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There is no doubt that the desire to dazzle Russian speech with foreign words needlessly, without sufficient reason, is contrary to common sense and common taste: but it harms not the Russian language and not Russian literature, but only those who are obsessed with it.
***
To use a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means to insult both common sense and common taste.
Belinsky V. G.
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The mixture of Nizhny Novgorod with French was hateful to me by nature ...
Dahl V.
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... the Slavic-Russian language, according to the testimony of foreign estheticians themselves, is not inferior either in courage to Latin or in smoothness to Greek, surpassing all European ones.
Derzhavin G.
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New words of foreign origin are introduced into the Russian press incessantly and often quite unnecessarily, and—what is most insulting of all—these harmful exercises are practiced in those very organs where the Russian nationality and its peculiarities are most ardently advocated.
Leskov N. S.
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Treasures of the native word, -
Important minds will notice -
For someone else's babble
We blatantly neglected.
We love
Muses of other people's toys,
Alien dialects rattles,
We don't read our own books...
Pushkin A. S.
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Suddenly you start to be very jealous of the Russian word. You limit foreign words, you try to use only Russian-indigenous ones. Why? I attribute this to this reason. Each word in relation to another lays down like a brick in a house. Remove a few bricks and the house will collapse, fall apart. Words inherently seek to express the whole. And if you collect all the words of the language, then they express it, this whole. Words, by their very nature, tend to express this whole. And the writer only needs not to argue with them in their striving, but to obey humbly. Words are like the structure of a stone. Foreign words do not create this whole (until the people accept them), but destroy it. Every word has a secret dream to express the whole. Therefore, they seek each other. They seem to have a memory of the past, when they were together and then parted. Words with the same root, assimilated, born by the people, bring us closer to this whole, non-root words move them away. That is why they are antilingual. The more words learned by the people, the closer to the truth. The foreign word slows down this path.
The higher the writer, the more familiar he is with the elephant. The highest feet: the sun, the sky, manure, porch, chernyak, trough, hay, tram, plane. What more accurate earthly words are there besides them? The more conventional the word, the weaker it is. But even here there are many beautiful words: spirit, evil, beauty, mercy, faith. The word, like a person, he must have a clan, family, children, grandchildren, ancestors and descendants, brothers, sisters, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, brother-in-law, wives, husbands, nephews, father, mother, grandfather, great-grandfather, godfather. The larger this genus, the stronger the word. Module is a good word, but does it have many relatives in Russian? Words live by birth, by birth. Sometimes the memory of the ancestors dies. But the spirit of the word is baked, and it lives. And Dahl was right, collecting words in nests.
Sumarokov A.
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Why should we introduce other people's words when we ... can pronounce our own from the original words.
The perception of other people's words, and especially without necessity, is not an enrichment, but a deterioration of the language.
"Forever do not disdain the paternal language,
And do not introduce into it someone else's nothing,
But adorn yourself with your own beauty. "
Sumarokov A.
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No matter how you say it, the native language will always remain native. When you want to speak to your heart’s content, not a single French word comes into your head, but if you want to shine, then it’s another matter.
Tolstoy L.
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Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and deep that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.
Turgenev I. S.
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In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking badly should be considered the same indecency as not being able to read and write, and in the matter of education and upbringing, the teaching of eloquence should be considered inevitable.
Chekhov A.P.
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Not for this, our people, together with the geniuses of the Russian word - from Pushkin to Chekhov and Gorky - created for us and our descendants a rich, free and strong language, striking with its sophisticated, flexible, infinitely diverse forms, not for this we have been left a gift of this greatest treasure of our national culture, so that we, with contempt, having abandoned it, reduced our speech to a few dozen stamped phrases.
Chukovsky K.I.
Keep your language clean. like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible. that we have nothing to take from those. who are poorer than us. I.S. Turgenev.Lyceum? College? Yes, how so?
School. techie. University. Is it BAD?
They are especially enraged: - "prolong" and "monitor". Would kill. Merchandiser - stacker (layout) on the shelves. And cleaning is cleaning. A menager, he is a menager in Africa. And fak yu, somehow miserable. Whether business, went f*ck. What strength!
Particularly annoying - good ivning, respected TV viewers, watchers and lookers. We begin the evening news broadcasting. In the beginning - a short briefing of the main today's events. The participation of Russian khaki players in the championship "Golden Scheiben" was crowned with our victory. The score of the final game is thr-and one.
The so-called elite sins by distorting the Russian language (that is, those who themselves have appointed themselves this elite). It is they who sleep and in their dreams they see themselves as foreigners living outside of Russia. Only now they are fed at the expense of the people of Russia they hate.
The words they use are absolutely unmotivated and meaningless, and are used on the basis of imitation of everything Western. To understand the meaning of modern words, one must either have special knowledge corresponding to a particular professional area, or constantly run through dictionaries of foreign words.
I, like L. N. Tolstoy, believe that to deal with the language somehow means to think somehow: inaccurately, approximately incorrectly.
Of course, it is impossible to completely cancel the borrowing of words from other languages, as one of the main ways to replenish the lexicon. In our time, borrowed vocabulary is very popular and often used.
On the one hand, it is good that the Russian language is replenished, and on the other hand, as a result of this, native Russian words, useful, good, are forgotten, and therefore the process of borrowing must be controlled.
The main reason for borrowing foreign vocabulary is the lack of a corresponding concept, the emergence of new words denoting phenomena that were previously present in the life of society, but did not have an appropriate designation.
Everything else is just foreign words. Most of the new words appeared with the development of science, technology, culture, economics. New words appear in different ways: some are created on the model of words already available in the language (car shop, cinema panorama, etc.), others are completely borrowed.
The development of foreign words by the Russian language in different eras reflects the history of our people. Economic, political, cultural contacts with other countries, military clashes left their mark on the development of the language. All borrowings can be divided into two groups: justified and unjustified.
Justified borrowing. This is a borrowing that means in a language a concept that did not previously exist in this language. Basically, justified borrowings are found in medicine, science and technology.
Unjustified borrowings. An unjustified borrowing is a word that is introduced into a language from a foreign language as a synonym for a concept, despite the fact that Russian words that define this concept are already available.
The Russian language must preserve and retain its "core", abandoning some useless and unnecessary foreign words.
Quotes about the Russian language
There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world. - V. Belinsky
“To use a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means to insult both common sense and common taste” - V.G. Belinsky (1811-1848) - writer, publicist
There is no doubt that the desire to dazzle Russian speech with foreign words without need, without sufficient reason, is contrary to common sense and common taste; but it harms not the Russian language and not Russian literature, but only those who are obsessed with it. - V. Belinsky
We spoil the Russian language. We use foreign words unnecessarily. We use them incorrectly. Why say "defects" when you can say shortcomings, or shortcomings, or gaps? .. Isn't it time for us to declare war on the use of foreign words without need? - Lenin ("On the purification of the Russian language")
I do not consider foreign words good and suitable, if only they can be replaced by purely Russian or more Russified ones. We must protect our rich and beautiful language from corruption. - N. Leskov
“Take care of the purity of the language as a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us” - I.S. Turgenev
“New words of foreign origin are introduced into the Russian press continuously and often completely unnecessarily, and - what is most offensive - these harmful exercises are practiced in those very bodies where Russian nationality and its characteristics are most ardently advocated” - N.S. Leskov (1831-1895) - writer
Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.
I.S. Turgenev
The perception of other people's words, and especially without necessity, is not an enrichment, but a deterioration of the language.
A.P. Sumarokov
I do not consider foreign words good and suitable, if only they can be replaced by purely Russian or more Russified ones. We must protect our rich and beautiful language from corruption.
N.S. Leskov
To use a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means to insult both common sense and common taste.
V.G. Belinsky
By the attitude of each person to his language, one can absolutely accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also his civic value.
K.G. Paustovsky
Each foreign word introduced into use not only takes away from our Russian mind the freedom and ability to spread and strengthen our native language, but leads it to powerlessness and impoverishment.
I.S. Turgenev
In addition to polluting the language with foreign words, which is especially sinful for our powers that be - it seems to them that they will seem smarter by using all sorts of foreign abstruse words, there is another problem - the primitivization of the language and the corresponding primitivization of thought. Often, not only children but also their parents use some very primitive one instead of a huge number of Russian words (some of which are shown on the poster). They either have everything cool, or cool or cool ... After reading the poster hanging in our school, most of the parents say: Cool!
Is this not powerlessness and impoverishment of language and thought!?
Reviews
Thank you, Andrei, for your position on the protection of the Russian language! I began to notice myself that when I was constructing phrases with my consciousness, I was already following what kind of words I would now pronounce. If I come across a borrowing, then I stumble until the right native word is selected. And I have become so meticulous in this lesson that I already check the speech of others. With a smile, I remember how recently a TV presenter, uttering some phrase, stumbled and ... replaced a normal Russian word with a borrowing! This is how!?
Nothing, Captain. This is not just my desire to preserve the beauty of the language, but to preserve or even restore the system of thinking, Russian people cannot think in borrowed words, they become zombies pronouncing words from the program embedded in it (pronunciation of trendy words). Borrowed words most often have a meaning, but the opposite of ours, and we put it into context as ours. It comes from ancient Rome and the Latin language. Rome is the World, but read the other way around. The world is a society, therefore the world and death is red. Society is the opposite of Russian society, Maine is the opposite of man, and so on. Only knowing the meanings of our words and the meanings of these borrowings can they be used in speech, and mean in thoughts. And lastly, borrowings are words that do not make sense for us, because they do not have a root that carries this meaning, learning to use them, we learn, or rather, we learned not to understand the meanings of the roots in our words - but to mean dumb to a large extent. Here are examples. We take out the bucket of garbage in the trash. Why!? Not because there is nowhere else, but because we don’t understand the meaning of the word garbage dump - and the garbage dump was always taken out only by slops, water from washing, dishes, hands, floors ... They are stitching and who has the right in such a matter !? The director, the police, the prosecutor, or who else!? If we thought in Russian, then it is absolutely clear that only those who are right have the right, and the one who speaks the Truth and fights for the truth is right, and the one who is for the truth is always fair ... These concepts are of the same root and none without the other cannot exist. And they instilled in us that the right has something to allow someone to write it down on a piece of paper called a law or a system of law, and they write and control the execution - the most vile and unfair people. A judge is a person capable of judging, reasoning, and that means thinking fairly, but they made us a profession. We had an appeal, sir, madam - this is just a person capable of judging, and the Sovereign is the most respected and with such an ability. And with the growth of this ability, kindness, the light of the soul, also grows - hence your lordship. This appeal is not connected with the position, not with the position! And a judge cannot be a profession, just like a priest, a preacher cannot preach for money - this is a mockery of common sense. Well, in general, I am glad that my note in some way prompted you in this issue, useful for our long-suffering society.
Sincerely,
I would like to clarify one more question for myself. Concerning the spelling of the prefix "bes" / "without". We need to find an obvious example showing that "without" is more correct. Of course, you can mechanically use this prefix instead of "demon", but still ... From a superficial opinion, one can hear that both options are equivalent. And there is no evidence to back this up. I tried to find suitable convincing explanations. Here's what I got. You need to take not a prefix, but a preposition and choose a few speech examples. Here, for example, "without fools", "without any doubt". It is obvious that in these cases it is impossible to use "bes", "beso". What do you think?
Correct position! The Russian language must be protected! But if we talk about the purity of the language, then it would not hurt to worry about grammar. Because the word "powerlessness" is written through "s", and not through "z". Elementary. This error is striking and spoils the impression of a very good material.
If the topic is raised correctly, then, in my opinion, Sergey's impression cannot be spoiled by mistakes. Another thing is the impression about the author. Well, let's say, a little illiterate about the rules of grammar. However, this does not interfere with thinking in Russian, while there are those who are literate regarding the rules of grammar about not being able to think in Russian ... For example, ask these literate people how the mind differs from the mind and you will once understand that knowing the rules of grammar will not help them, it will be clear that they do not know the basics of the Russian language. In addition, can you explain the meaning of the word POWERFUL, even if not to me, but for example, to a first grader ... This is not the power of a demon by any chance? It will be quite difficult for you, my friend, to explain to the children the meaning of this word, besides, you will have to remember and tell that the rule, for the violation of which you poked me with your nose, was introduced quite a long time ago and by people not quite Russian. It was right after the revolution. In December 1917, the new government issues a decree "On the introduction of a new spelling." Among the numerous changes is the introduction (since January 1, 1918) of a new rule for writing words with a prefix without ... There was nothing else to do at such a difficult moment!? So this reform was very important for this non-Russian who seized power in Russia, extremely important! Those rules that you advocate out of ignorance are weaning Russian people from thinking in Russian, in fact, they have already weaned them off ... With the new spelling, a new word powerlessness arises, the meaning of which is not at all clear and this word replaces the word powerlessness, meaning lack of power. Note that if it weren’t for the reform, then the meaning of the word powerlessness would not need to be explained to children and adults ... Russian linguists objected to this reform, but where is it ... Therefore, I always write words with the prefix WITHOUT according to the old rules, this is a principled position!
Thanks for your response,
Russian language.
How much is written on it.
What priceless works were written by Russian writers and poets.
See their thoughts on our Great Language.
Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us. -
I. Turgenev
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language - this is a treasure, this is a property handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty weapon with respect. AND. I. Turgenev
Any material - and especially language - requires a careful selection of all the best that is in it - a clear, precise, colorful, sonorous and further loving development of this best.
M. Gorky
Language is the age-old labor of the people. V. Dahl.
Language grows with culture.
Tolstoy A.N.
The richness of language is the richness of thoughts.
Karamzin N. M.
It can be said with certainty that a person who speaks a good language, a pure, good, rich language, thinks richer than a person who speaks a bad language and a poor language.
Tolstoy A.N.
If a person's language is sluggish, heavy, confused, powerless, indefinite, uneducated, then this is probably the mind of this person, because he thinks only through the medium of language.
Herder I.
Language is an instrument of thinking... To deal with language somehow means to think somehow: inaccurately, approximately, incorrectly.
Tolstoy A.N.
“There is no word that would be so bold, brisk, so bursting out from under the very heart, so seething and vibrant, like the aptly spoken Russian word.”
N.V. Gogol
The word was given to people only to bless, give thanks, unite in justice, wisdom, love. The Word was given to people not to weaken or destroy (humiliate) others. His role is to support the fallen and lift the fallen, to give light to those who wander in the dark, to show the way to those who are lost on the way.
(O.M. Aivankhov. Golden rules of daily life)
"... The main character of our language lies in the extreme ease with which everything is expressed in it - abstract thoughts, inner lyrical feelings, sparkling prank and amazing passion."
A. Herzen
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev
“Indeed, the Slavs long before Christ and the Slavic-Russians actually had a letter before Vladimir, in which many ancient writers testify to us, and, firstly, that in general it is told about all the Slavs.”
"Russian History"
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov
“I noticed here that Mr. Miller missed the best opportunity for the praise of the Slavic people. For as it is known that the Scythians of Darius the Persian king, Philip and Alexander of the Macedonian kings, and the Romans themselves were not afraid, but they repaired great rebuffs and won victories over them, therefore it can be easily concluded that the Slavic people were very brave, who overcame the courageous Scythians and drove him out of the vast villages, which he could not have done without great battles and noble victories. It is true that Mr. Miller says: your great-grandfathers from glorious deeds were called Slavs; but in his entire dissertation he tries to show the contrary, for on almost every page the Russians are beaten, robbed safely, the Scandinavians win, ruin, exterminate with fire and sword; The Huns of Kiy take with them to the war into captivity. This is so wonderful that if Mr. Miller knew how to portray it with a lively calm, he would make Russia such a poor people, which is not represented by any other writer and even the meanest people.
4. The second of the main parts of this dissertation writes about the Slavic people, whom Mr. Miller delivers to these places very late, which is contrary to the Slavic names of the ancient Russian cities, so if the Slavs came to these lands in the 4th century, then these cities should have been to have Slavic names before the arrival of the Slavs in these places, which by no means can be. That the Slavic people were in the current Russian borders even before the birth of Christ, it can be undeniably proved.
5. Mr. Miller does not honor the Varangians as the Slavic people, however, that they descended from the Roksolyans, the Slavic people, and went with the Gotfs, the Slavs, from the Black Sea to the shores of the Baltic; that they spoke the language of Slavensky, somewhat corrupted from the connection with the old Gemantsy, and that Rurik and his brothers were a relative of the princes of Slavensky, and for this reason they were called to Russia for possession, all this can be concluded from this dissertation itself, but from other grounds it is quite enough to prove.
6. ... “And the Russian translation, which he for the most part forwarded in his own way, is full of unbearable errors, which clearly show that he is not such a great connoisseur of the Russian language that he could correct natural Russians, as he boasted about himself in a puffy his, however, refuted, preface to the Siberian History, which, in my opinion, has almost as many shortcomings as a real dissertation.
"Remarks and objections to the speech of Academician Miller "The Origin of the Russian People and Name""
Egor Ivanovich Klassen
“... Russian history began from a period when Russia represented a huge link, a strong people that had already settled several hundred thousand square miles; rich in commerce and industry, and divided into two main states, besides a few smaller ones...
There is no longer a mythological person, set by the ancestor of the people; there are no fabulous giants with magical weapons; there is no she-wolf - educator, Jupiter or Pluto, or any amphibious monster, is not put in the forefathers. “The thread of Russian history begins from the period when Russia is already a huge political body, testifying in its vastness and in its discord that it existed many centuries before this period.”
"Ancient history of the Slavs and Slavic-Russians"
“Indeed, the Slavs-Russians, as a people previously educated by the Romans and Greeks, left many monuments in all parts of the Old World, testifying to their stay there and to their ancient writing, arts and education. Monuments will remain forever indisputable evidence; they tell us about the actions of our ancestors in the language that is native to us, which is the prototype of all Slavic dialects, merging in it, as in their common source.
"New materials for the ancient history of the Slavs in general and the Slavic-Russians before the Rurik period in particular
ABOUT RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
“Language is the history of the people. Language is the way of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.
A. Kuprin
“To use a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means to insult both common sense and common taste.”
V. Belinsky
“In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But it is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”
I. Turgenev
“New words of foreign origin are introduced into the Russian press incessantly and often completely unnecessarily, and - what is most offensive - these harmful exercises are practiced in those very bodies where the Russian nationality and its features are most ardently advocated.”
N. Leskov
“Before you, the bulk is the Russian language!”.
N. Gogol
"Russian language! For thousands of years this flexible, magnificent, inexhaustibly rich, intelligent poetic people has been creating ... an instrument of their social life, their thoughts, their feelings, their hopes, their anger, their great future ... The people weaved an invisible web of the Russian language with wondrous ligature: bright as a rainbow after the spring rain , as accurate as arrows, sincere as a song over a cradle, melodious ... The dense world, on which he threw the magic net of the word, submitted to him like a brimmed horse.
A. Tolstoy
"The beauty of our heavenly language will never be trampled on by cattle."
M. Lomonosov
"A person's morality is seen in his attitude to the word."
L. Tolstoy
"Language is the confession of the people, His soul and way of life."
P. Vyazemsky
“The greatest wealth of a people is its language! For thousands of years, countless treasures of human thought and experience have accumulated and live forever in the word.
M. Sholokhov
"The language of the people is the best, never fading and ever-re-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life."
K. Ushinsky
“Take care of the purity of the language as a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.”
“Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, it is a property handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty weapon with respect; in the hands of the skilful, it is able to perform miracles.
I. Turgenev
Russian classic I.S. Turgenev owns the words: “Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.” Many will agree that these words are appropriate at the present time. The wealth of the Russian language has not disappeared, but sometimes there is a feeling that the key to the treasury where it is kept is lost. Over the past 20 years, many foreign words have appeared in the Russian language (manager, merchandiser, reception). Of course, such words hurt the ear and it becomes a little insulting why we Russians could not find suitable words in our language to designate, for example, the position of a manager or a distributor? But perhaps there is no cause for alarm, as such? The Russian language even before included foreign words. During the Tatar-Mongol invasion, 12-14 centuries, the Russians adopted from the Horde tribes elements of clothing, household items, in part, the manner of managing society and, as a result, words of Tatar origin entered the Russian language (armyak, caftan, cap, chest, barn, tavern, fist, kat, treasury). But the Russian language did not merge with other (Turkic) languages, was not absorbed by them. Some foreign words did not take root, others changed and became native, ours. Now rarely does anyone think that such familiar words as a fist, a tavern are not originally Russian. Having successfully passed the test of the East, the Russian language in the 18-19 centuries. again subjected to significant influence from the European side. It all started with Peter I, who introduced everything European into fashion and ordered to learn from Europe the mind. It is immediately remembered that in the nobility it was customary to communicate with each other in French. Some representatives of high society knew almost no Russian. The tutors invited to raise noble children were mostly French, and spoke exclusively in French with their wards. This was no longer the penetration of individual foreign words into the Russian language, but a real expansion. If French was in use in secular conversations, in conversations about cultural phenomena, cooking, then German was widely used in scientific circles. And what? This difficult time for the Russian language gave us the geniuses of Russian literature Pushkin (by the way, he widely used foreign words in his works - bolívar, dandy, antrasha), Gogol, Dostoevsky, Turgenev. The 19th century will be called the Golden Age of Russian culture. Again, the Russian language passed the test with honor, becoming even stronger and richer. Something similar is happening with our language now. This time English-language words, mostly of American origin, poured into Russian. In Soviet times, the economy, as you know, was tightly controlled by the state, all institutions were state-owned, but the Soviet Union collapsed in the country, business began to develop at a rapid pace (mainly according to the American model) and immediately acquired numerous American words. Not all of them adorn the Russian language, but I would like to believe they will not inflict a threat to it. The word merchandiser is unlikely to take root in our language, and the word manager has already become familiar to the ear, its own and is used in various phrases (sales manager, personnel manager). It turns out that there is no threat to the Russian language in the use of foreign words? As long as the people are alive, there is national identity and the language will live. Only for some reason it becomes a shame for native literature when I call the mayor a city manager, a money transfer is a tranche, and a cleaning agency is a cleaning company. I would like to exclaim do not use thoughtlessly foreign words! Let's protect the purity of the Russian language!
