What is the difference between "character" and "temperament"? Temperament is what a person receives at birth. Properties, motives of behavior and skills that are genetically incorporated. Character is developed with experience, often in an attempt to change temperament. For example, from childhood, a shy young man becomes more determined in adulthood because he took acting classes and developed the ability to speak boldly in public. Here shyness is a trait of temperament. And the acquired determination is a character trait. Diagnosing your own temperament contributes to the formation of character, if you work on yourself. Self-knowledge at the psychological level allows you to reveal positive personality traits and work on negative ones. Diagnostics will give parents the key to his upbringing, tell him how to handle the baby so that he hears and understands correctly.
Temperaments
From the school bench, everyone knows four types of temperament into which people are divided. The distinction is made depending on the behavioral responses to the expected events, from which clear patterns of behavior are formed. Interestingly, character traits can manifest themselves in a person regardless of the type of temperament. Many do not think about it, confusing concepts or combining them into one. But from these differences it is clearly seen that each person is unique, since events, life experience, childhood, social environment - all this educates character.
Temperament Properties
Manifestations of properties depending on the type of personality differ significantly. This is what makes it possible to conduct a qualitative diagnosis of temperament and character.
1. Sensitivity. This definition characterizes the individual's response to external stimuli. Each of the types reacts differently, one will show a violent reaction if hurt. The other one won't care.
2. Reactivity. It is characterized by an involuntary response to external or internal stimuli, such as harsh sounds, loud music, or screaming.
3. Activity. Refers to the reaction to the outside world. Purposefulness, willingness to overcome difficulties, the ability to steadfastly resist life's troubles.
4. Plasticity (rigidity). The ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Life flexibility.
5. The pace of reactive activity. Speed reaction. Ability to respond quickly to stimuli.
6. Introversion (extroversion). Ability to make quick decisions. Speed of perception of information.
7. External manifestations of the response.
Based on these properties, a complex diagnosis of temperament types is built. How do you know what type you are? The properties of temperament types are also associated with the hormonal nature, physiological processes in the body, and the structure of the figure.
Method for determining the type of temperament
The most extensive and popular method is the Eysenck temperament diagnostic method.
Hans Jurgen Eysenck is a British psychologist. He developed a system of questions, answering “yes” or “no” to diagnose the properties and types of temperaments. The result of passing the questionnaire will be the identification of the actual self, taking into account introversion and extraversion. The technique also reveals the emotional stability of the individual. The Eysenck test is a classic method for determining personality typology, one of the most used in modern psychology.
Eysenck questionnaire
So, answer some questions. Do not think for a long time over the answers, act at the behest of consciousness. Place a plus next to the question number if the answer is yes. And minus if the answer is no.
Questionnaire text:
1. Do you often feel cravings for new experiences, for being distracted, for experiencing strong sensations?
2. Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand, encourage, sympathize with you?
3. Do you consider yourself a carefree person?
4. Is it very difficult for you to give up your intentions?
5. Do you think things over slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
6. Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
7. Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
8. Do you usually act and speak quickly?
9. Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
10. Is it true that you are able to decide on everything for an “argument”?
11. Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet someone of the opposite sex that you like?
12. Do you ever lose your temper when you get angry?
13. Does it often happen that you act thoughtlessly, under the influence of the moment?
14. Do you often worry about the thought that you should not have done or said something?
15. Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
16. Are you easily offended?
17. Do you like to be in the company often?
18. Do you have thoughts that you would not like to share with others?
19. Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything is on fire in your hands, and sometimes you feel tired?
20. Do you try to limit your circle of acquaintances to a small number of your closest friends?
21. Do you dream a lot?
22. When someone yells at you, do you respond in kind?
23. Do you consider all your habits to be good?
24. Do you often feel like you are to blame for something?
25. Are you sometimes able to give vent to your feelings and carefree fun in a fun company?
26. Is it possible to say that your nerves are often stretched to the limit?
27. Are you reputed to be a lively and cheerful person?
28. After a job is done, do you often think back to it and think about what you could have done better?
29. Do you feel restless when you are in a big company?
30. Do you ever spread rumors?
31. Does it happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
32. If you want to know something, do you prefer to find it in a book or ask people?
33. Do you have a strong heartbeat?
34. Do you like work that requires concentration?
35. Do you have bouts of trembling?
36. Do you always tell the truth?
37. Do you find it unpleasant to be in a company where they make fun of each other?
38. Are you irritable?
39. Do you like work that requires speed?
40. Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and horrors that could happen, although everything ended well?
41. Is it true that you are slow in your movements and somewhat slow?
42. Are you ever late for work or meeting someone?
43. Do you often have nightmares?
44. Is it true that you love to talk so much that you do not miss any opportunity to talk with a new person?
45. Do you suffer from any pain?
46. Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
47. Are you a nervous person?
48. Are there those among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?
49. Are you a confident person?
50. Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
51. Do you find it difficult to really enjoy events that involve a lot of people?
52. Are you bothered by the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
53. Would you be able to spice up a boring company?
54. Do you sometimes talk about things that you do not understand at all?
55. Do you worry about your health?
56. Do you like to play pranks on others?
57. Do you suffer from insomnia?
Result interpretation
All questions are divided into groups that relate to the personal qualities of the individual. Count the number of times you answered "yes" or "no" to the number questions in each group.
Results processing:
1. Extraversion - is the sum of the answers "Yes" in questions 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56, and the answers "No" in questions 5 , 15, 20, 29, 32, 37, 41, 51.
If the total score is 0-10, then you are an introvert, closed within yourself. If 11-14, then you are an ambivert, communicate when you need it. If 15-24, then you are an extrovert, sociable, turned to the outside world.
2. Neuroticism - is the number of answers "Yes" in questions 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 57.
If the number of “Yes” answers is 0-10, you are emotionally stable. If 11-16, then emotional impressionability. If 17-22, then there are separate signs of looseness of the nervous system. If 23-24, you have neuroticism bordering on pathology, a breakdown, neurosis is possible.
3. False - is the sum of the points of the answers "Yes" in questions 6, 24, 36, and the answers "No" in questions 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.
If a score of 0-3 is the norm for human lies, the answers can be trusted. If 4-5, then it is doubtful. If 6-9, your answers are invalid.
If the answers can be trusted, then a graph is built based on the data received.
Reduce the result by points to the Eysenck scale. Check in which part of the circle was the value of the result of your questionnaire.
Eysenck values
Interestingly, there are no 100% extroverts or introverts. In each personality, the qualities of both types of temperaments are combined in different proportions. Let us consider in more detail the meaning of each of the poles of the test for temperament in the circle of Eysenck.
extrovert
For a word, it will not climb into your pocket. Lover to talk about everything in the world. There is such a person in every team, he attracts listeners to himself, he is ready to support any conversation. Likes to meet new people, makes many friends. But he does not have enough opportunity to pay due attention to everyone. Therefore, the relationship is superficial. An extrovert likes to create movement around him. They constantly call him on the phone, he is going somewhere, in a hurry. He likes to be in society, it fills him with energy. Outwardly, an extrovert can be recognized by a loud voice, ringing laughter and active gestures. Often it is difficult for him to stop, he can say too much. He is bored of being alone. Even being alone at home, an extrovert will communicate with someone on the phone, correspond. Prone to risk, impulsive in action. But cheerful and groovy.
Introvert
For him, some detachment from society is typical. The circle of friends chooses carefully, with the expectation of a lifetime. Introverts are reluctant to make contact, only when necessary. These are rare guests at parties, and if they appear there, then under pressure, because they do not want to go of their own free will. Those close to an introvert are people who have been proven over the years and who are nice to him. If he does not see them for a long time, the relationship is still sincere and friendly. Introverts are comfortable being alone, they always have something to do. The company gets tired quickly. At the same time, they can lead a quite active life in society, they do not necessarily sit at home within four walls. An introvert gets energy from things: from good food, interesting literature, healthy sleep. For him, the inner component of his life, stability and tranquility are more important. As a rule, he is pedantic, does not like to make quick decisions. Characterized by a high degree of self-control, rarely angry. Possesses high morality, prone to excessive pessimism.
neuroticism
It is characterized by increased excitability, irritability. This trait of temperament gives the person uncertainty in everything (in himself, in others, in things and actions). In diagnosing the type of personality temperament, this property indicates a restless nature, vulnerable and prone to depression. Reactions to external stimuli may be inadequate, which is fraught with consequences in the form of stress and neurosis. The person is receptive to external events, anxious. In psychology, it is defined as an emotionally unstable personality type. An individual with signs of neuroticism worries all the time with or without reason, is overly self-critical, and is afraid of public transport. Exaggerated fears about loved ones.
Neuroticism is accompanied by feelings of guilt, defenselessness.
emotional stability
Self-confidence, propensity for leadership. Calmness and balance. The individual is ready to help everyone (and helps if possible). There is no tension, in stressful situations it acts clearly and quickly. Quickly adapts to new circumstances, easily absorbs information. A person does not pay attention to the little things in life. Purposefully moves towards its goal.
Pavlov's method
The Russian physiologist I. V. Pavlov identified four well-known personality typologies. The classification is as follows: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic. Express diagnostics of Eysenck's temperaments, in combination with Pavlov's method, gave the most accurate and disclosed definition of these concepts. As a result, we can characterize people as follows:
A sanguine person is a person with emotional stability and extrovert traits.
Choleric is an emotionally unstable person and an extrovert.
Phlegmatic - emotionally stable and introverted.
Melancholic is an introvert prone to neurosis.
Let's study each type in more detail.
Choleric
In pronounced representatives of this temperament, emotions prevail over reason. Any event in life is expressed on the emotional level of such a person. In a moment of joy, he will jump, scream, hug everyone and laugh out loud. At the moment of disappointment, it is bitter to cry and tell others about your trouble. Moreover, it will move rapidly from one state to another. The flow of energy thrown out in a fit of emotions quickly dries up, this constantly requires replenishment with new sensations.
The choleric energetically takes on new things, his whole life is filled with actions that require his vigilant urgent attention. If he has a favorite thing, the choleric will give himself to him with all passion. He has pronounced leadership qualities, he is able to become a leader, leading people. It has a high resistance to stress, as it is unable to detain attention for a long time on unpleasant moments. It is common for a choleric person to abandon an unfinished business if he is not interested in it. The mood often changes, because it reacts emotionally to every moment in life. Short-tempered and unrestrained. Cholerics who prefer honest relationships will defend the unreasonably accused until they lose their pulse. Pravdoruby, rather from restraint. Strive to be the main character in any event.
melancholic
Vulnerable, prone to the knowledge of the inner "I". If a temperament test showed that an individual is basically melancholic, this does not mean that he is a sad pessimist. This type of temperament has a pronounced creative beginning. The melancholic is spiritually developed and prone to deep emotional experiences. Knows how to look at the root of the problem or events, notices the details. Able to perfectly cope with any work, especially requiring perseverance and attentiveness. He sees beauty in the most ordinary things. Suspicious, from this avoids contact with people whom he does not trust completely. Reduced self-esteem, offended by statements addressed to him. Slow, but hardy and capable of analysis. A sensitive melancholic is prone to long-term relationships with people. Having lost his trust, it is most likely impossible to restore it.
sanguine
Variable type. If the temperament test showed that you are a sanguine person, you need to carefully monitor your emotions. A sanguine person changes his mind instantly, the same goes for commitment to hobbies and work. At the same time, the sanguine is the most lively and cheerful of all types of temperaments. He is active, artistic, has a rich facial expression. It's interesting to watch him. Quickly adapts to changing circumstances. He takes up work easily and joyfully, since childhood he has been fond of various circles, interest clubs. The sanguine person lives with pleasure, enjoys both work and leisure. In the case of a lack of attachments and interesting hobbies, it becomes superficial.
Phlegmatic person
This type of temperament is solid and consistent. He is selective in hobbies, always brings all things to their logical conclusion. Life position is weak, not active. He is not prone to impulsive actions, he is calm and collected, he does not like empty talk. A hard worker at work, always ready to help, take responsibility. The phlegmatic has a deep inner world. In negative traits, he is lethargic, incapable of taking a decisive step. But the most calm of all, inert. Persistent in achieving the goal. Stress-resistant, avoids conflicts. It is hard to adapt to new conditions, not ready for drastic changes. Not subject to emotions, does not express feelings directly. He is able to listen to another person, while not talking about his feelings. There are no problems with self-esteem, it is rarely a little underestimated.
Typology of personality in children
For parents, knowing the type of temperament in a child is undoubtedly important. Determining the temperament of a person in childhood gives the key to education, building an effective learning process. If you correctly understand what type your baby belongs to, there is a chance to use his positive traits to the maximum, to enable favorable personality development. Having an understanding of how a child thinks, and taking into account the characteristic features of temperament, a thinking adult is able to avoid harming the child's psyche and minimize the formation of negative aspects of character.
Choleric child
This child is noisy, restless and active. It can be aggressive, it is characterized by a quick change of mood. He perceives information well, but often forgets what he was asked about. Difficulty going to bed. Likes noisy games, quickly finds contact with other players. The body works quickly, the baby easily recovers from illness.
Parents need to fill the free time of a choleric child with some useful activity. It would be better if it was a sports section. It needs to be taken out to nature more often, it needs a lot of space. After the release of energy in the section, you can engage in intellectual activities. The child should come to educational activities physically tired, then he will be able to perceive information and be assiduous. Fatigue will not affect the work of the brain; the energy reserves of a choleric child are inexhaustible.
melancholic child
Extremely sensible, unhurried. Uncomfortable feels in an unfamiliar atmosphere, hard to converge with other children. But if you make friends with someone, then for a long time. Sensitive, from this we are vulnerable. You need to communicate with him carefully, as he perceives everything at his own expense. The information assimilates for a long time, timid and uncertain when communicating. A change of place of residence or kindergarten is perceived by a melancholic child hard. It is difficult to put him to sleep, but in the morning he is alert and ready for action.
The melancholic child needs parental approval and support. He needs this more than anything else. From criticism and abuse closes, in the future it will bring him a lot of problems. It requires support for his initiative in any endeavors, stimulation of stories about his own feelings.
sanguine child
The soul of the company, open to both other children and adults. A little careless, no sense of self-preservation. He takes on a lot of things, but brings little to the end. Does not calculate strength. Does not remember insults, restless. Inclined to team games, loves sports and communication.
Parents need to train perseverance and diligence in a sanguine child. A joint lesson will place the child and prepare the ground for a trusting relationship. Assembling a constructor or a puzzle, a puzzle is something that he cannot do alone, and together with his parents such an activity will give the desired educational effect. It is necessary to instill in the child the foundations of morality so that an easy attitude to life does not grow into a superficial one.
Phlegmatic child
Slow, thorough. Likes to find out what the essence of everything is. He is not emotional, so there is often a feeling that he does not care what is happening around him. Can independently play for a long time and enthusiastically and not interfere with adults. Sleeps well, but has difficulty getting up in the morning. Likes to snuggle up under the covers.
Parents need to learn how to convey positive emotions to their children. He easily succumbs to a passion for a useful activity: caring for an animal, household chores. It is necessary to add variety to his daily routine: watching cartoons and films, going to the circus and the zoo. To stimulate physical development, a homemade Swedish wall or a rope is suitable.
Finally
Psychological diagnosis of temperament affects not only self-knowledge. Knowing what type you are provides an opportunity to stimulate the development of personality strengths. By recognizing weaknesses, you can deal with them. Or, conversely, use it for good. Diagnostics of temperament in adolescents and young children allows parents to raise a child without breaking his worldview and attitude. Willingness to work and develop a child's strengths will definitely find a response.
Each type of temperament has its strengths and weaknesses, and the task of a person throughout life is to find harmony between them. The integrity of the individual is determined by the ability to find the facets of all the inherent possibilities and skillfully use them in one's own life. Society consists of many individual personalities, and even complete opposites in temperament can exist side by side without mutual claims.
Temperament- this is an innate cumulative system of psychological characteristics of a person. Psychologists distinguish 4 types of temperament: Melancholic, Sanguine, Choleric and Phlegmatic. In a "pure form" none of the temperaments is found, as a rule, in addition to the predominant, so-called basic temperament, the personality combines the features of 2 more, or even 3 types of temperament. Throughout life, under the influence of external factors, some traits of temperament can be smoothed out or, on the contrary, become the most pronounced, but in general, the predominant type of temperament is laid down at birth.
Hat test. Determination of temperament in the picture.
Try to imagine yourself in the place of the person whose hat was “damaged” and choose the appropriate option without looking at the answers. You are invited to choose a picture from the cartoons, so the situation is a bit exaggerated. At the same time, in life, we do not always show our temperament and most often we suppress our reactions in order not to “frighten” others. So for now, when testing, be honest with yourself.
Answers.
1. Choleric.
2.Melancholic.
3. Sanguine.
4. Phlegmatic.
Figure temperament test.
Choose the figure that is closest to you.
Answers
1. Square - phlegmatic.
2. Triangle - choleric.
3. Rectangle - Mixed type of temperament.
4. Circle - melancholic.
4. Zigzag - sanguine.
Description of types of temperament.
Phlegmatic person
Unhurried, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions and feelings. Possesses logical judgments. He has a strong, balanced, workable nervous system, a stubborn, persistent worker, he brings things to the end. Most often calm, restrained and constant in feelings, the mood is even, rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and permanent feelings. Phlegmatic peace-loving, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to chat about trifles. Save energy, don't waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. Solid, reliable, distinguished by the depth and constancy of thoughts.
But a phlegmatic person hardly switches from one job to another, “swings” for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), it is difficult to develop new habits and behaviors, but they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, lack of will. Tends to do familiar work in familiar, familiar surroundings.
Choleric
Fast, passionate, impetuous, open, with quick mood swings. Choleric is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. A choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Due to conflict, it does not get along well with other people. Choleric easily switches from one business / topic of conversation to another business / topic, he is characterized by sudden mood swings. He is highly excitable, he has pronounced emotional experiences, he is not able to control his emotions.
The movements and speech of the choleric are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impetuous, impulsive. He is prone to exhaustion, because when he is enthusiastic about his work, he acts with all his might. In the interests of society, he is initiative, principled, active, energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth, he is affective, irritable, quick-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, conflict.
sanguine
A lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes in mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Sanguine is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, responsive.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high efficiency, while he is active and mobile, easily survives failures. He easily communicates with people, quickly converges with people, easily switches, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, and does not regulate his impulses enough. He has a rich, mobile facial expression, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, patience. He has a quick change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, prone to inconstancy, superficiality.
melancholic
A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. The melancholic is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and sensitive, easily gets along with different people, non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time weakly expressed. It is difficult for him to focus on something for a long time.
The melancholic is hard and acutely experiencing failures (often hands down), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is closed, uncommunicative, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and reasonable.
In a healthy environment, it is efficient, can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. The person is deep and meaningful. But under adverse circumstances, it becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, vulnerable.
Scientists have noticed that the most powerful and outstanding personalities, as a rule, have a strong character and a pure type of temperament. So, O. V. Suvorov, A. S. Pushkin, I. P. Pavlov approached "pure" choleric people. Famous melancholics: Mozart, Poganini. Sanguine - Yu. A. Gagarin. Many other equally famous people also had pure, or close to pure types.
Character with temperament is usually quite strongly connected with each other, it depends on them how a person will behave in a particular life situation. On our site you can also go through a free patented personality and temperament test We hope this will help you better understand yourself and the people around you. Good luck!
Take this temperament test to gauge your reactions to events!
Briefly about the main thing:
1. Temperament - a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
2. How to learn to recognize people by personality temperament?
3. What are the types of temperament?
4. Rate yourself! Temperament test!
Temperament - a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
The concept of "personal temperament" was introduced by the founder of medicine, Hippocrates. Even then, he divided people into four main categories, which are still relevant today.
Sometimes personality temperament is confused with character, but this is not true!
Temperament is the innate characteristics of a person that affect his behavior, the speed of reaction to events and stimuli, balance, self-development, etc. And character is a set of acquired qualities, for example, purposefulness, courage, fearlessness, etc.
How to learn to recognize people by personality temperament?
Knowing the temperament of a person, you can:
- predict his reaction
- find out his way of life;
- understand what he needs;
- easy to find an approach;
- understand in which areas of activity he will be successful!
In fact, this is the key to anyone! How to pick it up? Read below!
What are the types of temperament?
sanguine- this is a sea of \u200b\u200bpositive. The person is cheerful, active, optimistic, quickly and clearly responds to changes. If he is angry, he does not hide his emotions, studies everything new with interest, and is prone to frequent changes in hobbies.
Choleric, as a rule, quick-tempered and unbalanced, can be reckless and unpredictable. He is very emotional, often aggressive, jealous, prone to inflated self-esteem and suppression of others. Choleric people usually have a gloomy appearance, are negatively disposed towards others, suffer from overwork and mood swings.
melancholic- a calm and thoughtful person, as a rule, is vulnerable, trusting and slow. Prone to low self-esteem, sudden mood swings for the worse, prone to depression. He always tries to strictly follow the instructions. Any innovation can upset him to tears. Sometimes such people are called homebodies and bores, but they show themselves best in the household.
Phlegmatic person- balanced and calm, it is almost impossible to piss him off. Even if he gets angry, he instantly cools down. Very rarely shows emotions, it is difficult to adapt to new circumstances, not particularly smart and resourceful. Trying to stick to a strict plan. A phlegmatic person cannot perform several tasks at once, but he is always attentive, persistent and consistent.
How to determine your personality temperament?
Rate yourself! Temperament test!
"Pure" type of temperament can be found extremely rarely. The vast majority of people have a mixed temperament, which has features of different personality temperaments, but still one of them necessarily prevails.
This test has four groups of statements that describe different types of temperaments. You can either agree with them or not. Record your answers on paper.
So, let's start self-discovery!
What does a choleric think about himself?
- I am extremely fussy and restless.
- I often get angry and flare up over trifles.
- Patience is not about me.
- In dealing with people, I can be harsh and rude.
- I initiate various meetings and events.
- I tend to be stubborn.
- I am resourceful and resourceful in a dispute.
- I can't work at a certain pace.
- I'm risk averse.
- I'm not vindictive at all.
- I have fast and temperamental speech.
- I am very unbalanced.
- I am not able to put up with the shortcomings of other people.
- I like to make snarky remarks.
- I don't hide my emotions.
- I tend to make quick decisions.
- Interested in everything new.
- My movements can be abrupt.
- If the goal is set, I don't get distracted by anything else.
- My mood can change very drastically.
What does a sanguine think about himself?
- I can quite call myself a positive person.
- As a rule, I am full of energy, and I know how to use it.
- I don't often get things done.
- I can overestimate my abilities.
- I can absorb new information quickly.
- I don't get hung up on one thing and tend to change hobbies.
- I don't worry about failures, everyone has them.
- I can easily adapt to any conditions.
- I am passionate about doing anything.
- I can quit what I started when I lose interest in it.
- It is not difficult for me to switch from one job to another.
- I get tired of the same work.
- I easily make acquaintances, I have a lot of friends and acquaintances.
- I am quite hardy, and I can work as long as necessary.
- I speak loudly, I can express my thoughts quickly and clearly.
- I keep my composure in unforeseen situations.
- I am always friendly towards others.
- I fall asleep quickly and wake up easily.
- Sometimes I tend to make rash decisions.
- I am inattentive in conversation, I can lose the thread of the conversation.
What does the phlegmatic think about himself?
- As a rule, I am balanced and very calm.
- I do all my actions in the planned sequence.
- I am sensible and cautious.
- I can wait a long time.
- I am not inclined to idle chatter, let others speak.
- I calmly express my thoughts, I do not show emotions in a conversation.
- I have patience and restraint.
- I don't have any unfinished business.
- I don't splurge on trifles.
- If it's worth it, I can give it my all.
- I try to stick to the plan in everything I do.
- I am always in control of my emotions.
- I usually don't respond to praise or criticism.
- I am indulgent about jokes addressed to me.
- I am true to my passions.
- I feel uncomfortable switching to another activity.
- I have the same relationship with everyone.
- I am characterized by pedantry and accuracy.
- I have a hard time adjusting to change.
- I have endurance and composure.
- I gradually get used to people, I can not make friends.
What does a melancholic think about himself?
- I am socially shy and very shy.
- I am lost in an unfamiliar environment.
- I can't just walk up and talk to a stranger.
- I'm not sure I'm capable of anything.
- Loneliness does not bother me, I treat it calmly.
- My failures overwhelm me.
- I can immerse myself in myself and not leave this state for a long time.
- I get tired often and quickly.
- I can't speak loudly.
- It's easier for me to adjust than to defend my point of view.
- I am very impressionable, sometimes I can be moved to tears.
- I enjoy being praised.
- I take criticism very hard.
- I am always strict with myself, and demanding of others.
- I tend to be suspicious and suspicious.
- I am easily hurt and offended.
- I go into resentment with my head and worry for a long time.
- I can't share my thoughts and feelings with others.
- Usually I am not active, I am too timid.
- I am not accustomed to arguing and meekly follow any instructions.
- I like it when people around me show sympathy.
Temperament test results!
Accordingly, the more positive answers, the brighter this type of temperament is expressed in you.
To determine the percentage, calculate the sum of all positive responses. Then multiply the number of positive responses for a particular type by 100% and divide by the total number of positive responses.
What happened?
The type of temperament, which scored more than 40%, is considered the main one.
The type of temperament, which corresponds to 30 to 39%, is considered pronounced.
The type of temperament, which scored from 20 to 29%, manifests itself only in certain circumstances.
The type of temperament that scored less than 20% is extremely weak.
Notes and feature articles for a deeper understanding of the material
¹ Hippocrates (circa 460 BC - circa 370 BC) was a famous ancient Greek healer, physician and philosopher. He went down in history as the "father of medicine" (
The term "temperament" is of Latin origin and means "ratio" in translation. The first scientist to define four types of temperament was Hippocrates, who lived in the fifth century BC. He believed that a person contains four fluids: sangius (blood), flegma (phlegm), chole and melas chole (yellow and black bile, respectively). The type of reactions of this or that person, according to Hippocrates, depends on which liquid prevails. In subsequent eras, temperament types were divided into strong and weak. Strong - phlegmatic, and weak - melancholic.Sanguine is sociable and mobile
It is easy to distinguish from owners of other types of temperament. This is usually a sociable person who easily adapts to the situation. He is mobile, he has an expressive facial expression. In a sanguine person, mental processes change easily and quickly, so overwork almost never threatens him. Sanguine easily converges with people and calmly parted with them. He copes well with any negotiations, but is much less successful in matters that require perseverance and constant effort. The processes of excitation and inhibition in sanguine people are balanced.Phlegmatic - not lazy at all
In a phlegmatic person, mental processes arise and change slowly. The owner of this type of temperament is generally characterized by low activity. He does not rebuild too quickly, does not adapt well to the changed situation. It takes him quite a long time to do this. Outwardly, his temperament is manifested in the fact that the phlegmatic is inactive, speaks slowly, his facial expressions are inexpressive. It is not easy to get him out of patience, but the one who succeeds usually regrets it very much later, because it is as difficult to stop a phlegmatic person as it is to excite him. A characteristic feature of all owners of this temperament is perseverance, perseverance, the desire to bring what has been started to completion. The phlegmatic is a reliable life partner and business partner who usually strictly adheres to the terms of the agreement.Choleric - a person who is addicted
In a choleric, mental processes arise and change rapidly. This is a quick-tempered, but quick-witted person. He gets carried away easily, but just as quickly loses interest if he fails to achieve instant success. However, the choleric, thanks to his assertiveness and desire to put all his efforts into what interests him, often achieves excellent results. He is sharp in communication, initiative, energetic, but a stormy burst of activity is very quickly replaced by indifference. Excitation in the choleric prevails over inhibition.Melancholic focused on experiences
Melancholic refers to weak psychological types. He is prone to overly deep feelings even when there seems to be no reason for this. His feelings are stable, but outwardly they almost do not manifest themselves. In the owner of this type of temperament, inhibition prevails over excitation. The slightest resistance unsettles. He is characterized by timidity and indecision, he is very vulnerable. Owners of this type of temperament prefer individual work to collective work.The phlegmatic type of temperament is characterized by calmness, resistance to stress, peace of mind, as well as diligence, endurance, the ability to make friends, and natural modesty. These and other qualities help phlegmatic people get along easily with people of different temperaments.
Instruction
Phlegmatic is able to maintain equanimity in almost any stressful situation. You need to try very hard to get him out of himself, however, if you succeed, then he will pour out all the accumulated anger completely. Therefore, it is better not to loosen his state, which is inert to external stimuli, but instead, simply enjoy communication with a very calm person, which are rare.
He is characterized by passivity in all sorts of cases. The phlegmatic will prefer routine work that can be done without too much fuss. This has its advantages: phlegmatic people almost always achieve career growth, while representatives of others experience ups and downs. It can be assumed that in love they rarely take the initiative due to their passivity. No, they have everything in order with self-esteem, but at the same time they are childishly modest.
Representatives of this type of temperament have one of the rare qualities - the ability to listen to other people. They are excellent interlocutors, because they rarely interrupt and are attentive to trifles. Thanks to their calm nature and the ability to weigh the situation before doing something or advising, they find a common language with hot-tempered choleric people, and with fickle sanguine people, and with sensitive melancholic people. At the same time, phlegmatic people do not strive to be the first to make contact, but they are able to easily maintain acquaintances that once took place.
Phlegmatic people are highly intelligent, diligent and efficient. They can easily spend one or more evenings carefully studying a scientific work, or intricate embroidery. In general terms, phlegmatic people are like athletes who choose endurance running over short sprints. In communication, encourage any of their attempts to offer initiative, pay due attention to their positive features, from time to time offer participation in joint meetings, trips, as well as creative and business projects.
Related videos
Hippocrates divided mankind into 4 types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic. Choleric is a very energetic person. You can work and live peacefully with such a person, provided you obey him unquestioningly. To create a friendly atmosphere, it is better to fulfill all his requests and desires.
Instruction
To determine the type of temperament, set a task for the test subject. If he immediately set about its implementation, without thinking about the details and without making plans, you have a choleric person in front of you.
Upon reaching the goal, the choleric will surely find many associates, because. he has an innate ability to convince and lead people.
Most likely, your supervisor at work is a choleric, because. they are characterized by the desire to dominate, the ability to correctly assess the situation, the ability to manipulate others.
Argue with the choleric. When participating in disputes, people of this temperament always defend their point of view to the end, even knowing that they are wrong. Cholerics will never compromise. Possessing great self-confidence, they are not able to hear others and accept someone else's opinion. Sometimes they have no sense of tact.
If you have been communicating with a person of this type of character for a long time, you have never seen him dull or indifferent. Invite him to take part in a charity event, for example, in saving people during disasters, or in holding a political rally, the choleric will never refuse such an undertaking.
In any situation, choleric people take the reins of government into their own hands. Often they are surprised that other people cannot find the right way to solve a problem. The main thing for this type of people is to achieve their goals.
The character is complex in such a way that he does not need friends. He always remains independent of the opinions of others. When a group is needed to achieve goals, he will be happy to work in a team, but only on such conditions as to be the first, and the first to achieve the goals.
note
Among the famous choleric people are such people as Alexander Suvorov, Peter I, Alexander Pushkin.
One of the four types of human temperament - sanguine, at first glance, is very positive. In fact, cheerfulness, sociability, goodwill, non-conflict - all these character traits are very attractive. But is everything really good with a sanguine person?
Instruction
Sanguine is an incorrigible lover of life. And from this love of life come all the derivative features of his character.
He is energetic, because he is constantly in search of new sensations and vivid impressions. And this energy manifests itself in everything. Even if he does some hard, unpleasant work, he does it vigorously. At least in order to quickly finish it and start getting new, more pleasant experiences.
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Temperament is one of the most important innate characteristics of an individual. 4 main ones are widely known:
However, none of these temperaments is found in "pure form". In each person, all 4 basic temperaments are present in a certain proportion (very rarely - 3). Word "temperament" is of Latin origin and literally means "ratio of parts". It is to establish the ratio of 4 basic temperaments for a particular person that the test below is intended to. It is based on 4 "passports": choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic."Passport" represents 19-20 characteristic qualities of this temperament. The temperament is then calculated according to the formula proposed by A. Belov. Check those characteristics that are true for you personally. So you - |
Description of temperament types
Temperament is not a character, as is often believed, but a property of the human nervous system.
Understanding the temperament of a person comes from the definition of inertia and the degree of stability of his nervous system, as well as the amount of vital energy.
inertia- the speed of the nervous reaction to external stimuli, as well as the speed of acceleration and deceleration.
Resilience or stability nervous system - meaning how long a person can act under the pressure of external conditions. These 2 main variables give 4 temperament options: Sanguine, Choleric, Phlegmatic, Melancholic. It is interesting to note that the stability of the nervous system, its stress resistance and the amount of vital energy depends on Rationality or Irrationality thinking. The most stress-resistant - sanguine and phlegmatic - just belong to the rational type of thinking. These are people who naturally fit into all work frames. They always have a reason in their actions, while choleric and melancholic people are more emotional, therefore subject to impulse and mood.
The inertia of the nervous system determines the orientation of a person inward ( Introvert) or to the outside world ( extrovert). Extroverts: sanguine and choleric. Phlegmatic and melancholic introverts.
1. Sanguine (rational, extrovert). A stress-resistant (stable) nervous system with a good speed of reflexes - low inertia (a person easily takes on something new and just as easily switches to something else), vital energy is in full swing - this is a sanguine person.
Strengths sanguine: poise of character, easy to communicate, often the soul of the company. Often have the gift of persuasion, good speakers, they know how to cheer up. Everything is relatively easy for them. Minions of fate.
Negative sides: very often superficial in communication, he can joke and break away, but is not able to understand deep human experiences, because he himself copes with his problems quite easily and does not have the need to discuss them with others. Often these people have many acquaintances, there is always somewhere to go to relax - they are always loved in campaigns, but they do not have close friends. The family is often perceived as a closed space and strive to get out of it to "freedom". If a person is still set on home and family, he will strive to constantly organize parties at home, or plan family outings somewhere with family and friends.
Professional Realization: professions related to people, moreover, where the power of persuasion is needed - lawyers, politicians, bosses, conductors, personnel managers, trainers, announcers and marketing directors.
Sport: active sports are suitable for sanguine people - football, skiing, cycling, roller skating.
Time Sense: overpriced. Their own minute is much shorter than the real one. Therefore, they manage to always have time for everything and be everywhere in advance. In one real minute, like in a suitcase, they manage to pack much more than the rest.
2. Phlegmatic (rational, introvert). Stress-resistant (stable) nervous system with high inertia (a person with a stable nervous system, he has an average amount of vitality, but he feels how to distribute them and does not waste energy in vain, it is difficult to switch from one thing to another) - phlegmatic.
It is a misconception that a phlegmatic person is a person who doesn't care about everything. This is far from true. Everything is much more parallel to the sanguine than to him. But due to the fact that the phlegmatic does not waste energy in vain - he saves it and will not experience it openly, and inside he tries to organize his thoughts and feelings so as not to waste unnecessary emotions - therefore he often looks like an insensitive robot or even a cracker who does not what does not matter. Actually it is not.
The phlegmatic is very early and knows this, so he tries to avoid any conflicts. He is most often set up to avoid problems and does not understand people who are always ready to rush into battle. He considers his vulnerability a weak point, which in reality is true. The fact is that vulnerable people, experiencing conflicts, are looking for ways to compensate for them - they are often vindictive: "I'm not evil - I just write everything down." Learning to forgive is just as important for them as learning to understand people with less inertia of the nervous system than theirs. Phlegmatic people are rational. They are often perfectionists.
Strengths of the phlegmatic: stress-resistant, measured energy expenditure, organized and likes order in business or in things. Often a collector. Reliable when dealing with rational people. They tend to calm or even "ground" the people around them with their mere presence. Outwardly, they seem calm and confident. They give the impression of a fortress, behind which you can be like behind a stone wall.
Weaknesses of the phlegmatic: high inertia - a person does not like change. If possible, I would do one thing all day long - let it be difficult and confused, but one thing. And if there are still 3 such cases, then he must know about this in advance in order to have time to "distribute" his forces according to each case. Outwardly, he is too restrained - the interlocutors are often at a loss about their attitude even to the discussion itself, not to mention some other issues. Nothing is written on the face. They often prefer to leave questions unanswered. Due to their certain secrecy, people do not seek to get close to them. They are often referred to as "the still waters run wild".
Professional Realization: in professions where endurance and diligence are needed: doctors, teachers, assembly line workers, lawyers, investigators, system administrators, scientists, engineers, mechanics.
Time Sense: underestimated - a minute of phlegmatic lasts longer than a real one, so they are often slow. Decisions are made just in time. To be somewhere on time, they have to calculate their time or adhere to rules like "I always leave 2 hours before the meeting." The tasks entrusted to them are completed on time, but not earlier. Because most of the time allotted for the work entrusted to him, he will think about how to do it in the best way and at the lowest cost of effort and time. And he really thinks about it, even if you find him playing table tennis during work hours before the time of the report. Don't worry about this. Phlegmatic responsibly treats his work, and always brings the matter to the end and on time.
Sport: all sports in a limited space, where you can economically distribute forces: wrestling, martial arts, tennis, shooting.
Their most characteristic phrase:"yes, it's troublesome..." that's why they don't seek company, don't show initiative, and don't confront anyone openly. However, if the phlegmatic is asked for something, he quite easily agrees to help and does everything exceptionally well and on time.
3. Choleric (irrational extrovert). Stress tolerance is lower than that of a phlegmatic. Inertia is low. Easily takes on any undertakings. Unfortunately, he does not distribute his forces well, therefore he is inclined to leave things unfinished. Choleric loves everything new. He often, to his surprise, rejoices not only at good changes, but also at bad ones. Changes are important for him no less than air, they contain all the salt of life. The instability of the nervous system results in the irrationality of thinking. He does not operate with such concepts as "profitable - not profitable" or "useful or not useful." They are subject to emotions and mood swings. Everything he thinks is written on his face. Lecturers in classrooms often read their lectures as if for them. It turns out this is not arbitrary. It's just that they have an emotional return and the lecturer sees which moments of the lecture are of particular interest, even when the choleric person is silent throughout the lecture. Choleric dreamer. He often has his head in the clouds. It is very easy to get carried away by the creative process. And if a muse has descended on him, then at that moment it is better for him not to fall under the arm - he will sweep away and leave no trace.
Strengths of the Choleric: No, no, do not think that choleric people do not know how to control themselves! They know how! The fact is that in a critical situation, when something happened, in moments of urgent need, the choleric instantly concentrates and makes the right decision. In group conflicts, he most often calms down and takes the position of an observer. He analyzes the situation well and takes it under his control. He lets passions pour out, and listens to everyone silently. He analyzes and issues one general summary in a calm tone full of conviction, so that he manages to collect all the vectors of opposition in one direction and, if necessary, add his own vision of the situation to them.
Choleric innovator. He has good penetration ability. He is ready to go where it is practically impassable and will pass, and will achieve if he learns to bring things to the end. These are people who can quickly concentrate on the go and make the right decisions. But they cannot constantly live in a state of tension - their vitality is not enough. He approaches any work creatively and looks for new opportunities to expand his activities. Constantly strive to introduce something new.
Weaknesses of the Choleric: Drops things half way. Often torn between several cases or projects, as a result of which no one thing stands on its own two feet. He has very broad interests, but he does not have the patience to work out at least one direction. Therefore, all his knowledge is superficial - a little bit about everything. In other matters, he quickly learns to capture the essence and highlight the main thing. A choleric person cannot concentrate on one thing for a long time. He always makes all sorts of revolutions in the collectives. You won't get bored with him. But he himself often gets tired of himself, so he is looking for calm and balanced people as friends. In general, this is a king, constantly throwing his crown and going to the monastery. At these moments, he just needs to be forced to rest and he will return and continue the work he has begun. Unfortunately, due to his enthusiasm and excessive emotionality, he does not feel the moments when it is time to relax and gain strength. In this he needs outside help.
Professional Realization: These can be professions associated with extreme circumstances, creativity, as well as short-term project tasks - rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, artistic activities, athletes, innovative managers, people involved in marketing, politicians, lawyers, investigators.
Time Sense: The choleric person feels great about time and feels good when it does not fit into it. He does not fit in time because of his disorganization and constant switching and throwing between different things. He has to deliberately learn to stop, evaluate situations without emotion (rationally), and force himself to fit into the box. For a choleric, this is not natural.
Sport: extreme sports, outdoor recreation, in the mountains, diving.
Most characteristic phrase:"I don't know what will happen next ... we'll see." And he really does not know, because he is in constant search.
4. Melancholic (irrational introvert). The weakest type of nervous system with high inertia. There is little life force. If the sanguine is like a minion of fate, then the melancholic, it seems, is always unlucky. In fact, this is exactly the case when there is strength in weakness. No need to think that a melancholic is someone who is always sad. Nothing like this. It is really more difficult for him than others to adapt to life in this difficult world, where everyone strives to survive, including sanguine people. They often feel that they are not a lot or people "not of this world."
They often strive to prove to everyone that they are the same as everyone else. And behind these efforts they lose their individuality. In fact, everything is not so scary. Like any other temperament, the melancholic is also necessary for society and may well realize itself and be happy, while remaining a melancholic. You just need to understand that a melancholic is a refined nature. This is a romantic and creative person. When he is passionate, he can work for a day, two, three - a week for a span without sleep and rest. During this time, it should not be touched. The muse visited him! And it doesn’t matter what the muse is: songs, music, poetry, or sewing, or science. For as long as she sits next to him, he is literally lost to society. But it won't be long. He will pour it all into something material - give birth)) and return to normal life.
He can work quite well under stress, even as a sanguine person, but not for long. His vitality is simply not enough for that. After working in this mode for a week, he needs three weeks of rest to restore strength. Strives to where there are fewer people in order to be able to retire. Therefore, most often sleeps during the day, and lives at night. Most often they are owls. In critical situations, he endures for a very long time - it is very difficult to piss him off, but if he still succeeded, he gathers all the rest of his strength and literally brings down all these emotions on the side in conflict with him, so their reaction is often inadequate. And this is where people get confused - "but he said, there are no forces ...", but there really are more forces, not at all. Therefore, there comes a moment of helplessness and tears into the pillow.
Melancholic strengths: The melancholic is just the type who can create in the most significant sense, creating the new, and not recreating the old in a new form. He is very sensitive to the world. All his creativity stems from his special world of sensation. After all, he spends a lot of time in the clouds, thinking and thinking. He understands and feels the mood of people and knows how to empathize like no one else. The melancholic will bear on his shoulders any difficulties associated with the health of a loved one and will not leave a friend in trouble. He can concentrate well in moments of creative upsurge. And can work hard on research.
Weaknesses of the melancholic: High inertia - very difficult to swing. He can hatch plans to do something for a very long time. And when he is passionately engaged in something, he cannot stop and switch to another matter. Therefore, he prefers to ignore everyone and everything, going headlong into his own business. After all, if he switches, he may never return to what has already been started. In this, his "brother" in terms of the irrational type of thinking, the choleric, is similar to him. But if the choleric nevertheless forces himself not to switch, the melancholic simply cannot switch. It takes effort to force yourself to break away from the creation of the next masterpiece and go to bed for at least 4 hours before the start of the working day. What to say about the state in which he will come to work? The inept distribution of forces is the reason for the failures of the melancholic. There are few forces, so they must be used very, very correctly and economically, and this is very, very boring for him. There is another option - without forcing yourself, pick up an activity that will allow them to live in their own rhythm. Chaos always reigns at home. Oh no, sorry, certainly not chaos! He's just so comfortable. It's just a business mess. He lives in another world and therefore he has no desire to comb the real world. The order makes it be somewhere close to the ground.
Professional Realization: melancholic people are people of art in the first place. Actors and directors. They have many feelings and experiences that are literally torn to freedom. They are characterized by mannerisms of movement. They subtly understand the feelings of others and know how to support in difficult times. Their poetic soul knows how to penetrate into the depths of another soul. Therefore, they make good psychologists and, in general, consultants who work, though not with the public, but face-to-face. These are child psychologists and speech therapists, teachers in music and art schools, and social workers. It should be noted here the following - a melancholic is a creator, but not a seller! He is completely devoid of a commercial vein, and simply does not know how to present himself. Therefore, success and its implementation largely depends on someone who could take on these chores.
Time Sense: melancholic time flows more slowly than real time. He says: "just a minute" - get ready to wait half an hour. He is almost always and everywhere late. In the company, if he tells something, then a teaspoon per hour. In his "suitcase of time" is placed very little.
Sport: sports and ballroom dancing, rhythmic gymnastics, ice skating, acrobatics. In any case, these should be beautiful sports.
Most characteristic phrase:"I'm tired" - well, what can I say ... it is. The melancholic simply needs to sleep more than the rest. Therefore, it is better not to allow yourself to turn day and night.
