The writing

I would compare this world to a simple lantern.
The sun with a candle burning with hot fire.
We wander like shadows in a mysterious world
Knowing nothing for sure about him.
Omar Khayyam

The great poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam is widely known today as an outstanding thinker, researcher, and astronomer. But this is not all that his name is famous for. He became a true encyclopedist of his time. It is no coincidence that among his titles one can hear such as the most learned man of the century, the Proof of Truth, the King of the Philosophers of East and West, and many other equally worthy titles. But the life of the great scientist was not limited to scientific research. There are about two thousand lyrical quatrains (rubai) written by him. And each of them is a small poem.
Khayyam was overwhelmed with love for life, he enjoyed it in all its manifestations. And he expressed this feeling in his poetry:

The world is wonderful! Look at everything gratefully!
The Lord gave us this paradise for life!

Omar Khayyam urges his readers to cherish every moment of this life, make it joyful and intoxicating, live in such a way as to leave your significant mark, try to be useful, do good to those who are close to you.
The poet in his poems sang hymns to sincere friendship, sang love - a pure, sinless feeling, which is “primordial to everything else”, that “which is the basis of our whole life”, that “one thing in this world is spiritual”. In love, Khayyam saw the main meaning of life. He argued that the days spent without love are meaningless and empty, and a person who has not known this magical feeling "dragging out his dull life without consolation." He said with confidence:

Who does not know love, does not burn with love,
That dead man, for life is definitely love.

The central idea of ​​the whole outlook of the poet was the assertion of the rights of the individual. Personality - free, pure in soul, free-thinking - this is Khayyam's unchanging ideal.

But real life is complex and contradictory. Therefore, in his poems one can often find doubt, disbelief, puzzlement, sometimes even despair:

There is no heaven or hell, O my heart!
There is no return from the darkness, O my heart!
And do not hope, O my heart!
And there is no need to be afraid, O my heart!

The poet has always glorified movement, eternal and continuous, which is the absolute law of being.
Omar Khayyam clearly distinguished between good and evil, he knew how to distinguish one from the other, but he never imposed his views and beliefs on the reader. As a philosopher, he had the ability to express his thoughts, his understanding of life in such a way that those around him could understand everything and draw the right conclusions. Omar Khayyam does not teach, he reflects. Reflects on enduring values, on the most important problems facing humanity, on the meaning of being itself. He constantly puts questions before us and before himself, and thus, as it were, involves us, readers, in his reflections, makes us seriously think about why we came into this world.
The work of Omar Khayyam is multifaceted and unique. Critics note that in terms of the originality and depth of the works he created, he has no equal either among his contemporaries or among subsequent generations. He wrote a great many poems and treatises. And people at all times never cease to be interested in the course of his thoughts, admire and amaze the wisdom that sounds in his work. The great thinker devoted his whole life to comprehending the meaning of human existence. But even he could not fully solve this mystery. And yet the value of the precepts of the philosopher is immeasurable:

Do not try to open the meaning of life a secret,
You will not comprehend all the wisdom in a thousand years,
Better create heaven on a green lawn -
There is no particular hope for heaven.

For many years, the title of one of the most talented prose writers and poets of the 19th century has been A.S. Pushkin. Philosophical lyrics are present in almost every of his works, although this is a rather diverse poet who is interested in many topics. Alexander Sergeevich wrote poems on civic and love themes, raised questions about friendship, the poet's mission, and described the beauty of Russian nature. But nevertheless, a thread of philosophy runs through all his poems, they make the reader think about good and evil, the meaning of human life, faith and unbelief, death and immortality.

Pushkin's philosophical lyrics strike everyone with their originality. Poems are deeply intimate, personal in nature, because every feeling belonged to the poet, he described his own thoughts, impressions of life. It is this fact that distinguishes the lyrics of Alexander Sergeevich from other authors. As the poet grows older, his works change, a different meaning appears in them. From the poems you can find out how Pushkin lived in different years.

The philosophical lyrics of the period when the poet was still a lyceum student are imbued with the spirit of fun. Alexander Sergeevich calls to have fun in the company of friends, enjoy friendly feasts and not worry about anything. You can learn about his youthful thoughts from the poem "Anacreon's Coffin", written in 1815, the poem "Stans to Tolstoy" (1819). The poet preaches pleasure and entertainment.

Philosophical motifs in Pushkin's lyrics changed dramatically in the 1920s. Like all young people of that period, Alexander Sergeevich was drawn to romanticism. The poet bowed before Byron and Napoleon, the goal of life was no longer a senseless waste of time at friendly feasts, but to accomplish a feat. The heroic impulses of the soul could not but be reflected in the philosophical lyrics of the author. The most striking works of that period are considered to be the elegy "The daylight went out", written in 1820, and the poem "To the sea" in 1824.

In the mid-1920s, Pushkin experienced an ideological crisis. The philosophical lyrics of that period are no longer imbued with romanticism, it is being replaced by realism. The poet begins to understand the harsh truth of life, and it frightens him. He sees the problems, but does not see the goal to strive for. In the work “The Cart of Life”, Alexander Sergeevich compares life with an ordinary horse-drawn cart, it rides without stopping, days and nights on end, the beginning of the trip seems joyful and bright, but the end is sad and dark. The poet's morale broke after the defeat of the Decembrists, Pushkin felt guilty before his friends, because he could not take part in the uprising against the tsarist regime.

By the end of the 1920s, the despair and loneliness that Pushkin experienced at that time can be traced in the poems. The philosophical lyrics of the poet over the years became more sad and even tragic. In the poems “A gift in vain, a gift random”, “Elegy”, “Do I wander along the noisy streets” there are questions of life and death, the author considers what will happen after he is gone from this mortal earth. But this does not mean that Alexander Sergeevich wished for death, he wanted to live in order to carry his creativity to people, to guide people on the true path. He firmly believed that by the end of his life he would be able to find happiness and harmony.

REFLECTIONS ON THE MEANING OF HUMAN BEING. The great poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam is widely known today as an outstanding thinker, researcher, and astronomer. But this is not all that his name is famous for. He became a true encyclopedist of his time. It is no coincidence that among his titles one can hear such as the most learned man of the century, the Proof of Truth, the King of the Philosophers of East and West, and many other equally worthy titles. But the life of the great scientist was not limited to scientific research. There are about two thousand lyrical quatrains (rubai) written by him. And each of them is a small poem.

Khayyam was overwhelmed with love for life, he enjoyed it in all its manifestations. And he expressed this feeling in his poetry:

The world is wonderful! Look at everything gratefully!

The Lord gave us this paradise for life!

Omar Khayyam urges his readers to cherish every moment of this life, make it joyful and intoxicating, live in such a way as to leave your significant mark, try to be useful, do good to those who are close to you.

The poet in his poems sang hymns to sincere friendship, sang love - a pure, sinless feeling, which is “primordial to everything else”, that “which is the basis of our whole life”, that “one thing in this world is spiritual”. In love, Khayyam saw the main meaning of life. He argued that the days spent without love are meaningless and empty, and a person who has not known this magical feeling "dragging out his dull life without consolation." He said with confidence:

Who does not know love, does not burn with love,

That dead man, for life is definitely love.
The central idea of ​​the whole outlook of the poet was the assertion of the rights of the individual. Personality - free, pure in soul, free-thinking - this is Khayyam's unchanging ideal.

He constantly sang of the basic human values: wisdom, cheerfulness, the ability to sincere feelings. But real life is complex and contradictory. Therefore, in his poems one can often find doubt, disbelief, puzzlement, sometimes even despair:

There is no heaven or hell, O my heart!

There is no return from the darkness, O my heart!

And do not hope, O my heart!

And there is no need to be afraid, O my heart!

The poet has always glorified movement, eternal and continuous, which is the absolute law of being.

Omar Khayyam clearly distinguished between good and evil, he knew how to distinguish one from the other, but he never imposed his views and beliefs on the reader. As a philosopher, he had the ability to express his thoughts, his understanding of life in such a way that those around him could understand everything and draw the right conclusions. Omar Khayyam does not teach, he reflects. Reflects on enduring values, on the most important problems facing humanity, on the meaning of being itself. He constantly puts questions before us and before himself, and thus, as it were, involves us, the readers, in his reflections, makes us seriously think about why we came into this world.

The work of Omar Khayyam is multifaceted and unique. Critics note that in terms of the originality and depth of the works he created, he has no equal either among his contemporaries or among subsequent generations. He wrote a great many poems and treatises. And people at all times do not cease to be interested in the course of his thoughts, admire and amaze the wisdom that sounds in his work. The great thinker devoted his whole life to comprehending the meaning of human existence. But even he could not fully solve this mystery. And yet the value of the precepts of the philosopher is immeasurable:

Do not try to open the meaning of life a secret,

You will not comprehend all the wisdom in a thousand years,

Better create heaven on a green lawn -

There is no particular hope for heaven.

Questions of the meaning of life, life and death, knowledge of the world and the search for one's place in the world, worried Pushkin, like any thinking person. And, as for each of us, objective circumstances had a significant impact on the way of thinking, the psychology of world perception. Filled with hopes for the improvement of the social structure, surrounded by smart, noble friends, young Pushkin preached the enjoyment of a life full of fun, joy, and play:
Let's live and have fun, Let's play life. Let the blind mob fuss, Not for us to imitate the crazy.

Death is perceived by the poet either as a journey “to the country of freedom, pleasures, to a country where there is no death, where there is no prejudice, where thought alone floats in heavenly purity,” or as pitch darkness, absolute oblivion, nothing. Pushkin tragically perceives death, his whole being opposes the transformation of life into a complete absence of manifestations of human individuality:

How, nothing! Not a thought, not a first love!
I'm scared! .. And I look sad again,
And I want to live long, so that the image is cute for a long time
Lurking and burning in my sad soul.

In the future, life brought the poet many heavy losses - this is how the awareness of the fragility of human existence, the vulnerability of the soul came. The poet became wiser, more experienced, the vicissitudes of fate began to be perceived with philosophical condescension. Youthfully maximalist edification, which was the fruit of an inquisitive mind and a bookish worldview, was replaced by a simple one - the result of a philosophical understanding of experienced life collisions:

If life deceives you
Don't be sad, don't be angry!
On the day of despondency, humble yourself:
The day of fun, believe me, will come.
The heart lives in the future;
Real sad:
Everything is instant, everything will pass;

Whatever passes will be nice. Pushkin is experiencing a contradiction between dream and reality, the unfulfillment of many hopes and the tendency of people to dramatize life's failures. The desire for the absolute achievement of the set goals is idealistic; life is valuable in itself, and its perception by a person is relative: over time, the assessment of life circumstances changes, which makes it possible to find charm in seemingly unpleasant memories. The poet's poetic philosophy is a simple, clear and necessary wisdom for every person. Pushkin, even in his philosophical verses, turned to man: he was at the same time a sage who comprehended the highest meaning of being, and an ordinary person, and therefore Pushkin turned out to be a poet of universal significance.
Poems of a purely philosophical content are very rare in Pushkin: the poet's creative manner is alien to abstraction, and abstract concepts are usually embodied in concrete images, warmed by human feeling and refracted through the prism of life experience. The poem "Movement" is a philosophical miniature dedicated to the problem of the existence of matter. Movement and rest - this is the eternal philosophical question about the form, essence of being, and it is resolved in the poem in a visually simple way. However, the poet does not succumb to sophistic simplicity: life is much more complicated than speculative conclusions and primitive analogies. Absolute truth is hidden in the depths of the universe and, perhaps, does not lend itself to logical comprehension. The poet refutes the simplification of the philosophical approach to the knowledge of being with a simple example that warns against hasty conclusions and philosophical generalizations: “After all, every day the sun goes before us, but stubborn Galileo is right.” Again and again Pushkin turns to the theme of life and death, but the opposition of these forms of existence, the inevitability of the transition of life into death is no longer perceived by the poet as hopelessly tragic. Consecrating the mystery of poetic creativity, elevating "the poetry of a lovely blessed dream", Pushkin involuntarily thinks about the transience of life and the fragility of human spiritual values:

But, perhaps, dreams are empty - Perhaps, with a coffin's robe, I will throw away all my earthly feelings, And the earthly world will be alien to me ... My soul will not save a moment of life, I will not know regrets, I will forget the longing of love ... The poet regrets the transformation of the soul , capturing the impulses of high inspiration, spiritual revelations and momentary impressions, a variety of feelings into something incomprehensible and faceless. The lyrical hero does not want to come to terms with the prospect of turning all human aspirations into nothing, with the idea of ​​plunging the human spirit into the abyss of timelessness, but there is no longer any horror in the face of eternity. There are simple human doubts about the absence of any connection between life and death, an attempt to imagine the life of the human soul after the physical death of the body.

In the poem “Recollection”, Pushkin captured night thoughts about the life he lived, “heavy thoughts in excess”, painful experiences about the mistakes made. And although the lyrical hero claims that “Reading my life with disgust, I tremble and curse,” he does not refuse the lived experience: “But I do not wash off the sad lines.” The author understands that on the path of a person to happiness, spiritual perfection, mistakes and delusions happen, but life cannot be changed. And wisdom does not lie in the rejection of the past, but in the comprehension of what has been experienced from the standpoint of accumulated experience. Life impressions are immediate, concrete, individual and unique, and no matter how they are perceived subsequently,
it is they that form the line - of human life, and the level of their comprehension shows the degree of spiritual development of a person.

The poet is not a philosopher, he does not cognize the world with the help of scientific methods, but embodies his thoughts in an artistic form. In 1828, when tsarist censorship tightened, the poet was seized by heavy feelings. The period of reaction that followed the Decembrists' speech in Russia was painfully perceived by him, who grew up in an atmosphere of expectation of beneficial social changes, spiritual independence, free thinking, and creative emancipation. – The poet’s personal experiences about the dullness of the then Russian reality (“and the noise torments me with the melancholy of a monotonous life”) and unbearable psychological pressure resulted in an emotional philosophical monologue:

A gift in vain, a gift random,
Life, why are you given to me?
Ile why the fate of the mystery

Are you sentenced to death? But not only external events evoked a poetic response from the poet. In the piercingly sharp poem “Poems Composed at Night During Insomnia”, the jerky rhythm of which accurately conveys the nervous state of a person who cannot fall asleep, sensitively perceiving the slightest rustle in the silence of the night, the lyrical hero intensely strives to understand the meaning of being. What does “quivering of the sleeping night, the running of a mouse about life” mean? At night, not only a person's susceptibility to sounds is aggravated, but also the tendency to philosophize. The author only poses questions without answering them, but the brevity and accuracy of the wording, the layering of interrogative sentences convincingly convey the disturbing atmosphere of the night vigil, intense, like a pulsation of blood, the work of the human consciousness, left face to face with a huge, incomprehensible universe:

What do you mean, boring whisper?
Reproach, or grumbling
I lost a day?
What do you want from me?
Are you calling or are you prophesying?
I want to understand you
I'm looking for meaning in you...

And yet the prevailing mood of Pushkin's philosophical lyrics of the period of maturity is a bright sadness for the past, the wisdom of the eternal renewal of life. In these verses there is no fear of the inevitability of death as a physical disappearance, but there is a philosophical understanding of rationality, the highest expediency of the life process, its immutability and cyclicity:

The poem is written in such a clear, precise language that it seems to come from the depths of the soul. The poet has achieved both spiritual and poetic perfection, and therefore the poem is universal, awakens a storm of feelings and pacifies, is perceived simultaneously as an epitaph to humanity and as a hymn to its eternal youth, the harmony of the entire universe.

I would compare this world to a simple lantern. The sun with a candle burning with hot fire. We wander like shadows in a mysterious world Knowing nothing about it for certain. Omar Khayyam The great poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam is widely known today as an outstanding thinker, researcher, and astronomer. But this is not all that his name is famous for. He became a true encyclopedist of his time. It is no coincidence that among his titles one can hear such as the most learned man of the century, the Proof of Truth, the King of the Philosophers of East and West, and many other equally worthy titles. But the life of the great scientist was not limited to scientific research. There are about two thousand lyrical quatrains (rubai) written by him. And each of them is a small poem. Khayyam was overwhelmed with love for life, he enjoyed it in all its manifestations. And he expressed this feeling in his poetry: The world is beautiful! Look at everything gratefully! The Lord gave us this paradise for life! Omar Khayyam urges his readers to cherish every moment of this life, make it joyful and intoxicating, live in such a way as to leave your significant mark, try to be useful, do good to those who are close to you. The poet in his poems sang hymns to sincere friendship, sang love - a pure, sinless feeling, which is “primordial to everything else”, that “which is the basis of our whole life”, that “one thing in this world is spiritual”. In love, Khayyam saw the main meaning of life. He argued that the days spent without love are meaningless and empty, and a person who has not known this magical feeling "dragging out his dull life without consolation." He said with confidence: He who does not know love does not burn with love, That dead man, for life, of course, is love. The central idea of ​​the whole outlook of the poet was the assertion of the rights of the individual. Personality - free, pure in soul, free-thinking - this is Khayyam's unchanging ideal. But real life is complex and contradictory. Therefore, in his poems one can often find doubt, disbelief, perplexity, sometimes even despair: There is neither heaven nor hell, my heart! There is no return from the darkness, O my heart! And do not hope, O my heart! And there is no need to be afraid, O my heart! The poet has always glorified movement, eternal and continuous, which is the absolute law of being. Omar Khayyam clearly distinguished between good and evil, he knew how to distinguish one from the other, but he never imposed his views and beliefs on the reader. As a philosopher, he had the ability to express his thoughts, his understanding of life in such a way that those around him could understand everything and draw the right conclusions. Omar Khayyam does not teach, he reflects. Reflects on enduring values, on the most important problems facing humanity, on the meaning of being itself. He constantly puts questions before us and before himself, and thus, as it were, involves us, readers, in his reflections, makes us seriously think about why we came into this world. The work of Omar Khayyam is multifaceted and unique. Critics note that in terms of the originality and depth of the works he created, he has no equal either among his contemporaries or among subsequent generations. He wrote a great many poems and treatises. And people at all times never cease to be interested in the course of his thoughts, admire and amaze the wisdom that sounds in his work. The great thinker devoted his whole life to comprehending the meaning of human existence. But even he could not fully solve this mystery. And yet the value of the precepts of the philosopher is immeasurable: Do not try to discover the meaning of life a secret, You will not comprehend all the wisdom in a thousand years, It is better to create paradise on a green lawn - There is not much hope for heaven.