The concept of orthoepy.

Parameter name	Meaning
Article subject:	The concept of orthoepy.
Rubric (thematic category)	Literature

Orthoepy from the Greek orthos - direct, correct, epos - speech.

This is a set of rules for standard literary pronunciation.

The section of linguistics that studies these rules of Russian orthoepy establishes the norms for the pronunciation of individual sounds and their combinations, as well as the norms and rules for setting stress (accentology).

The main norms for the pronunciation of the Russian literary language developed in the 17th century, but only by the end of the 19th century did these norms become national. With the transfer of the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg (early 18th century), the emergence of St. Petersburg pronunciation in Russian orthoepy is associated.

There are styles of high, neutral and colloquial outside the literary norms of colloquial style.

Tall - slow and careful pronunciation (theater).

Neutral - ϶ᴛᴏ our everyday speech in compliance with all orthoepic norms at a faster rate of pronunciation.

Colloquial characterized by great emotionality, even faster pace and less strict adherence to the rules of literary pronunciation.

Orthoepy - ϶ᴛᴏ a set of speech rules that establish a uniform literary pronunciation.

Orthoepy studies variants of the pronunciation norms of the literary language and develops orthoepic recommendations, rules for the use of these variants.

Allowing several options, orthoepy indicates what place each of these options occupies in literary pronunciation. Pronunciation options may belong to different styles.

So for high the style is characterized by squealing: in [e and] sleep, vz[e and] la

pronunciation of unstressed [o] nocturne,

solid consonant before e - program [e] ss, [de] induction.

AT neutral style is pronounced:

in [and] sleep, vz [and] la

n [a] cturne

program "[e] ss, [d" induction].

AT colloquial speech, there is a loss of vowels and consonants: wire - provo [lk] a, some - not [kt] orye, in general - in [a] generally, a thousand - [tysh], when - [kada].

Orthoepy - ϶ᴛᴏ a section of linguistics that studies the norms of pronunciation of individual sounds, combinations of sounds, as well as the features of the pronunciation of sounds in any grammatical forms, groups of words or in individual words.

Russian literary pronunciation in its historical development.

The orthoepy of the modern Russian literary language is a historically established system, which, along with new features, to a large extent preserves the old, traditional features.

At the root of the traditional orthoepic norms of the Russian literary language lies the so-called Moscow vernacular, which has developed as a result of the interaction of North Great Russian and South Great Russian dialects.

For example, akanye (indistinction in 1 pre-stressed syllable [a] [o]) came out of the South Great Russian dialects in the literary language, and the explosive pronunciation [g] came out of the North Great Russian dialects.

Settled by the 17th century as a fairly uniform system, Moscow pronunciation eventually becomes exemplary for all of Russia.

At the same time, Moscow pronunciation was subjected at different times to a noticeable influence of pronunciation features characteristic of individual large cultural centers.

This is how pronunciation features developed that were unusual for the Moscow orthoepic norm. The most pronounced were the features of pronunciation in St. Petersburg - the cultural center and capital of Russia in the 18-19 centuries.

So, under the influence of the St. Petersburg pronunciation, soft back-lingual consonants [g "k" x "] in the forms of adjectives became widespread in the literary language: strict, loud, quiet, instead of the old Moscow norm of pronunciation of hard consonants.

With the development and strengthening of the national Russian language, Moscow pronunciation acquired the character and significance of national pronunciation norms.

The old Russian orthoepic system developed in this way has survived in its basic features to the present day, but in a number of cases literary norms have undergone changes for various reasons.

Sources of deviations from the norms of literary pronunciation.

1. The main source of variants of deviations from the norms of literary pronunciation is the native dialect of the speaker.

For example, speakers of South Russian dialects often violate the literary norm by pronouncing fricative [Ɣ] instead of explosive [r].

2. The second reason for the deviation from literary pronunciation is writing, since we become familiar with the literary language through writing, through reading literature, which leads to the emergence of pronunciation in accordance with what is written.

For example, as a result of letter-by-letter pronunciation, one can hear [h "] in the words: what, to, boring, of course. But on the other hand, deviations can win the right to exist and then are the source of the development of variants of norms: I dare [s] and I dare [ with"].

3. Deviations from the literary pronunciation are also caused by the influence of the phonetic system of another language: Ukrainian lu[dm]i.

Orthoepic norms in the region. vowels.

1. In literary pronunciation, akanye prevails - indistinguishability or coincidence in 1 pre-stressed syllable of consonants [o], [a]. We always pronounce [s / sleep] [d / bro].

2.hiccup - coincidence [a, o, e] in 1 pre-stressed syllable after soft consonants with [ and e]: [in "and e / sleep].

3. Difficulties are the pronunciation [o, a] in 1 pre-stressed syllable after hissing [zh, sh, c].

According to old Moscow norms, the sound s should be pronounced here, which is preserved in some words: [zhy e / let], unfortunately [s e] leniya, losh [s e] dey, zh [s e] ket, twenty [s e] ti .

In most cases, according to modern standards, it is pronounced: walk, cap, queen ...

4. Proclitics and enclitics may not obey the norms of vowel reduction:

those forests [t "e / l" and e / sa]

you yes me [you d/a]

Pronunciation of consonants.

1. Look at the topic ʼʼPositioning the alternation of consonantsʼʼ.

2. The sound [g] in Russian is explosive and at the end of words it changes to [k]: [druk] [out]

Exception: [boh] [ɣ o / sp / d "and].

3. All consonants before [e] become soft: [be / lyi] [t "em] [mu / z" ei].

In some foreign words, consonants remain solid: par [te] r, o [te] l.

It is extremely important to check the hardness and softness of the pronunciation of consonants using orthoepic dictionaries.

Pronunciation of consonant combinations.

1. In the place of orthoepic combinations [ch] in a number of words [shn] is pronounced: of course, on purpose, laundry birdhouse, Ilyinichna.

In some words, in addition to the old Moscow pronunciation, a new, letter-by-letter pronunciation is also possible: [ch] - bakery, dairy, buckwheat.

But in most cases, in particular in book words and in neoplasms, [ch] is pronounced: scientific, milky, streaming, filming.

2. In the word ʼʼwhatʼʼ and its derivatives, [w] is pronounced: something, something.

The exception is the word ʼʼsomethingʼʼ, and in the word ʼʼnothingʼʼ a double pronunciation is possible.

3.Combinations ts, dts at the junction of morphemes, less often in roots, it is pronounced like [ts]:

[/tsy] [brothers] [two/ qt "].

4.Combinations ts at the junction of verb endings and suffix Xia pronounced as [c]: I dare [c] a.

Combinations ts, ds (in combinations tsk, dsk, tstv, dstv) at the junction of the root and suffix are pronounced like [c] without longitude: bra [c] cue, city [c] koy.

5. Combinations tch, dh at the junction of morphemes are pronounced as [h]: pilot [l "o / chik].

6. The combinations of sch, zch at the junction of the root and the suffix are worn out as [w] or [sh]: scribe, customer.

Pronunciation of borrowed words.

1. In some borrowed words, the pronunciation of unstressed [o] is allowed: adagio, boa, bolero.

2. Earlier in Russian, only soft consonants could be before [e] (except w, w, c). Now this pattern is dying out - in many borrowed words only solid consonants are pronounced: antenna, business, delta͵ cafe.

In some words, a double pronunciation is acceptable - with hard and soft consonants: gene [e] tika, dean, tent.

3. When combining morphemes of identical consonants at the junction, a double (long) consonant is usually pronounced: push away, import, push.

Topic number 17. Graphics.

Plan.

1. The concept of graphics.

2.Alphabets of Russian languages.

3. The syllabic principle of Russian graphics.

4. Correlation between letters and sounds. Letter meanings.

The concept of orthoepy. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "The concept of orthoepy." 2017, 2018.

The concept of orthoepy is known to everyone from school. What is this branch of science? What does orthoepy study? The answers to these and other questions will be provided below.

The concept of orthoepy

The word "orthoepy" has Greek roots and means "the ability to speak correctly." However, not everyone realizes that the term has a double meaning. The first - as a set of norms of the language, the second - associated with one of the sections of linguistics, the purpose of which is to study the rules of oral speech.

The full scope of the concept of "orthoepy" has not been established so far. Many linguists define the presented concept too narrowly, and therefore confusion may arise in expert circles. As a rule, norms and definitions of oral speech, grammatical forms and rules can be embedded in the term. The norms of orthoepy establish, first of all, the correct pronunciation of certain words and the placement of stresses in words.

Sections of orthoepy

It is very important to note that orthoepy is a branch of phonetics - one of the departments of linguistics aimed at studying the sound construction of a language. At the same time, orthoepy covers almost the entire phonetic system of the language.

The subject of orthoepy is the norms of pronunciation of words and phrases. What is a "norm"? All experts and specialists in the field of linguistics agree that the only correct variant is called the norm of the language, which completely coincides with the main laws of the Russian pronunciation system.

The following sections of orthoepy as a science can be distinguished:

• pronunciation of words borrowed from other languages;
• features of pronunciation styles;
• features of the pronunciation of certain forms of grammar;
• pronunciation of vowels or consonants in accordance with the norms.

A competent combination of all the presented sections just forms the concept of orthoepy.

Orthoepic norms

Orthoepic norms, or, as they are also called, speech norms, form the entire modern literary language and are necessary just to serve a literate, classical Russian language. An educated and cultured person always uses literary norms in his speech. Thanks to certain rules for the pronunciation of certain sounds, high-quality communication between people is established.

It is also worth noting that along with orthoepic norms, there are grammatical and spelling norms. If people pronounce certain words differently, we would hardly be able to understand each other or transmit any important information. To analyze the speech of the interlocutor, to understand oral messages, one cannot do without orthoepic norms.

Of course, over time, people are increasingly moving away from the established rules of pronunciation. Only literate people with a really good education try not to deviate from orthoepic norms.

Goals, objectives and meaning of orthoepy

What does orthoepy study? The answer has already been provided above - sounds and competent placement of stress. In principle, the same can be attributed to the main goal of the section of linguistics under consideration. Very often we hear the wrong pronunciation of words. For example, instead of the word "corridor", many say "kolidor", instead of "stool" - "tubaret", etc. The tasks of orthoepic science include teaching the classical, literate pronunciation of words.

The sin of incorrect pronunciation of words is mainly the elderly or villagers. It would seem, what could be the problem here? Unfortunately, the younger generation living in such families often adopts the manner of incorrect pronunciation of words. But wrong, distorted speech has never been in vogue. This is where the study of orthoepy in schools becomes necessary. Students acquire knowledge about the literary language, which today is practically indispensable anywhere: neither in politics, nor in business, nor in any other direction of work.

The value of orthoepy, therefore, is incredibly great: this branch of science corrects the dialect and helps to develop a literate, classical Russian language.

Orthoepic styles

Having dealt with the question of why you need to study orthoepy, it is worth moving on to no less important problems. They concern the stylization of the considered section of linguistics.

What can be said about the so-called styles of speech? Orthoepy is a very extensive science, constantly adapting to existing realities. She easily accepts the appearance of neologisms as a given, because there simply cannot be any rigid framework or dogmas here. That is why many experts try to be guided by a special classification, according to which orthoepic norms are divided into two main styles:

• colloquial speech. If it is implemented in compliance with all the necessary rules, then its use is not prohibited, and even quite justified;
• scientific speech. It is a very strict language, forbidding the use of many colloquial expressions. It is strictly verified, and its main feature is the clarity of pronunciation.

Many experts in the field of linguistics distinguish some other groups of styles.

Orthoepy rules

It is also worth mentioning some rules, without which the orthoepic section of science simply would not exist. In order to answer questions about what orthoepy studies, what sections of the language it is associated with, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of special rules.

All literary orthoepic norms are divided into two main types:

• rules for pronunciation of consonants or vowels (“com[p] yuter”, “[t" e] rmin”, etc.);
• stress rule (“call”, “oblige”, etc.).

What does orthoepy study, what are its features? For any orthoepic norm, the following features are characteristic:

• variability;
• stability;
• general obligation;
• compliance with linguistic traditions.

It is very important to note that the rules of pronunciation are established in the course of centuries of practice. They must comply with the traditions of the classical Russian language. Orthoepic norms are not invented by linguists. These scientists rather control them.

Pronunciation of consonants

Having dealt with what orthoepy studies, as well as with what this science is generally needed for, it is worth finally paying attention to something more specific. What can be said about the pronunciation of consonants in the orthoepic section of linguistics? For example, here are a few basic rules:

• in the Russian language, there has long been a tendency for the sounds [ch] and [shn] to converge: of course, boring, on purpose, etc.;
• pronunciation of solid [zh] instead of [zzh] - I drive, squeal, splash, etc .;
• the sound [w] is often used in some words with the combination [th]: what, to, etc.

It is the rules presented that best illustrate the answer to the question of why orthoepy is needed. At the same time, many norms imply other rules for setting consonants. What about vowel sounds?

Vowel pronunciation

All norms in orthoepy are built, first of all, on the basis of phonetic patterns. In the case of vowel sounds, it is worth highlighting, for example, the rules for pronouncing [o] or [e] after soft consonants (we are talking about the unjustified pronunciation of the letter Y: ice, maneuvers, guardianship, settled, etc.), as well as difficulties with choosing a vowel sound after hard sibilants.

Thus, the question of why it is necessary to study orthoepy immediately disappears after illustrating the basic rules and examples of the pronunciation of certain words.

The section is very easy to use. In the proposed field, just enter the desired word, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-building dictionaries. Here you can also get acquainted with examples of the use of the word you entered.

To find

The meaning of the word orthoepy

orthoepy in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

orthoepy

orthoepy, g. (from Greek orthos - correct and epos - speech) (lingu.). Rules for exemplary pronunciation. Russian orthoepy. Orthoepy lessons. ? Compliance with these rules. Pay attention to students' spelling.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

orthoepy

Rules of literary pronunciation.

This is the correct pronunciation.

adj. orthoepic, -th, -th. orthoepic norms.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

orthoepy

The system of exemplary norms of literary pronunciation.

Compliance with such rules of pronunciation.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

orthoepy

ORPHEPY (from Greek orthos - correct and epos - speech)

a set of pronunciation norms of the national language, ensuring the uniformity of its sound design.

A branch of linguistics that studies normative literary pronunciation.

Orthoepy

(Greek orthoépeia, from orthós ≈ correct and épos ≈ speech), a set of norms of the national language that ensure the unity of its sound design. The uniformity of the sound design of oral speech contributes (as well as spelling) to quick and easy language communication. The concept of O. includes pronunciation and norms of supersegmental phonetics (stress, tone, etc.). Pronunciation covers the phonetic system of the language, i.e. the composition of phonemes, their quality and implementation under certain conditions, as well as the sound design of individual words and grammatical forms (for example, pl [a] silence, and not pl [o] silence, [w] then, not [h] then). The meaning of the norms of supersegmental phonetics for O. is different in different languages. For example, for the Russian language, the stress associated with the formation of grammatical forms is of great importance. Some scholars include the formation of variant grammatical forms (for example, “tractors” or “tractors”) in the composition of vocabulary. O. develops historically along with the formation of the national language, when various forms of public speech develop and the share of oral speech in the life of society increases. At the same time, in different national languages ​​and in different eras, the degree of rigor and uniformity of language norms and their sociolinguistic significance are very different. O.'s rules have their own long history and take shape as the norms of the national language usually late. The norms of orthography of the Russian language took shape in their most important features as early as the first half of the 17th century. as the norms of the Moscow dialect, which only with the development and strengthening of the national language began to acquire the character of national norms. They finally took shape in the second half of the 19th century, although in a number of cases there were fluctuations. The norms of clothing that existed before the October Revolution of 1917 have largely been preserved; only some private rules have changed, assimilative softness has decreased ([d] ve, [h] believe next to [d] ve, [h] believe), pronunciation has come closer in a number of ways to spelling. Of great importance in the development of O. was the theater, cultivating the norms of O. in its purest form. Stage speech in many languages ​​is the basis of orthoepic norms. O.'s value increases with the development of sound films, radio, and television.

Lit .: Ushakov D.N., Russian orthoepy and its tasks, in the book: Russian speech, v. 3, L., 1928; Shcherba L.V., On the norms of exemplary Russian pronunciation, "Russian language at school", 1936, ╧5; his, Phonetics of the French language, L., 1939; Vinokur G., Russian stage pronunciation, M., 1948; Avanesov R. I., Russian literary pronunciation, 5th ed., M., 1972; Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary-reference book, M., 1959;. Siebs Th., Deutsche Bühnenaussprache-Hochsprache, 14 Aufl., Koln, 1927; Grammont M., Traite pratique de prononciation française, 9 ed, P., 1938;. Jones D., An outline of English phonetics, 9 ed., Camb., 1960; his own, An English pronouncing dictionary, 10 ed., L., 1955; Michaelis H. et Passy P., Dictionnaire phonétique de la langue française, 2 ed., Hannover ≈ B. ≈ P., 1914; Viëtor W., Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, 3 Aufl., Lpz., 1921.

R. I. Avanesov.

Wikipedia

Orthoepy

Orthoepy- a set of rules of oral speech, fixed in the literary language. Different authors interpret the concept of orthoepy slightly differently, the "broad" approach includes the norms of pronunciation and stress, the "narrow" approach excludes stress from the rules of orthoepy.

Orthoepic norms are very important in speech activity, since incorrect pronunciation or stress distract attention from the meaning of the statement, make it difficult to understand, and often simply make an unpleasant impression on the listener.

Examples of the use of the word orthoepy in the literature.

The Kufis, on the other hand, were analysts who allowed for the possibility of a number of deviations, especially in the field of syntax, who were guided by colloquial speech and considered the standard of Arabic orthoepy Hijaz dialect.

He raises questions about the reliance of grammar on literature as the primary source of material, the role of grammar in solving problems of spelling and orthoepy, in the creation of new poetic creations, in the criticism of literary texts.

Prison song, despite many errors in orthoepy, always has a sincere character.

From Cioran, as we would call it, if we were guided by the Romanian orthoepy, became Sioran.

The orthoepic norm is one of two aspects of the pronunciation norm and determines the use of phonemes, the order in which they appear in a word, that is, the normative phonemic composition of a word, similarly, which determines the normative alphabetic composition of words in writing. The second aspect pronounces, norms - orthophony(orthophony) - establishes the normative implementation of sound functional units, i.e., the rules for pronouncing allophones of phonemes. So, the use of hard or soft reflexives in, for example, or, the pronunciation of the word sept in as, and is not regulated by the rules of orthoepy, and the requirement to pronounce | j | in Russian at the end of a word as sonorant, not voiceless noisy or |l | in front and |j | somewhat softer (the so-called light version of the phoneme) than before consonants and at the end of words (the so-called dark version of the phoneme), refers to the rules of orthophony.

The relationship between orthoepy and orthophony is understood differently depending on the interpretation. Both aspects of the pronunciation norm are independent of each other. With the normative phonemic composition of a word, the sound realization of phonemes can be distorted (for example, a lisping [š] in Russian pronunciation or an impure pronunciation of nasal vowels in French). The opposite is also possible: violation of the phonemic composition of the word while maintaining the normative sound realizations of phonemes. Thus, the pronunciation of the word “walk” in modern Russian as [šыgat’] is a spelling mistake (ascending, however, to the old Moscow norm), although [s] can be pronounced phonemically correctly. The distinction between two aspects of the norm: orthoepy and orthophony is of great importance in correcting mistakes and in teaching a foreign language, since mastering orthophony (unlike orthoepy) requires the creation of new articulatory habits, the development of new pronunciation skills.

There are orthoepic norms as an intralinguistic category and a codified norm. The first is connected with the presence of potential possibilities for designating the same phenomenon, represented by the language as a system; while the norm is the result of a number of social factors determined by the existence of a given language in a certain speech community in a certain period of time. The second is a reflection of an objectively existing norm, formulated in the form of rules and regulations in various dictionaries, reference books and manuals. In codification, there is a selection of what is prescribed to be used as correct. The adequacy of the reflection of the objective norm depends on the analysis used by the codifier. The codified norm often lags behind the actual one.

Orthoepy develops simultaneously with the formation of the national language, when the scope of oral speech expands, new forms develop. In different national languages, the process of formation of orthoepic norms takes place in different ways. Orthoepic norms can go through several stages before becoming national language norms. Thus, the main features of the Russian pronunciation norm were formed in the first half of the 17th century. as features of Moscow and only in the 2nd half of the 19th century. finally formed as the norms of the national language. The modern pronunciation norm of the Russian language includes both the features of the Leningrad (Petersburg) pronunciation and the features of the Moscow one.

The problem of the orthoepic norm arises when the language has not one, but two or more realizations of one unit. Normally, there is a selection of what is available in the language system at the moment or is in it in potency. The norm determines the nature of the realization of those potentialities that are inherent in the system, the distribution and functioning of the models of a given language are determined by the system. the language system completely determines the pronunciation norm. The norm can change within the system, provided that new forms appear, gradually replacing the old ones under the influence of extralinguistic factors or as a result of changes that have occurred in the system. So, the statement as an orthoepic norm of pronouncing words with a hard consonant before the front vowel |e | in Russian became possible only after the changes that had taken place in the system, cf. the emergence of opposition of hard consonants to soft ones before the vowel | e |: "tempo" and "theme", "pastel" and "bed".

The change (change) of norms determines the possibility of the simultaneous existence of variant norms in the language of each historical period. There are two types of variance: 1) the existence of two or more equal implementations of one unit or combination of units as equal options, 2) the presence of two or more variants of the norm that make up a certain series in which one of the options becomes the leading one, the other (others) is used less frequently, becomes surviving. The choice of one of the options as a leader is influenced by factors such as its compliance with objective ones, prevalence, compliance with prestigious models (pronunciation of the most educated and cultured part of society). The theater, and later radio and television, which promoted exemplary literary pronunciation, played an important role in the development of orthoepy. Stage speech in many languages ​​is the basis of orthoepic norms.

The orthoepic and orthophonic features of the norm depend on the type of pronunciation. A complete type of pronunciation is distinguished, that is, such an implementation that does not raise doubts in the phonemic composition of the word, and incomplete - an indistinct, careless pronunciation, in which the presence of an appropriate one is necessary to establish the phonemic composition. Deviations from the literary pronunciation norm may occur under the influence of the native language or native dialect of the speaker. Sometimes retreats are in nature.

L. V. Shcherba and E. D. Polivanov made a great contribution to the study of the pronunciation norm, emphasizing the decisive role of the language system in its formation. An important role of the social factor in the development of the norm was noted by A. N. Gvozdev, A. M. Selishchev, the works of D. N. Ushakov, F. P. Filin and others are devoted to the criteria of normativity. A detailed analysis of modern Russian orthoepy and orthophony is presented in the works of R. I. Avanesov, S. I. Ozhegov, G. O. Vinokur and others, French - in the studies of P. Leon, A. Martinet, M. V. Gordina, English - in the works of D. Jones, J. W. Lewis, German - in the works of F. Schindler.

• Ushakov D.N., Russian orthoepy and its tasks, in the book: Russian speech. New series, [v.] 3, L., 1928;
• Distiller G. O., Russian stage pronunciation, M., 1948;
• Ozhegov S. I., Regular questions of the culture of speech, in the book: Questions of the culture of speech, c. 1, Moscow, 1955;
• Peshkovsky A. M., An objective and normative point of view on language, in his book: Selected Works, M., 1959;
• Gvozdev A. N., Modern Russian literary language, M., 1961;
• Baudouin de Courtenay I. A., Phonetic laws, in his book: Selected works on general linguistics, vol. 2, M., 1963;
• Avanesov R. I., Russian literary pronunciation, 5th ed., M., 1972;
• Gordina M. V., Phonetics of the French language, L., 1973;
• Shcherba L. V., On the triple aspect of linguistic phenomena and on the experiment in linguistics, in his book: Language system and speech activity, M., 1974;
• Pronunciation styles and types of pronunciation, Questions of Linguistics, 1974, No. 2;
• Verbitskaya L. A., Russian orthoepy, L., 1976;
• Leon P. R., Laboratoire de langues et correction phonetique, P., ;
• Delattre P., Comparing the phonetic features of English, French, German and Spanish, Phil., 1965;
• Martinet A., Walter H., Dictionnaire de la prononciation française dans son usage réel. France - Expansion, P., ;
• Schindler F., Beitrage zur deutschen Hochlautung, Hamb., 1974 (Forum phoneticum, Bd 9);
• Lewis J. W., A concise pronouncing dictionary of British and American English, L., 1972.

L. A. Verbitskaya.

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. 1990 .

Synonyms:

See what "Orthoepy" is in other dictionaries:

orthoepy- orthoepy... Spelling Dictionary

Orthoepy- a word translated as "correct pronunciation" (Greek orthós "correct" and épos "word"). O. raises the question of a certain way of pronouncing words, which is considered “correct” for a certain environment and era. In O. it is stated that ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

ORTHOEPY- (Greek orthoepea, from orthos correct, and epos the word). Correct pronunciation. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ORPHEPY [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ORTHOEPY- ORPHEPY, orthoepy, women. (from Greek orthos correct and epos speech) (ling.). Rules for exemplary pronunciation. Russian orthoepy. Orthoepy lessons. || Compliance with these rules. Pay attention to students' spelling. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N.… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

orthoepy- pronunciation Dictionary of Russian synonyms. orthoepy noun, number of synonyms: 1 pronunciation (14) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary

ORTHOEPY- (from the Greek orthos correct and epos speech), 1) a set of pronunciation norms of the national language, ensuring the uniformity of its sound embodiment by all native speakers. 2) A section of linguistics that studies normative literary ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

ORTHOEPY- (from Greek orthos correct and epos speech) ..1) a set of pronunciation norms of the national language, ensuring the uniformity of its sound design2)] A section of linguistics that studies normative literary pronunciation ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ORTHOEPY- ORPHEPY, and, wives. 1. Rules of literary pronunciation. 2. Such a correct pronunciation itself. | adj. orthoepic, oh, oh. orthoepic norms. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

ORTHOEPY- (from Greek orthos - correct + epos - speech). 1. A branch of linguistics that studies normative literary pronunciation. 2. A set of rules that establish a uniform pronunciation corresponding to those adopted in a given language ... ... A new dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

Competent oral speech is the key to successful communication. The ability to correctly express your thoughts will help not only when applying for a job or in business negotiations, but also in everyday life. But in order to perfectly master oral speech, it is necessary to know and observe the orthoepic norms of the Russian language. This is what our article will be devoted to.

What is orthoepy?

The word "orthoepy" consists of two Greek roots - "orthos" and "epos", which are translated as "correct" and "speech". That is, the science of correct speech - that's what orthoepy is.

Graphic abbreviations

Graphic abbreviations include initials next to the surname, volume or distance designations, for example, liters (l), meters (m), also pages (s) and other similar abbreviations that serve to save space in printed text. All these truncated words when reading must be deciphered, that is, you need to pronounce the word in full.

The use of graphic abbreviations in a conversation can be assessed as a speech error or irony, which may be appropriate only in certain circumstances.

Names and patronymics

Orthoepic norms of the Russian language also regulate the pronunciation of names and patronymics. Note that the use of patronymics is typical only for our language. In Europe, such a concept does not exist at all.

The use of the full name and patronymic of a person is necessary under different circumstances, both verbally and in writing. Especially often such appeals are used in a working environment and official documents. Such an appeal to a person can also serve as a marker of the degree of respect, especially when talking with older and older people.

Most of the Russian-speaking names and patronymics have several pronunciation options, which may vary, among other things, from the degree of closeness with the person. For example, when meeting for the first time, it is desirable to pronounce the name and patronymic of the interlocutor clearly, as close as possible to writing.

However, in other cases, the orthoepic norms of the Russian language (pronunciation norms) provide for a method of use that has historically developed in oral speech.

• Patronymics ending in "-evna", "-ievich". In female versions, it is necessary to observe the written form, for example, Anatolyevna. In men's - let's say a short version: Anatolyevich / Anatolievich.
• On "-aevich" / "-aevna", "-eevich" / "-eevna". For both male and female options, a short version is allowed: Alekseevna / Alekseevna, Sergeevich / Sergeich.
• On "-ovich" and "-ovna". In the male version, the contraction of the form is permissible: Alexandrovich / Alexandrich. In women's - necessarily full pronunciation.
• In female patronymics formed from names ending in "n", "m", "v", [s] is not pronounced. For example, instead of Efimovna - Efimna, Stanislavovna - Stanislavna.

How to pronounce borrowed words

The orthoepic norms of the Russian language also regulate the rules for the pronunciation of foreign words. This is due to the fact that in a number of cases the laws of the use of Russian words are violated in borrowed ones. For example, the letter "o" in unstressed syllables is pronounced the same as if it were in a strong position: oasis, model.

Also, in some foreign words, the consonants before the softening vowel "e" remain hard. For example: code, antenna. There are also words with a variable pronunciation, where you can pronounce "e" both firmly and softly: therapy, terror, dean.

In addition, for borrowed words, the stress is fixed, that is, it remains unchanged in all word forms. Therefore, if you encounter difficulties with pronunciation, it is better to refer to the orthoepic dictionary.

Accentological norm

Now let's take a closer look at the orthoepic and accentological norms of the Russian language. To begin with, let's figure out what an accentological norm is. This is the name of the rules for placing stress in a word.

In Russian, the stress is not fixed, as in most European ones, which not only enriches speech and increases the possibilities of language play, but also provides great opportunities for violating the accepted norm.

Let's consider the function that unfixed stress performs. So it is:

• makes it possible for the stylistic coloring of words (silver - silver) and the emergence of professionalisms (compass - compAs);
• provides for a change in the etymology (meaning) of the word (meli - meli, Atlas - atlas);
• allows you to change the morphological features of the word (pines - pines).

Also, the placement of stress can change the style of your speech. So, for example, the word "girl" will refer to the literary, and "girl" - to the neutral.

There is also a class of such words, the variability of stress in which does not carry any semantic load. For example, Butt - butt, barge - barge. The emergence of these exceptions is due to the lack of a single norm and equal existence of the dialect and the literary language.

Also, the stress in some words may just be an obsolete form. For example, music - music, employee - employee. In fact, you are only changing the accent, but in fact you are starting to speak with an outdated syllable.

Most often, the placement of stress in a word has to be remembered, since the existing rules do not regulate all cases. In addition, sometimes a violation of the literary norm can become an individual author's technique. This is often used by poets to make a line of poetry sound more even.

However, one should not assume that accentology is included in the orthoepic norms of the Russian language. Stress and its correct formulation is too extensive and complex a topic, so it is usually taken out in a special section and studied separately. Those who wish to get acquainted with the topic in more detail and exclude violations of the norm of setting stresses from their speech are advised to acquire an orthoepic dictionary.

Conclusion

It would seem that it can be difficult to speak your native language? In fact, most of us have no idea how many norms of the Russian language are violated daily.