize

The longest adjective with a hyphen is agricultural engineering

The longest hyphenated nouns are uprooter-bulldozer-loader and animate-inanimate

The longest noun without a hyphen is water and peat paraffin treatment

The longest adjective without a hyphen is electrophotosemiconductor

The longest word consists of 1913 letters (this is the name of a chemical compound). The Guinness Book of Records considers the longest Russian word "X-ray electrocardiographic". Between its first and last letters, typed in the tenth size, there are about 9 centimeters.

The longest name of the plant is Hidden bell (single-headed).

The longest abbreviation in Russia consists of 55 characters. NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKONOTDTEHSTROYMONT.
It stands for: "Research laboratory for concrete reinforcement operations and reinforced concrete work for the construction of precast-monolithic and monolithic structures of the technology department of the construction and installation department of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR"

The longest name of the institution in our country for a long time was: "Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Police, Medical Statistics, Episodic Diseases and Veterinary Police". Now the department is disbanded, the name has been changed.

Why are the days of the week called so?

Before understanding why the days of the week are called so, you must first understand that in the Old Slavonic language (and among many Slavic peoples to this day) the word "week" had a different meaning from the modern one. So they called the last day of the week (analogous to the modern week), a day off when they “didn’t do anything”. Hence, in fact, its name - "week"

Monday
Being the first day of the week, Monday retains in its name the Old Slavonic meaning of "week". This is the day that came after the week (Sunday) - on-week.

Tuesday
The word “second” is already clearly visible in the name of Tuesday, which is quite logical. The second day of the week or the second day after the week - both values ​​are equivalent and correct.

Wednesday
The name of the medium comes from the word "middle". Despite the apparent absurdity - after all, the "average" day of the week is the fourth, not the third - there is an explanation for this. The thing is that, according to religious customs, Sunday is considered the first day of the week (in many countries this tradition has been preserved to this day, remember at least America and England).

Thursday and Friday
And again, everything is clear - the name comes from the word "four", the fourth day of the week. The same applies to Friday, whose name comes from the word "five".

Saturday
The name of the Sabbath comes from the Hebrew word "sabbath" ("shabbat" - "peace", "rest from work"). Indeed, the Jewish religion has always considered the Sabbath as a day of rest.

Sunday
It is easy to guess that the name of the seventh day of the week is associated with a great event - the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. That is why with the introduction of Christianity, the old Russian name of the last day of the week was changed to "Sunday". And the word "week" has since been used only in a new meaning, replacing the old Russian week.

Interesting facts about letters in pictures

An interesting article about knowledge of the Russian language

Do you respect your native language? Read to the end!

The number of books read gradually translates into the quality of writing. Active readers discover by fifth grade that they don't need to know the rules in order to write correctly. The rest make their way through Russian grammar, cursing its confusion and inconsistency.

Grammar should be taught in school. Then it's too late.
What can you talk about with a person who, having a matriculation certificate in his hands, writes “try”, “theirs” and “girl”? Who is mistaken in "-tsya" and "-tsya"? What, besides blatant stupidity, prevents him, having written a verb, to mentally ask himself the question “what to do?” or "what does"?

At least until the writer clearly understands how a compound sentence differs from a complex one, a participle from an adjective, in which cases a comma is placed before “how”, why in some cases a colon should be used, and in others a dash.

By the way, the ellipsis instead of a comma is not the author's punctuation. For example: "I am sitting on the windowsill ... and I see ... that it is raining outside the window ... small and nasty ... as always in this city ...". This is an attempt by vanilla girls to pass off unsteady handling of punctuation as melancholy.

No, this is not snobbery, because language is not a thing, not a personal quality, not a property, and certainly not a way to rise above others.

Language is another means of understanding the world, like sight or hearing.

Why do people who would never dream of depriving themselves of sight deliberately deprive themselves of their language?
Where does this “why write correctly, we are not on the exam” come from?

Why, standing in front of the mirror in the morning, no one thinks “I’ll put on sweatpants, we’re not at a fashion show” or “I’m not going to brush my teeth, we’re not at a fresh breath contest”? ...
Why do people who do not think to deprive themselves of their hearing calmly say "gritting their hearts"? Where did they hear the beating of the heart?

It is absurd to justify "but I know physics, and you?".
Language is not a profession. This is a means of communication. For physicists, mathematicians, linguists, artists, miners, turners.
Perhaps the only reliable means of communication with the world.

126 rarest words of the Russian language

The list is strange in places, but still interesting

Multifora is the most common file for documents

Gap - threaten

Trash-blam (or halam-balam) - “This is not halam-balam for you!”

Kichkinka - baby, an appeal to a little girl - not an Uzbek, but not a Slav either. From Uzbek. "kichkintoy" - baby.

Yeh-ay-yay - Nizhny Novgorod exclamation of surprise

Kefirka is a girl trying to whiten her face with sour milk (you can see it by the spots of unevenly lightened skin, and they smear her face and neck, sometimes her hands. Ears look amazing at the same time

Dubai - a lady who came from earnings, engaged in prostitution. Or dressing "like Dubai" - bright, tasteless, with an abundance of rhinestones, gold and trinkets.

Oud - part of the body (shameful oud - what is usually called an obscene word).

A rag - a rag, a rag - dense lace

Chuni is a type of shoe. Often this is the name of the general footwear, which is used in order to go out at night for a small need.

Twitch - drink alcohol.

Katavasia - a tangle of everyday affairs or events.

Galimy (or golimy) - bad, low-quality, uninteresting

Yokarny Babai - exclamation (eprst, ezhkin cat, yo-mine, etc.), resentment at the current situation.

Skubut - shave, cut.

Drawer (shuffle) - a small drawer (in a desk, wardrobe, chest of drawers, etc.)

Fly - last summer.

Receipt - receipt, bill, ticket, small piece of paper.

Zanadto - too much, too much.

Mlyavasts, mlyavy - relaxation, unwillingness to do anything, fatigue.

To rip - to crack, to make a hole.

Kotsat - spoil.

Coward - to run in small steps.

Scabrous - vulgar

Pyohat, trudge - go slowly, do not keep up with anyone.

Bukhich is an alcoholic party.

Overdressed - very bright, vulgarly dressed.

Khabalka is a rude, uneducated woman.

Klusha - chicken woman (offend.)

To gasp - to hit.

The cant is a mistake.

Spinogryz is a mischievous child.

KargA - crow, old woman.

Runduk - porch.

Podlovka - attic.

Blue - eggplant.

Fisherman, catcher - fisherman.

To nail - to lose.

Kolgotitsya - pushing in the crowd.

Sardonic laughter - uncontrollable, convulsive, bilious, angry, caustic.

Lapidary - brevity, conciseness, expressiveness of the syllable, style.

Algolagnia - sexual satisfaction experienced: - when causing pain to a sexual partner (sadism); or - due to pain caused by a sexual partner (masochism).

Sublimation is a process in which attraction (LIBIDO) goes to a different goal, far from sexual satisfaction, and the energy of instincts is transformed into socially acceptable, morally approved.

Lyalichnaya, lyalichnaya - something very childish.

Buy - make purchases.

Transcendent - incomprehensible to human understanding

Eschatology - ideas about the end of the world.

An apologist is a Christian writer who defends Christianity from criticism.

Flute - a vertical groove on a column.

Anagoga is an allegorical explanation of biblical texts.

Lucullus - a feast.

Axelbows are those plastic things at the end of shoelaces.

Amikoshonstvo - unceremonious, inappropriately familiar address under the guise of a friendly one.

Honeymoon (honeymoon in English) - we believe that this is the first month of the newlyweds, but in English the word is divided into "honey" and "Moon". Most likely, the English word "honeymoon" implies that the ordinary Moon, which in the representation of Americans in the form of cheese, becomes honey.

A money-grubber is a self-serving person striving for profit. How many are around us

To bang (“he bangs”, “to get out”, “don’t get out”) - to bully, “to pull out”, to show off.

MorosYaka, pamorha (emphasis on the first syllable) - drizzling rain in warm weather and sun.

To sway (do not sway) - to excite something, to sway.

Vehotka, vehotka - sponge (rag, washcloth) for washing dishes, body, etc.

Obscene (noun. "obscene") - vulgar, shameless.

Silly - stupid.

Korchik, he is a scoop - a small saucepan with a long handle.

Pastik - a core for a fountain pen.

Pass on the ball - the same as for free.

To the top with a bang - upside down.

Kagalom - all together.

Wake up - mess around, not find a place before falling asleep in bed.

Kiss, kiss - kiss.

Trandychikha (tryndet) - a woman idle talker (to speak nonsense).

Nonsense - verbal nonsense.

Trichomudia - junk, husband. sexual organs.

Hezat - to defecate.

Bundel (bundul) - a large bottle, bottle

Gamanok - wallet.

Buza - mud, thick.

Shkandybat - trudge, go.

Walk - walk, run.

Zhirovka - invoice for payment.

Ayda - let's go, let's go (let's go to the store).

Exercise is an exercise. Exercise - do exercises, faire ses exercices

Figlyar is a jester, a swindler.

Fat - talker, braggart.

Skvalyga - stingy.

Yoksel-moksel - used with feeling in moments of complete chaos.

Chaos is a mess.

Chatterbox is a talker.

Mandibles are inept hands.

Rinda - turn.

Pols - the volume of a certain container.

Maza - small (from the Latvian Mazais).

Nonche - today.

Apotheosis - deification, glorification, exaltation of a person, event or phenomenon.

To scold - to scold someone.

Planter, mochilo - a small artificial pond near the garden.

To scold - to scold.

Epidersia - an accident, a surprise.

Perdimonocle is an illogical unexpected conclusion.

Adjust - adjust against.

Skimp - skip something.

Insinuation (from Latin insinuatio, literally - insinuation) - slander.

Hoarding = greed.

SabAn = stairs with a platform (used during wall painting or other construction work).

SamAn = dwelling made of reed bundles smeared with clay.

Sneeze - scold.

Checkbox - mark each matched item in the list with a checkmark.

Mihryutka is a nondescript, frail person.

Dradedam - cloth (dradedam - a type of cloth) (the word is found in classical Russian literature).

Expansion - expansion of boundaries, limits.

De facto - in fact, in fact.

De jure - legally, formally.

A cutter is a cut piece of a product (from life).

Loose - different books in one box at the acceptance in the store.

Perzhnya is nonsense, a trifle.

Checking is the same as jacking.

Herashka (vulg.) - something small and unpleasant, inorg. origin.

The navel is something small, pleasant (Nabokov).

Pomuchtel (chekist.) - Assistant for accounting for bodies.

Triticale (bot.) - a hybrid of wheat and rye.

Rampetka - butterfly net (Nabokov).

Shpak - any civilian (Kuprin).

Bilbock - a toy (to catch a ball on a string with a stick) (L. Tolstoy).

Bibabo - a hand puppet, like Obraztsov's.

Nadys - the other day, recently, spray, brag, brag.

Nache is better.

Igvazdat - dirty.

Mandibles are inept hands.

The center of the world

We often hear: "He considers himself the navel of the earth." Where did the expression "navel of the earth" come from?

It should be noted that each nation determines the location of the navel of the earth in its own way.

The ancient Greeks believed that the center of the human body is the navel. According to legend, the father of the gods Zeus wanted to know where, in this case, the navel of the earth is located. He launched eagles from two "ends of the world". Flying at the same speed, the birds collided in the sky over the place where the city of Delphi later arose. It was then that they began to consider the center of the world.

According to the Jews, for example, Palestine is in the center of the world, Jerusalem is in the center of Palestine, a temple is in Jerusalem, and in the temple is a stone, which is the navel of the earth. According to one version, the Lord closed a hole in the abyss of chaos for them.

And the inhabitants of Altai believe that the navel of the earth is somewhere in their mountains.

Names become words

The stories of the appearance of certain words in the languages ​​of the world are always interesting and entertaining. Particularly impressive are the words whose origin is associated with very real historical figures, whether they be writers, scientists, rich people or entrepreneurs who invented, rebelled, traveled, did charity work, in other words, did not leave the public indifferent, and therefore their names became common nouns.

Eponym words , as etymologists call them, are common, but we don’t think about their existence or simply don’t know.

Boycott – named after the British steward in Ireland, Charles Boycott (1832–1897), whose land the Irish refused to farm and began a campaign to isolate Boycott from local society.

Cardigan - was named in honor of General James Thomas Bradnell, the seventh head of the County of Cardigan, who is credited with the invention of this garment in order to warm the uniform uniform.

Chauvinism - Nicolas Chauvin, a semi-mythical French soldier, pathetically and vulgarly expressing in his speeches his love for France and for Napoleon Bonaparte in particular.

Whatman - high quality white thick paper got its name in honor of the English paper manufacturer James Whatman, who in the mid-1750s introduced a new paper form that made it possible to obtain sheets of paper without traces of a grid.

Breeches - the name of the trousers is given by the name of the French general Gaston Galifet (1830–1909), who introduced them for cavalrymen. Later, riding breeches were borrowed by other armies, and even later they entered men's and women's fashion.

Guppy - English priest and scientist Robert John Lemcher Guppy, who in 1886 made a report to members of the Royal Society, in which he spoke about fish that do not spawn, but give birth to live young. After that, he was laughed at.

Tolstoy - this popular type of clothing was named after the great Leo Tolstoy, although the writer himself wore a shirt of a slightly different cut.

The guillotine - the execution tool is named after the French doctor Joseph-Ignace Guyotin, who, although he did not invent it, in 1789 for the first time suggested cutting off heads using this mechanism, which was considered "more humane."

Tapestry - the word originated in France in the 17th century, when the royal tapestry manufactory was opened there, the products of which were very popular, and in some countries everything that was done using the tapestry weaving technique was called a tapestry.

Olivier - the famous salad got its name in honor of its creator, chef Lucien Olivier, who owned the Hermitage restaurant of Parisian cuisine in Moscow in the early 60s of the 19th century.

Begonia - named after the French nobleman Michel Begon (1638-1710), intendant of the French colonies in the Caribbean, who organized a scientific expedition to the Antilles to collect plants.

Masochism - the term comes from the name of the Austrian writer Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), in whose novels The Divorced Woman and Venus in Furs, despotic women mocked weak men.

Maecenas - the name comes from the name of the Roman Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, who was the patron of the arts under Emperor Augustus.

Lovelace - Sir Robert Lovelace is a character in Samuel Richardson's 1748 novel Clarissa, in which a handsome aristocrat subtly seduces the 16-year-old protagonist.

The saxophone is named after Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), a Belgian inventor of musical instruments. Sachs died in poverty because there was no jazz then.

Sandwich - named for John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792), London minister and gambler who is said to have invented it while playing cribbage. The game had been going on for several hours, and the minister did not find time to eat. John Montagu asked to be served food between two slices of bread. His fellow gamers liked this way of eating on the go and ordered sandwich bread too.

Silhouette - Etienne de Silhouette (1709–1767), being the general controller of finances in France under Louis XV, taxed external signs of wealth (doors and windows, farms, luxury goods, servants, profits). He stayed at his post for only 8 months. His name was associated with "cheap painting" - instead of an expensive portrait, it is cheaper and faster to circle the shadow of a person.

Mausoleum - a funerary structure named after the magnificent tomb of the Carian king Mausolus in the city of Halicarnassus in the territory of modern Turkey. Mansard - the word comes from the name of the French architect of the 17th century Mansard, who invented cheap attic space. Macintosh (cloak) is the name of a Scottish technologist who invented make the fabric waterproof by impregnating it with a rubber solution.

Secrets of the Russian language

Famous Phrases - Full Versions

Frequently used phrases and sayings, in which the second half is gradually “lost”. It is marked with brackets.

(found on the web)

Grandmother [guessed] said in two [either rain, or snow, or it will be, or not].

Poverty is not a vice [but twice as bad].

Lucky as a [Saturday] drowned man [there is no need to heat the bath].

A raven will not peck out a crow's eye [but it will peck out, but not pull it out].

It was smooth on paper [yes, they forgot about the ravines, but walk on them].

Goal like a falcon [and sharp like an axe].

Hunger is not an aunt [she won’t bring a pie].

The lip is not a fool [tongue is not a shovel].

Two pair of boots [yes, both left].

Girlish shame - to the threshold [crossed and forgot].

The work of the master is afraid [and another master of the work].

The road is a spoon for dinner [and there at least under the bench].

Fool at least a stake [he puts his two].

For a beaten man they give two unbeaten [but they don’t hurt, they take].

If you chase two hares, you won't catch a single [boar].

The hare's legs carry [the teeth of the wolf are fed, the tail of the fox is protected].

[And] business time, [and] fun hour.

A mosquito will not knock down a horse [until the bear helps].

Whoever remembers the old - to that eye out [and whoever forgets - both to him].

The hen pecks grain by grain [and the whole yard is in litter].

Dashing trouble is the beginning [there is a hole, there will be a tear].

The young scold - they amuse themselves [and the old men scold - they rage].

Don’t open your mouth at someone else’s loaf [get up early and start your own].

Not all cat Shrove Tuesday [there will be a post].

The woodpecker does not grieve that it cannot sing [and so the whole forest hears it].

A new broom sweeps in a new way [and when it breaks, it lies under the bench].

Alone in the field is not a warrior [but a traveler].

Horses die from work [and people get stronger].

A stick with two ends [hitting here and there].

Repetition is the mother of learning [the consolation of fools].

Repetition is the mother of learning [and a refuge for lazy people].

The drunken sea is knee-deep [and the puddle is up to the ears].

Dust in a column, smoke in a yoke [and the hut is not heated, not swept].

Grow big, [yes] don't be noodles [reach a verst, but don't be simple].

The fisherman sees the fisherman from afar [therefore he bypasses the side].

If you get along with a bee, you will get a honey [if you contact a beetle, you will find yourself in manure].

Seven troubles - one answer [the eighth trouble - nowhere at all].

The dog is in the hay [lies, does not eat and does not give to cattle].

The old horse will not spoil the furrow [and will not plow deep].

You go quieter - you will be farther [from the place where you are going].

Fear has big eyes [but they don't see anything].

Uma chamber [yes the key is lost].

Bread on the table - and the table is a throne [but not a piece of bread - and the table is a board].

Miracles in the sieve [there are many holes, but there is nowhere to jump out].

It is sewn-covered [and the knot is here].

My tongue is my enemy [before the mind prowls, seeks trouble].

Common brands - 1

Toilet

Many mistakenly believe that the familiar word "toilet" is an abbreviation for "universal basin". In Soviet times, toilet bowls were supplied by Unitas (“Unity”), hence the name. The Spanish company "Unitas" has been producing toilet bowls since 1909, including those supplied to Russia. This fact is mentioned in Ushakov's dictionary.

sneakers

The word "sneakers" comes from the American shoe company "Keds", founded in 1916. Lightweight sports shoes, created at first only for sports, soon became everyday shoes for many people. The authors of the name "Sneakers" almost called them "Peds", but changed their minds in time.

hair dryer

Initially, these products for drying and styling hair were produced only by FOEN. The first specialized hair dryer, the progenitor of modern hair dryers, appeared in 1900 in Germany. Included in many languages, the name "foehn" is associated with the registered German mark Foen, and the word itself, "foehn", means a warm alpine wind.

Xerox

Electrographic copier. Xerox devices (pronounced in English as “ZIREX”) dominated the market at one time, displacing other copying technologies, and therefore its trademark has become a household name for a whole class of devices. The word xerox entered the Russian language in the 70s, when the first copiers of the Xerox company appeared in the USSR. Xerox succeeded in eradicating the common word "xerox" from the English language, replacing it with photocopier/photocopy. In Russia, the company is trying to pursue a similar policy under the slogan: “Xerox is Xerox. Xerox is not only a copier. There is, perhaps, the only country in the world where the copier is called not a copier, but a canon (Canon). This country, oddly enough, is Mongolia.

Jeep

Jeep is a term used in many countries for off-road vehicles. In recent years, Chrysler has insisted on the term SUV, despite the fact that the word "jeep" was originally a household word in English (slang formed from the abbreviation GP - general purpose, "general purpose") The word is formed from the abbreviation JP (Jay- Pi) in the name of the car "Willys JP", produced by the company "Willis" during the Second World War.

Diapers

Trademark of Procter & Gamble. Disposable diapers with desiccant. "Pampers" refers to all diapers, not just products from P&G. Currently, the brand has replaced the word "diaper", it has become of little use.

Petrolatum

An oil refinery product used in cosmetics. Vaseline is a trademark of cosmetics firm Unilever (formerly owned by the inventors of Chesebrough-Ponds Vaseline).

Aspirin

Acetylsalicylic acid (an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic medicine). Bayer trademark.

Jacuzzi

Hydromassage bath. The name comes from the North American firm Jacuzzi Inc., which organized mass production. The company was founded in 1917 by an immigrant from Italy, by the name of Jacuzzi. It still exists.

Scotch

The word is derived from the English Scotch tape - "Scotch tape" - a trademark of rolled adhesive tape of 3M Corporation. Formally, only 3M tapes can be called adhesive tape, since Scotch is a brand of this company. But in modern Russian, the word has become a household word and now in Russian-speaking countries this is the name of any type of adhesive tape.

Adhesive plaster

Medical plaster for fixing bandages. From 1921 to 2003 the trademark was owned by Beiersdorf AG, and since 2003 by BSN medical GmbH.

Eskimo

Creamy ice cream on a stick covered with chocolate icing. Invented in the first half of the 1920s.

Scuba

Lightweight underwater breathing apparatus. The Aqua-Lung trademark is now owned by the U.S. Divers.

Cologne

From the French brand "Eau de Cologne", literally: Cologne water. Perfumes for men. It is a trademark owned by the heirs of Johann Farina.

Dictaphone

Speech recording device. Dictaphone has changed hands many times in its history and is now part of Nuance Communications.

Diplomat

Small hard case.

Cognac

A strong alcoholic drink brandy produced in the city of Cognac in France, later all brandy in the USSR began to be called cognac.

Gramophone

Portable compact gramophone by Pate. Accordingly, the gramophone records for it bore the official name "Pate disc".