What area is occupied by the plains of the Far East. Relief of the Far East

The territory of the Far East zonal belongs to the area of late Cenozoic folding and is part of the Pacific belt. The Russian Pacific coast is part of two converging continental plates - Asian and American. The plate contact zone is defined by the characteristic "depression" of the ocean floor.

Typical signs of oncoming plate movement and crustal activity are deep depressions and noticeable mountain building processes accompanied by earthquakes and volcanic activity. In fact, geosynclines, active zones of the earth's crust, form a contracting ring around the Pacific Ocean.

Scientists confirm the fact that the total area of the ocean is shrinking, a clear evidence of this is the so-called Pacific belt of volcanoes - a chain of high mountain ranges. The rise of the ocean floor is also characteristic of the Russian territory of the Far East. A sign of the geological youth of the region and tectonic activity is a high concentration of active and dormant volcanoes.

The Kamchatka Peninsula is known for 29 active volcanoes, while their total number in the region is about 180 units. Another evidence of activity is the Kuril Islands, built by a chain of volcanoes, in addition, a deep (9.7 km) Kuril-Kamchatsky Trench is found near the islands. Most scientists are sure that such trenches can be considered the entry point of the oceanic crust under the continental one.

The northern part of the Far East is considered to be older, having a more complex geological and tectonic structure than in the Kuril and Kamchatka zones, which are characterized by high mobility and seismological activity, which are characteristic of modern geosynclines.

Among the elements of the mainland Far East there are:

marginal massifs;
folding systems;
Structured platform series.

The marginal part, located in the southeast of the region under consideration, is notable for the presence of narrow deep-water basins, which pass in the zone of the junction of the oceanic and continental crust. Geologist L.I. Red, depending on the location, highlights a group of megablocks and their constituent elements:

Sea of Okhotsk - Koni-Taigonossky belt of volcanoes, Kuril-Kamchatka arc (islands), Sea of Okhotsk depression (southern) and massif, East-Skhalinsk and Hokaido-Sakhalinsk folded systems;
Kolyma - Okhotsk and Omolon massifs, Okhotsk-Chukotka volcano belt, South Anyui and Verkhoyansk-Chukotka folding areas;
Aldan-Stanovoy - Southeastern segment of the vast Siberian plate, the rising Aldan-Stanovoi shield with characteristic crystalline complexes indicating the ancient age of formation;
Bering Sea - adjacent parts of the geosynclinal-folded Koryak system (south), the Kuril-Kamchatka arc (north) and the Aleutian-Alaska system (west);
Amur - Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt and fold system, Khanka and Bureya massifs of intergeosynclinal type, Amur-Okhotsk fold system.

Relief of the Far East

The predominant type of relief in the Far East is mountainous, this is due to the peculiarities of the tectonic structure. The dominance of highlands determines the secondary importance of the plains and their coastal and intermountain localization. The largest plains are located within: the Central Kamchatka depression, the Anadyr and Penzhina lowlands, the Parapolsky valley.

The predominant number of ridges located in the north of the Far East are characterized as horst massifs and anticlinal uplifts. Synclinal troughs are found in depression zones. The Chukchi Ranges are composed of Verkhoyansk rocks and are of Mesozoic folding age.

In the localized area of the Okhotsk-Chukotka belt of volcanoes, ridges protruding on the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, the south of the Chukotka highlands, the western part of the Anadyr-Penzhinsky depression and the ridges of the Anadyr plateau were formed. These elements have a diverse structure and are composed of structures of different ages, including Quaternary, Paleogene, and Upper Cretaceous.

They are present in the area of the structure of the Cenozoic period. The folded zone of this time includes: the Kuriles, Kamchatka, the Koryak Highlands. A characteristic feature of all the mentioned elements is their localization in a zone of high volcanic activity and a young geosyncline. The highest point of the region is located at an altitude of 4.75 km - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the average height of the mountain peaks is 2-3 km.

In addition to tectonic processes, rivers, the ocean and climate took an active part in the formation of the region's relief. Erosion factors in the relief are traced throughout the entire Far East. Also significant factors include: physical weathering, solufication and periodic glaciations.

A characteristic and typical relief of the Far East are mid-mountain and low-mountain massifs. There is a pronounced network of deep valleys that dismember most of the massifs, and there are also a large number of mountains with flat tops. The height of the region ranges from 0.5 to 1.7 km. The most elevated zones of Kamchatka, the Koryak and Chukchi highlands have a diverse, with a predominance of alpine, relief. Most of the relief forms are glacial, and the proportion of lava plateaus is also significant.

Minerals of the Far East

The richness of the subsoil of the Russian Far East is a proven fact. The total volume of deposits makes the region a world leader in this indicator. Here lie such minerals as oil, gas, metals of various categories and classes, etc. The region can develop silver deposits, bauxites, tin, titanium and other chemical elements whose characteristics meet international standards. There are areas in the Far East, the development of which does not require large investments, all of them can be developed within a short period of time.

The process of mining in the region is difficult for the following reasons:

Lack of exploration data;
Lack of infrastructure;

High transport and logistics costs;

Small depth of occurrence of fossils.

Regardless of the complexity of the conditions, there is a noticeable increase in the role of the Far East in the economic development of the country. In the future, the region will be used to develop the latest technologies for geological exploration and mining. In general, the potential of the region is assessed as very high.

The Far East is the most distant region from the central part of Russia. It consists of 9 subjects, the population density of which is unevenly distributed. All of them differ from each other in climate and geological structure. These factors are greatly influenced by the terrain.

General features: tectonic structure of the Far East

The territory of the Far East stretches along the Pacific coast of Russia for 4500 km. It is located in the zone of contact of lithospheric plates (the Siberian Platform and the Pacific folding area), where processes of folding are still going on. Due to the special structure of the lithospheres, this area is mountainous and undulating. In the Far East, more often than in other regions, earthquakes, seaquakes, which are accompanied by the formation of a tsunami, occur volcanism.

Kamchatka is home to the most powerful volcano in Eurasia - the famous Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Rice. 1. Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Mountains of the Far East

Despite the fact that most of the territory of the Far East is covered with mountains, there are not so many truly large mountain systems. Here are some of them:

Sikhote-Alin - the largest mountain system in the region. It lies on the territory of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The highest mountain of this massif is Tordoki Yani, whose height is 2090 meters.

Rice. 2. Sikhote-Alin mountain system.

Suntar Khayata - a mountain range located on the territory of Yakutia and the Khabarovsk Territory. The largest mountain in this mountain range is Mus-Khaya. its height is 2959 meters.
Verkhoyansk chains - are located on the territory of Yakutia and extends for 1200 km. The chain includes the Orulgan ridge, the Kular and Kharaulakh ridges.
Dzhugdzhur - Mountains of the Khabarovsk Territory with a length of 700 km. Mount Topko has a maximum height, the height of which is 1906 meters.

Volcanoes of the Far East

The territory of the Far East is famous for the fact that it is here that a large number of active volcanoes are concentrated, including the largest volcano in Eurasia - Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka - the age of the volcano is approximately 7000 years, and it is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Another major active volcano is Shiveluch.

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The Far East is truly a mountainous country. About 75% of the territory is occupied by mountains, uplands and plateaus. With a large area of the region, medium-high or low mountains prevail here. Only a few ranges reach a height of 2000 m. In the south of the region there are two well-known mountain systems Khingano-Bureinskaya and Sikhote-Alin. The Dzhugdzhur Ridge is located along the Sea of Okhotsk. A chain of ridges Yankan-Tukuringra - Dzhagdy stretched to the north, and even to the north - a stanovoy ridge. The ridges of the Khingan-Bureinsky massif, Stanovoy and Dzhugdzhur are characterized by steep rocky slopes and treeless galtz peaks. The highest point (2639 m) is located in the Badzhal Range. The highest point of Sikhote-Alin is Mount Tardoki-Yani. Its height is 2077 m and it is located in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The relief of the Far East was formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. It was then that characteristic folded zones and intermountain depressions formed. The ocean also had a significant impact on the relief. So, for example, land areas - Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands were then under water. Only later these territories appeared on the surface, where they are still. From west to east, the nature of the morphostructures of the Far East changes from older to younger, and from folded-blocky to folded and blocky-folded. The highest sections of the mountains: the ridges of Dzhagdy, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Sikhote-Alin. There used to be glaciers here. Today, hills, kars and trogs testify to this.

The Far East of the CIS, commonly referred to as the Far East, is characterized by the predominance of uplands, which account for over 80% of the area. The Far East includes the Koryak Range and the Kamchatka Peninsula, the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (to the west of the southern tip of the Kolyma Highlands), the Dzhugdzhur Range, the Amur Region, bounded in the north by the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges, the Bureinsky Range, Sikhote-Alin, Sakhalin Island, arcs Kuril Islands and a number of lowlands - depressions that have experienced subsidence (Anadyr, Penzhinskaya, etc.). A significant part of these territories was subjected to mountain building in the era of Alpine folding. At the same time, the bottom of the adjacent modern seas was sagging.
The Koryak mountains are the result of Alpine folding. They are characterized by a strong manifestation of volcanism in the past. The mountains consist of parallel chains with a height of 1000 to 1500 m (the highest peak is Mount Ledyanaya - 2562 m above sea level), separated by intermountain depressions. In the south, one of the chains almost touches the Sredinny Kamchatka Range, separated from it by the narrow Parapolsky Valley (up to 10 km wide). The Koryak mountains are characterized by the alpine nature of the relief.

To the north of the Koryaksky mountains is the vast Anadyr lowland with absolute and relative heights of less than 100 m.
In the river basin Penzhina is located Penzhina lowland with absolute heights of no more than 200 m.
The northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk is filled with mountain ranges, strongly dissected by the valleys of numerous rivers. The slopes of the ridges descend steeply to the sea, the average height of the mountains ranges from 500 to 1500 m. The highest point is in the upper reaches of the Maimakan River - up to 2264 m above sea level. The highest point of the Dzhugdzhur ridge is 1906 m above sea level.

The Amur-Primorekaya region is located in the south of the Far East. The relief of the region is characterized by the presence of mountain ranges of various directions: from close to meridional (Sikhote-Alin ridge) to latitudinal (Tukuringra-Dzhagdy ridge system).
All mountain systems belong mainly to the Mesozoic folding, complicated in the extreme east by the manifestation of the Alpine orogeny.
The system of ridges Tukuringra-Dzhagdy stretches from west to east for a distance of over 800 km. Chains of goltsovy ridges predominate, the highest point reaches 1606 m above sea level. The general appearance of the entire mountain system is soft, the outlines are smooth, there are a number of pass depressions, the ridges are flat-topped, the slopes are gentle.

To the south of the mountain system is the slightly dissected Zeya-Bureya plain with surface elevations from 150 to 400 m above sea level. The Khingan-Bureinskoye highland, consisting of a number of meridional ridges, adjoins the eastern edge of the plain. The largest of them is Bureinsky, stretching from the valley of the Amur River to the north and northeast, where its height reaches 2071 m above sea level. In the west, the highlands are limited by the Turan range. The eastern spurs of the Bureinsky Range, descending, pass into a vast tectonic depression, known as the Khanka-Ussuri and Lower Amur lowlands. The relief of the lowlands is flat, the height of the surface is from 10-20 to 100 m above sea level; by genesis, these are young lacustrine-alluvial plains. Thick strata of alluvial deposits cover the irregularities of the primary relief. Low-mountain massifs and ridges are located in the marginal and internal parts of the Lower Amur Lowland. The lowland is about 600 km long and up to 200 km wide. The Khanka-Ussuri lowland is characterized by terraces that record the past levels of Lake Khanka.

Ridge Dzhugdzhur:

Location: Russia
Age: 150-100 million years.

Name	Length, km.	Highest point
Ridge Dzhugdzhur	700	Summit 1925	1 925
		Topko	1 906
		Summit 1903	1 903

Mountains of the Amur region:

Location: Russia
Age: 300-150 million years.

Name	Length, km.	Highest point	Height above sea level, m
Amur Mountains	2340	Pinnacle 2370	2 370
Chernyshev Ridge	120	Lukinda	1 571
Yankan Ridge	100	Pinnacle 1334	1 334
Tukuringra Range	230	Summit 1604	1 604
Soktakhan Range	110	Bekeldeul	1 470
Dzhagdy Ridge	200	Summit 1604	1 604
Turan Ridge	300	Wed. Nanaki	1 806
Selemdzhinsky Range	200	Yam-Alin	2 100
Ridge Yam-Alin	180	Pinnacle 2370	2 370
Aesop Range	150	Summit 1902	1 902
Bureinsky Range	400	Vertex 2167	2 167
Badzhal Range	200	Summit 2221	2 221
Kukan Ridge	150	Pinnacle 1288	1 288

Mountains of Primorye:

Location: Russia, China
Age: 150-100 million years.

Sakhalin island:

Location: Russia
Age: about 30 million years.

Koryak Highlands:

Location: Russia
Age: 150-100 million years.

Name	Length, km.	Highest point	Height above sea level, m
Koryak Highlands	880	Ledyanaya	2 453

Peninsula Kamchatka:

Location: Russia
Age: about 30 million years.

Kuril Ridge, Garland of Islands:

Location: Russia, Japan
Age: about 30 million years.

Name	Length, km.	Highest point	Height above sea level, m
Kurile Islands:	1300	Volk. Alaid	2 339
Great Kuril Ridge	1200	Volk. Alaid	2 339
about. Atlasova	-	Volk. Alaid	2 339
about. Kunashir	-	Volk. tyatya	1 819
about. Paramushir	-	Volk. Chikurachki	1 816
about. Iturup	-	Volk. Stockup	1 634
about. Simushir	-	Milna	1 539
about. Matua	-	Volk. Sarychev	1 446
about. Urup	-	g. High	1 426
about. Onekotan	-	Volk. Krenitsyn	1 324
about. Ekarma	-	Volk. Ekarma	1 170
about. Macanrushi	-	Macanrushi	1 169
about. Ketoi	-	Ketoy	1 166
about. Harimkotan	-	Volk. Severgin	1 157
Small Kuril Ridge	100	Shikotan	412
about. Shikotan	-	Shikotan	412
about. Yuri	-	Bezymyanny	44
about. Anuchin	-	Bezymyanny	33
about. Green	-	Bezymyanny	24

INTRODUCTION

The Far East is usually called the territory of Russia, located off the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This territory also includes the Kuril archipelago located directly in the Pacific Ocean, over which Russia and Japan have been arguing for many years. The Far East consists of mainland, peninsular and insular parts. In addition to the Kuril Islands, it also includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, the Commander Islands and other (smaller) single islands located near the eastern borders of Russia. Administratively, the region includes 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District. These are the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Kamchatka, Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Chukotka Autonomous District.

The Far East has always been a unique part of Russia.

Its uniqueness, first of all, was due to the considerable distance from the center of the country, as well as the fact that the Far East is a strategically important region that allows Russia to have direct access to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Moreover, in the territory of the Far East there is a significant amount of minerals and minerals, which are the foundation of the country's economic development.

The purpose of this work is to characterize the existing state of the problems of nature management.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set:

1) description of the relief, climate, natural resources, flora and fauna of the region;

2) identification of environmental problems of the East.

Physical location

The length of the Far East from the northeast (from Chukotka) to the southwest (to the borders of Korea and Japan) is quite large and amounts to 4.5 thousand kilometers. The area of the region is 6169.3 thousand km², or about 36% of the territory of the Russian Federation.

The territory of the Far East is located in 4 time zones. In the I time zone (Kamchatka Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), the difference between local and world time is +12h. (between local and Moscow time +9h.) In the II zone (Magadan region) the difference between local and world time is +11h. (+9 hours with Moscow). In III (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories) this difference is +10h. (+7 hours compared to Moscow); in the IV time zone (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Chita region) +9h. (+6 hours compared to Moscow). The Far East on the map of Russia is shown in Figure 1.

It is washed by the seas: Laptev, East Siberian, Bering, Okhotsk and Japanese.

Fig.1.

Relief

The relief (Fig. 2.) of the Far East is elevated and even mountainous, which is the result of the structure of the lithosphere in this part of the planet. The fact is that the Far East is located at the junction of two large lithospheric plates. The result of this is the active tectonic mobility of the territory. In particular, this applies to the eastern regions, the folding of which was formed back in the Cenozoic. Quite strong tremors occur quite often in this part of the planet even now.

Fig.2.

In the south of the Far East, low and medium-altitude mountain ranges, such as Bureinsky and Dzhugdzhur, mainly predominate. In the north, there are highlands (Kolyma, Chukotka) and plateaus (Anadyr), which arose as a result of volcanic activity. Mountain ranges located on the Kamchatka Peninsula stand out here.

Only a quarter of the territory of the Far East is occupied by plains. They are mainly located in those parts of the coast where tectonic activity is low (West Kamchatka, North Sakhalin), as well as in intermountain depressions (Middle Amur, Anadyr, Central Kamchatka), so their area is relatively small. ……….The relief of the Far East was formed mainly in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic period. It was then that folded zones and intermountain depressions appeared. The ocean had some influence on the formation of the relief. So, for example, the entire modern island of Sakhalin and the eastern slope were under water at that time. Only later did these areas appear on the surface, where they are still.

From west to east, the nature of the morphostructures of the Far East changes from older to younger, and from folded-blocky to folded and blocky-folded. The highest parts of the mountains (the ridges of Dzhagdy, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Sikhote-Alin and others) were occupied by glaciers in ancient times. Traces of this have been preserved in our time in the idea of various small landforms (hills, carts and troughs).

Thus, as a result of various internal (tectonic) and external (glaciation, winds, ocean waters), various types of relief were formed:

· erosion-denudation mid-mountains and low-mountains with areas of glacial landforms on Paleozoic and Mesozoic blocky-folded structures;

· erosion-denudation low mountains of Sikhote-Alin and Sakhalin on Mesozoic and Cenozoic fold-block and folded structures with lava plateaus;

· denudation-erosion layered plains of intermountain depressions of the Amur region;

· Accumulative plains of intermountain depressions on Mesozoic and Cenozoic folded structures.

Depending on the nature of tectonic processes, the relief forms on the surface also change. So, for example, on the Kuril Islands, under which the thickness of the earth's crust reaches 15-20 kilometers, three elements of the tectonic structure are mainly developed. These are deep-sea trenches, island arcs and deep-water depressions. Their formation was carried out sequentially. At the first stage, a deep-water trough formed at the point of contact between the oceanic and continental plates. At the second stage, a marginal sea is formed, and then a rift depression near the islands.

The relief of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the mainland of the country is a reflection of a more ancient period. Continental and transitional (from oceanic to continental) crust, blocky-folded structures, and longitudinal-transverse troughs predominate here. In the relief of this territory, these features are expressed by lowlands and volcanic forms. Here, for example, the intermountain Anadyr-Penzhinskaya Plain is located.

The structure of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands is mainly composed of Cretaceous and sedimentary rocks. Loose Neogene deposits are also present in the places of troughs. Modern processes of relief formation in the Far East are determined by tectonic processes and permafrost (in the northern part).

Active tectonic processes currently taking place in the Far East are the cause of various natural disasters. There are several active volcanoes and geysers in this area. Quite often, strong (up to 10 points) earthquakes and seaquakes occur in this part of the planet. The latter cause a tsunami - huge ocean waves. All these cataclysms lead to significant destruction and even human casualties. Therefore, this part of Russia is the most unfavorable in terms of the presence of hazardous natural phenomena.

The East is a special region on the territory of Russia. The relief of the Far East is extremely diverse and unique. In addition, the East is also one of the four corners of the world in which the population lives, where culture and traditions differ significantly from the way of life of Westerners. It is divided into three components: the Near, Middle and Far East.

mountain system

The Far East region is quite remote from the central part of Russia. The political, scientific, educational, and economic center is the port city of Vladivostok. There are 9 subjects on the territory, which are extremely unevenly populated. The climate and tectonic structure of the Far East, as well as the relief of the nearest area in each subject is individual and depends on many factors. The tectonic structure of the Far East is due to high seismic activity, since the territory is located at the junction of such lithospheric plates as the Siberian platform and the Pacific folding.

Various natural disasters very often occur in the Far Eastern territory: earthquakes, tsunamis, active volcanic eruptions. Here is one of the most powerful volcanoes in Eurasia - Klyuchevskaya Sopka. The Far Eastern mountain system includes the following highlands:

mountains of Sikhote-Alin;
Suntar-Khayat mountain range;
Verkhoyansk mountain complex;
mountains Dzhugdzhur.

Sikhote-Alin are the largest mountains located in the Far East in the region of the Mesozoic folding. Translated into Russian, the name is interpreted as "a mountain range covered with some kind of forest." The mountain system extends over the territory of both the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The peak (the highest point) rises at an altitude of 2090 meters above sea level and is called Mount Tordoki-Yani.

In turn, the Suntar-Khayata mountain range, the Verkhoyansk chains are also located on the territory of Yakutia and the Khabarovsk Territory. The Dzhugdzhur Mountains are also located there, the absolute length of which is about 700 kilometers.

Characteristics of the relief and volcanoes

The Far East region is famous all over the world thanks to a large number of active volcanoes, among which Klyuchevskaya Sopka occupies a special place. It is she who is the largest volcano in the entire territory of Eurasia. According to scientists, the age of Sopka, located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, is over 7 thousand years. The most famous volcano is Shiveluch, whose height is 3283 meters above sea level.

The volcanic system of the Far East region also includes Bezymyanny volcano and Karymskaya Sopka. The height of Bezymyanny is about 2882 meters, while the height of Karymskaya Sopka is no more than one and a half kilometers (1468 meters). Its characteristic feature is the release of combustible gases from the crater. In addition, one of the famous attractions is also the Valley of Geysers, which is also the largest in the Eurasian territory.

The map shows that the Far Eastern relief is predominantly mountainous, since plains and lowlands occupy an insignificant part of it (about 25 percent). A characteristic feature of the relief is also a complex coastline. Among the geological and natural factors that have a significant impact on the relief structure, the following can be distinguished:

glaciation;
active influence of winds on rocks (physical weathering);
solifluction processes.

Mountain landscapes in the Far East amaze tourists with their unearthly beauty, since mountain ranges are characterized by the absence of expressive ridges, they have smooth features. However, near the Pacific coast, the landscape changes significantly, as steep cliffs and pointed rocks appear. Many spacious plains rub along the banks of the Amur, as well as its tributaries.

Climate and water resources

Feature of the Far Eastern climate is its contrast. Thus, a subarctic or frosty harsh climate is characteristic of Chukotka, while a sharply continental prevails in Yakutia. Near the sea in Primorsky Krai, a milder monsoonal climate prevails.

The winter season in the Far North is quite severe and little snow. The total duration of winter is over 9 months. One of the factors that have a strong influence on climate formation is the winding mountainous relief. The peak of precipitation occurs mainly in the cold season, when a lot of rains, snowfalls and snowstorms are observed in the Far East.

The abundance of precipitation in winter is due to the fact that huge cyclones form at this time. They appear as a result of mixing cold air masses with warm Pacific air. This is typical for the climate of Kamchatka and Sakhalin. The amount of precipitation (for example, snow) can reach over 6 meters.

In the southern and southeastern territories, heavy monsoon rains usually occur during the warm season. This leads to the fact that the Amur River overflows its banks, flooding many settlements. The spill of the largest river can have very disastrous consequences. In addition, typhoons often shake the Pacific coast in summer.

The river system is characterized by density and development. One of the longest and most full-flowing rivers in the Far East region is undoubtedly the Lena. Its waters stretch over a vast area, starting from the slopes of the Baikal Range and ending with the Laptev Sea. The Lena flows into this sea, forming a huge multi-branched delta.

Minerals and population

The variety of minerals in the bowels allows us to rightfully call the Far East the economic center of the country with a capital letter. Mineral resources include, first of all, precious metals and stones (gold, diamonds), manganese ores, nickel, as well as natural gas and coal deposits.

In the Far East region, the development of natural resources is extremely difficult due to the harsh climate, low population density (labor shortage). In addition, the region is extremely rich in forest resources, which annually produce about 11 billion cubic meters of wood. According to statistics, more than half of all products manufactured in the Far East fall on the fishing, timber industry, as well as the extraction of non-ferrous metals.

Tourists on the streets can see many attractions, which makes the region a tourist center. However, despite this, the demographic situation remains extremely unstable. The population is still very low. This is evidenced by the fact that twice as many people live in Moscow alone compared to the entire Far Eastern region. For the most successful assimilation of this topic in geography classes in the classroom, it is recommended to write reports in which it is necessary to briefly describe the list of reasons why the population is rapidly declining.

In terms of its area, the Far Eastern region is ahead of even Western Europe. According to statistics, the total population is approximately 6.5 million people living in large cities (Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk).

The process of depopulation, which is an active outflow of the population to other Russian regions, occurs due to many economic reasons (low wages, high tariffs for housing and communal services) and other factors. Currently, at the legislative level, the government is developing a policy aimed at activating social and cultural life, contributing to the stabilization of the demographic situation in the region.

Thus, the Far Eastern region is a great Russian expanse, on which there are many mountains and volcanoes that amaze with their magnificence. Each of the mountain ranges is endowed with a truly "unearthly" beauty. The region is extremely rich in natural resources, the extraction of which must be developed. Investments in the mining industry will allow the Far East to stabilize the economic situation and improve the living standards of the population.

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