You will spend 30 minutes on this lesson. To listen to the word, please click on the Audio icon . If you have any questions regarding this course, please contact me by email: Learn Dutch.

Below is a list of the most commonly used words, the scope of which is: Verbs. The table below has 3 columns (Russian language, Dutch language and pronunciation). Try to repeat the words after listening. This will help you improve your pronunciation and also help you remember the word better.

List of adjectives

Here is a list of sentences containing multiple vocabulary items shown above topic about: Verbs. Sentences are added to help you understand how the structure of the entire sentence can affect the function and meaning of individual words.

Verbs with examples

Time vocabulary

This is a time vocabulary list. If you learn the following words by heart, it will make your conversation with the natives much easier and more enjoyable.

Time vocabulary

daily conversation

Dutch phrases

Benefits of learning a language

The ability to communicate in a new language opens the door to a new culture. It is important to have vocabulary and grammar in your arsenal, but the culture of the country is also part of the learning. We recommend that you get acquainted with the traditions, history, way of thinking and life principles of native speakers.

Although the Dutch are often quite proficient in foreign languages ​​(English, German and French), being able to speak Dutch will open your way to the heart, mind and culture of Dutch speakers in the Netherlands and anywhere else in the world. Dutch is not one of the simplest languages, since this language contains many sounds and grammatical structures that are alien to Russian. However, these difficulties will only increase the taste of victory in learning this language. Feel free to read Step 1, which will be the starting point of your linguistic journey.

Steps

Some information about Dutch

1. Let's follow the development of the Dutch language. In the classification of languages, Dutch occupies a place in the West Germanic group and is closely related to other languages ​​of this branch, including German, English and West Frisian.

   • The Dutch language was developed from the Low Franconian dialect of Low German. But although Dutch began its development from German roots, it did not undergo an High German consonant shift, which means it does not have such a grammatical marker as an umlaut.
   • In addition, the original case system was eventually abolished in Dutch, and the language underwent morphological alignment.
   • On the other hand, the vocabulary of the Dutch language has largely retained its Germanic roots (although it contains more borrowings from the Romance languages). The word order also remained in its original form (subject - predicate - object in the main sentences and subject - object - predicate - in subordinate ones).

2. Know where in the world Dutch is spoken. Dutch is spoken by approximately 20 million people, mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium. Dutch is used as a second language by about 5 million people.

   • In addition to the Netherlands and Belgium, Dutch is also spoken in northern France, Germany, the Republic of Surinam and Indonesia. It is also the official language in the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean.
   • The dialects of Dutch spoken in Belgium are collectively known as Flemish. Flemish differs from Dutch in several ways, including pronunciation, vocabulary, and intonation.
   • Afrikaans, which is spoken by about 10 million people in South Africa and Namibia, is descended from Dutch. It is believed that the speakers of these languages ​​can understand each other quite well.

3. Start with the alphabet and pronunciation. In learning any language, it's always good to start with the alphabet.

   • A(a) B(be) C(se) D(de) E(uh) F(ef) G(heh) H(gha) I(and) J(yeah) K(ka) L(el) M(Em) N(en) O(about) P(pe) Q(kyu) R(er) S(es) T(those) U(Yu) V(ve) W(yeah) X(X) Y(i-Greek) Z(zet).
   • However, there are many more sounds in Dutch than letters, and their pronunciation does not always coincide with Russian.
   • The best way to learn the pronunciation of unusual consonants and vowels is to listen and repeat them. The following summary is not exhaustive, but will help you get started:
     • Vowels: " a(as in the word "cancer"), e(as in "this") i(as in the word "beat"), o(as in the word "cat"), oe(like the "y" in the word "fog"), u(like the "a" in "acrylic") and y(as "and" in the word "world").
     • Consonants: Some consonants have a completely different pronunciation from Russian. Sounds ch, sch and g are deeply guttural. The Dutch "r" can be either rolled or guttural. And here is the Dutch j similar to the Russian ""y"".

4. Learn about gender division in the language. There are two genders in Dutch: common (words in de) and middle (words in het). This is much easier than in German, where there are 3 genders.

   • From the appearance of a word, it can be difficult to tell what gender it belongs to. Therefore, it is better to memorize the generic division separately for each word.
   • The common gender is the combined form of the masculine and feminine, which are no longer used. As a result, about 2/3 of all nouns are of the same gender.
   • Therefore, the best method is to learn all neuter nouns. Then you will be sure that most of the nouns you have not learned belong to the common gender.
   • You can also identify neuter nouns by learning a set of rules. For example, all diminutive nouns (ending in je), as well as all infinitives used as nouns, are neuter. The neuter gender also includes words in -um, -aat, -sel and -isme, as well as most words starting with ge-, be- and ver-. Words for colors, cardinal points, and metals are also neuter.

5. Learn some common present tense verbs. As you progress in learning Dutch, it will be helpful to memorize some common present tense verbs. You will need them to build sentences.

   • Zijn: The present tense of the verb "to be" is pronounced "zain".
     • Ik ben: I am (pronounced "ik ban")
     • jij/u bent: You are (pronounced "yey/wee bent")
     • Hij/zij / het is: He/she/it is (pronounced "hey/zey/at from)
     • Wijzijn: We are (pronounced "wei zain")
     • Julie Zijn: You are (pronounced "yuli zane")
     • Zij zijn: They are (pronounced "zay zayn")
   • Hebben: The present tense of the verb "to have" is pronounced "heh-bang".
     • Ik heb: I have (pronounced "ik hap")
     • Jij/u hebt: Do you have (pronounced "yey/yu hapt")
     • Hij/zij/het heft: He/she/him (inanimate object) has (pronounced "hey/zay/at heift")
     • Wij hebben: We have (pronounced "wei heh-ban )
     • Julie hebben: Do you have (pronounced "yu-li heh-bang")
     • Zijhebben: They have (pronounced "zay heh-bang")

   Learn basic words and expressions

   1. • een: one (pronounced "eyn")
      • Twee: two (pronounced "twei")
      • Drie: three (pronounced "dri")
      • vier: Four (pronounced "vir")
      • Wijf: Five (pronounced "weif")
      • Zes: Six (pronounced "zes")
      • Zeven: Seven (pronounced "jei-wen")
      • Acht: Eight (pronounced "aht")
      • Negen: Nine (pronounced "nei-hen")
      • Tien: Ten (pronounced "ting")
      • Elf: Eleven (pronounced "elf")
      • Twaalf: Twelve (pronounced "twalf")
      • Dertien: Thirteen (pronounced "der tin")
      • Veertien: Fourteen (pronounced "veir-tin")
      • Wijftien: Fifteen (pronounced "weif-tin")
      • Zestien: Sixteen (pronounced "zes-ting")
      • Zeventien: Seventeen (pronounced "zhey-weh-tin")
      • Achtien: Eighteen (pronounced "ah-tin")
      • Negative: Nineteen (pronounced "nei-heng-ting")
      • Twintig: Twenty (pronounced "twin-tah")

   2. Learn the days of the week and months. Other useful vocabulary includes the names of the days of the week and months.

      • Days of the week:
        • Monday = Maandag(pronounced "man-dah")
        • Tuesday = Dinsdag(pronounced "dins-dah")
        • Wednesday = Woensdag(pronounced "uuns-dah")
        • Thursday = Donderdag(pronounced "don-dar-dah")
        • Friday = Vrijdag(pronounced "vrey-dah")
        • Saturday = Zaterdag(pronounced "zah-tur-dah")
        • Sunday = Zondag(pronounced "zon-dah")
      • Months
        • January = January(pronounced "jen-u-a-ri")
        • February = February(pronounced "fei-bru-ari"),
        • March = Maart(pronounced "March")
        • April = April(pronounced April)
        • May = Mei(pronounced "mei")
        • June = Juni(pronounced "June")
        • July = Julie(pronounced "July")
        • August = Augustus(pronounced "oh-gus-tus"),
        • September = September(pronounced "sep-tember"),
        • October = Oktober(pronounced "ok-tou-ber"),
        • November = October(pronounced "but-wem-ber"),
        • December = December(pronounced "day-sem-ber").

   3. Learn the names of colors. By learning the names of colors in Dutch, you can greatly expand your descriptive vocabulary.

      • Red = rood(pronounced "mouth")
      • Orange = oranje(pronounced "oh-ran-yu")
      • Yellow = Geel(pronounced "gale")
      • Green = Groen(pronounced "gron")
      • Blue = blauw(pronounced "blow")
      • Purple = paars(pronounced "pars") or purple(pronounced "pur-par")
      • Pink = Rose(pronounced "rou-za")
      • White = wit(pronounced "wit")
      • Black = zwart(pronounced "zvart")
      • Brown = bruin(pronounced "bruin")
      • Gray = Grijs(pronounced "grace")
      • Silver = silver(pronounced "zil-fer")
      • Golden = goud(pronounced "hout")

   4. Learn other useful words. By adding some words to your Dutch vocabulary, you can greatly improve your speech.

      • Hello = hallo(pronounced "ha-lo")
      • Goodbye = Tot ziens(pronounced "that sins")
      • Please = Alstublieft(pronounced "al-stu-blift")
      • Thanks = Dank u well(formal, pronounced "dank-yu-vel") or dank je wel(colloquial, pronounced "dank-e-vel")
      • Yes = Ja(pronounced "ya")
      • No = Nee(pronounced "ney")
      • Help = Help(pronounced "halp")
      • Now = Nu(pronounced "nu")
      • Later = Later(pronounced "la-tar")
      • Today = Vandaag(pronounced "van-dag")
      • Tomorrow = Morgen(pronounced "mor-gan")
      • Left = Links(pronounced "lynx")
      • Right = Rechts(pronounced "rahts")
      • Straight = Rechtdoor(pronounced "reh-dor")

   5. Learn some useful expressions. Now let's move on to something more practical and learn a few phrases that will help you in daily communication.

      • How are you? = Hoe maakt u het?(formal, pronounced "hu makt u khat") or Hoe gaat het?(informal, pronounced "hoo gat hat?")
      • ok thanks = Goed, dank u(formal, pronounced "goth dunk yo") or Goed, dank je(pronounced "goth dank e")
      • Nice to meet you = Aangenaam kennis te maken(pronounced "an-ga-nam ke-nis ta ma-kan")
      • I don't speak Dutch well = Ik spreek niet gone Nederlands(pronounced "ik spray nit gut tey-dar-lants")
      • Do you speak English? = Spreekt and Engels?(pronounced "spreikt yu engals")
      • I don't understand = Ik begrijp het niet(pronounced "ik bah-grape hat nit")
      • Not at all = Graag gedaan(pronounced "grag ga-dan")
      • How much is it? = Hoeveel cost dit?(pronounced "hoo-vale cost dit")

   We speak fluently

   1. Get language learning materials. Go to your local library or online bookstore. You will find a range of publications for learning foreign languages, as well as computer programs such as Rosetta Stone.

      • You will also need a good bilingual dictionary to study. Look up the Russian-Dutch dictionary.
      • As you learn, you will gradually want to add to your library of books in Dutch. You can start with children's books, small puzzle books, and gradually move on to novels, poetry, magazines, etc. Reading is an unavoidable source of language knowledge that will help you improve your language skills and also force you to face real natural Dutch. When you reach this stage in your studies, you will also need to purchase a Dutch dictionary.
   2. Flemish is a specific offshoot of Dutch spoken in Flanders, but is not a separate language from Dutch. Both the Dutch and the Flemings speak, read and write the same language, with only minor differences in vocabulary, slang, grammar and pronunciation.
   3. When your Dutch is good enough, you will be able to watch a famous TV show Tien voor Taal, in which Dutch and Flemish native speakers compete in Dutch language competitions, solving various puzzles and cryptograms.
   4. One very famous Dutch speaker was the actress Audrey Hepburn (1929 - 1993). She grew up in the Netherlands during World War II and made her first film appearance in a Dutch series called Nederlands in Zeven Lessen (Dutch in Seven Lessons) which was released in 1948.
   5. Dutch (Netherlands) is the official language of the Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders), Suriname, Aruba, Curaçao and Saint Martin, as well as institutions such as the European Union, the Benelux and the Union of South American Nations. It is also the language of territorial minorities in the northwest of France (French Flanders).
   6. Dutch is a West Germanic language and is very close to Afrikaans and Low German, and a little further away from Frisian, English, High German and Yiddish.

   Warnings

   • Don't be offended if native Dutch speakers answer you in English at first when you try to speak Dutch to them. They just want to avoid the language barrier and make you understand them better. do not forget that in any case they deeply appreciate your efforts and attempts to speak Dutch.
   • Remember that polite forms of address are most common in Flanders, while in the Netherlands they are used only to address older people. However, while you're still learning the language, it's best to always use polite forms of address as a safety net, so there's no risk of offending anyone.

Dutch (Dutch)(in nider. Nederlands) belongs to the West Germanic languages ​​and has about 20 million speakers, mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium. Small communities of native Dutch speakers are found in northern France near Dunkirk, as well as on about. Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, Suriname and Indonesia.

The official or standardized variant of Dutch is called Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands (ABN), "general Dutch". It is taught in schools and used in public institutions in the Netherlands, Flanders (Belgium), Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. An association called Taalunie (Language Union), organized by the government of the Netherlands and Flanders, regulates the orthography and spelling of the common Dutch language. Alternative names for Common Dutch are Algemeen Nederlands (AN), Common Dutch, and Standaardnederlands, Standard Dutch.

The dialects of Dutch in Belgium are collectively known as "Flemish" (Vlaams). To some extent, they differ from the Dutch used in the Netherlands in their intonation and pronunciation, as well as minor differences in vocabulary, including loanwords from French and English that are not found in standard Dutch.

Standard Dutch originated from the Low Frankish dialect (Niederfränkisch) of Low German. The earliest references to the Old Frankish language are found in a Latin manuscript of the 9th century. under the title "Laws of the Salic Franks", as well as in translations of the psalms. Some poetic works written in the Middle Dutch language during the period of the 12th-13th centuries have also been preserved. Translation of the Bible into Dutch, the Staten-Bijbel, dated 1619-1637. became the first major work in modern Dutch.

Dutch alphabet (Nederlands alphabet)

Note:

The digraph, IJ ij (lange ij) was originally written in the form of the letter Y y, which is currently used mainly in loanwords of foreign origin.

Phonetic transcription of the Dutch language (Nederlandse uitspraak)

Vowels and diphthongs

Consonants

Notes:

• b = [p] at the end of a word, [b] in other positions
• d = [t] at the end of a word, [d] in other positions
• e = [ǝ] in unstressed syllables
• g = [x] at the beginning of a word, [ʁ] in other positions (in some regions of the Netherlands). In some dialects g = [ɣ]
• r is usually not pronounced before q. In other positions = [r]. In some dialects r = [ʁ] or [ʀ]