Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation. In the space biography of Sergei Krikalev, the word "first" is often heard. He is the first cosmonaut of our country to fly on an American space shuttle; first opened the hatch of the International Space Station; the first Russian who made six flights into space. Even in the list of people awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, his name is number one!
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev bears the high-profile title of "Earth Champion". He went into orbit 6 times and spent a total of 803 days in space - this achievement was immortalized in the Guinness Book of Records as "the longest stay in space."
Sergei Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958. In 1975 he graduated from the 10th grade of the Leningrad secondary school No. 77 with a "chemical" bias and simultaneously with the certificate received the specialty "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant". Since 1977 — was engaged in aircraft sports at the Leningrad aeroclub DOSAAF. In 1981 he graduated with honors from the mechanical engineering faculty of the Leningrad Voenmekh with a degree in Design and Production of Aircraft and received a diploma in mechanical engineering. After graduating from the institute, he worked at NPO Energia, where he developed methods of working in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions occurred at the Salyut-7 station, Krikalev, as part of a group of specialists, developed methods for docking with an unmanaged station and repairing its on-board systems.
As a child, I did not feel the iron gloves. Maybe they didn't really need it. What I was interested in coincided with the expectations of my parents. Now they say: “How to distract children from drugs, from drunkenness ?!” There was no need to distract us: there were no computers, they were not fond of alcohol ... Now it is fashionable for young people to have their fly hanging at the level of the knees and shorts sticking out from under the trousers. I'm not even trying to say whether it's good or bad, it's all different. It was fashionable for us to be strong, agile, athletic. I was swimming.
The first flight of Sergei Krikalev took place in 1988 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir space station. The crew of the fourth expedition to the station included the spacecraft commander Alexander Volkov and the first French cosmonaut Jean-Loup Chretien. For this flight Sergey Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
My parents found out that I was an astronaut literally six months before the flight. It is now that the guys still do not have time to get into the detachment, and all the media are already trumpeting that "here they are, future cosmonauts." And then it was not accepted. We were probably among the first whose names were announced in advance. People learned about the astronauts who were before us after the launch. Usually this was due to secrecy, but I think one wise Russian proverb fits here: "Don't say gop until you jump over."
International crew USSR-France: Sergey Krikalev, Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). Photo by Albert Pushkarev from the funds of the Museum of Cosmonautics.
The second space flight of Krikalev went down in history. He went into orbit on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft on May 18, 1991 as part of an international crew with commander Anatoly Artsebarsky and British astronaut Helen Sharman. The planned return of Sergei Krikalev from Mir to Earth was supposed to take place in five months, but was postponed for another six months, and Sergei Konstantinovich continued to work as a flight engineer as part of the new crew of the station. The flight duration was 311 days: while Krikalev was in space, the Soviet Union ceased to exist: he was already returning to the Russian Federation. In just his first two flights, Sergey Krikalev spent more than a year and three months in space and made seven spacewalks with a total duration of 36 hours and 29 minutes.
Sergey Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation No. 1 for a long-term space flight to the Mir orbital station.
I am often asked the same question: in 1991, you left the Soviet Union and flew to Russia. In fact, then I flew away from Moscow - and flew to Moscow. She didn't go anywhere. St. Petersburg has not gone anywhere. Greeted by the same people who saw off. Even then, nothing has changed inside the profession. Who and what is up there is a secondary matter for us. But people who do their job work longer than any president and any government.
Sergey Krikalev and Alexander Volkov aboard the Mir orbital station, February 1992.
Sergey Krikalev went on his third space flight as part of the crew of the STS-60 Discovery reusable transport spacecraft and became the first Russian to fly on the Shuttle. Discovery launched on February 3, 1994. After 130 orbits around the Earth, on February 11, 1994, the crew landed at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida (USA). This expedition was the first joint flight of two space superpowers since the Soyuz-Apollo program in 1975.
I go to the States like a tram on rails, along the Moscow-Houston route. It's for work. I come to NASA - I know everyone there. The people who come with me there on a business trip are surprised. I go to my own company - sometimes they don’t recognize me at all. And to go abroad just like that, to look at something - this has never happened before in my life.
During the flight, the station experienced a failure of the electronic ventilation system, which led to an increased level of humidity in the module and interfered with work. The American MCC in Houston could not intervene in an emergency situation for a long time and the situation became dangerous. The American astronauts then asked Krikalev: what would he do? Our cosmonaut shrugged his shoulders and replied: "I would fix it." And together with the commander of "Discovery", the future head of NASA Charles Bolden, they eliminated the malfunctions in the system. They say that it was this incident in orbit that formed the basis of the image of the Russian cosmonaut Lev Andropov in the American blockbuster Armageddon. In one video interview, when asked if it was hard for him on an overseas business trip, Krikalev replied:
An unusual environment, a completely different technique, colleagues are all foreigners, a foreign language ... But it was not easy for them either!
The crew of the STS-60 Discovery (from top to bottom): Ronald Sega, Sergei Krikalev, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Jan Davies, Kennett Reitler, and Charles Bolden.
Sergey Krikalev went into orbit for the fourth time in December 1998 as part of the first assembly mission STS-88 to the International Space Station. Sergey Krikalev and the commander of the Endeavor shuttle, Robert Cabana, were the first to open the hatch and entered the new station, and during the expedition, the crew also carried out three spacewalks. The main task of the crew was to deliver the American Unity module into orbit and dock it with the Russian Zarya module already in orbit. The flight lasted 11 days.
Usually the most frightening thing in space is the unknown. It is not at all necessary that some terrible events have to happen. But if you don't know if they can happen or not, that's what's annoying. A very great moral tension is connected with the responsibility that is entrusted to you. You have been training for several years, for many years you are going to fly into space. In the end, you are given multi-million dollar equipment, and the more complex it is, the easier it is to make some kind of mistake. It is precisely this risk - to make a stupid mistake, because of which the work of the entire team will stop - that scares me the most.
Sergei Krikalev made his fifth space flight in October 2000 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft under the program of the first long-term expedition to the International Space Station, together with his colleague Yuri Gidzenko and American astronaut William Shepherd. The crew in that flight was entrusted with both an honorable and responsible mission - the "revitalization" of the ISS to start its permanent work. The crew was at the station for more than four months and celebrated the onset of the new millennium in orbit. The astronauts returned to Earth on the American Discovery spacecraft, and the Soyuz TM-31 that delivered them to the station remained on the ISS as an escape capsule. The first expedition was also the first long-term mission to the station: since then, the international space house in orbit has always remained habitable.
The crew of the first long-term expedition to the ISS: Sergey Krikalev, William Shepherd and Yuri Gidzenko.
Many times I had to celebrate both the New Year and my birthday in flight. Astronauts celebrate all holidays with hard work - after all, we are at work: we congratulated, shook hands - and go to work. A birthday is not a reason to miss a working day, time in orbit is too valuable. All the most interesting things happen in our heads. Everything else is external attributes, conventions. I remember that the change of the millennium, the Millennium, around which there was so much noise, became just an extra reason to think about where we were, where we came from and what will happen next.
Sergey Krikalev went on his sixth space flight in April 2005 as the commander of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft and the ISS main 11th crew. After the Columbia shuttle accident in 2003, the ISS flight program was revised, so the expedition included the most experienced cosmonauts and astronauts: John Phillips (NASA) and Roberto Vittori (ESA). During the time in orbit, the crew repaired the Russian oxygen production system on the ISS Electron, received two Progress cargo spacecraft and the first American ship launched after the Columbia disaster - the Discovery shuttle STS-114.
The idea of what happens to a person in space, in principle, was formed from the stories of already flying comrades. I had one fear: I thought that it would be hard enough to live in a small enclosed space. In fact, it was not so hard.
Sergey Krikalev - Master of Sports of the USSR in aerobatics, Honored Master of Sports of Russia. Champion of the USSR, World and Europe in the team competition in aerobatics on gliders. From 1999 to 2007 he headed the Russian Gliding Federation. Another hobby of Krikalev was space photography.
While in space, I see things that most of my friends, with the exception of a small circle of astronaut friends, will never see. Therefore, starting from the first flight, in addition to what we shoot as part of our mandatory program, I always try to shoot just something beautiful, unusual, which I liked. You can call it a hobby, you can call it art. In fact, work is creativity, because you can do it in different ways.
After leaving the cosmonaut corps, Krikalev worked as Deputy General Designer of RSC Energia, Head of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, and First Deputy General Director of TsNIIMash for manned programs. Currently, Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev is the executive director of the state corporation Roscosmos for manned space programs.
Quotes by S.K. Krikalev are given based on materials from publications: Arguments and Facts, Izvestia.ru, Iskra Yuga, Moskovsky Komsomolets, Fontanka.ru, Esquire
His cosmic destiny is worthy of a thrilling novel or adventure film. In total, over six starts, he flew 803 days
The whole world knows him - he is almost as popular as the first astronaut Yuri Gagarin. Not only that Sergey Krikalev- a real space long-liver: on one of his trips to orbit, he had to spend a year in space instead of 5 months, and in total, during six launches, he “flew” 803 days. Krikalev is also a master of all trades, who impressed the American astronauts with his skills.
Sergei Krikalev was included in the 9th expedition, which launched from Earth to the Mir space station. The launch took place on May 19, 1991. On board were the commander of the ship - Anatoly Artsebarsky, flight engineer Sergey Krikalev and an astronaut from the UK Helen Sharman. A few days later, the British woman returned to Earth, she was taken by members of the previous crew.
Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained at the Mir station. They carried out serious scientific work, set up experiments, several spacewalks were carried out. This was Krikalev's second flight.
In August, when it was time to return home, shocking news arrived from Earth. The Soviet Union was no more. The budgets of space programs, which had previously spared no expense, were greatly reduced. However, the program of international space cooperation had to be carried out - the refusal of Russia's obligations to other countries was not allowed.
In order to somehow save money, instead of two ships - with crews from Kazakhstan and Austria - one was sent into orbit, uniting the crews. When returning in this ship, there was not enough space for Krikalev. The astronaut had to stay and wait for the next ship to arrive. This happened only six months later. Altogether Sergei Krikalev spent almost a year in space. The country failed to ensure his return in time. And when he finally returned in March 1992, he ended up in another country - not the one he left a year ago ...
For this long flight, Sergei Krikalev, who by that time was already a Hero of the Soviet Union, received the honorary title of Hero of Russia and the Gold Star medal. He is one of the few who holds both of these titles at the same time.
Russian "Kulibin"
Krikalev's career continued. In the fall of 1992, it was decided to include him in the US-Russian space expedition. He was the first Russian to fly with the Americans on a shuttle. The expedition started on February 3, 1994. The Discovery shuttle made 130 orbits around the Earth and landed in Florida on February 11, 1994.
During the flight, an emergency situation arose. The electronic life support system suddenly failed, and then the air duct failed. The Americans, strictly following the instructions received, reported the incident to Earth and began to wait for instructions.
Everyone was very nervous. Condensate began to accumulate in the air ducts, it slowly froze, it was necessary to urgently do something, but the Earth could not make a decision. Krikalev at first silently watched - after all, he was part of the American crew on the sidelines. When the situation approached critical, the Americans asked him: “What would you do?” Our cosmonaut shrugged his shoulders and replied: "I would fix it."
And fixed it. Without waiting for instructions from Houston. The astronauts were against it - they wanted to wait for help to come from Earth. But Sergei Krikalev did it his own way: he found the cause of the malfunction, restored and restarted the shuttle's complex instruments.
His decisive and professional actions were the cause of extreme surprise and admiration of the Americans: it would never have occurred to anyone that it was possible, without relying on help from the Mission Control Center, to fix the breakdown on their own.
Russian cosmonaut from "Armageddon"
The style of work of Sergey Krikalev, as well as his decisive character, made an indelible impression on the Americans - however, as well as on everyone else, when this became known. It is assumed that the prototype of the Russian cosmonaut Lev Andropov from the movie Michael Bay"Armageddon" to some extent became exactly Krikalev.
Of course, the image of Lev Andropov turned out to be grotesque and caricatured - a Russian cosmonaut, flying alone in a spaceship, wears a padded jacket and earflaps, is constantly drunk and unshaven, gives the impression of being insane, because he hits instruments with iron, opens the fuel supply system with a crowbar, and then and completely blows up the station. Ultimately, however, it is Andropov who saves the American astronauts - by tapping the shuttle's computer with a wrench and thus turning it on.
Today's work of Sergei Krikalev takes place on Earth. He is the first deputy general director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned programs. On August 27, 2018, he will turn 60 years old.
Full member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in St. Petersburg. In 1975, he graduated from the tenth grade of secondary school No. 77. Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports at the local flying club. Four years later, he graduated with honors from the Baltic State Technical University with a degree in Design and Production of Aircraft.
From September 14, 1981, Krikalev worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the Main Design Bureau of the Energy Research and Production Association. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. A year later he became an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, a senior engineer of the 191st department of the Main Design Bureau of NPO Energia.
On September 2, 1985, by decision of the state interdepartmental commission, Krikalev was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. During the following year, he underwent general space training. At the end of November 1986, he was qualified as a test cosmonaut. Further, for two years he was trained under the Buran program.
On March 22, 1988, Sergey Krikalev replaced Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the Aragats program at the Mir orbital complex, together with Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien. He also underwent training as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.
Krikalev made his first space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the program of the fourth main expedition and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with the spacecraft commander Volkov and cosmonaut researcher Jean-Loup Chretien, a citizen of the French Republic. Having completed the flight program, the station was prepared for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. The duration of the space flight was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and for the courage and heroism shown, Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station. In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 18, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev, and British female cosmonaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. Over the summer, six spacewalks were carried out, while numerous scientific experiments were carried out, as well as maintenance work on the station.
According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew due to arrive in October. This flight is interesting because the cosmonauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia: during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The flight duration was 311 days 20 h 00 min 34 s.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 387 of April 11, 1992, for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station, the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a special distinction of the Gold Star medal » № 1.
In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates, the other being Vladimir Titov, sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, Krikalev was announced as the main candidate.
Krikalev made his third space flight from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a specialist in the crew aboard the STS-60 Discovery reusable transport spacecraft. This was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.
Krikalev made his fourth space flight from December 4 to 16, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission as a flight-4 specialist. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the International Space Station for the first time. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.
Krikalev made his fifth space flight from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS under the program of the first main expedition of the ISS. He landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.
In his sixth space flight, Krikalev led the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station, launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TM6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori. During the flight, Krikalev made one spacewalk: on August 18, 2005, lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes. On October 11, 2005, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, he returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.
Sergey Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed eight spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space was 41 hours and 26 minutes.
At the end of March 2009, Krikalev was relieved of his post as "test cosmonaut instructor" first class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the Yury Gagarin Research and Testing Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position.
Since March 2014, Krikalev has been appointed First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned space programs, as well as Executive Director of the State Corporation Roscosmos for manned space programs. Since April 2014, the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. From August 2014, he took the position of First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.
At a meeting of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia on January 24, 2019, it was decided to appoint Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia.
Sergei Konstantinovich, in addition to space, also has sports achievements. For a long time he was engaged in aircraft sports. He played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In this sport, he became the champion of the USSR, the champion of Europe and the world champion in the team event.
At the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian national team in aerobatics on gliders. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. At the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. Krikalev was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe November 7, 2019 awarded Sergei Krikalev with one of the highest awards in the country: the Order of the Rising Sun on a neck ribbon with a star. The award ceremony took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
Sergey Krikalev's awards
Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1).
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism shown during a long-term space flight on the International Space Station.
Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games.
Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and the courage and heroism shown in this.
Order of Lenin (1989).
Order of the Rising Sun II degree (7.11.2019).
Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great merits in the field of exploration, exploration and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity.
Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005).
Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989).
Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989).
Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001).
NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)
Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007).
Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.
Laureate of the national award "Golden Eye of Russia".
Laureate of the national award "Russian of the Year" (2011).
Merit recognition
Bust on the Alley of Heroes of the Moscow Victory Park (St. Petersburg)
ISS astronauts
Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich
Serial number - 212 (67)
Number of flights - 6
Flight duration - 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds.
Number of spacewalks - 8
The duration of work in outer space is 41 hours 26 minutes.
Status - cosmonaut of NPO Energia, 8th set
Date and place of birth:
Education and scientific titles:
- In 1975 he graduated from the 10th grade of secondary school No. 77 in the city of Leningrad. At the same time he received the specialty "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant".
- Since 1977, he began to engage in aircraft sports at the Leningrad aeroclub DOSAAF.
- In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute (Voenmekh), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, majoring in Design and Production of Aircraft, received a diploma in mechanical engineering.
Professional activity:
- From November 1977 to May 1980 he worked as a laboratory assistant, then as a senior laboratory assistant at R/V Voenmekh.
- From May to August 1981 he worked as an aircraft technician of the 4th category for the operation and repair of aircraft and engines in the Leningrad city flying club DOSAAF.
- From September 1980, he worked in department 111 of the State Design Bureau NPO Energia for the preparation of a graduation project.
- From September 14, 1981, he worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the State Design Bureau of NPO Energia. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. From September 1, 1982, he worked as an engineer, and from June 1, 1985 - as a senior engineer of the 191st department (former 111th department) of the State Design Bureau NPO Energia.
- He was engaged in the development of proposals for displaying operator information on the displays of the product 17KS (Basic unit "Mir"), corrected the on-board documentation 17K No. 125-2 ("Salyut-7"), developed the on-board documentation of the product 11F72 No. 164 (TKS, "Cosmos-1443" ). He led a group for the development of instructions for cosmonauts on the spacecraft "Soyuz-T" (11F732), worked at the MCC as a developer of radiograms, a methodologist for the actions of the crew and on-board documentation. After the loss of communication with Salyut-7 in February 1985, he worked in a group to develop a methodology for flying to an uncontrolled station, worked out this technique in a technological crew together with A. Viktorenko. He took part in the training of astronauts.
- On February 5, 2007, he was appointed Vice-President of Energia Corporation for manned flights (while maintaining flight status in the cosmonaut corps).
- After the dismissal of RSC Energia President N. Sevastyanov and the appointment of a new one - V. Lopota in June 2007, he was not confirmed as vice president of the corporation, while retaining the position of deputy chief designer.
- By order of the head of Roskosmos No. 97k dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed to the position of head of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Research Testing Center for Cosmonaut Training named after V.I. Yu.A. Gagarin.
- Shortly before the expiration of the five-year contract, he wrote an application for its extension, but the contract was not renewed.
- In early August 2014, after a long vacation, he began to work as First Deputy Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsNIIMASH, the head scientific organization of Roscosmos. His responsibilities included the development of plans for manned flights as part of the deep space exploration program.
- On March 25, 2016, at a meeting of the Supervisory Board of the State Space Corporation Roscosmos, he was appointed Executive Director for manned space programs and elected a member of the Board of the State Corporation.
- On November 2, 2017, at an extraordinary meeting of the International Association of Space Participants (IACD), he was appointed Chairman of the Board of the IACD.
- On June 29, 2018, at the annual meeting of the MACD, he was relieved of his duties as chairman of the board at his request due to the heavy production and socio-political workload.
Military rank: Reserve Major
Positions in the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia:
On November 10, 1985, by MOM order No. 384, he was appointed to the post of candidate test cosmonaut of the detachment in the 291st department.
On February 11, 1987, he was appointed to the post of test cosmonaut of the cosmonaut detachment in the 111th department.
From May 25, 1990 - Deputy Head of the Department, test cosmonaut, from April 7, 1992 - Deputy Head of the Department, instructor-test cosmonaut.
By order of the head of Roscosmos No. 44 dated March 27, 2009, the instructor-test cosmonaut of the 1st class was relieved of his post.
Space training:
Passed a medical examination at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP) and June 7, 1983 received admission to special training. September 2, 1985 By decision of the GMVC, he was selected to the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. November 28, 1986 by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification of "test cosmonaut".
From 1986 to March 1988, he was trained under the Buran program as part of a group and in a conditional crew with Alexander Shchukin.
On March 22, 1988, he replaced A. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at Mir, together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.
The first flight
From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan) ).
From December 5, 1990 to April 19, 1991, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft under the EO-9 program (and the Soviet-British Juno program) at Mir, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and Helen Sharman ( United Kingdom).
Second flight
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From May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-12 SC (start), Soyuz TM-13 SC (landing), and Mir under the EO-9 program (9th main expedition ) together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and EO-10 (10th main expedition) together with Alexander Volkov. The decision to extend the work of Krikalev on EO-10 was already made during his flight. During the flight he made seven spacewalks: The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds. |
On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Johnson Center as a Mission Specialist for the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.
Third flight
From April 1994 to January 1995, he was trained at the L. Johnson Center as an understudy for V. Titov, the assigned flight-4 specialist to the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.
From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.
On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA).
Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998, he was trained at the Johnson Center as part of the STS-88 crew.
Fourth flight
From 1999 to October 2000, he continued training as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd.
Fifth flight
In October 2000 he was appointed commander of the backup crew of Expedition 7 to the ISS (ISS-7d) together with M. Suraev and Paul Richards (USA). In September 2001, M. Suraev was replaced by S. Volkov, and in March 2002, Paul Richards was replaced by John Phillips.
Under this program, the crew trained until February 2003, when, due to the death of the Columbia shuttle, all crews were reorganized. Krikalev's crew became the prime crew for the ISS assembly program with a shuttle launch (ULF-1 flight). It was planned that this crew would go to the station on the first shuttle (STS-114).
However, as the timing of the resumption of shuttle flights was constantly shifted, the crews and flight programs changed again. Krikalev began training as the prime crew commander of Expedition 11 to the ISS together with John Phillips. In October 2004, as a member of a short-term visiting expedition, the crew of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft included Italian astronaut Roberto Vittori, Eneide program.
Sixth flight
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Launched on April 15, 2005 (at 04:46:25 Moscow time) on Soyuz TMA-6 (11F732 No. 216) as the ISS Expedition 11 Crew Commander (ISS-11). The docking with the station took place on April 17, 2005 at 06:20 Moscow time. At 08:46 Moscow time the crew boarded the station. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds. |
In May 2006, by decision of Roscosmos, CPC and RSC Energia in preliminary In order, he was appointed as a TC commander in the backup crew of ISS-17d and the prime crew of ISS-19, together with Maxim Suraev. In August, by a joint decision of Roskosmos and NASA, he was provisionally appointed as backup commander of the ISS-17d and flight engineer of the Soyuz-TMA-12 spacecraft, which is scheduled to launch in April 2008. On February 13, 2007, the appointment was approved by NASA. However, already in March 2007 he was withdrawn from the backup crew, in which he was replaced by Gennady Padalka.
In 2008, he was provisionally assigned to the backup crew of Expedition 21 to the ISS (ISS-21A). According to these plans, the main crew should start on the Soyuz TMA-18 spacecraft in March 2010. This should be the first flight of a new modification of the Soyuz-TMA spacecraft (series 700). However, later (in July 2008) these reports were not confirmed during the unofficial announcement of the lists of future ISS crews.
By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was relieved of his post as an instructor-test cosmonaut.
Social and political activities:
In December 2007, he ran for deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation on the list of the All-Russian political party United Russia, regional group No. 81 (St. Petersburg). Despite the fact that the party overcame the 5% barrier, being the 16th in the list of the regional group, it did not get into the number of deputies in the distribution of deputy mandates.
Honorary titles:
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR (1989).
Classiness:
Cosmonaut 3rd class (10.1989.16),
Cosmonaut 1st class (1992.04.07)
Instructor-cosmonaut-test 1st class.
Sports ranks:
He has the 1st category in swimming, a candidate master of sports in all-around (at the championship of Leningrad in 1989).
"Master of Sports of the USSR" in aerobatics (1981).
"Master of Sports of International Class" in aerobatics (1986).
"Honored Master of Sports of Russia" (2007).
Sports achivments:
- Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports. In 1980-1981 he was a member of the Leningrad aerobatics team.
- Since 1982, he has been involved in aircraft sports at the V.P. Chkalov Central Aeroclub in Moscow. In 1982, he played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports.
- In 1983 he became the absolute champion of the city of Moscow in aerobatics. In the finals of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR and the USSR Championship, he played for the RSFSR national team, where he took 3rd place in the team and 8th place in the individual competition.
- He was a candidate for the USSR national aviation team. In 1985, he competed in the aerobatics championship of the socialist countries as part of the 2nd USSR national team and was a member of the Russian aerobatics team in gliders. He became the silver medalist of the World Gliding Championship in one of the exercises. In 1986 he became the champion of the USSR and the champion of Europe in the team event, as well as the champion in exercise. In 1997 he became the world champion.
- He mastered the piloting of Yak-18A, Yak-50, Yak-52, Yak-55, Yak-55M, Su-26, Su-29, L-39 aircraft. Made familiarization flights with an instructor on the MiG-21, MiG-25 and Tu-134. Received a license for the 2nd pilot of the T-38 aircraft (USA) and flew more than 140 hours on it.
- In 1997, at the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was in the Russian national team in glider aerobatics. He took first place in the team competition, as well as the silver medalist in the individual competition.
- In 2001, at the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team.
- On March 5, 2017, at the reporting and election conference of the Russian Airplane Sports Federation, he was elected the new president of this organization.
Soviet and Russian awards:
He was awarded the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989), the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 11, 1992) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (Decree of the President RF N 298 March 25, 1992), Order of Honor (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 of April 15, 1998, for achieving high sports results in the First World Air Games), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 353 dated April 5, 2002), the medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (03/26/2005).
Awards of foreign states:
Officer of the Legion of Honor (Legion d'Honneur), 1989, France.
Awarded three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001) and Distinguished Public Service Medals (2003).
Awards of public organizations:
Order "For Diligence for the Good of the Fatherland" (established by the Foundation "For the Good of the Fatherland") (2006). Order "Pride of Russia" (established by the Pride of Russia Foundation and positioned as the highest public award of the Russian Federation) (2008). Honorary Life Membership of the Royal Photographic Society (UK) (2009).
Family status:
Father - Krikalev Konstantin Sergeevich, born in 1932, engineer of the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg, retired.
Mother - Krikaleva (Prokofieva) Nadezhda Ivanovna, born in 1931, head teacher of secondary school No. 10 in Leningrad (St. Petersburg), retired.
Wife - Terekhina Elena Yuryevna, born in 1956, engineer at RSC Energia.
Daughter - Krikaleva Olga Sergeevna, born in 1990
Hobbies:
Aerobatics, swimming, scuba diving, alpine skiing, windsurfing, tennis, amateur radio (call sign - Х75М1К).
http://www.astronaut.ru/as_rusia/energia/text/krikalev.htm
Heroes of Russia
Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in Leningrad, USSR. Soviet and Russian cosmonaut, Earth record holder for the total time spent in space. Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia (one of 4 people awarded both titles).
In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.
After graduating from the institute, he worked at NPO Energia. He tested equipment used in space flights, developed methods of work in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions arose at the Salyut-7 station, he worked in the recovery group, developing methods for docking with an unmanaged station and repairing its on-board systems.
Krikalev S.K. was selected for training for space flights in 1985, the following year he completed the basic training course and was temporarily sent to the group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.
space training
He passed a medical examination at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP) and on June 7, 1983 received admission to special training. On September 2, 1985, by decision of the GMVK, he was selected to the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. On November 28, 1986, by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification "test cosmonaut".
From 1986 to March 1988, he was trained under the Buran program as part of a group and in a conditional crew with Alexander Shchukin.
On March 22, 1988, he replaced A. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at Mir, together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.
The first flight
From November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and OK Mir under the program of the 4th main expedition (EO-4) and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France), landed together with Alexander Volkov and Valery Polyakov). Callsign: "Donbas-2".
The flight duration was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.
From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan) ).
From December 5, 1990 to April 19, 1991, he was trained as a flight engineer for the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft under the EO-9 program (and the Soviet-British Juno program) at Mir, together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and Helen Sharman (United Kingdom).
Second flight
From May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer of Soyuz TM-12 (start), Soyuz TM-13 (landing), and Mir under the EO-9 program (9th main expedition) together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and EO-10 (10th main expedition) together with Alexander Volkov. The decision to extend the work of Krikalev on EO-10 was already made during his flight.
During the flight he made seven spacewalks. The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds. On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Center. Johnson as Mission Specialist of the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.
Third flight
The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.
From April 1994 to January 1995 he was trained at the Center. L. Johnson as a stand-in for V. Titov, assigned flight-4 specialist to the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.
From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.
On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA).
Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998 he was trained at the Center. Johnson as part of the STS-88 crew.
