Difficult sentence- this is a sentence that has in its composition at least two grammatical bases (at least two simple sentences) and represents a semantic and grammatical unity, formalized intonation.

For example: In front of us, the brown, clayey shore sloped steeply, and behind us a wide grove darkened.

Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonation-semantic completeness and are called predicative parts (constructions) of a complex sentence.

Difficult sentence closely related to a simple sentence, but differs from it both structurally and in the nature of the message.

Therefore, to determine difficult sentence- this means, first of all, to identify the features that distinguish it from a simple sentence.

The structural difference is obvious: A complex sentence is a grammatical combination of sentences (parts) somehow adapted to each other, while a simple sentence is a unit that functions outside of such a combination(hence its definition as a simple sentence). As part of a complex sentence, its parts are characterized by grammatical and intonational interconnectedness, as well as the interdependence of content. In communicative terms, the difference between simple and complex sentences comes down to the difference in the amount of messages they convey.

A simple, uncommon sentence reports one single situation.

For example: The boy writes; The girl is reading; Evening; Winter came; We have guests; I'm having fun.

Difficult sentence reports several situations and the relationship between them or (specific case) one situation and the attitude towards it on the part of its participants or the person speaking.

For example: The boy writes and the girl reads; When the boy writes, the girl reads; He doubts that you will like this book; I am afraid that my arrival will not please anyone.

Thus, difficult sentence- this is an integral syntactic unit, which is a grammatically formed combination of sentences and functions as a message about two or more situations and about the relationship between them.

Depending on the method of linking simple sentences as part of a complex All complex sentences are divided into two main types: non-union (communication is carried out only with the help of intonation) and allied (communication is carried out not only with the help of intonation, but also with the help of special means of communication: unions and allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs).

Allied sentences are divided into compound and compound sentences.

In compound sentences, simple sentences are joined by coordinating conjunctions. and, but, or, then ... then and others. Parts of a compound sentence are, as a rule, equal in meaning.

In complex sentences, simple sentences are connected by subordinating conjunctions. what, to, how, if, since, though etc. and allied words which, whose, where, where and others, which express different meanings of dependence: cause, effect, purpose, condition etc.

As part of a complex sentence, the main and subordinate clauses are distinguished (or, which is the same, the main and subordinate clauses).

subordinate clause that part of the complex sentence is called, which contains a subordinating union or an allied pronominal word; the main clause is that part of the complex sentence to which the subordinate clause is attached (or to which it is correlated).

In the schemes of non-union and compound sentences, simple sentences are indicated by square brackets, the main sentence as part of a complex sentence is also indicated, while subordinate clauses are enclosed in parentheses. The diagrams indicate the means of communication and punctuation marks.

For example:

1) Seagulls circled over the lake, two or three launches could be seen in the distance.

, . - non-union complex sentence (BSP).

2)The driver slammed the door and the car sped off.

AND . - compound sentence (CSP).

3) I knew that in the morning my mother would go to the field to harvest rye.

, (what...). - complex sentence (CSP).

A special group of complex sentences are sentences with different types of connection.

For example: Painting is poetry seen and poetry is painting heard(Leonardo da Vinci). This is a complex sentence with composition and submission.

The scheme of this sentence:, (which ...), but, (which ...).

Coordinating and subordinating connections in a complex sentence are not identical to the coordinating and subordinating connections in a phrase and a simple sentence.

Main differences come down to the following.

In a complex sentence, a sharp boundary cannot always be drawn between composition and subordination: in many cases, the same relationship can be framed by both a coordinating and a subordinating union.

The writing and subordination of the proposalth - these are such ways of discovering the semantic relations existing between them, of which one (the composition) conveys these relations in a less dissected form, and the other (subordination) in a more differentiated form. In other words, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions differ primarily in their revealing (formalizing) capabilities.

So, for example, if, in a subordinating relationship, concessive, causal or conditional relationships receive a specialized, unambiguous expression with the help of unions though, because if, then when composing, all these meanings can be framed by the same connecting union and.

For example: You can be an excellent doctor - and at the same time not know people at all(Chekhov); You came - and light, The winter dream was blown away, And spring hummed in the forest.(Block); Winter is like a magnificent wake. Get out of the house, Add currants to the twilight, Pour wine over - that's kutya(Parsnip); The child was not messed with - and he does not know music(V. Meyerhold).

Likewise, adversarial conjunctions a and but can form a concessive relationship: The boy was small, but he spoke and behaved with dignity.(Trifonov); He's a celebrity, but he has a simple soul(Chekhov); conditional: My enthusiasm can cool, and then everything is lost(Aksakov); investigative: I know that you are saying all this in annoyance, and therefore I am not angry with you.(Chekhov); comparative-comparative: It would be necessary to laugh until you drop over my antics, and you are the guard(Chekhov).

When prompted, disjunctive unions can form a conditional meaning, which, within the framework of a subordinating relationship, is expressed by the union if (not) ... then: You marry or I will curse you(Pushk.); Either you get dressed now, or I'll go alone(Letters); One of two things: either he takes her away, act energetically, or give a divorce(L. Tolstoy). Precisely because, by the nature of the relations expressed, composition and subordination of sentences are not sharply opposed to each other, a close interaction is revealed between them.

2)The coordinative connection in a complex sentence is independent ; in a simple sentence, it is associated with an expression of the relation of syntactic homogeneity. Another difference is also significant: in a simple sentence, the composition serves only the purpose of expanding, complicating the message; in a complex sentence, a composition is one of two types of syntactic connection that organizes such a sentence itself.

3) Composing and subjugation are correlated with non-union in different ways.

The writing is close to non-union. The revealing (formalizing) possibilities of composition are weaker in comparison with the possibilities of subordination, and from this point of view, composition is not only not equivalent to subordination, but is also much further away from it than from non-union.

The composition is both a syntactic and lexical way of communication: the relationship that arises between sentences on the basis of their semantic interaction with each other, as already noted, does not receive an unambiguous expression here, but is characterized only in the most general and undifferentiated form.

Further concretization and narrowing of this meaning is carried out in the same way as with non-union, based on the general semantics of the combined sentences or (where possible) on certain lexical indicators: particles, introductory words, demonstrative and anaphoric pronouns and pronominal phrases. In some cases, differentiating functions are taken over by the ratio of species, temporal forms and moods.

So, the conditional-investigative meaning in sentences with the union and comes to light more clearly when combining forms of the imperative mood (usually, but not necessarily - perfective verbs) in the first sentence with forms of other moods or with forms of the present-future tense - in the second: Experience constancy in good deeds, and then only call a person virtuous(Griboedov, correspondence).

If coordinating conjunctions are easily and naturally combined with lexical means of communication, forming unstable allied compounds with them ( and here, here and, well and, and therefore, and therefore, and therefore, therefore, and, therefore, and therefore, and therefore, therefore, and, and then, then and, and on that condition etc.), then the subordinating conjunctions themselves quite clearly differentiate the semantic relations between sentences.

4) However, the subordinating relationship in a complex sentence is less unambiguous than in a phrase. It very often happens that some component of the meaning that is created by the interaction of sentences in the complex remains outside the revealing possibilities of the subordinating conjunction, counteracting its meaning or, on the contrary, enriching it in one way or another.

So, for example, in complex sentences with the union when, if there is a message in the main sentence about emotional reactions or states, against the background of the actual temporary meaning, elements of the causal meaning appear with greater or lesser force: The poor teacher covered his face with his hands when he heard about such an act of his former students.(Gogol); [Masha:] Rudeness excites and offends me, I suffer when I see that a person is not subtle enough, not soft enough, amiable enough.(Chekhov); A native railway station painted with ocher appeared. My heart skipped a beat when I heard the ringing of the station bell(Belov).

If the content of the subordinate clause is evaluated from the point of view of necessity or desirability, the temporal meaning is complicated by the target: Such cute things are said when they want to justify their indifference.(Chekhov). In other cases, with the union when comparative values ​​are found ( No one got up yet, when I was ready at all. (Aksakov) or inconsistencies ( What kind of groom is here, when is he just afraid to come?(Dostovsky).

As the third type of connection in a complex sentence, it is often distinguished unionless connection .

However, with the exception of one particular case, when the relations between asyndically connected sentences (conditional) are expressed by a completely definite ratio of predicate forms ( If I didn't invite him, he would be offended; If there was a real friend nearby, trouble would not have happened), non-conjunction is not a grammatical connection.

Therefore, the distinction between composition and subordination in relation to non-union turns out to be impossible, although in the semantic plan, a well-defined correlation is established between different types of non-union, compound and complex sentences.

So, for example, by the nature of the relationship, combinations of sentences are very close to the sphere of subordination, of which one occupies the position of an object distributor in the other ( I hear knocking somewhere), or characterizes what is reported in another sentence, in terms of certain accompanying circumstances ( What was the snow, I was walking!, i.e. (when I walked)). Relations that develop between sentences during non-union can receive a non-grammatical expression with the help of certain, to varying degrees, specialized elements of vocabulary: pronominal words, particles, introductory words and adverbs, which are also used as auxiliary means in complex sentences of allied types, especially compound ones.

The combination of two or more sentences into one complex sentence is accompanied by their formal, modal, intonation and content adaptation to each other. Sentences that are parts of a complex one do not have intonational, and often meaningful (informative) completeness; such completeness characterizes the entire complex sentence as a whole.

As part of a complex sentence, the modal characteristics of the combined sentences undergo significant changes:

firstly, the objective-modal meanings of the parts enter into various interactions here, and as a result of these interactions a new modal meaning is formed, which already refers the entire message contained in the complex sentence as a whole to the plane of reality or unreality;

secondly, conjunctions (primarily subordinating) can take an active part in the formation of the modal characteristics of a complex sentence, which make their own adjustments to the modal meanings of both parts of the complex sentence and their combination with each other;

thirdly, finally, in a complex sentence, in contrast to a simple one, a close connection and dependence of objective-modal meanings and those subjective-modal meanings that are very often found in the unions themselves and in their analogues are found.

A feature of the sentences that make up a complex sentence may be the incompleteness of one of them (usually not the first), due to the tendency to non-repetition in a complex sentence of those semantic components that are common to both of its parts. The mutual adaptation of sentences when they are combined into a complex one can manifest itself in word order, mutual restrictions of types, forms of tense and mood, in restrictions on the target setting of the message. As part of a complex sentence, the main part may have an open syntactic position for the subordinate clause. In this case, the main part also has special means for indicating this position; such means are demonstrative pronominal words. Types and methods of formal adaptation of sentences when they are combined into a complex syntactic unit are considered when describing specific types of a complex sentence.

All our communication takes place through words. You can talk with the interlocutor, or you can write letters. Words are formed into sentences, being the basis for written and oral speech. And often, when compiling a complex sentence, doubt arises about its infallibility.

Definition of a complex sentence

A complex sentence can be represented as a unity of several simple sentences. Bound by semantic and grammatical unity, formalized intonationally, a complex sentence has at least two grammatical bases (subject and predicate).

For example: It rained in the morning, and the roads were covered with shiny puddles. . This sentence has two grammatical bases - it was raining and the roads were covered.

Types of complex sentences

All types of complex sentences that exist in the Russian language can be represented as a diagram:

The formation of allied complex sentences occurs with the help of a union. They are different for each species.

Compound sentence

In such a sentence, the parts are equal and independent of each other, questions from one to the other are not asked.

Depending on the unions present in the sentence, compound sentences are divided into three groups:

• Connecting. Events occur sequentially or simultaneously. These include unions AND, ALSO, ALSO, YES, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, YES AND ( It was already quite dark, and it was necessary to part).
• Opposite. Actions are opposed to each other, unions BUT, A, YES, HOWEVER, ZATO, SAME are used ( We waited for them for a very long time, but they never came.).
• Dividing. Events alternate or mutually exclude. The unions EITHER, OR, THAT ... THAT, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, OR ... OR ( Is the sun shining or is it raining).

Complex sentence

The main difference between such proposals is the presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) parts. Simple sentences are connected by subordinating conjunctions and allied words WHAT, TO, IF, WHEN, WHY, ALTHOUGH, WHAT, BEFORE, etc., which are always placed in the subordinate part. It, in turn, can be located both in front of the main part, and in its middle or at the end ( We will go sunbathing if the weather is good).

Unionless proposal

The combination of simple sentences occurs without the help of unions or allied words, but only with intonation and meaning. Union-free complex sentences are divided into two types: equal - the order of the parts of the sentence is free ( Spring has come, the birds sang songs louder), and unequal - when one of the parts carries the main meaning of the statement, while others reveal it ( I like spring: the sun warms, the snow melts, the first snowdrops appear).

Punctuation in complex sentences

When deciding which punctuation mark to use in complex sentences, one should adhere to the rule that simple sentences are always separated. In most cases, this is a comma. But there are exceptions.

In a compound sentence, a comma is not put if its parts are separated by the unions AND, OR, OR and have a common subordinate clause or a common secondary member ( The earth was covered with a white blanket of snow and dried frost). Also, a comma is not placed between two interrogative sentences ( What time is it and when will father come?).

A complex sentence does not have a comma in the case when several homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by conjunctions AND, OR (I think that today is a beautiful day and you can go for a walk). Expressions such as WHATEVER IT WORKS, WHO IS GOOD FOR WHAT, AS IF NOTHING HAPPENED, etc. are not subordinate clauses and are not separated by a comma.

In an allied sentence, there is always a punctuation mark, the main thing is to figure out which one. A colon is placed when the subordinate clause contains a reason, explanation or addition to the main one. In this case, the colon can be conditionally replaced by the unions WHAT, BECAUSE, WHAT ( I love summer: (=because) you can walk longer). A dash is usually used where there is a contrast, conclusion or result, and also indicates the time of the action. With a quick change of events, a dash is also put ( Cheese fell out - with him there was such a cheat). In all other cases, a comma is placed in the non-union sentence.

Perhaps the expression complex sentence sounds a little intimidating. But there is nothing really complicated about it. Remembering the signs by which they differ, you can easily compose a beautiful and competent text.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words are the connecting link between the main and dependent clause in a complex sentence (CSP). Here is a list of allied words and subordinating conjunctions, depending on what kind of subordinate clause they attach in meaning.

Subordinating conjunctions

Unlike unions, words of the service part of speech, they play the role of a union and at the same time remain full members of the sentence.

I was asked who I was, first in Portuguese, then in Spanish, then in French, but I did not know any of these languages ​​(Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe).

• (Who?) I- is the subject;
• (What does it say about me?) who it- compound nominal predicate.

We list allied words - pronouns:

• who;
• what;
• which;
• what;
• which;
• whose;
• how much (how much).

Examples of sentences with allied words - pronouns

Let me ask you, who has the honor of being the first? (Arthur Conan Doyle. Hound of the Baskervilles).

Berlioz looked around sadly, not understanding what frightened him (M. N. Bulgakov. The Master and Margarita).

Sometimes the gentleman, no matter how angry he was, would calm down with her and talk graciously to me (A. S. Pushkin. Belkin's Tales).

There was no answer, except for that general answer that life gives to all the most complex and insoluble questions (Leo Tolstoy. Anna Karenina).

But what this period was, he did not know and could not find out (Anatoly Rybakov. Children of the Arbat).

Is he really doomed to perish, this young man with a beautiful strong body, a young man whose voice sounds like a call of a bugle and the ringing of weapons? (Jack London. Iron heel).

But come on, how much is still unspoiled, childish in it (Boris Pasternak. Doctor Zhivago).

But he was already in such a rage that he did not notice how futile his efforts were (Jack London. Hearts of Three).

Allied words are pronominal adverbs:

• where;
• why;
• as;
• when;
• where;
• from where;
• why;
• why;
• how much.

Examples of sentences with allied words - adverbs

A rich collection of pistols was the only luxury of the poor hut where he lived (A. S. Pushkin. Belkin's Tales).

They guessed why the tsar called to the palace (Alexei Tolstoy. Peter the Great).

It is not known how he did it, but only his nose sounded like a pipe (N.V. Gogol. Dead Souls).

And when he opened them, he saw that everything was over, the haze dissolved, the checkered one disappeared, and at the same time a blunt needle jumped out of the heart (M.N. Bulgakov. Master and Margarita).

He did not understand where he was walking, spreading his legs wide, but his legs knew perfectly well where they were carrying him (Boris Pasternak. Doctor Zhivago).

Two were already driving forward to the place where they were supposed to let them in (Leo Tolstoy. Anna Karenina).

Maud released his hand, causing his fingers to open slightly and the pencil fell out (Jack London. Sea Wolf).

Then he lost his patience and began to grumble why he is always forced to do what he does not want (Mark Twain. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer).

Yura understood how much he owed his uncle the general properties of his character (Boris Pasternak. Doctor Zhivago).

How to distinguish unions from allied words

Subordinating unions are not members of the subordinate clause, but serve only to attach clauses to the main or another clause.

For example:

It is bitter to think that life will pass without grief and without happiness, in the bustle of daily worries. (I. Bunin.)

Compare:

My father guessed what was in my soul (Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe).

allied words not only attach subordinate clauses to the main (or other subordinate clause), but also are members of subordinate clauses.

For example:

In autumn, birds fly away to places where it is always warm.

I don't know why he did it.

In these sentences, allied words "where" and "why" are circumstances.

Words that form two roots are called complex.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), vacuum cleaner(the roots are dust- and sos-, the letter e is a connecting vowel).

Proposals are also difficult. In them, as in words, several parts are connected.

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The children entered the classroom.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys went into the classroom, the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammar.

A sentence with one grammatical basis simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 offers simple, because in each of them on one basis.

4 offer complex, consists of three simple sentences. Each part of a complex sentence has its main members, its own basis.

A sentence that has two or more grammatical bases difficult sentence. Compound sentences are made up of several simple sentences. How many simple sentences, so many parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple ones joined together.

Having united, these parts continue, complement each other, turn different thoughts into one, more complete one. In oral speech, on the border of parts of a complex sentence, there is no intonation of the end of each thought.

Remember: In written speech, commas are most often placed between parts of a complex sentence.

Decide if the sentence is complex or simple

Determine if the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (bases) of the sentences and count how many bases are in each.

1) At the edge of the forest, the voices of birds are already heard.

2) The tits sing, the woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the thawed fields will be exposed, the streams will murmur, the rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) Birds are already heard at the edge of the forest. vote.

2) chant tits, loudly taps its beak woodpecker.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chant - the first basis.

Who? dude what is he doing? taps - the second basis.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon sun better warm the earth, turn black roads, naked in the fields thawed patches, murmur streamlets, perhaps rooks.

What? the sun, what will it do? warm - the first basis.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams murmur - the fourth basis.

Rooks welcome - the fifth base.

This is a compound sentence with five parts.

We observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , cold sky often frowns.

Parts 1 of a complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) Warmed up during the day sun, a at night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind calmed down , and weather improved.

4) The sun just got up , but his rays already illuminated the tops of the trees.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The union is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. The union connects words, and the unions a, but also help to oppose something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are joined by unions (and, but, but), a comma is placed before the union.

Compare sentence schemes and memorize the rules for setting a comma

The sentences of our language are very diverse. Sometimes with one subject there can be several predicates, or with one predicate there can be several subjects. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous member.

In simple sentences with homogeneous members and in complex sentences between their parts, the same unions are used: and, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but always put a comma.

2. Union and requires special attention: connects homogeneous members - a comma is most often not put; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's put commas

1) At night dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since one stem, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union and connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not put.

2) People were sleeping and dog guarded them jealously.

The proposal is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union and connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the union.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give into hands.

The proposal is simple, since one stem, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, shouted, did not give up. before the union but always put a comma. We put commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but forest still covered with snow in winter.

The proposal is complex, since there are two foundations - spring is shining, the forest is covered. before the union but always put a comma.

What words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence?

Sentences that include words that, that, therefore, because, are most often complex. These words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw what she-wolf climbed into the hole with the cubs.

what a comma is placed.

All night long winter knitted lace patterns, to dressed up trees. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence, before the word to a comma is placed.

Birds know how to communicateabout everything in a voice , That's why they sing.

This is a complex sentence, before the word That's why a comma is placed.

I love fairy tales because in them good evil always wins.

This is a complex sentence, before the word because a comma is placed.

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Preparation for exams in Russian:

Compound sentences are complex sentences consisting of relatively independent, equal in meaning parts, interconnected by various coordinating conjunctions.

Half an hour later the door opened and Peter went out.(A.S. Pushkin)

Natasha winked at her brother, and both did not hold back for long and laughed loudly.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Under blue skies, magnificent carpets, shining in the sun, snow lies; the transparent forest alone turns black, and the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost, and the river glistens under the ice.(A.S. Pushkin)

Houses burned at night, and the wind blew, and black bodies on the gallows swayed from the wind, and ravens screamed above them.(A.I. Kuprin)

The old prince was still in the city, and they were waiting for him every minute.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Hadji Murad stopped, his tanned face turned brown, and his eyes filled with blood.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Tormented by spiritual thirst, I dragged myself in the gloomy desert, and a six-winged seraphim appeared to me at the crossroads.(A.S. Pushkin)

Princess Marya read the paper, and dry sobs twitched her face.(L.N. Tolstoy)

One day he fell asleep with the thought of the Madonna, and, probably, some angel woke him up.(R. Santi)

Liza listened with enthusiasm, and her new acquaintance, with her unrestrained, eager speech, seemed very entertaining...(K.A. Fedin)

The indignation grew, and the ladies began to talk about him in different corners in the most unfavorable way ...(N.V. Gogol)

The front doors were locked and everything was asleep.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The ceilings were everywhere painted with colorful patterns, and the small white doors always shone as if they had been painted the day before; soft paths led from room to room throughout the house.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

The princess was sitting with the Moscow dandy on a bench in the covered gallery, and both seemed to be engaged in a serious conversation.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Ahead, in the smoke, rows of gray overcoats were already visible, and the officer, seeing Bagration, ran screaming after the soldiers.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The coachman suddenly reined in the horses, and the carriage stopped in front of a house repainted grey...(A.P. Chekhov)

The children were probably very friendly, and fast Vasya was used to reading the truth from the face of the calm, clever Zina.(M.M. Prishvin)

She is tall, light and slender, and her luminous face is beautiful.(A.I. Kuprin)

From time to time, a wagon, broken by Kalmyk herders, will turn black in the distance, and a school of steppe horses will pass.(A.S. Serafimovich)

We were alone; only the sparrows fussed about and the swallows silently flew in and out of the windows of the old chapel...(V.G. Korolenko)

These figures did not at all resemble the aristocratic beggars from the castle - the city did not recognize them, and their relations with the city were of a purely militant nature.(V.G. Korolenko)

Old crosses crowded into a heap. Neither the viburnum grows between them, nor the grass turns green, only the moon warms them from the heavenly heights.(N.V. Gogol)

You are always good incomparably,
But when I'm sad and gloomy
Lives up so inspiring
Your cheerful, mocking mind.(N. Nekrasov)

You throw yourself on the ground, you are drunk, but you are too lazy to move.(I.S. Turgenev)

Spring shone in the sky, but the forest was still covered with snow in winter.(M.M. Prishvin)

The low sun no longer warms, but shines brighter than summer.(I.S. Turgenev)

Our grandfather turned seventy-seven this year, but he still does not let up, he works from morning to night, and in his free time he even goes hunting.(M.M. Prishvin)

In the evening he was going to Murmansk, but the damned blizzard confused all the calculations.(V. Kaverin)

The ants loosened the ground, it was overgrown with lingonberries on top, and a mushroom was born under the berry.(M.M. Prishvin)

This is how woodpeckers hammer a tree, and the tree, weakening, fills everything with resin.(M.M. Prishvin)

During the injection, the patient closed his eyes, and gray mice seemed to run across his face during the infusion.(M.M. Prishvin)

The rooms were stuffy, and the streets were full of dust and hats were torn off.(A.P. Chekhov)

The elegant crowd dispersed, no faces were visible anymore, the wind died down completely, and Gurov and Anna Sergeevna stood, as if waiting to see if anyone else would get off the ship.(A.P. Chekhov)

It was difficult for us to speak, since I did not know Matilda's language well enough, and she did not know mine at all, but we understood a lot beyond words.(V.Ya. Bryusov)

Then she quickly ran upstairs, and I remained at the wall, with outstretched hands.(V.Ya. Bryusov)

Just like the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows and the high sky has turned over like a pale green bowl.(K.G. Paustovsky)

The tops of the birches were golden in the first rays of the sun, but below everything was asleep.(B.M. Nemensky)

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one part is subordinate to the other in meaning and is connected with it by a subordinating union or allied word.

I noticed that itinerant singers, acrobats, even magicians like to call themselves artists.(L. Tolstoy)

But the building and the very fact that I studied here did not make any impression on my friends.(V. Soloukhin)

In the cloudy bubble of light, the old men sat so that only the corner of the light separated them.(M. Gorky)

The boy carefully walked between the stones, where the snakes flickered.(A. Serafimovich)

I decided to come to the gallery as early as possible to warn all visitors.(V.A. Zhukovsky)

Porfiry Vladimirych sat where he was, shaking his head in an agonizing way, as though he really had been pressed against the wall.(M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)

The hut and the yard, everything began to slowly collapse, as happens in rundown orphanages.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

We sat on the corner of the bastion, so that we could see everything in both directions.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

In the "Sistine Madonna" there is a flexible, all-pervading movement, without which it is difficult to create the impression of life in painting.(M.V. Alpatov)

These days, events took place that turned the whole village upside down.(F. Gladkov)

I want to tell you about a book that I have kept since I was the age of readers of Pionerskaya Pravda.(A.T. Tvardovsky)

I am the one you listened to in the midnight silence.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

He pointed to the middle of the parade ground, where stood a stuffed animal made of damp clay, representing some semblance of a human figure, only without arms and without legs.(A.I. Kuprin)

Once Lavrov was sitting on a bench on the upper deck near the captain's bridge, where there were no passengers.(K.G. Paustovsky)

The spring sun seemed to eat away at the planted snowdrifts until the first spring thawed patches appeared.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

When we left the station, a bluish light was already glimmering over Feodosia.(K.G. Paustovsky)

And in the distance, where the sun rises in summer, the star of the Kremlin tower is visible.(Yu. Kazakov)

There, behind the sheds, he could not see anything, because there was a huge snowdrift there.(M.M. Prishvin)

After that, Anya did not have a single free day, as she took part either in a picnic, or in a walk, or in a play.(A.P. Chekhov)

ASSOCIATED COMPLEX PROPOSALS

A non-union sentence is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected not by unions and allied words, but by meaning, intonation, by the ratio of the aspect-temporal forms of verbs and the order of the parts.

The sky darkens around the edges; the still air blazes with prickly heat.(I.S. Turgenev)

Brocade fabrics are not kept behind her, a crown does not flicker on her head.(M.V. Alpatov)

There were no men at that hour, everyone dispersed in the morning.(Ch. Aitmatov)

Ears of wheat hit you in the face, cornflowers cling to your legs, quails scream around, the horse runs at a lazy trot.(I.S. Turgenev)

Suddenly there was a sharp whoop, the troika in front of us seemed to soar, rush and, having reached the bridge, at once stopped as if rooted to the side of the road.(I.S. Turgenev)

There was a snowstorm outside; the wind howled, the shutters shook and rattled; everything seemed to her a threat and a sad omen.(A.S. Pushkin)

You greeted him, moved away - the sonorous clang of a scythe is heard behind you.(I.S. Turgenev)

In some places in the distance ripening rye turns yellow, buckwheat turns red in narrow stripes.(I.S. Turgenev)

But here one circumstance seemed strange to him: the two who landed on the shore were similar to each other, like two oars.(A.N. Tolstoy)

The cottage in the stunted birch forest seemed uninhabited - the porch was rotten, the windows were boarded up with boards over the shutters. The glass on the mezzanine was shattered, the corners of the house were overgrown with moss under the remains of drainpipes, and quinoa grew under the window sills.(A.N. Tolstoy)

There were two caps on each vial: one metal - easily removed, the other rubber.(M.M. Prishvin)

Suvorov sat calmly in his sprawling armchairs; he leaned back on the soft back and listened attentively to Rumyantsev's rapid speech.(S.T. Grigoriev)

He looked back: two clouds of gray smoke rose above the two guns and stretched along the beam.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The ships were here for five months; a year has already passed since the departure from the harbor of Suu.(I. Efremov)

But suddenly his face frowned, his eyes rolled up, his breathing stopped...(A.P. Chekhov)

Chervyakov was not at all embarrassed;(A.P. Chekhov)

The frayed sails, many times repaired, rose again, the oars creaked in the frayed tree.(I. Efremov)

A monotonous sandy shore unfolded like a long ribbon; the cliffs that rose in the distance were painted in the sun's rays in multi-colored, now gloomy, now joyful patterns.(I. Efremov)

Wonderful hail sometimes merge
From flying clouds;
But only the wind will touch him,
It will disappear without a trace.(E. Baratynsky)