This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who re-read the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Make yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the probability of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so "beautiful". Or first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Do not be lazy and do not skip any of the points of the algorithm. Only then will you bring the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to automatism.

Aerobatics - determine the amount n on the run.

You can, but not right away.

Sequencing

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. You need to do this on the question that we ask by the way.

• Noun - who? what?
• Adjective - which?
  • Short adjective - what?
• adverb - as?
• Participle - which?
  • Brief Communion - what?
• verbal adjective - which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

The adjective is derived from the noun, and the participle is derived from the verb.

Long is an adjective because it answers a question which? and is derived from a noun length.

strewn is a participle because it answers a question which? and is derived from the verb strew.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -usch-, -yusch-, -ash-, -yashch-, -em-, -om-, -im-. In past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the correct part of speech.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have one more problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from the verb. Both answer the question which?. How to distinguish them?

First, the verbal adjective is formed from the imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from the perfective verb.

How to determine the type of the verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is imperfect (denoting an incomplete action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is perfect (denoting a completed action).

Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.

A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfective because it answers the question what to do?.

loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question which?; derived from the verb ship; this verb is imperfective because it answers the question what to do?; dependent words are missing.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

1. Add dependent word.
   A man-loaded car. loaded by whom?- human. Now this is communion.
2. Change the form of the verb.
   loaded car. Formed from a verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore belongs to the perfect species.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Realized that the word answers the question what?.
2. We think from what full form the word is formed.
3. We determine the part of speech in the full form (we read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table to illustrate.

Hooray. Now we know what part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

See how easy it is when we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- and -Eve-.

In the word asphalted write nn because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- were suffixes. In words forged and chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cove- and zhev-. These words contain one letter n, because they are verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en th, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:

1. In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N th, time enn th.
2. If the word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn th.
   Pay special attention to the second point. Without it, you would write in a word fog one letter n because there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -en- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, whose base ends with n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget this rule.

The words windy, oily, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter. n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh no wind nn th).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: the same number of letters are written in them n, how many and in total.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same n how much in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- adverb because it answers a question as?. Formed from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in suffix -enn-, therefore, in the adverb we write the same way.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusingly explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question which?; no dependent words; formed from an imperfective verb confuse). Insofar as confused- verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then in the dialect, which is formed from it, we write the same amount.

A little exercise. Explain the setting n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes, slightly salted in ash, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem delicious in the fresh air. to the most sophisticated gourmet.

Interactive dictation

LITERATURE textbook: spelling

Literacy Tutorial: Punctuation

Names and titles. Interactive simulator

useful links

Summer Reading

Memoirs

Language Quotes

Tongue Twisters

Proverbs and sayings

Choose the correct answers. To check the completed task, click the "Check" button.

H / HH in participles and verbal adjectives

Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that regularly make mistakes in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, CUT TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, TREES HAVE BEEN CUT.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:

1) the sacrament has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from the verb of the perfect form, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? - perfect form);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE OVEN;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED PERSON.

If a word does not have any of these features, then it is spelled with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the words-exceptions: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, UNINTENDED, WANTED, PRECIOUS, SACRED, SMOOTH.

(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase LAUNCHING GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: NEGLECTED GARDEN.

(2) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase BROKEN LOOK? First of all, we look to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step is to determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROOCHE_NY was formed from the verb TO THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters H: LOOKING OUT.

(3) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase OVEN Roast FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the sacrament it is necessary to write two letters H: FISH ROASTED IN THE OVEN.

(4) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, two letters H must be written in it: ASPHALTED HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVING from the phrase WEAVING BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the verb of the imperfect form WEAVING (what to do?), You need to write one letter H: WITTED BASKET.

“How can I not love him? - she said to herself, delving into his fright and at the same time delighted look.

Levin immediately thought of this, but, in spite of this, he decided that Sviazhsky's views of him were only his baseless assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps the father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love _n oh!

Scarlet ribbons were woven into her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Unseen _n oh beauty.

Who wants to welcome us, if you please;
The door is open for the stars and the unseen...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

... There were requests from a hostile ministry for information about the measures that have been applied in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

And that consumptive, relative to you, enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

And then she thinks -
God knows why
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkle _n leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
Surprisingly sweet cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little embarrassed, and irritated by this embarrassment, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

No, in this felled forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers rejected _n th children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevitch had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed himself again, put on a frilled nightgown and lay down ... (Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles an hour
Zakova is coming.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

With a face mutilated with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began pulling on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Darya Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant, unseen carriage...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Finally married his daughter
I took it - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

She remembered how she had almost told the confession that her husband's young subordinate had made to her in Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Towards dinner they arrived: an old cousin of Alexei Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man, recommended to Alexei Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the _nd hour of the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where insulted _n omu there is a corner for feeling.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevitch ... in this playful courtship ... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

What is the politest name for such people?
Tenderer? - he is a man of the world,
Notorious _n th swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonych Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

For the fact that he softened the anger of _n th guest,
I wanted to compliment.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

You sit for an hour
Do not oppress _n th, peppy mind
Works meanwhile.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

Spelling H and HH in suffixes

Compare two sentences:

Baked apples on a plate .

Oven-baked apples lay on a plate .

In one case the word baked written with one n, and in the other case, with two n. In order to understand why these words are written that way, you need to understand a few rules. True, there are quite a few rules and exceptions on this topic.

Н and НН in adjectives and participles

In order to determine how much n should be written in the adjective, first you need to understand what part of speech it is formed from. As a rule, adjectives are formed from nouns, from verbs or are primitive. Primitive adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. Let's look at these three groups.

Adjectives formed from nouns

en -, — yang -, — in -.

Examples: leather, silver, horse

Exceptions: glass, tin, wood

In adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes - enn -, — stvenn -, — he N -, — ation -, — irovann -.

Examples: cranberry, feminine, evolutionary, examination, erudite

Exceptions: windy, oily ( but windless)

In adjectives formed from nouns with a base on n with the suffix n -.

Examples: deep, true

Primitive adjectives

Primitive adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. In them n included in the root. These adjectives have only one letter. n .

blue, young, green, ruddy

For example, in the word rosy root rouge, but not room(there is no such root in Russian at all).

society(s) opinion

What should be in place of the dash?

Verbal adjectives and participles in full form

There are three conditions when any of which in the full passive past participle or adjective is written nn.

1. Participle (or adjective) formed from a verb with a prefix(except for attachment not- which does not affect the quantity n in the word).

frightened, loaded, baked

But: unafraid, uninvited

Exceptions: named (brother; with emphasis on the second syllable), planted (father; replacing the parent of the groom or bride at the wedding), dowry (this is a noun formed by moving the adjective into the category of nouns), smart.

Important: the spelling of verbal adjectives in compound words does not change.

Compare:
fresh-frozen (without a prefix, so one is written n) - freshly frozen (with a prefix, therefore it is written nn)
plain-colored (without a prefix, so one is written n) - smooth-colored (with a prefix, therefore it is written nn)

2. Communion has dependent words(except for words indicating the degree of manifestation of the trait: very , very etc.).

a wagon loaded with sand, an apple baked in the oven

3. Participle (or adjective) formed from the perfective verb .

abandoned (throw), given (give), bought (buy), deprived (deprive), decided (decide)

These three conditions do not cover participles and adjectives without dependent words formed from imperfective verbs without prefixes. There are two rules here, of which there are many exceptions.

Rule 1 If the participle (or verbal adjective) ends in - ovated , — fucked up, spelled nn .

Examples: spoiled, lined, uprooted

But: this rule does not apply if - ov -, — ev- are part of the root (in words chewed, forged, pecked).

Rule 2 If the adjective is formed with suffixes - en -, — n- from an imperfective verb without a prefix, in the absence of dependent words it is written n .

Examples: laden, mowed, baked, baked, frozen, torn, confused, stolen

But: In some adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, it is written nn .

Examples: desired, active

Adjectives and participles in short form

In the short form of adjectives, the same number is written n how much and in full.

significant change ⇒ significant change

windy girl ⇒ windy girl

well-mannered girl ⇒ well-mannered girl

In short passive participles, one letter is always written n .

The deed is already done.

Mission successfully completed.

Short adjectives and short participles must be distinguished by meaning.

Compare:
His face is agitated (adjective) - The sea is agitated by the wind (participle)
This teacher is always reserved (adjective) - The oath was kept (participle)

Spelling Н and НН in different parts of speech

Spelling Н and НН in nouns

1. nn it is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix starts with n: elder-nick (elderberry), squad-nick (druzhina), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (purse), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash-nick (mountain ash); dowry-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitated-awn (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), covetousness (coy), spoiled-awn (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (expelled), konn-itsa (equestrian), root-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), inadvertent-ost (unexpected), educated-ost (educated), public-ik (public), organized-ost ( organized), captive-ik (prisoner), sent-ik (sent), privileged-ost (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik (millet), craft-ik (handicraft), related-ik (related ), priest-ik (sacred), seed-ik (seed), own-ik (own), modern-ik (modern), coherent-awn (harmonized), fog-awn (foggy).

2. H written in words: crimson-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-awn, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp) , smoked-ost (smoked), bone-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), mudren-ost (tricky), oat-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), smart-awn (intelligent) and etc., as well as in the words olsha-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominative adjectives (formed from a noun)

1) for adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.) can also be included here: temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In adjective windy one is written n , since it is not formed from the noun wind, but from the verb wind with a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, weathered- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives with a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of the sign: tall, hefty, broad and etc;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns based on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long(length), true(true), millionth(million), vintage(old), canvas(canvas) and etc.

Type adjectives lamb, carp, seal written from one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem on n by adding a suffix - j - .

The words spicy, ruddy, youthful are written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, blush, blush, youth(but: junior, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. H is written with adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, aquiline, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas) silver, wood burning and etc.

Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

a) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - trans. (windy girl, youth); wind- “driven by the force of the wind” (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chicken pox, the adjective has a suffix -yan- , compare: chickenpox- open;

b) oily oiled, lubricated, oiled butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: oily week - carnival); oil- "for oil, from oil, on oil" ( oil cookie, oil paint, oil engine, pump etc.); compare: oily bottle("designed for oil") and oily bottle("soiled with oil");

in) silver- "subjected to silvering, covered with silver" (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” (salted fish); hydrochloric- "consisting of salt" ( salt mine, hydrochloric pillar). In combination hydrochloric acid in the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- .

Spelling Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles

Full Forms

Spelled with nn suffixes of the full forms of passive past participles: -nn- and -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative with them in form are written in some cases also with nn in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Spelled with nn participles and adjectives -wounded, -wounded, -wounded(formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate), For example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.

2. They are also written with nn communion not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs perfect look and related adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, roasted, scribbled, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, untangled, made.

b) A list of forms of native non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, ventured, offended, found, obligated, visited, supplied.

Forms are written according to this rule. two-species(meaning both perfect and imperfect) verbs to marry, to bequeath, to promise, to execute, to give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. are written with one n correlative adjectives with participial forms in the following stable combinations: dead man, named brother, named sister, planted father, planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Communions are not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives - with one n , For example: wagons laden with firewood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a barber and short-cropped hair, benches dyed with green paint, a floor not swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, money counted more than once, an offer made many times; but: loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, cropped hair, painted benches, swept floors, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; likewise knitted and knitted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, brushed and peeled; are also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and chiseled, forged and forged.

According to this rule, the forms of two-part verbs are written concuss, baptize and hurt. Wed: soldier shell-shocked in the head, seriously wounded soldier, soldier wounded in the leg, just baptized baby, but: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the sacrament. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed (obviously artificial where the word clearly used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint (walls used to be white).

In words with the prefix non-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or a repetition combination) use .

1. Words with a prefix not- :

Spelled with nn : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Spelled with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, undyed, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, uncounted.

2. Compound words:

Spelled with nn : Highly Skilled, Solid Forged, Acquired, Freshly Painted, Purposeful, Born Blind, Insane;

Spelled with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, self-styled, seriously wounded, one-piece .

3. Combinations-repetitions with a prefix re- in the second part, having amplifying value. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n ), For example:

Spelled with nn : mortgaged-re-mortgaged, solved-resolved ;

Spelled with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-mended, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Spelled with nn instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, longed and (as part of stable combinations) seen case?; is it a heard thing? They are formed from imperfective verbs wish, wait and see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on spilled sea; they are formed from prefixed imperfective verbs put on, pour, i.e. from verbs with the suffix — wa- , which naturally do not form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, unseen, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, homegrown and (as part of own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: chitan, chitana, chitano, chitany; read, read, read, read; labeled, labeled, labeled, labeled; marked, marked, marked, marked. The forms of the neuter gender are also written in impersonal usage, for example: smoky, littered, worn, worn, worn-run, worn-crossed .

Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: educated, educated, educated(from adjective educated‘discovering the results of a good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to the fulfillment of his whims’); lofty, lofty, exalted(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). These adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She is spoiled for good conditions – She is naughty and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives on -ny written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ She is very attached to him; filled with something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is full of sorrow; heard of something‘well-informed’ We've heard about his tricks..

Some adjectives have differently spelled short forms in different meanings. For example, different spellings of short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and dedicated and She is dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, exalted, it has a comparative degree more devoted; the second is the same as attached, performed, heard(requires dependent words: someone, something).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing various emotional states, can be written with n or with nn depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she gets excited) Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, the spelling excited impossible (because speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic Russian Spelling Dictionary.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with participles on -ny, are written with n or nn depending on the value. Adjectives expressing signs that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e., forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-bred, -nno, -nny; well-maintained, -nno, -nny; self-confident, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no(there are comparative forms more well-bred, more comfortable, self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -ny; interdependent, -but, -ny; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -us(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one n , are written in the same way as full ones. For example: done, done, done(from done‘unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scholar, scholar, scholar(from scientist‘thoroughly knowing something’). Comparative forms are written in the same way ( smarter, more confused, more learned) and adverbs on -about (done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few; the vast majority of correlative adjectives with participles in -ny have no qualitative value; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled etc.

SPELLING H-NN IN ADVERSE SUFFIXES

Adverbs for -about , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with a double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

Spelled with nn : unintentionally, unheard of(from accidental, unheard), excitedly, excitement (excited), confidently;

Spelled with n : confused (talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned (very learned), windy (it's windy outside today).

H and HH in participles

Passive past participles are formed using suffixes
-nn-/-enn-, therefore, when writing, they are often confused with verbal adjectives, making characteristic mistakes. For the correct use of n and nn in participles, you must remember:

two letters n are written in suffixes of the full passive participles of the past tense.

One n in participles, it is written only in cases where the participle is used in a short form.

Table Spelling Features n and nn in participles

Topic quiz

Did not like? - Write in the comments what is missing.

• 1. Victoria Neumann - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
• 2. Bulat Sadykov - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
• 3. Daria Volkova - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.

Three lucky people who passed at least 1 test:

• 1. Natalia Starostina - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
• 2. Nikolai Z - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.
• 3. David Melnikov - a bookstore gift card for 500 rubles.

The cards are electronic (code), they will be sent in the coming days by Vkontakte message or e-mail.

Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives

This video tutorial is available by subscription

Do you already have a subscription? To come in



From the lesson "Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives" you will learn new rules of the Russian language for you. To write a word correctly, you will need to answer a series of questions. The answer to each of them will help you quickly decide how to write the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives correctly.

Repetition. Spelling of one and two letters H in adjective suffixes formed from nouns

To remember this rule, consider the following verse:

I write in nominal HH

I'm on junction of two morphemes

Or in suffixes - he N-/-enn-,

And also in the words of the window,

Each of us knows:

Wooden, tin and of course glass.

AT -in-, —en-, —yang-

Only one H write -

Spelling algorithm Н or НН in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives

1. See if the word has a suffix -ova- or - Eve-.

- if such a suffix there is write nn

ballnn th

risknn th

Note. In words chewed, forged-yova- and -ova- are part of the root.

- if such a suffix No see next paragraph

2. See if there is a word prefix (Besides prefixes not- and semi-).

- if prefix there is write nn

chewing nn th

kova nn th

The prefix itself not- does not affect the spelling of one or two letters H in suffixes, but there may be another prefix in the word. For example, in the word not about chewed there are two attachments not- and pro-), so in this case two letters are written in the suffix H .

- if prefixes No see next paragraph

3. See if the word has dependent words, that is, those words to which you can ask questions, for example:



- if dependent words there is write nn



- if dependent words No check if the word is included in the lists of exception words, in which one or two are always written H

Always write two letters H in words:



Always write one letter H in words:

writing n oh beauty

conche n th man

easier n oh sunday

If points 1-3 of the algorithm gave a negative answer, and your word was not in the lists of exclusion words, you need to proceed to a deeper check.

4. Look at what verb the word is formed from.

imperfect form write one letter n

scrap n th line(from imperfective verb break)

- if it is formed from a verb perfect look write nn

purchased toys(from perfective verb buy)

Word wounded (wounded) can be written with one or two letters H . If it is an adjective, then it is written with one n , and if participle, then it is written with two. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the word.

Adjective wounded stands for permanent sign of quality, and participle wounded stands for temporary sign. For example:

Wounded soldiers were talking and joking.

In this case wounded- this is an adjective, denotes a permanent feature, the quality of a noun soldiers.

Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks for another half an hour.

In this case wounded- this is a participle, denotes a temporary sign.

Note:

- in combinations like ironed - ironed, worn - worn write one letter n because these words are considered adjectives.

- in compound words formed from verbal adjectives and participles, the same number of letters is written n , how many in the original words:

fresh-frozen n th and fresh-frozen nn th

- in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same number of letters is also written n, how many in the original words:

brought up nn ik

elect nn ik

slower nn about

ice cold n oh

smoked n awn

Н and НН in short participles and short adjectives

In short participles, one letter is always written H. In short adjectives formed from verbs, two letters H. For example:

Children brought up n s father.

In this case brought up- This is a short introduction.

Children brought up nn s and education nn s.

In this case brought up and educated- verbal adjectives in short form.

How to distinguish between a short participle in front of us or a short adjective? It is necessary to recall the morphological features of these two parts of speech. The participle expresses a sign as the result of an action. The short form of the participle can be replaced by a verb combination. For example:

The children are raised by their father. – The children were raised by their father.

A short adjective can only be replaced by a full one. It denotes the quality of an item:

Children are raised and educated. (And also smart, beautiful, talented)

We have short adjectives.

pavementnn th road- in the word paved have a suffix -ova-, so it is written nn;

glass nn veranda- in the word glazed there is a prefix behind-, so it is written nn;

more beautiful n bench- word painted derived from the verb paint, this is an imperfective verb, so we write one letter n;

more beautiful nn mistress- in the word without makeup there is a prefix not-, but after this prefix there is still a prefix on the-, so we write two letters n;

bench painted yesterday- at the word painted there is a dependent word ( yesterday), so we write nn.

Bibliography

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. – 13th ed. – M.: Bustard, 2009.
2. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. – 34th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 2012.
3. "Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". / Ed. Pimenova S.N. – 19th ed. – M.: Bustard, 2012.
4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. – M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

Homework

Chopped vegetables, impromptu performance, uninvited guest, dyed hair, missed chance, hand-crushed grapes

The grasses sown in the fallow field sprouted well. The harvesting of the sowing grasses has begun. The table for the invited guests was covered with a knitted tablecloth. There were few guests for the evening, only close friends came. The city was landscaped with asphalt and cobblestone roads. It was difficult to drive along the weak road.

The dress is made from plain dyed fabric. Delivered fresh frozen meat. Among the museum treasures was a precious golden box.

All the attention of the audience is focused on the development of the action of the play. The student's face is serious and concentrated_o. The aspirations of our youth are exalted. Many ordinary people were elevated by Peter 1. The area is limited by mountains. Gogol's Korobochka was very limited. The sea is agitated by a strong wind. The young man's face is excited.

H and HH in participles
and verbal adjectives

if participles are formed from prefixed verbs: subtracted the manuscript, pasted the picture, painted the fence, walked the path, watched the film;

if the sacraments have a dependent word with them: a recently mowed meadow, a painting painted three years ago, a roof painted by a house painter, a cobbled road;

if participles are formed from non-prefixed verbs of the perfect form: abandoned (throw), yes (give), executed (execute), bought (buy), deprived (deprive), captivated (captivate) .

if adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs (without prefixes, not containing suffixes -ovann-, -ёvann-): white house (to whiten is an imperfect verb), rabid dog, boiled potatoes, crow steel , red-hot bayonet, dried berry;

if adjectives do not have a dependent word with them: painted floor (but: oil-painted floor), loaded barge (but: sand-laden barge).

Note. The distinction between passive participles and verbal adjectives in some cases is carried out not only by the presence or absence of prefixes and dependent words, but also by meaning. For example, in the phrases that ‘captive oven and melted fat, the signs denoted by the words that ‘captive and melted’ are of different properties: in the first case, the verbal meaning is preserved (there is a time limit), i.e. the definition is expressed by the participle; in the second case, a constant sign is named (cf. also: baked milk, melted butter), that is, the definition is expressed by an adjective. A semantic difference is also observed in such sentences: Being wounded, the commander still gave orders (the word being introduces a temporary meaning into the form wounded, thereby reinforcing its verbality). - Soldiers appeared at the edge, carrying out killed and wounded comrades (the sign is indicated by an adjective).

In short passive participles, in contrast to the full participles, it is written H, in short verbal adjectives, as in denominatives, it is written NN:

with a short participle, there is (or is thought of) a noun in the form of the instrumental case with the meaning of the agent; cf .: The territory near the new house is not yet landscaped on a (communion). - The territory near the new house was small, uncomfortable nn a (adjective); Sons were always lucky, and they were spoiled by fate (communion). - The sons were capricious and spoiled nn s (adjective); The article has been read for taping (communion). - The girl was musical and well-read nn a (adjective); The population was excited about the message on the radio. — The sea is agitated today;

short passive participles are used in constructions with a dependent infinitive: The student intends to answer the question; with dependent addition: Athletes were sure of victory; (but: The throws of the basketball players were accurate and sure - without addition).

Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in a short form are written with n (if they are formed from prefixed verbs, which makes them closer to participles): Her eyes were tearful (cf .: crying eyes); His coat was worn out (a worn coat).

Note 2. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many n are written as they were in the generating basis: educated th), put nnik (set th) (on the formation of the word “protege”, see “Suffixes of adjectives formed from verbs”, pr. 1), varenik (boiled), smoked osti (smoked th ), martyr (tormented), ice cream (from the adjective ice cream - to freeze); organized to enter (organized), confused to answer (confusing), surprised to look (surprised).

• Article 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of taxes, fees payable by an organization, and (or) insurance premiums payable by an organization paying insurance premiums New version of Art. 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 1. Evasion of […]
• Rules in psychotherapy There are no universal rules for psychotherapy, but there is a code of ethics for the therapist, boundaries of the setting, and a therapeutic contract. Here are some of these rules: The therapist concludes with the client […]
• New pensions, benefits and salaries. What awaits the Russians in 2018 For the first eight days of 2018, the country is resting, celebrating the New Year and Christmas holidays. However, as early as January 1, a number of new laws come into force […]
• COMPLAINT PRIVATE Economy and law: a dictionary-reference book. - M.: University and school. L. P. Kurakov, V. L. Kurakov, A. L. Kurakov. 2004 See what "Private Complaint" is in other dictionaries: COMPLAINT PRIVATE - PRIVATE COMPLAINT ... […]
• Law of the Samara Region of July 6, 2015 N 74-GD "On the delimitation of powers between the local governments of the Samara city district and intracity districts of the Samara city district in resolving issues of local […]
• What is the difference between a cassation appeal and a supervisory appeal? I was issued a decision by the inspector, which I appealed to the district court, which decided to leave it in force. It was further appealed to the Supreme Court, which also ruled […]

The topic of the Russian language "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes when creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.

Part of speech definition

They call the significant, which denotes a non-procedural feature of the subject, and also acts in the sentence as a definition or nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “what?”, “what?”, “what?”, And also “whose?” and what?".

general information

"The spelling of 'n' and 'nn' in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters "n" you need to write in a particular case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should you put -nn-:

Which adjectives that are derived from nouns use "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough for a competent drafting of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. In this case, these are the words "glass", "wood" and "tin". 2 letters "nn" are written in them, and they should be remembered.
2. In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Let's take an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, pig, young and united.

How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?

2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any feature. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix non-almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in the adjective with, one should not write the same number of letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (connected, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Here is an example: an organized excursion, uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed and forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, woven from twigs).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word "wounded".

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, there are also short forms in Russian. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally figure out how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yang- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made from a certain material." For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Windmill, that is, “driven by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from "windmill".

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (buttered porridge). Oily, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, "subjected to silvering" (silver device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salt, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt column).

Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in- written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation related.Exception : windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the base on -n with a suffix -n-, written two -n-:pictorial (kartin -a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have a prefix: sun plowed, from boiled(but: with a thoughtful boy, named brother);

2) if they have dependent words: Varnn aya on milk;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: marinated, asphalted;

4) if the word is formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb (except wounded):deprived;

In short participles, one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- and -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

educated, participle from the verb "educate"; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up oh, brought up and educated, adjective; short form: educated, educated, educated, educated.

How to distinguish? It is possible in meaning, but it is easier to try to substitute the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother and Masha is educated, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case, the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, and in the second, it is quite real. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- in difficult adjectives obeys the general rule: plain dyed (paint, imperfect species); plain dyed (paint, perfect view).

adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: went in an organized manner.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many -n-, how many of them were in the production basis: pupil ( from ‘ educated’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- are written in all words formed from the bases on -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foamy (pen-a + n-th), hexagon (six + face b + n ik).

Tasks.

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by a full form of sophistication ... th. We determine the spelling of the full form: sophistication ... th is formed from the verb to find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH. Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective, formed from the imperfective verb to bridge. The prefix non- does not affect spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA / -EVA, there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The machine is underloaded (3) but (what has been done?). This is a short participle, since it can be replaced by the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written. Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.

In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures more closely (1) with smeared (2) soot faces, a girl's figure in a snow-white dress with plaited (3) sleeves stands out brightly.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one letter H is written?

In the painting “Kermessa”, Rubens depicted a crowd of hot (1) townspeople, desperate (2) about dancing beche (3) dance.

First you need to understand what form is an adjective:

Then you need to find out what part of speech the word is formed from noun or from verb.

Full form
I. Adjectives from nouns		II. Adjectives from verbs (participles)
-N-	-HH-	-N-	-HH-
-an, -yan, -in lion - lion salt - hydrochloric leather - leather ! Glass tin wooden	1. -onn, -enn revolution - revolutionary foliage - leafy ! Windy But - windless 2. H+H = sleepy+ny BUT! young, ruddy, pork, spicy, drunk, filthy, green, blue. The words also belong to the primitives: single, pheasant, raven, ram, carp, seals, peacock, crimson, zealous, bulany. 3. MY = enn temporary (time)	1. without prefix frozen catfish (from freeze) not frozen semi frozen	1. with prefix behind frozen catfish 2. dependent word frozen mom catfish 3. suf. ova, eva, irova marinated asphalted ! forged, chewed, pecked ! desired, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected
short form
1. The meaning of the action (what is done?) - "N" raised by a father, excited by the storm		2. The meaning of the sign (what are they?) - see the full form: how many "n" in the full, so much in the short. They brought up nn s and education nn s (educated and educated).

Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles"

• Spelling participles - Communion Grade 7

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1

• Spelling participles, participial turnover

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2

• Spelling of adjectives - Adjective 6th grade

  Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1

• adjective as a part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech Grade 10