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Introduction
1. Comprehensive landscape and architectural analysis of the territory of the site
1.3 Planning structure
1.4 Relief
1.5 Vegetation
1.6 Engineering communications and equipment
1.7 Small architectural forms
2. Project proposal
2.2 Landscaping and small architectural forms and arrangement of places for short-term rest
2.3 Landscaping. Drawing and pivot table
2.3.2 Composition-planning and dendrological structure of plantings being formed
2.3.3 Territory balance
Conclusion
Bibliography
Applications
Introduction
The purpose of this course work is a comprehensive landscape analysis of the square, to create a project for its improvement and landscaping. The square itself is located at the intersection of two streets Nakhimov and Sovetskaya. The work consists of two stages: pre-project (analytical) and design. To accomplish the tasks, it is necessary to perform a number of basic works:
In the pre-project (analytical) part of the work, the following tasks are carried out:
Trees and shrubs are measured on the square site (diameter, height and distance)
Assessment of decorativeness and condition of park plantings
The following tasks are carried out in the project part of the work:
Determination of the scheme of functional zoning of the territory;
Formation of the architectural and landscape environment;
Selection of assortment of plants;
Caring for plants and trees.
Chapter 1. Comprehensive landscape and architectural analysis of the territory of the site
1.1 Urban situation
This land plot with a total area of 2200 m² is located in the central part of the city, at the intersection of Nakhimov Street and Sovetskaya Street. On the north side, the square is limited by a temporary fence, construction is underway behind the fence. The roadway of Nakhimov Street is located on the south side of the square.
1.2 Functional content of the object
This square is a small green area in the city, which has the function of a walk-through park of a residential area. The square is intended only for transit traffic, since it does not have places for short-term rest. The square has aesthetic and compositional significance. The site is equipped with asphalt paths and natural paths. Shrubs grow in a dense line along the southern side of the square.
1.3 Planning structure
The total square area is 2200 m². The organization of pedestrian traffic is of significant planning importance, all pedestrian paths are paved. Closer to the northeast, the intersection of three paths form a triangle. The condition of the tracks is assessed as satisfactory, as some tracks have destruction, cracks and overgrowth. In addition to the main footpaths on the site, there are additional paths created by pedestrians to reduce the distance, which resulted in violation of the lawn. There is one lantern on the territory of the square, but its illumination falls on Sovetskaya Street, so at night the square does not have lighting.
1.4 Relief
The relief of the site is relatively flat, there are small rises and falls.
1.5 Vegetation
1.5.1 Dendrological structure of stands
The existing composition of plantations is represented by both tree and shrub species (Table 1). The range of tree species includes: drooping birch (Bйtula pindula), small-leaved linden (Tnlia cordbta), ash-leaved maple (Acer negъndo), willow (Sblix).
Shrub species: lilac (Syrnnga), Manchurian apple tree (Malus manshurica), Siberian hawthorn (Crataygus)
Table 1 - Species composition of plantations
On the territory of the square there are plantings with different physiological state and decorative effect, but mostly with an average decorative effect (Tables 2;3;4).
Table 2 - Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the elements of the existing landscaping
|
Decorative, specimen. |
Condition, copy. |
||||||||
|
birch drooping |
|||||||||
|
Linden small-leaved |
|||||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
|||||||||
|
white willow |
|||||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
|||||||||
|
Hawthorn |
|||||||||
Table 3 - Physiological state of trees and shrubs
|
Breed name |
Physiological state |
|||
|
good, copies (%) |
satisfactory, copies (%) |
unsatisfactory, copies (%) |
||
|
1 Ash-leaved maple |
||||
|
2 birch sagging |
||||
|
3 Small-leaved linden |
||||
|
shrubs |
||||
|
1 Manchurian apple tree |
||||
|
3 Siberian hawthorn |
3 copies of the Manchurian apple tree (5.7%) are subject to demolition
|
Breed name |
decorative condition |
|||
|
decorative, copies (%) |
medium decorative, copies (%) |
non-decorative, copies (%) |
||
|
1 Ash-leaved maple |
||||
|
2 birch sagging |
||||
|
3 Small-leaved linden |
||||
|
shrubs |
||||
|
1 Manchurian apple tree |
||||
|
3 Siberian hawthorn |
1.5.3 Compositional and planning structure of plantings
The planning composition of this square is mixed. The placement of trees is random, shrubs - group, in ordinary plantings and just as random.
At the moment, the park is not used for recreation. Plantings along the edge near the road are necessary to isolate the site from noise and dust, in addition, some plantings play a decorative role. The main part of the bushes is planted along the route, the rest of the bushes are located in a different order. There are no flowers.
1.5.4 Lawn types and conditions
On this site grows an ordinary landscape gardening lawn. It is the most resistant to mechanical damage, durable, decorative, shade-tolerant. The sod is tear-resistant. The state of the lawn is regarded as "satisfactory", as there are areas with a sparse herbage (up to 40%), areas with a small presence of broad-leaved weeds (up to 10%).
1.6 Engineering communications
There are practically no engineering communications on the territory of the square. Along the edge of the square near the road, above the bushes that are planted, electric cables hardly pass. There is no storm sewer outside the park, no water supply, no wells.
There are also no benches available. The only lantern is located near the fence, and its illumination falls on the Soviet street.
1.7 Small architectural forms and equipment
Small architectural forms are an integral element of the territory of specialized objects of landscape architecture. At this site, small architectural forms and equipment are practically absent. There are only 2 elements of a low forged fence located along Sovetskaya Street.
The square at the intersection of Nakhimov and Sovetskaya streets is an important recreational and decorative city object. It is located in the central part of the city, or rather at the entrance to the city. As a result of the analysis of the vegetation (decorative and physiological state) of this square, it was revealed that the square requires careful reconstruction in order to increase its decorative and functional value. It has also been observed that a small number of shrubs are in an unsatisfactory condition, and therefore their removal is necessary. A large number of shrubs and trees meet the requirements, but sanitary pruning and maintenance is necessary. The lawn also requires maintenance: the elimination of areas with sparse herbage and the removal of weeds. The footpaths are in need of repair.
Chapter 2. Project proposal
2.1 Architectural and planning solution
I consider the architectural and planning solution of this square to be not entirely successful and not aesthetic, the reconstruction measures are maximum. In the eastern part of the square, pedestrian paths will be redesigned, in addition, decorative elements in the form of rockeries, flower beds and a flower border will be added to the square. Small architectural forms will also be added throughout the square.
Flat relief, straight pedestrian paths crossing each other, creating many sharp corners, in the southwest and north of the square, the corners will be cut and rounded inward, thereby resembling an ellipse-shaped platform. This place is also vacated for rockeries. But to the southeast and northeast, this site again acquires angular shapes, all this for the convenience of transit traffic and the preservation of existing plantations. Trees growing in a different order, shrubs planted along the highway and in groups, everything will remain in place, with the exception of only those shrubs that are subject to demolition, and a group of shrubs will be planted in the north-west of the square to maintain the overall composition and landscape style!
2.2 Landscaping and small architectural forms
landscape square dendrological architectural
Part of the footpaths should be changed, because due to the existing construction near the square, some of them have lost their purpose. In the place of the trampled path in the north-eastern part of the square, a path for transit traffic should also be added, since a large number of people walk in this direction, and if this place is re-sown with a lawn, it will be trampled again. The territory of this square is not used for recreation due to the lack of benches and trash cans, this must be corrected. Four benches will be around the rockery, and five more along the main walkway, each bench will have 1 urn. You should also add lighting, in the form of lanterns, for pedestrian traffic at night. Five of which will be the same as the benches along the main footpath, and four more are dispersed throughout the square so that the lighting was maximum at night.
2.3 Landscaping
A complex of landscape works has been developed for this square to improve its condition and planting plants.
The lawn needs care, elimination of areas with a rare herbage and removal of weeds. Some shrubs need to be demolished, and some tree species, such as maple, need to be pruned. Manchurian apple and lilac bushes planted along the car dog also need pruning. A group of bushes will be added in the northwest.
Also, for better decorative landscaping, it is planned to add a rockery to the center of the square, or rather, a little northeast of the center; several flower beds, one northwest, the other east of the center. Flower border along the main footpath, on its northern side.
2.3.1 Reconstructive measures
As a result of the analysis of existing plantations, taking into account their viability, emergency danger, and the general state of decorativeness at a given time, measures were selected to improve their condition and increase decorativeness. The composition of reconstructive measures is selected individually for each tree and shrub. Shrubs to be demolished are not replaced, as pedestrian traffic will be re-planned and a decorative element in the form of a flower garden will be added in that place. Some trees and shrubs need pruning, such as maple, lilac and Manchurian apple tree, hawthorn. In this area, most of the trees are in good condition, so their reconstruction will be minimal (Table 5).
Lawn seeding is also required in trampled and sparsely planted areas. The composition of an ordinary lawn: perennial ryegrass - 30%, fescue - 30%, meadow bluegrass - 20%, meadow timothy - 20%, small-leaved bent grass - 10%
Pedestrian paths in the eastern part of the square need to be redesigned. Some of them will be eliminated, and some will be added to the place of natural paths. Also, part of the existing paths should be repaired, since some of them have destruction and overgrowth.
The rockery device involves the use of stones of the most natural tones - gray, beige or yellow. This will create a beautiful color scheme when plants take up residence in the rockery.
In the case of this rockery, sandstone, a clastic sedimentary rock, will be used. As plants will be used: cat's paw, coleus.
A small flower border along the main walking path will be planted from helichrysum bracts. In both flower beds, the same plants will be used: coleus, alyssum and also helichrysum bracts.
In addition, the following will be added to the square: benches for a short rest in the amount of 9 pcs, trash cans and lanterns in the same amount. The two existing fence elements should be eliminated as they do not play any role
Table 5 - Quantitative indicators for reconstruction activities
2.3.2 Composition-planning structure
Placement of plantings on the territory of the square - mixed and group. Three groups of plantings of lilac bushes, the remaining tree species are placed in a different order. Bushes of the Manchurian apple tree, part of the lilac bushes and a couple of hawthorn bushes are planted in a row along the highway along the street. Nakhimov.
In this square, which according to the project is used not only for pedestrians, but also for recreation, plantings are necessary to protect the site from noise and dust, and also to create shaded areas. Consequently, plant species are selected to be environmentally sustainable, durable and decorative.
The presence of designed flower beds, rockeries and flower borders in this square play a large decorative role. They also have an aesthetic and compositional solution. Around the rockery, on all sides of the path, for the most convenient transit traffic. The rockery itself is located northeast of the center of the square, and has the shape of an ellipse. The range of plants is selected so that at any time from late spring to early autumn they have a decorative look. The first flower garden is located closer to the eastern side of the square, is located on a triangular area and occupies 1/4 of the entire area of this area. The second flower bed is located on the opposite side, i.e. the northwestern part of the square, also located in a triangular area, occupies approximately 1/7 of the area of this area. The assortment is identical for both flower beds. And a flower border, which is located on the south side of the square. Opposite it are benches for rest and lanterns for lighting in the dark. Benches and lanterns are also planned around the rockery.
2.3.3 Territory balance
Most of the territory is occupied by a lawn and a pedestrian network. The territory balance is shown in Table 6.
Table 6 - Balance of the territory of the park
|
Element name |
Area, m |
|||
|
Paths and playgrounds |
||||
|
paved |
||||
|
landscaping |
||||
|
Trees and shrubs |
||||
|
flower beds |
||||
|
flower border |
||||
After practically carrying out reconstruction and planning activities on this site, the square acquires a well-groomed and decorative appearance. The square becomes aesthetic and more functional in its purpose. Tree species are put in order, extra branches are trimmed, tree species are demolished. The lawn was sown in places with a sparse herbage and in trampled areas. Created flower beds, flower border and the center of the entire rockery composition. As well as added places for a short rest and lighting the square.
Chapter 3. Green Building Technologies
Types of work provided for by the project: Trimming (sanitary, molding, top trimming)
The degree of pruning can be very different - from pinching off faded flowers or young growths to removing large skeletal branches. In all cases, pruning should be done to healthy tissue, and where possible, to a growth bud (or pair of buds), which will then give a new shoot. Pruning to keep the plant healthy also includes removing all the criss-crossing, underdeveloped, thin and weak shoots that often appear in the center of unpruned trees and shrubs due to lack of light and air. In addition, pruning destroys possible foci of infection and allows you to develop healthy leaves and full-fledged inflorescences.
Pruning and shaping shrubs
Pruning of shrubs can be different: forming a crown, stimulating flowering, sanitary and rejuvenating, as well as light, medium and strong. To achieve uniform annual flowering when pruning ornamental shrubs, in the spring, before the start of the growing season, some of the flower shoots are removed. Only in this case will the flowering be annual and lush.
All plants after pruning ornamental shrubs should be sprayed with anti-stress preparations, fed with complete mineral fertilizer and, if necessary, watered.
Shearing begins at a time when the young branches from the upper axillary buds are already growing enough, and the renewal shoots (from dormant buds) are still too short. In such cases, the removal of numerous growth points stimulates the already powerful growth of renewal shoots. As a result, after a few days, the renewal shoots outgrow the level of cutting. The hedge loses its shape and decorative appearance, you have to repeat the haircut. To avoid this, the first shearing should be carried out when the renewal shoots outgrow the given level by two or three internodes.
Cutting down shrubs. Sanitary felling is necessary to improve the site, in this case, individual diseased, damaged and drying shrubs are cut down. They always start with a hem. The depth of the undercut is from 1/4 to 1/3 of the diameter of the tree. After completing the cut, they begin cutting down the tree. Then they push the tree with a hand, an ax or a pole (pole), resting it on a tree at a height of 3-4 m. For safety reasons, the presence of people is unacceptable
Planting shrubs. After carrying out work on the preparation of the territory, transferring the improvement plan to nature. According to the layout drawing of landscaping, seats for woody plants are determined in accordance with the planting list. The dimensions of the seats are set depending on the size of the root systems, in accordance with the technical conditions for the work.
Lawn mowing. Regular lawn mowing is an essential element of lawn care. After all, you not only trim too long shoots, but also purposefully stimulate the vegetative processes of plants. From a physiological point of view, lawn mowing provokes various plant diseases. At the cut site, the plant loses a lot of moisture, metabolism stops in the leaves, and nutrients do not reach the roots. Therefore, the grass needs to be watered abundantly and properly fed in order to make up for losses and restore vital processes. On the other hand, mowing the lawn does not pose a threat to the life of the plant.
Lawn mowing can be carried out until autumn. And even in the flesh until October, if the weather is warm and the grass continues to grow. The last lawn mowing should be the lowest of the year. Then you need to collect the cut grass and fallen leaves and be sure to remove it from the lawn so that fungi do not appear.
Removing weeds from the lawn
The mechanical method is weeding by hand or with the help of simple tools that help pull out weeds by the roots.
Rockery device. Arranged from stone in combination with plant groupings of herbaceous and woody plants. On a relatively calm terrain, stones are laid asymmetrically, sinking them into the soil without disturbing the natural landscape. It is recommended to use stones covered with moss. Before laying stones on the site, arrange drainage. The thickness of the drainage layer should be at least 15-20 cm. A layer (30-40 cm) of loose, finely cloddy plant soil is spread over the drainage for laying stones. Plant land should be rich in humus (up to 10%). On free illuminated areas between large stones, carpets from low forms of plants are provided.
Sowing seeds with mulching. When sowing in the ground, if the seeds are sown randomly, they are slightly pressed into the soil, laying a board flat on top, the crops are mulched with rotted manure or peat, and the thickness of the layer depends on the size of the seeds. Small seeds are sown to a depth of 0.5 cm, medium-large - to a depth of 1.5, large - to a depth of 3 cm. With ordinary sowing, the seeds are first of all covered with earth from open grooves, then the crops are mulched with rotted manure, peat soil. Flower arrangement. Includes the following steps:
1) Removal of the project of the flower garden in nature according to the landing drawing (M1:50)
2) Preparation of seats - seats should be prepared 1.5-2 weeks before planting. First, I plan and clean the site, and then dig a pit (10-15 cm). The bottom of the pit is loosened, and the previously cleared and prepared soil is covered. Plant land should be light loamy, contain substances including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
3) Planting plants - before planting, the surface of the seat is leveled with a rake. Then the territory is divided into areas of various sizes, depending on the plant species. Drawing lines are applied to the planned and watered surface of the flower garden. The number of perennials planted per unit area of the site depends on the type or variety of plants and the size of the root system.
Flower border arrangement. Borders are narrow (0.1-0.5 m wide) strips used as bordering edges. Create borders from ordinary plantings of annuals or perennials of flower, herbaceous plants.
Construction of new and repair of existing footpaths.
First, preparatory work: the dismantling of the old asphalt concrete pavement and foundation at the work site is carried out mechanized with manual refinement.
Asphalt mixes are laid by an asphalt paver and, as a rule, over the entire width of the work area. In places inaccessible to the paver, manual paving is allowed. The thickness of the laid layer depends on the granulometric composition of the asphalt concrete mixture, the binder content and the temperature of the mixture and is selected by trial rolling. The thickness of the uncompacted layer should be 10-15% greater than the design one: with a design layer thickness of 50 mm, the thickness of the uncompacted layer is 5.5-5.75 mm.
When working with mixtures on a binder with high plasticity, it is possible to use a vibrating plate, which does not lead to surface defects.
Compaction of mixtures should begin immediately after their laying.
Arrangement of small architectural forms and lighting
Benches serve for short-term (without backs) or long-term rest (with backs) for visitors to the square. For legs it is recommended to use: stone, concrete. For backs and seats: wooden slats with rounded top edges and a convex surface, which contributes to the rapid discharge of atmospheric precipitation from the slats and the drying of the surface of the backs and seats.
Benches without backs are installed on metal supports, which are embedded in concrete cups. The seat is fastened with screws from the bottom or with a clamp on the side. Benches with a back are fastened with screws.
Litter bins are special containers designed for the collection and short-term storage of random household waste in order to ensure the cleanliness of the area. The urn should be inconspicuous and small, consist of two parts: a shell and a removable bin. The urns are placed along the edges of the paths and platforms at a distance of at least 0.8 m from the benches.
Lanterns - designed to ensure the safe movement of pedestrians in the evening along the paths and alleys, stay on the grounds, illuminate plants and create comfortable conditions for evening walks.
To illuminate city squares and boulevards, lamps on high reinforced concrete supports are used. The remote consoles on which the lighting lamps are mounted are made of metal. Excavation and layout of trenches, laying of electrical cables, installation of electrical equipment, connection to a power source for switching on is carried out by a specialized construction and installation organization.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the work on the project, all the tasks set for the improvement and landscaping of the park territory were completed. The necessary measures for the care of plantings were noted: pruning of trees and shrubs, demolition of certain species of shrubs, sowing and lawn care, an assortment of planned plantings was selected. Also, measures were taken to reconstruct, repair and arrange the necessary elements: benches, urns and lanterns were added to the territory, existing and new footpaths were repaired; in addition, decorative elements of the square are arranged: rockeries, flower beds and a flower border. All drawings, which contain ideas and proposals for the improvement of the territory, have been completed.
List of literature and used Internet resources
1. Nikolaevskaya I.A. Landscaping - M .: Publishing Center "Academy"; Mastery, 2002
2. http://4gazon.ru/rokarij-svoimi-rukami
3. Rubtsov L.I. Design of gardens and parks - M .: Stroyizdat, 1979
4. http://rubkakustov.ru/2013-05-01-12-42-35.html
5. http://www.bronepol.ru/y7/i/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=5541
6. V.S. Theodoronsky. Landscape gardening construction and economy. M: "Academy", 2010
7. Architectural composition of gardens and parks. Center n.i project. in-t for urban planning, under the general editorship of A.P. Vergunova, - M.: Stoyizdat, 1980
8. http://asfaltirovanie-dorog.com/
9. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
10. http://berrylib.ru
Applications
Appendix 1
List of existing green spaces
|
Breed name |
Phys. condition |
decorative |
note |
||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
dry branches |
|||||
|
birch drooping |
decorative |
||||||
|
birch drooping |
decorative |
||||||
|
birch drooping |
decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
broken branches |
|||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
broken branches |
|||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
broken branches |
|||||
|
decorative |
|||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
Many trunks and dry branches |
|||||
|
Linden small-leaved |
decorative |
||||||
|
Linden small-leaved |
decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Linden small-leaved |
decorative |
||||||
|
Ash-leaved maple |
medium decorative |
strong slope |
|||||
|
Lilac, group |
decorative |
||||||
|
Lilac, group |
decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
practicable |
Nearly dry plantation |
|||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
practicable |
Nearly dry plantation |
|||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
practicable |
Nearly dry plantation |
|||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
medium decorative |
|||||||
|
Hawthorn |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Hawthorn |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
Manchurian apple tree |
medium decorative |
||||||
|
practicable |
|||||||
|
practicable |
Annex 2
Assortment of plants used in rockeries, flower beds and borders
Cat's foot dioecious (lat. Antennbria diuica) is a species of herbaceous plants of the genus Cat's foot (Antennaria). A perennial herbaceous plant 10-30 cm tall with a thin rhizome, from which numerous short, recumbent vegetative shoots extend, bearing alternate, rosette-shaped leaves and several straight, non-branched, flower-bearing, felt-pubescent stems. The leaves are entire, glabrous above, green or silvery on both sides, felt-pubescent, basal - spatulate. The flowers are small in baskets, collected in corymbose inflorescences; apical basket 5-6 mm in diameter. The plant is dioecious, the baskets with female flowers are oblong, usually pink. The fruits are cylindrical, oblong achenes (up to 1 mm long) with a tuft of serrated hairs.
Blooms from mid-May to late July, fruits ripen in June-August.
Alyssum (Alyssum)
Belongs to the cabbage family. About 100 species of perennial and annual plants of this genus are known. This herbaceous perennial plant is used as an annual, up to 20 cm high with creeping, densely branching stems and oblong-lanceolate leaves. The flowers are small (four-petal) with a honey smell, white or purple, collected in a brush. It blooms profusely and for a long time from June to severe frosts (October). The fruit is a pod. Seeds ripen gradually. Honey plant.
Helichrysum bracteatum (Helichrysum bracteatum)
Helichrysum is a large genus of herbaceous perennial plants of the Asteraceae family. There are about 500 species found in nature. Flowering occurs from July until frost, 3 months after the first shoots. Grows well in an open, sunny position. Helichrysum loves warmth and cannot tolerate even light frosts. The soil for immortelle is light, slightly acidic and well fertilized. Unpretentious in care. Requires only timely weeding and loosening, easily tolerates late watering. Helichrysum is a plant valuable for the duration of flowering for flower beds, it withstands well the conditions of open sunny places. It is a popular cut plant, often used as a dried flower.
Coleus (Coleus)
garden plant. Annual. Location: Coleus grow quickly. They require a sheltered, sunny or shady location. The soil is light, permeable, rich, slightly acidic. Care consists in regular and abundant watering and spraying. Otherwise, the coleus easily becomes the prey of the spider mite, and indoors - also scale insects and whiteflies. It is also necessary to carry out regular, formative pruning, while cutting out elongated shoots, giving the plants a compact shape. Constant top dressing is also required every 12-14 days, in June with nitrogen, and later with complete mineral fertilizer with trace elements.
Annex 3
Hosted on Allbest.ru
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term paper, added 01/13/2014
Theoretical and methodological foundations of the organization and improvement of the territory. Landscaping of healthcare facilities, improvement. Description of the territory of MUZ "City polyclinic no. 1". Local estimates for the reconstruction and creation of green spaces.
term paper, added 10/28/2014
Physical-geographical and climatic characteristics of Tula. Flora and soil conditions of the city. Justification of the choice of the range of species, measures to protect green spaces. Architectural planning of the square, its landscaping and lighting.
term paper, added 07/17/2012
Design features of hospital sites. Important objective criteria for the hygienic assessment of the territory. Its climate, relief, soil cover and vegetation. Proposals for landscaping the territory of hospital No. 4 in the Zheleznodorozhny district of Ulan-Ude.
term paper, added 06/01/2015
Development of a project for an architectural and landscape solution for a country house in a mixed style. Design plan: arrangement of a recreation area and an economic part of the territory. Landscaping and gardening with the use of evergreen and rare plant species.
term paper, added 05/17/2011
Creation of sustainable and efficiently functioning green spaces in the territory. Architectural and planning solution of the square. Preparation of the site, soil for construction. Device, planting, watering and care work. Plant diseases and pests.
The improvement of the park is an important stage in the creation of the infrastructure of the city or any other settlement. This is especially true for large cities, where dense buildings have swallowed up all areas of green space. The creation and improvement of the park will allow organizing an “oasis” in the city, where any resident can come and take a break from work, take a walk with children and just enjoy nature. AC24/7 specialists will perform all the necessary work on the improvement of the city park, from design to project completion.
Stages of work on the improvement of the park
All work on the improvement of park areas begins with a project. The project is an important stage, as it should include the following points:
- Territory cleaning
- alignment
- Removal of construction debris, if any
- Calculation of the number of plantings and planning of landing sites, the project should take into account which trees and shrubs will be planted in the form of seedlings, and which trees - large
- Design of lawns and flower beds
- Designing gazebos, children's and sports grounds;
- Public toilets and waste containers, etc.
After the project is ready and agreed with the customer, the next stage of work begins - the preparation of the territory.
Territory preparation includes all types of work on cleaning and leveling the soil, removing old structures and emergency trees. When the territory is prepared, the actual landscaping and landscaping of the park begin. In accordance with the project, zones for recreation and games, tennis alleys and a lawn, single- and multi-level flower beds, fountains and other elements of the park, agreed upon and included in the project, are being created.
Much attention is paid to lighting, so that in the evening it would be pleasant and comfortable for visitors to walk and relax in the park area.
Types of parks that can be created or improved
AC24/7 offers you to create the following types of parks on your territory:
- Leisure park. In such a park, half of the territory should be occupied by green delights.
- A park with a large number of playgrounds, more focused on recreation with children.
- A botanical park in which various types of plantings are planted in a certain order and signs are necessarily placed where everything is.
- Leisure parks near water bodies or in a forest area.
- Historical parks, etc.
If you need a comprehensive improvement of parks, please contact AC24/7. We know everything about landscaping and bring your ideas to life. Leave a request online or call us to agree on a convenient time for our specialists to visit to assess the parameters of the site and agree on the elements that should be included in the project.
| No p / p | Name | Unit rev. |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Side stone concrete road - 1 MP | running meters |
| 2 | Type 3 (coverings from pavement and playground tiles): compacted sand - 0.35 m, crushed stone mixture - 0.12 m, CPS M 100 - 0.03 m, concrete slabs. Sidewalk (Factory Gothic or equivalent) - 0.08 m, device of side stones (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 3 | Type 4 (turf gratings): sand compacted - 0.35 m, crushed stone wedge - 0.15 m, crushed stone with soil - 0.07 m, concrete tile (Gothic Factory) with fruit soil and grass sowing - 0.1 m, side stones installation (Gothic Factory) | m2 |
| 4 | Type 5 (platform coverage): sand compaction - 0.1 m, crushed stone mixture - 0.15 m, PVC film 200 mcr, c/asphaltoben grade III type B - 0.07 m, color coating of cut crumbs (Mastrefaybr) - 0.015 m, side stones installation (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 5 | Type 6 (decking coating): sealing sand - 0.15m, concrete B 15 - 0.15m, composite joists 50x70; decking - 0.026 m, side stones (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 6 | Type 1 (asphalt concrete driveways): sand compacted. - 0.35 m, rolled concrete B7.5 - 0.18 m, asphalt concrete grade III with crushed stone type B - 0.07 m, T-Grid grid by bit. mastic, asphalt concrete grade I type B - 0.07 m, asphalt concrete grade I team B - 0.05 m, side stones device (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 7 | Type 2 (paving stone with access for fire equipment): sand seal. - 0.35 m, rolled concrete B7.5 - 0.18 m, asphalt concrete grade III with crushed stone type B - 0.07 m, T-Grid grid by bit. mastic, asphalt concrete grade I type B - 0.07 m, CPS M 100 - 0.03 m, paving slabs (Factory Gothic or equivalent) - 0.1 m, installation of side stones (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 8 | Type 7 (platforms for fire equipment): sealing sand - 0.35 m, crushed stone with a wedge - 0.15m, concrete B15 with mesh - 0.2m, CPS M 100 - 0.03m, concrete paving slabs (Factory Gothic or equivalent) - 0.1m, installation of side stones (Factory Gothic) | m2 |
| 9 | Red maple with a lump 1.5x1.5x0.65m, h - 5-6 m | PCS |
| 10 | Horse chestnut ordinary with a lump 1.0x1.0x0.6 m, h - 3-4 m | PCS |
| 11 | Hanging birch with a lump 1.0x1.0x0.6 m, h - 3-4 m | PCS |
| 12 | Silver maple with a lump 1.0x1.0x0.6 m, h - 3.5-4 m | PCS |
| 13 | Decorative apple tree with a lump 1.0x1.0x0.6 m, h - 3.5-4 m | PCS |
| 14 | European euonymus 1.5-2m high with a lump of at least d-0.25cm, root length. Systems not less than 0.2m | PCS |
| 15 | Mayer's lilac stamp form 1.5-2m high with a lump of at least d-0.25cm, root length. Systems not less than 0.2m | PCS |
| 16 | Spiraea Japanese Goldflame 1 m high with a lump of at least d-0.25 cm, root length. Systems not less than 0.2m | PCS |
| 17 | Spiraea gray Grefshteim 1.5-1.75 m high with a lump of at least d-0.25 cm, root length. systems not less than 0.2m | PCS |
| 18 | Mock orange crown height not less than 0.6-0.8 m with a root length. systems not less than 0.25 m | PCS |
| 19 | Cotoneaster brilliant height not less than 0.6-0.8 m root length. systems not less than 0.25m | PCS |
| 20 | Arrangement of flower beds from perennials 0.5 m high (reed grass, sedge, sesperia, meadow grass, canary grass) | m2 |
| 21 | Arrangement of sowing lawns (meadow grass meadow - 40%, perennial ryegrass - 30%, red fescue - 30%) | m2 |
| 22 | The device of the lawns arranged in in a lawn lattice | m2 |
| 23 | Slope lawn device with double grass seeding | m2 |
| 24 | Creation of artificial relief elements: high flower beds, artificial hills along the facades of buildings 1.2 | PCS |
| Project scope | Cost of works, including materials and delivery (including VAT) | The cost of work per unit. rev. (VAT included) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1543.7232 | |||
| 1885.6 | 9,177,646.25 | 4,867.23 | |
| 776 | 2,467,391.33 | 3,179.63 | |
| 477 | 7,256,441.78 | 15,212.67 | |
| 214 | 3,090,602.38 | 14,442.07 | |
| 1059 | 4,050,243.35 | 3,824.59 | |
| 5070 | 38,468,716.26 | 7,587.52 | |
| 1404 | 9,932,765.36 | 7,074.62 | |
| 3 | 198,925.03 | 66,308.34 | |
| 11 | 445,021.90 | 40,456.54 | |
| 36 | 1,343,986.06 | 37,332.95 | |
| 18 | 699,841.22 | 38,880.07 | |
| 8 | 534,377.44 | 66,797.18 | |
| 7 | 107,865.44 | 15,409.35 | |
| 4 | 109,555.73 | 27,388.93 | |
| 7 | 73,430.16 | 10,490.02 | |
| 3 | 31,470.07 | 10,490.02 | |
| 387 | 2,371,312.08 | 6,127.42 | |
| 288 | 1,361,283.49 | 4,726.68 | |
| 635 | 3,997,747.78 | 6,295.67 | |
| 5315 | 4,421,172.20 | 831.83 | |
| 892 | 1,238,989.43 | 1,389.00 | |
| 188 | 241,406.29 | 1,284.08 | |
| 1 | 2,783.20 | 2,783.20 | For 1 m2 |
| 91,622,974.22 |
SRO No. 1826.01-2016-7708296510-P-188
LANDSCAPE AND LANDSCAPING RULES
TERRITORIES OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW
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In August 2002, the Rules for the Improvement of the Territory of Moscow were approved, which impose certain requirements on city facilities - courtyards, quarters, parks, alleys, city streets, recreation facilities, children's and sports grounds, technical, security zones and others - in order to create a comfortable and attractive urban environment. The rules cover the whole range of works from design and examination of projects to control over the implementation of measures and the operation of landscaped areas.
Design of landscaping and landscaping elements
In areas where paved surfaces predominate and a high building density is observed, compensatory landscaping of the surface of roofs, facades, blind areas should be used, designed taking into account:
1. Safety requirements in relation to fixing the soil, installing mobile tanks, placing a water conduit, hydro and vapor barrier works of supporting structures and premises. With vertical gardening, measures should be taken to preserve the exterior finish of the facade (lattices, cables, planter supports).
2. Fire safety - automatic fire extinguishing and lightning protection systems, fire-resistant materials.
3. Strength of load-bearing structures. In their insufficiency, amplification is performed.
Types of coatings and requirements for surfaces
When landscaping territories, 4 types of coatings are used: hard (concrete, stone), soft (sand, crushed stone, expanded clay), lawn (grass layer) and combined - mixed type, combines different options. The main requirements for coatings are strength, maintainability, non-slip, environmental safety. The color of the coating must match the color of the surrounding urban environment.
fences
Various types of fencing are used to improve the urban environment. For example, in the central part of the city, roadside areas, near houses, forged, cast-iron, steel fences are recommended and deaf reinforced concrete are prohibited. In the places where lawns adjoin roads, parking lots - metal structures up to 50 cm high with an indentation of 20-30 cm, for trees growing in pedestrian areas of heavy traffic - enclosing elements up to 90 cm high.
Small architectural forms (MAF)
Small architectural forms - decorative elements, landscaping devices, water objects, furniture, gaming and sports equipment, lighting systems, etc. To create a comfortable urban environment, a number of requirements must be taken into account:
- landscaping should be done with the help of flowerpots, trellises, flower girls, trellises, etc.;
- fountains must have spillways, and the approach to them must be hard-surfaced;
- decorative reservoirs should have a smooth bottom for easy cleaning and be located on a flat surface;
- installation of urban furniture is carried out on a solid surface or foundation (with the exception of forest park areas, playgrounds);
- playground equipment (swings, carousels, modular elements, sports complexes) must have a safety certificate;
- lighting (architectural, functional, light information) should provide the necessary level of light for pedestrian areas, roads, school areas, kindergartens, adjacent areas, and devices should have an aesthetic appearance, anti-vandal protection.
Non-capital structures
The design of non-stationary (non-capital) objects - pavilions, stalls, tents, kiosks, ground toilets, box garages is carried out subject to sanitary and hygienic requirements, fire safety rules. The shape and appearance of structures must comply with urban design, operational requirements, and the location should not hamper the movement of pedestrians. Installation of structures is carried out on a hard surface, a normalized set of landscaping elements - bins, containers for garbage, lighting devices.
Buildings and constructions
The main requirements for the design of buildings and structures relate to the color of the exterior, entrance groups, plinths, drains, placement of antennas and other elements:
- exterior color schemes should correspond to the general concept of the street and the city;
- it is desirable to use finishing materials with high wear resistance;
- antennas should be placed from the side of the yard;
- house signs are required to be placed on the building - the name of the street, the number of the house, building;
- entrance groups should be equipped with a canopy, lighting equipment, surface interface elements, ramps, fences, railings, in some cases, protective nets should be installed at the level of the second floor, etc.
Venues
When implementing the improvement of the urban area, it is necessary to provide playgrounds for sports, walking dogs. The main requirements relate to the location of the boundaries of the sites, their size, isolation from the passage of vehicles, foot traffic, garbage collection areas and parking.
Playgrounds are equipped with a soft surface, and playgrounds - with a hard one. Dog walking areas should have a leveled, clean surface that excludes injury to animals, a metal mesh at least one and a half meters high should be used as a fence, landscaping, furniture, and lighting equipment should be provided.
Footpaths, sidewalks, alleys
Pedestrian communications should ensure the unhindered movement of pedestrians, safety and convenience. The slopes are designed taking into account the movement of the disabled, the alternation of horizontal and inclined sections is performed, the installation of stairs with ramps.
Transport passages
The design of driveways should be carried out with the preservation of landscape features and the state of adjacent territories. For the improvement of transport passages, a hard surface, mating surfaces, landscaping elements and lighting systems are used. Green spaces should not reduce the size of roads and interfere with the view of drivers.
Design of complex improvement in residential areas
The design of residential areas - residential areas, adjacent territories, schools, gardens, microdistricts, garages, parking lots, etc. - is carried out according to the principle of unity and accessibility of space. Territories should be equipped with sidewalks, parking lots, in some cases, fences, different types of coatings, bins, waste containers, street furniture, lighting, landscaping and landscape design elements should be used.
Certain types of residential areas have individual requirements. For example, house adjoining spaces should have free passages for transport, pedestrian zones, playgrounds for children and play areas, recreation areas, landscaping, fences, a pre-house area, elements of adjacent surfaces, etc. The territories of school and preschool institutions are equipped with playgrounds, a sports center, places for sports activities. With dense development, landscaping, placement of children's and sports grounds on the roof or in underground / semi-underground structures is allowed.
Designing the improvement of recreation areas
Improvement of recreational facilities - parks, squares, gardens, beach complexes, as well as specially protected areas of natural and national parks, forest parks - includes the reconstruction / restoration of monuments, the restoration of green spaces, the disturbed natural layer, plant care and much more. The set of mandatory landscaping elements depends on the purpose of the object. In particular:
- for recreation areas, the maximum length of the line of the beach and the reservoir is regulated, the placement of rescue stations, medical stations, paths, sheds, toilets is mandatory;
- for parks and forest parks - organizing the passage of mini-transport, placing stop pavilions, footpaths, alleys, attractions, gazebos, landscaping systems and decorative compositions, water devices, lighting, non-capital structures, as well as the creation of separate viable ecosystems;
- parks of residential areas - placement of alleys, paths, playgrounds, sports and gaming complexes, landscaping, garbage collection devices, enclosing structures;
- gardens - equipping with benches, waste collection devices (bins, containers), landscaping, lighting, as well as the use of water devices, fences, non-capital structures, information schemes;
- boulevards, squares should be equipped with hard-surface paths and areas, have benches, bins, garbage containers, planting lanes, fountains, flower beds, recreation areas in the appropriate colors.
Landscaping of production areas
Landscaping of industrial areas (pre-factory areas, parking lots, recreation areas, pedestrian communications, recreational facilities), landscaping of sanitary protection zones is carried out using mating surfaces, hard surface, information stands, flagpoles, pedestrian communications, lighting equipment, non-stationary (non-capital) objects , outdoor equipment. Recreational facilities are located in areas protected from the impact of industries. Landscaping of sanitary zones should be carried out in the form of picturesque compositions with elements of interface of surfaces and plant protection.
Residents of megacities are worried about the lack of green spaces, walking alleys near residential complexes. Improvement of parks and squares is the primary task of the municipality, citizens, and construction organizations.
The MASK group company takes an active part in solving the environmental problem of Moscow and the Moscow region, through the improvement and planting of greenery in parks within the city.
Complex improvement of parks is carried out in many stages. Main steps:
- research and thorough inspection of the area;
- development of a construction plan in electronic form;
- its approval with the customer, city authorities;
- budget calculation;
- zoning of the territory taking into account the interests of the residents of the area;
- search for contractors;
- setting deadlines;
- Preparation for construction;
- construction works;
- installation of equipment, communications;
- landscaping;
- further improvement and decoration of the park area by designers.
Improvement of city parks includes additional activities depending on the type and purpose of the recreation area. The following types of parks are distinguished:
Forest park. This is the area with the fewest buildings. 80% of the area is occupied by lawns, edges, alleys.
Park of Culture and Leisure. It is used as a venue for mass, cultural events, equipped with walking paths, squares. Designed for high traffic density. Green spaces usually occupy no more than 50% of the area.
Amusement park. Designed for active family holidays. Most of the area is occupied by entertainment centers, attractions for children and adults.
Botanical park. The territory is planted with exotic plants. There are no entertainment centers in this park. You can walk along it in peace and quiet, looking at bizarre rare plants and trees. Green spaces occupy up to 90% of the park area.
Park on the shore of the reservoir. Great place for family vacations, walks with children. On the territory there are leisure centers, cafes, restaurants, playgrounds, houses, sanatoriums for a long stay, picnic areas. Trees and plants occupy 30-40% of the area.
Landscaping of the park territory cannot do without landscaping, construction of sanitary facilities, lighting, water. This scope of work is undertaken by the construction company. MASK Group has been fulfilling these tasks for more than one year. He has extensive experience, a fleet of specialized vehicles designed for the complex improvement of the city, adjacent territories and parks.
For residents of cities, parks and squares become the only place to relax in the summer heat. Therefore, it is so important to increase their number, make them available and equip them with everything necessary.
Park improvement includes zoning of the territory. The ideal park consists of the following sections:
- walking;
- picnic;
- bicycle;
- sports (grounds, stadiums for ball games, running);
- sanitary;
- entertaining;
- catering points.
A prerequisite for the improvement of public gardens is landscape and architectural elements. Green spaces are used as decorations for recreation areas in summer and winter. Sculptures and busts will add a cultural component to the recreation area.
On the territory of one park, it is not possible to perform zoning for all points. But walking alleys, quiet squares, playgrounds are present in any of them.
There are regulations for the construction of footpaths. Standard width: 3-10 meters. They must be located away from places where mass events are held. Equip with benches, gazebos for a short respite from walking.
Children's playgrounds and sports grounds are located separately from crowded places. Their area depends on the size of the park, its capacity. The site equipment is standard. You should definitely take care of the safety of the coating, the quality of the installation of equipment for active games.
The improvement of parks in Moscow or other megacities is particularly difficult. The high density of visits, high requirements for equipment, ecology complicate the task for construction companies. Only professionals will complete all the assigned tasks with high quality and on time, having thought through every step, taking into account the peculiarities of the life of citizens in the metropolis.
The MASK group company offers services for the improvement of city parks. Extensive experience in the construction industry makes it possible to cope with the task of any complexity.
Every modern city needs parks. It is the parks with their green spaces that can at least slightly maintain the ecological state of megacities in a normal state. Any park zone needs not only the allotment of the territory, but also the improvement of this territory.
Any park without landscaping will resemble an abandoned wasteland. That is why all parks need improvement of their territory.
Improvement of parks is a very complex process, which includes not only planting trees, but a whole range of other tasks.
The improvement of the park territory can be divided into the following stages:
- Clearing and cleaning the territory. Since there is practically no clean area without shrubs and weeds, before starting any work, it is necessary to clear and clean this area. Cleaning is carried out, most often, with the help of. With the help of this special equipment, you can not only clean up the territory, but also load all the garbage onto dump trucks.
- Territory planning. Everyone knows that flat land does not exist in nature. For this reason, any park area needs mandatory planning. Similar work is carried out with the help of excavators and motor graders.
- Laying of engineering networks. Quite an important stage in the improvement of parks, which involves laying pipelines and electrical cables in trenches. This stage is very important. After all, if you make the slightest mistake, then in the future there will be a need to dig up paths and green areas. Engineering communications are laid, most often with the help of.
- Construction of additional facilities. Before equipping footpaths and planting trees and shrubs on the main territory, it is necessary to build all the main pavilions, shopping and entertainment facilities, and attractions. At this stage, it is necessary to build all capital structures in order to minimize the presence of large equipment in the park area in the future.
- Arrangement of tracks. Only at this stage it is possible to start the construction of footpaths. To do this, excavation is carried out using excavators loaders to a certain depth. Next, a sand and gravel cushion is made, which is very carefully compacted. And only after that the asphalt coating or paving slabs are laid.
- Landscaping of the territory. All types of trees and shrubs are planted. If earlier this was done manually, now there are special attachments for such purposes, which are installed on special equipment. With the help of such equipment, it is possible to speed up the process of planting trees several times. After planting trees, you can begin to sow the main area with a lawn. In some cases, a rolled lawn is laid.
- Installation of auxiliary objects. At this stage, a variety of benches, trash cans, lighting lanterns are installed. Other objects that do not belong to capital construction objects can also be mounted. Almost all work at this stage is carried out manually.
- Territory cleaning. After carrying out all the work, it is necessary to carefully clean the entire territory of the park. For this, manual labor is used. In some cases, it is possible to use small special equipment, such as a mini loader.
The improvement of the park is not such an easy task as it seems at first glance. This is not just planting trees and bushes, this is a full-fledged construction process, which not all companies can do.
Almost every park can be divided into several zones:
- Zone of entertainment and public events. They are located near the main entrances to the park. The optimal distance for placing such zones from the entrances to the park should not exceed 150 meters. It contains, most often, an area for mass events, an open stage, a variety of attractions and entertainment facilities.
Around such a zone, it is customary to equip a special noise-insulating strip due to dense landscaping with high plantings. - Sports and recreation area settling on flat areas of the park. Includes a variety of horizontal bars and sports equipment. In addition, they are equipped with treadmills, roller skating and a variety of sports grounds. If possible, such zones are placed next to water bodies. It is customary to equip such zones near the entrances to the park from the side of residential buildings.
- Children's recreation area includes different playgrounds, which are divided by age categories. Must contain at least three different sites. Each playground should correspond to a certain age category of children.
- Rest zone This is an area for walking. Includes green spaces, a variety of sheds and gazebos. Such zones are located in the depths of the park area. Usually located at the maximum distance from the roads.
- Economic zone- a mandatory zone, which includes administrative buildings, warehouses, workshops and other premises. Park employees work in the economic zone. In addition, tools, equipment and other devices that are necessary for caring for the park area are stored on the territory. The economic zone must be equipped with a car entrance. From the economic zone, an exit to the park paths is arranged.
These are just the main areas that are present in most parks. In fact, there can be many more possible zones, depending on the type of park.
What companies are engaged in landscaping parks?
There are a very large number of companies that provide individual services. One company, for example, can be engaged in construction work, another - in road work, and a third - in landscaping.
Our company is an exception. We are ready to carry out all the work. We always have the necessary special equipment and highly qualified specialists in stock. We are ready to equip the park of any complexity on a turnkey basis.
