Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 35", Bryansk

Entertaining experiments in chemistry

Developed

chemistry teacher of the highest category

Velicheva Tamara Alexandrovna

When conducting experiments, it is necessary to observe safety precautions, skillfully handle substances, utensils and appliances. These experiments do not require complex equipment and expensive reagents, and their effect on the audience is enormous.

"Golden" nail.

Pour 10-15 ml of copper sulfate solution into a test tube and add a few drops of sulfuric acid. An iron nail is dipped into the solution for 5-10 seconds. A red coating of metallic copper appears on the surface of the nail. To give shine, the nail is rubbed with filter paper.

Pharaoh snakes.

Crushed dry fuel is placed on the asbestos mesh. Norsulfazole tablets are placed around the top of the hill at the same distance from each other. During the demonstration of the experiment, the top of the hill is set on fire with a match. During the experiment, it is monitored that three independent “snakes” are formed from three norsulfazole tablets. To prevent sticking of the reaction products into one "snake", it is necessary to correct the resulting "snakes" with a splinter.

Bank explosion.

For the experiment, they take a can of coffee (without a lid) with a capacity of 600-800 ml and punch a small hole in the bottom. The jar is placed on the table upside down and, having closed the hole with a damp piece of paper, a gas outlet tube from Kiryushkin's device for filling with hydrogen is brought from below ( the jar is filled with hydrogen for 30 seconds). Then the tube is removed, and the gas is ignited with a long splinter through the hole in the bottom of the jar. At first, the gas burns quietly, and then the buzz begins and an explosion occurs. The jar bounces high up and flames burst out. The explosion occurs because an explosive mixture has formed in the bank.

"Dance of the Butterflies".

For experience, “butterflies” are made in advance. The wings are cut out of tissue paper and glued to the body (fragments of a match or toothpick) for greater stability in flight.

A wide-mouthed jar is prepared, hermetically sealed with a stopper, into which a funnel is inserted. The diameter of the funnel at the top should be no more than 10 cm. Acetic acid CH 3 COOH is poured into the jar so much that the lower end of the funnel does not reach the surface of the acid by about 1 cm. Then, several tablets of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) are thrown through a funnel into a jar of acid, and the "butterflies" are placed in a funnel. They begin to "dance" in the air.

"Butterflies" are kept in the air by a jet of carbon dioxide formed as a result of a chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid:

NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH \u003d CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O

Lead coat.

A human figure is cut out of a thin zinc plate, cleaned well and lowered into a glass with a solution of tin chloride SnCl 2 . A reaction begins, as a result of which the more active zinc displaces the less active tin from the solution:

Zn + SnCl 2 = ZnCl 2 + Sn

The zinc figurine begins to be covered with shiny needles.

Fire cloud.

Flour is sifted through a frequent sieve and flour dust is collected, which settles far along the sides of the sieve. It dries well. Then two full teaspoons of flour dust are introduced into a glass tube, closer to the middle, and shake it a little along the length of the tube by 20-25 cm.

Then the dust is strongly blown over the flame of an alcohol lamp placed on a demonstration table (the distance between the end of the tube and the alcohol lamp should be about one meter).

A "fiery" cloud is formed.

"Star Rain.

Take three teaspoons of iron powder, the same amount of pounded charcoal. All this is mixed and poured into a crucible. It is fixed in a tripod and heated on a spirit lamp. Soon the "starry" rain begins.

These incandescent particles are ejected from the crucible by carbon dioxide formed during the combustion of coal.

Changing the color of flowers.

In a large battery glass, a mixture is prepared from three parts of diethyl ether C 2 H 5 ─ O ─ C 2 H 5 and one part (by volume) of a strong solution of ammonia NH 3 ( there should be no fire nearby). Ether is added in order to facilitate the penetration of ammonia into the cells of the flower petal.

Individual flowers or a bunch of flowers are dipped into an ether-ammonia solution. This will change their color. Red, blue and purple flowers will turn green, white (white rose, chamomile) will turn dark, yellow will retain their natural color. The changed color is preserved by flowers for several hours, after which it turns into natural.

This is due to the fact that the color of fresh flower petals is caused by natural organic dyes, which have indicator properties and change their color in an alkaline (ammonia) environment.

List of used literature:

Shulgin G.B. This fascinating chemistry. M. Chemistry, 1984.

Shkurko M.I. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. Minsk. Narodnaya Asveta, 1968.

Aleksinsky V.N. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. A guide for the teacher. M. Education, 1980.

Such a complex but interesting science as chemistry always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments, as a result of which substances of bright colors are obtained, gases are released or precipitation occurs. But only a few of them like to write complex equations of chemical processes.

The Importance of Entertaining Experiences

According to modern federal standards in general education schools, such a subject of the program as chemistry was also not left without attention.

As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems, the young chemist hones his skills in practice. It is in the course of unusual experiments that the teacher forms an interest in the subject in his pupils. But in ordinary lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time to conduct them for children.

To remedy this, additional elective and elective courses were invented. By the way, many children who are fond of chemistry in grades 8-9 become doctors, pharmacists, scientists in the future, because in such classes a young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.

What courses are associated with entertaining chemistry experiments?

In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. No special courses or extracurricular activities in the field of chemistry were offered to children. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The guys were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, they made mistakes in writing ionic equations.

In connection with the reform of the modern education system, the situation has changed. Now in educational institutions are offered in the lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them, learn to draw conclusions.

Optional courses related to chemistry help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and those designed for younger students contain vivid, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk, get acquainted with those substances that are obtained when it is sour.

Experiments with water

Entertaining chemistry for children is interesting when, during the experiment, they see an unusual result: gas evolution, bright color, unusual sediment. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.

For example, chemistry for children of 7 years old may begin with an acquaintance with its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the pupils that in a watermelon it is more than 90 percent, and in a person - about 65-70%. Having told schoolchildren about how important water is for humans, we can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.

By the way, in this case, the standard set of chemistry for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to available devices and materials.

Experience "Ice Needle"

Let's give an example of such a simple and also interesting experiment with water. This is a building of ice sculpture - "needles". For the experiment you will need:

• water;
• salt;
• ice cubes.

The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so such an experiment cannot be carried out in a regular lesson. First you need to pour water into the ice mold, put in the freezer. After 1-2 hours, after the water turns into ice, entertaining chemistry can continue. For the experience, you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.

First, the children must arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving an empty space in the center. Then, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing together.

Gradually, all the cubes are connected, and as a result, a thick and long “needle” of ice is obtained. To make it, 2 teaspoons of table salt and 50 small pieces of ice are enough.

It is possible, by tinting the water, to make the ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for children of 9 years old becomes an understandable and exciting science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the form of a pyramid or rhombus.

Experiment "Tornado"

This experiment will not require special materials, reagents and tools. The guys will be able to make it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, stock up:

• a plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
• water;
• dishwashing detergent;
• sequins.

The bottle must be filled 2/3 with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of sparkles into the bottle. Tighten the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding the neck, and twist clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Until the moment the "tornado" works, you will have to scroll the bottle 3-4 times.

Why does a "tornado" appear in an ordinary bottle?

When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind similar to a tornado appears. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how terrible tornadoes are in nature.

Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use a coloring agent, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Experiment "Soap Bubbles"

Want to teach kids what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in the lessons, there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.

For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot of positive emotions, and you can do it in a few minutes. We will need:

• liquid soap;
• jar;
• water;
• thin wire.

In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire in the form of a ring, lower it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow out a beautiful soap bubble of our own making from the mold.

Only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable for this experiment. Otherwise, children will not be able to blow soap bubbles.

In order to make it more interesting for the guys, you can add food coloring to the soap solution. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.

Entertaining experience "Water from plants"

To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with the help of it that the transport of nutrients occurs. The teacher notes that in case of insufficient amount of water in the body, all living things die.

For the experiment you will need:

• spirit lamp;
• test tubes;
• green leaves;
• test tube holder;
• copper sulfate (2);
• beaker.

This experiment will take 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.

Green leaves are placed in a test tube, fixed in the holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then this is done only with the part where the green leaves are.

The glass should be placed so that the gaseous substances released in the test tube fall into it. As soon as the heating is completed, to a drop of the liquid obtained inside the glass, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate. Gradually, the white color disappears, and copper sulfate becomes blue or blue.

This experience leads children to complete delight, because the color of substances changes before their eyes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.

Experiment "Magic Wand"

This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First, you need to make a star-shaped blank from it and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).

During the experiment itself, the star attached to the "magic wand" is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds her color changes and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, the use of a hydrochloric acid solution would be optimal), and the crimson color disappears - the asterisk becomes colorless again.

If the experiment is carried out for kids, during the experiment the teacher tells a "chemical fairy tale". For example, the hero of a fairy tale can be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to know why there are so many bright colors in a magical land. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of "indicator" and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.

The Genie in the Bottle Experience

This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is able to enter into chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum, gold).

Pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire there. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.

For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes the equation of a chemical reaction, highlights the signs of its course (color change, the appearance of gas). This experience is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of the school chemistry room. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of nitric oxide vapors (“brown gas”) are dangerous for children.

Home experiments

In order to warm up the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, to conduct an experiment on growing salt crystals.

The child should prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin branch in it, and, as the water evaporates from the solution, salt crystals will “grow” on the branch.

The jar of solution must not be shaken or rotated. And when after 2 weeks the crystals grow, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can cover the product with a colorless varnish.

Conclusion

There is no more interesting subject in the school curriculum than chemistry. But in order for children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher must devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiments and unusual experiments.

It is the practical skills that are formed in the course of such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades, entertaining experiments are considered by the Federal State Educational Standards as an independent project and research activity.

"Pharaoh Serpents"

origin of name

No one knows for sure the origin of the name "Pharaoh's snakes", but they date it to biblical events. In order to impress the pharaoh, the prophet Moses, on the advice of the Lord, threw his staff on the ground, and it turned into a snake. Once in the hands of the chosen one, the reptile again became a staff. Although in fact there is nothing in common between how these experiences are obtained and the biblical events.

What can you get "Pharaoh Serpents" from?

The most common substance for producing snakes is mercury thiocyanate. However, experiments with it can only be carried out in a well-equipped chemical laboratory. The substance is toxic and has an unpleasant persistent odor. A "pharaoh's snake" at home can be created from tablets that are sold in any pharmacy without a prescription, or mineral fertilizers from a hardware store.

For the experiment, calcium gluconate, urotropin, soda, powdered sugar, saltpeter and many substances that can be purchased at a pharmacy or store are used. "Snakes" from tablets containing sulfonamides The easiest way is to conduct at home the experience of "Pharaoh snakes" from drugs of the sulfanilamide group. These are such means as "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" and others. Almost everyone has these drugs in the house. "Pharaoh's snakes" from sulfonamides are obtained in a brilliant gray color, in structure they resemble corn sticks. If you carefully pick up the “head” of the snake with a clamp or tweezers, you can pull out a fairly long reptile from one tablet.

In order to conduct a chemical experiment "Pharaoh's Serpent", you will need a burner or dry fuel and the above medications. Several tablets are laid out on dry alcohol, which is set on fire. During the reaction, substances such as nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor are released.

The reaction formula is as follows:

С11H12N4O2S+7O2 = 28C+2H2S+2SO2+8N2+18H2O

Such an experiment must be carried out very carefully, since sulfur dioxide is very toxic, just like hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, if it is not possible to ventilate the room during the experiment or turn on the hood, it is better to do this on the street or in a specially equipped laboratory. Calcium Gluconate "Snakes" Experiments are best done with substances that are safe, even if used outside of a specially equipped laboratory.

"Pharaoh's Serpent" from calcium gluconate is obtained quite simply. This will require 2-3 tablets of the drug and a cube of dry fuel. Under the influence of the flame, a reaction begins, and a gray "snake" crawls out of the tablet. Such experiments with calcium gluconate are quite safe, but you should still be careful when conducting them. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:

C12H22CaO14+O2 = 10C+2CO2+CaO+11H2O

As you can see, a reaction occurs with the release of water, carbon dioxide, carbon and calcium oxide. It is the release of gas that causes growth. "Pharaoh snakes" are obtained in length up to 15 centimeters, but they are short-lived. When you try to pick them up, they fall apart.

"Pharaoh snake" - how to make fertilizer?

If you have a garden in your backyard or cottage, then there are also various fertilizers. The most common, which can be found in the pantry of any summer resident and farmer, is saltpeter or ammonium nitrate. For the experiment, you will need sifted river sand, half a teaspoon of saltpeter, half a teaspoon of powdered sugar, a spoonful of ethyl alcohol. It is necessary to make a recess in the sand hill. The larger the diameter, the thicker the "snake" will be. A well-ground mixture of saltpeter and sugar is poured into a recess and poured with ethyl alcohol. Then the alcohol is set on fire, a "snake" is gradually formed. The reaction is the following:

2NH4NO3 + C12H22O11 = 11C + 2N2 + CO2 + 15H2O.AT

The release of toxic substances during the experiment obliges to observe safety precautions.

"Pharaoh Serpent" from food

"Pharaoh snakes" are obtained not only from medicines or fertilizers. For experience, you can use products such as sugar and soda. Such components can be found in any kitchen. A hill with a recess is formed from river sand and soaked with alcohol. Powdered sugar and baking soda are mixed in a ratio of 4: 1 and poured into the recess. Alcohol is set on fire. The mixture begins to blacken and slowly swell. When the alcohol almost ceases to burn, several writhing "reptiles" crawl out of the sand. The reaction is the following:

2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2, C2H5OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O

The mixture decomposes into sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water vapor. It is the gases that cause soda ash to swell and grow, which does not burn during the reaction.

Ampicillin chameleon

Take an ampicillin tablet and crush it. Place the powder in a test tube, add 5 ml of distilled water to it and stopper. Shake the resulting mixture for 12 min and then filter.

Pour 1 ml into a test tubereceivedampicillin solution and the same5-10 % solutionNaOH. Add 2 to the resulting mixture3 drops 10% solutionCuSO 4 . Shake the vial. A purple color appears, characteristic of the biuret reaction. Gradually, the color changes to brown.

Smoke without fire 3

The experiment should be carried out in a well-ventilated room or in a fume hood.Take two beakers. Pour a few drops into one of them25 % solutionammonia,and in the other - a few dropsconcentrated hydrochloric acid( be careful!). Bring the glasses to each other.White smoke will be emitted.This isformedammonium chloride:

NH 3 + HClNH 4 Cl.

Bloody experience

To receivebloodwe willuse the reaction between thiocyanate and iron salt(III), For example:

2FeCl 3 + 6KSCNFe + 6KCl.

You can write a simplified version of the equation with the formation of a low-dissociation product:

FeCl 3 + 3 KSCNFe( SCN) 3 + 3 KCl

Fe 3+ + 3 SCN Fe( SCN) 3 .

Usually, potassium or ammonium thiocyanate and iron chloride are used for the reaction (III). In the course of its flow, a blood-red autocomplex rhodanide is formed.

For the experiment, it is necessary to take glasses with solutions of potassium thiocyanate (ammonium) and iron chloride (III), as well as two glass rods with cotton wool wound around them. Prepare a plastic or steel knife. It needs to be blunt or the experience can get really bloody.

Wipe the palm with a solution of iron salt (viewers can be told that this is disinfection with an iodine solution.Moisten the knife with a solution of thiocyanate (spectators can againdeceivesay it's alcohol). Next start yourselfcutknife. Appearsblood.

For removingbloodalso usecomplexation reaction:

[ Fe( SCN) 6 ] 3 + 6 F [ FeF 6 ] 3 + 6 SCN .

Simplified:Fe( SCN) 3 + 3 NaFFeF 3 + 3 NaSCN.

Iron fluoride complex(III) colorless. So,if wipewoundcotton wool soaked in a solution of sodium fluoride, the rhodanide complex is destroyed, and a more stable complex is formed [FeF 6 ] 3 . Blooddisappears. The audience is shown that there is no wound on the palm.

Experiences for little ones

The potato becomes a submarine

AssubmarineWe use regular potatoes. We will need one potato tuber, a liter jar or a large beaker and edible salt. Pour half a can or a glass of water and lower the potato. She will drown. Add a saturated salt solution to the jar (glass). The potatoes will float. If you want it to plunge into the water again, then just add water to the jar. Why not a submarine?

The potato is sinking because it is heavier than water. Compared to a salt solution, it is lighter, and therefore floats to the surface.

hung bubble

On theSprinkle the bottom of a beaker or small jar with baking soda and add a little table vinegar to it. Carbon dioxide will be released. It is heavier than air and will accumulate at the bottom of the can. But carbon dioxide is colorless. You won't see him. However, you can make sure that it really is in the jar with the help of soap bubbles. Blow a bubble into the jar. It will hang in it at the border of carbon dioxide and air.

We paint nails

Dissolve some blue vitriol in a glass and dip a nail into it. After a while, the nail will turn red, and the solution will take on a greenish tint. It was a chemical reaction. A layer of copper formed on the surface of the nail.

Ants chemists

Antsable to produceacidformic . It is very easy to verify this. Enough to goin the forestandtake with youfaithful companion of the chemistindicator paper. Find an anthill and, carefully, so as not to damage it, lower a straw into it for a while. Take it out and moisten it with a drop of water. Touch the wet straw to the indicator paper. Its color will indicate the presence of acid.

Experience illustrates how sulfuric acid burns sugar in air in the presence of water.

Sulfuric acid greedily absorbs water, and is able to get this water even from sugar molecules. During this reaction, sugar is converted to charcoal and gases are released that foam the charcoal and push it out of the glass.

Pour powdered sugar into a glass.

Add water to powdered sugar, mix everything thoroughly.

Add a little sulfuric acid to a solution of water and powdered sugar, continue to stir until the solution begins to darken and rise.

powdered sugar

water

sulfuric acid

chem. cup

syringe

glass rod

In the black-black forest stood a black-black house. In this black-black house was black-black ....

Hmmm ... Children's horror stories are no longer in vogue. But there is a very spectacular experience about black sugar. When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to powdered sugar moistened with water. The reaction of the uninitiated is much more violent than to fictional stories with an unexpected denouement.

How does this happen, and why does a black solid porous object form from snow-white sugar and a clear liquid?

Sucrose is a disaccharide with the formulaC 12 H 22 O 11 . How can you see that the ratio of atomsH andO the same as that of water - two hydrogens for one oxygen.

The concentrated sulfuric acid absorbs the water from the sugar and the remaining carbon is released as charcoal.

Like most sulfuric acid reactions, this reaction is exothermic, that is, heat is released. Therefore, the water evaporates and only a dry solid remains.

2C 12 H 22 O 11 + 2H 2 SO 4 = 23C + CO 2 + + 2SO 2 + 24N 2 O

The gases formed in the process froth the carbon and it becomes porous.

Spectacular. The only pity is that carbon is released in the form of graphite, and not in its other modification - diamond.

Experience demonstrates how sulfuric acid burns organic compounds. A similar process occurs in the stomach of mammals.

Sulfuric acid greedily absorbs water, and is able to get this water even from ordinary foods. During this reaction, the sugar found in almost all foods turns into coal.
Pour sulfuric acid into a vessel.

We throw an orange, chocolate, hamburger, french fries into the acid. We mix everything.

After an hour and a half, we evaluate the result.

concentrated sulfuric acid

hamburger

chocolate

french fries

orange

glass vessel

In a solution of silicate glue with water, when copper sulfate is added, a "colloidal garden" will begin to grow.

Some time after adding a few pinches of copper and iron sulphate to a solution of silicate glue with water, a "colloidal garden" will begin to grow, which resembles algae. The color of these "chemical algae" depends on the salt of the metal that is immersed. Copper salts are light blue, iron salts are dark green.

Pour silicate glue into a glass vessel, add water in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 and mix.

In a plastic cup, we make a solution of copper sulfate with water.

We collect a solution of copper sulfate into a glass tube with a pear and, lowering the tube to the bottom of the vessel, we release a solution of copper sulfate in portions.

Pour a pinch of copper and iron sulfate into a jar.

glass jar

water

silicate glue

blue vitriol

inkstone

glass tube with pear

spatula or spoon

plastic cup

Friends, good afternoon! Agree, how sometimes it is interesting to surprise our crumbs! They have such a funny reaction to. It shows that they are ready to learn, ready to learn new material. The whole world opens at this moment before them and for them! And we, parents, act as real wizards with a hat, from which we “pull out” something amazingly interesting, new and very important!

What will we get out of the "magic" hat today? We have 25 experimental experiments there for children and adults. They will be prepared for kids of different ages in order to interest them and involve them in the process. Some can be carried out without any preparation, with the help of handy tools that each of us has at home. For others, you and I will buy some materials so that everything goes smoothly for us. Well? I wish all of us good luck and forward!

Today will be a real holiday! And in our program:

So let's decorate the holiday by preparing an experiment for birthday, New Year, March 8, etc.

Ice bubbles

What do you think would happen if simple bubbles that crumble in 4 years so loves to inflate, run after them and burst them, inflate them in the cold. Or rather, right into the snowdrift.

I give you a hint:

• they will burst immediately!
• take off and fly away!
• freeze!

Whatever you choose, I say right away, it will surprise you! Can you imagine what will happen to the little one?

But in slow motion - it's just a fairy tale!

I complicate the question. Is it possible to repeat the experience in the summer in order to get a similar option?

Choose answers:

• Yes. But you need ice from the fridge.

You know, even though I so want to tell you everything, but that’s exactly what I won’t do! Let there be at least one surprise for you!

Paper vs water

We are waiting for the real experiment. Is it really possible for paper to win over water? This is a challenge for everyone who plays Rock-Paper-Scissors!

What we need:

• Paper;
• Water in a glass.

Cover the glass. It would be nice if its edges were a little wet, then the paper will stick. Gently turn the glass upside down... No water leaks!

Inflate balloons without breathing?

We have already carried out chemical children's experiences. Remember, there the very first for very small crumbs was a room with vinegar and soda. So, let's continue! And we use the energy, or rather, the air that is released during the reaction for peaceful purposes.

Ingredients:

• Soda;
• The bottle is plastic;
• Vinegar;
• Ball.

Pour soda into a bottle and pour 1/3 of vinegar. Shake lightly and quickly pull the ball over the neck. When it inflates, bandage and remove from the bottle.

Such an experience a small one will be able to show even in kindergarten.

Rain from a cloud

We need:

• Bank with water;
• Shaving foam;
• Food coloring (any color, you can use several colors).

We make a cloud of foam. Big and beautiful cloud! Leave it to the best cloud maker, your child 5 years. He will definitely make her real!

photo author

It remains only to distribute the dye over the cloud, and ... drop-drip! Rain is coming!

Rainbow

Maybe, physics children are still unknown. But after they make the Rainbow, they will definitely love this science!

• Deep transparent container with water;
• Mirror;
• Lamp;
• paper.

Place a mirror at the bottom of the container. At a slight angle, shine a flashlight on the mirror. It remains to catch the Rainbow on paper.

Even easier is to use a disc and a flashlight.

crystals

There is a similar, only already finished game. But our experience interesting the fact that we ourselves, from the very beginning, will grow crystals from salt in water. To do this, take a thread or wire. And we will hold it for several days in such salty water, where the salt can no longer dissolve, but accumulates in a layer on the wire.

Can be grown from sugar

lava jar

If you add oil to a jar of water, it will all collect on top. It can be tinted with food coloring. But in order for the bright oil to sink to the bottom, you need to pour salt on top of it. Then the oil will settle. But not for long. The salt will gradually dissolve and “release” beautiful droplets of oil. Colored oil rises gradually, as if a mysterious volcano seething inside the jar.

Eruption

For toddlers 7 years it will be very interesting to blow up, demolish, destroy something. In a word, the real element is for them. and therefore we create a real, exploding volcano!

We sculpt from plasticine or make a “mountain” from cardboard. We put a jar inside it. Yes, so that her neck fits the "crater". We fill the jar with soda, dye, warm water and ... vinegar. And everything will begin to “explode, the lava will rush up and flood everything around!

A hole in the bag is not a problem.

This is what convinces book of scientific experiments for children and adults Dmitry Mokhov "Simple Science". And we can verify this statement ourselves! First, let's fill the bag with water. and then we pierce it. But what they pierced (a pencil, a toothpick or a pin) will not be removed. Are we running out of water? Checking!

Water that does not spill

Only such water still needs to be made.

We take water, paint and starch (as much as water) and mix. The end result is plain water. Just don't spill it!

"Slippery" egg

In order for the egg to really crawl into the neck of the bottle, it is worth setting fire to a piece of paper and throwing it into the bottle. And cover the hole with an egg. When the fire is out, the egg will slip inside.

snow in summer

This trick is especially interesting to repeat in the warm season. Remove the contents of the diapers and soak with water. All! Snow is ready! Now such snow is easy to find in the store in children's toys. Ask the seller for artificial snow. And don't ruin diapers.

moving snakes

To make a moving figure, we need:

• Sand;
• Alcohol;
• Sugar;
• Soda;
• Fire.

Pour alcohol on a hill of sand and let it soak. Then pour sugar and soda on top, and set fire! Oh what a cheerful this experiment! Kids and adults will love what the snake comes to life!

Of course, this is for older children. Yes, and it looks pretty scary!

battery train

The copper wire, which we twist into an even spiral, will become our tunnel. How? Connect its edges, forming a round tunnel. But before that, we “launch” the battery inside, we only attach neodymium magnets to its edges. And consider yourself a perpetual motion machine! The steam locomotive drove off.

Candle swing

To light both ends of the candle, you need to clean the bottom of it to the wick from wax. Heat the needle over the fire and pierce the candle in the middle with it. Put the candle on 2 glasses so that it rests on the needle. Burn the edges and wiggle slightly. Then the candle itself will swing.

Elephant Tooth Paste

The elephant needs everything big and much. Let's do it! We dissolve potassium permanganate in water. Add liquid soap. The final ingredient, hydrogen peroxide, turns our mixture into giant elephant paste!

Let's drink a candle

For greater effect, we paint the water in a bright color. We put a candle in the middle of the saucer. We set it on fire and cover it with a transparent container. Pour water into a saucer. At first, the water will be around the container, but then everything will soak inside, to the candle.
Oxygen is burned, the pressure inside the glass decreases and

Real chameleon

What will help our chameleon change color? Cunning! Give your toddler 6 years paint a plastic plate in different colors. And you yourself cut out the figure of a chameleon on another plate, similar in shape and size. It remains not to firmly connect both plates in the middle so that the upper one, with a cut out figure, can rotate. Then the color of the animal will always change.

Light up the rainbow

Arrange the Skittles on a plate in a circle. Pour water into the bowl. just wait a bit and get a rainbow!

smoke rings

Cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle. And stretch the edge of the cut balloon to get a membrane, as in the photo. Light the incense stick and place it in the bottle. Close the lid. When there is solid smoke in the jar, unscrew the lid and tap on the membrane. Smoke will come out in rings.

colorful liquid

To make everything look more spectacular, paint the liquid in different colors. Make 2-3 blanks of colored water. pour water of the same color into the bottom of the jar. Then carefully pour vegetable oil along the wall from different sides. Pour water mixed with alcohol over it.

Egg without shell

Put a raw egg in vinegar for at least a day, some say for a week. And the focus is ready! An egg without a hard shell.
The egg shell is rich in calcium. Vinegar reacts actively with calcium and gradually dissolves it. As a result, the egg is covered with a film, but completely without a shell. It feels like an elastic ball to the touch.
Also, the egg will be larger than its original size, as it will absorb some of the vinegar.

Dancing little men

It's time to mess around! Mix 2 parts cornstarch with 1 part water. Put a bowl of starchy liquid on top of your speakers and turn up the bass!

Decorating the ice

We decorate ice figures of various shapes with the help of food paint mixed with water and salt. Salt corrodes the ice and seeps deep, forming interesting passages. Great idea for color therapy.

Launching paper rockets

We free tea bags from tea by cutting off the top. We set fire! Warm air lifts the package!

There are so many experiences that you will definitely find something to do with children, just choose! And don't forget to come back for a new article that you'll find out about if you subscribe! Invite your friends to visit us! And that's all for today! Till!

Home chemists-scientists believe that the most useful property of detergents is the content of surfactants (surfactants). Surfactants significantly reduce the electrostatic voltage between the particles of substances and break down conglomerates. This feature makes it easier to clean clothes. In this article, chemical reactions that you can repeat with household chemicals, because with the help of surfactants you can not only remove dirt, but also conduct spectacular experiments.

Experience one: a foamy volcano in a jar

It is very easy to carry out this interesting experiment at home. For him you will need:

hydroperite, or (the higher the concentration of the solution, the more intense the reaction and the more effective the eruption of the "volcano"; therefore, it is better to buy tablets at a pharmacy and dilute them in a small volume in a ratio of 1/1 immediately before use (you will get a 50% solution - this is an excellent concentration);

gel detergent for dishes (prepare approximately 50 ml of an aqueous solution);

dye.

Now you need to get an effective catalyst - ammonia. Carefully and drop by drop add the ammonia liquid until completely dissolved.

copper sulfate crystals

Consider the formula:

CuSO₄ + 6NH₃ + 2H₂O = (OH)₂ (copper ammonia) + (NH₄)₂SO₄

Peroxide decomposition reaction:

2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

We make a volcano: mix ammonia with a washing solution in a jar or wide-necked flask. Then quickly pour in the hydroperite solution. The "eruption" can be very strong - for safety reasons, it is better to substitute some kind of container under the volcano flask.

Experience two: the reaction of acid and sodium salts

Perhaps the most common compound that is in every home is baking soda. It reacts with acid, and the result is new salt, water and carbon dioxide. The latter can be detected by hissing and bubbles at the reaction site.

Experience three: "floating" soap bubbles

This is a very simple experience with baking soda. You will need:

• aquarium with a wide bottom;
• baking soda (150-200 grams);
• (6-9% solution);
• soap bubbles (to make your own, mix water, dish soap and glycerin)

On the bottom of the aquarium you need to evenly sprinkle soda and pour it with acetic acid. The result is carbon dioxide. It is heavier than air and therefore settles at the bottom of the glass box. To determine if there is CO₂ there, lower a lit match to the bottom - it will instantly go out in carbon dioxide.

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂

Now you need to blow bubbles into the container. They will slowly move along a horizontal line (the boundary between carbon dioxide and air invisible to the eye, as if swimming in an aquarium).

Experience four: the reaction of soda and acid 2.0

For experience you will need:

• different types of non-hygroscopic food products (for example, gummies).
• a glass of diluted baking soda (one tablespoon);
• a glass with a solution of acetic or any other available acid (malic,).

Cut pieces of marmalade with a sharp knife into strips 1-3 cm long and place for processing in a glass with soda solution. Wait 10 minutes and then transfer the pieces to another beaker (with an acid solution).

Ribbons will be overgrown with bubbles of the resulting carbon dioxide and float to the top. On the surface, the bubbles will disappear, the lifting force of the gas will disappear, and the marmalade ribbons will sink, again overgrown with bubbles, and so on until the reagents in the container run out.

Experience five: properties of alkali and litmus paper

Most detergents contain sodium hydroxide, the most common alkali. It is possible to reveal its presence in a solution of a detergent in this elementary experiment. At home, a young enthusiast can easily conduct it on his own:

• take a strip of litmus paper;
• dissolve some liquid soap in water;
• dip the litmus into the soapy liquid;
• wait for the indicator to turn blue, which will indicate an alkaline reaction of the solution.

Click to find out what other experiments to determine the acidity of the environment can be carried out from improvised substances.

Experience six: colored explosions-stains in milk

The experience is based on the properties of the interaction of fats and surfactants. Fat molecules have a special, dual, structure: hydrophilic (interacting, dissociating with water) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble "tail" of a polyatomic compound) end of the molecule.

1. Pour milk into a wide container of small depth (“canvas”, on which a color explosion will be visible). Milk is a suspension, a suspension of fatty molecules in water.
2. With a pipette, add a few drops of water-soluble liquid dye to the milk container. You can add different dyes to different places of the container and make a multi-color explosion.
3. Then you need to moisten a cotton swab in liquid detergent and touch the surface of the milk. The white "canvas" of milk turns into a moving palette with paints that move in liquid like spirals and twist into bizarre curves.

This phenomenon is based on the ability of surfactants to fragment (divide into sections) a film of fat molecules on the surface of a liquid. Fat molecules, repelled by their hydrophobic "tails", migrate in the milk suspension, and with them the partially undissolved paint.