Republic of Tatarstan is a significant member of the Russian Federation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tatarstan, like the whole country, went through hard times. Skillful leadership was able to quickly stabilize the situation and thereby ensured rapid economic growth. As a result of the economic recovery, the cities of the republic began to be updated: modern residential complexes have appeared, infrastructure is successfully developing, empty or abandoned territories are being developed.

Cities of Tatarstan

It is difficult to name the best city in Tatarstan - they all have their own merits, but we will try to do it.

Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, a large port settlement located on the left bank of the Volga - at its confluence with the Kazanka River. The most important economic, political, scientific, educational, sports center of the republic, considered the third capital of the Russian Federation, in 2005 crossed its thousand-year milestone. The city ranks third on the European continent among promising tourist centers. Over the past 20 years, the population has increased by 93 thousand people and today stands at 1.2 million.

Naberezhnye Chelny- the second largest city of the republic, numbering over 500 thousand inhabitants, is located on the banks of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir, in the north-east of the republic. It is a large industrial center of the Nizhnekamsk industrial complex. After a temporary decline in the industry of the first years of the post-Soviet period, a new era of development of Naberezhnye Chelny began in 2000, raising the standard of living of the townspeople to today's high standards. Despite the industrial focus, there are museums, theaters, a dolphinarium, and its own football and hockey teams. Great importance is given to sports infrastructure: sports complexes, several swimming pools, a motor track, a hippodrome and even a ski complex.

Yelabuga- in 2007 it met its millennium, located 200 km east of the capital, at the confluence of the Kama and Toyma rivers. It is an example of merchant architecture of the century before last. 73 thousand inhabitants inhabit the historical and industrial district center. Thanks to the special economic zone, which appeared here as one of the first in the vastness of modern Russia, the city is developing rapidly and dynamically. Thanks to steady economic growth, the social sphere is at the proper level, and numerous historical architectural monuments are maintained in excellent condition - over the past few years, a deep reconstruction of especially significant objects has been carried out.

Bugulma- the administrative district center, which was founded in 1736. The location of the settlement on the Orenburg-Kazan trade route turned a small settlement into a large trading center of the region. Suffice it to say that UNESCO marked the city with the Palm Branch of the World in 2001, and in the next year, at the All-Russian competition, it entered the top three best comfortable cities in the country with a population of up to 100 thousand inhabitants. Despite the developed industrial potential, due attention is paid to the cultural and research component.

Kazan is the best city in Tatarstan

The best city in Tatarstan considered to be the capital of the Republic - Kazan. With great historical, political and economic experience, it noticeably stands out from the general number of settlements of the autonomy. The leading position against the background of other cities is explained by more than a million inhabitants of the capital. The largest administrative organizations of the region are concentrated here, including the administration of the President of Tatarstan. Kazan occupies a leading position not only in the republic: it confidently leads among many million-plus cities in Russia, in some aspects even competing with St. Petersburg and Moscow. This circumstance also causes an increased interest in the capital of Tatarstan from tourists, both domestic and foreign. Kazan has something to surprise and win the hearts of guests: the centuries-old historical heritage does not make the city a "naphthalene box", it is a modern metropolis, the development of which goes in all directions. The international airport is one of the most technically equipped in all of Russia, there are two railway terminals, the largest river port in the republic, and the Kazan metro has a dozen stations and is considered the best in terms of safety in the CIS. A well-developed transport network allows you to deal with traffic jams on the roads.

Kazan- City of student youth. Surprisingly, there are more students here than in St. Petersburg - only Moscow is ahead of him in this indicator. The doors of secondary schools annually produce up to 10 thousand students. Many students continue their education further. As many as 44 universities are located on the territory of the city, educating more than 140 thousand highly qualified specialists in various fields and specializations. The Kazan Academy of Sciences is the second largest diversified scientific center in the Russian Federation. Kazan- this is the first city in the Russian Federation, where there are two research universities, as well as one federal one.

In addition to the scientific and educational aspect of urban life, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is the largest sports center in the region. In 2013, the city was entrusted with hosting the Universiade, and in 2009 Kazan won the title of the capital of sports and the premium award "Golden Team of Russia". Kazan athletes are leading in terms of the number of victories among participants from other settlements. Athletes of team sports were especially successful in victories. The city boasts a large number of titled sports clubs that have grown up on Kazan soil.

History of Kazan

Kazan arose at the end of the 10th century on the territory of the Bulgar kingdom in order to secure the Volga trade route from the predatory raids of Russian tribes. During the time of the Golden Horde, the city was transformed from a frontier outpost into a center for the intersection of trade routes of the Volga-Kama basin. On the ruins of the Golden Horde, the Kazan Khanate appears, during which the settlement is no longer able to huddle behind the fortress walls and begins to grow outside the local Kremlin.

In 1552, Kazan experienced the destruction and almost complete extermination of the indigenous people as a result of the seizure of the territory of the Khanate by the army of the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible. By the beginning of the 17th century Kazan turns into the strongest impregnable city, guarding the borders of the now Russian state. With the growth of the empire, the settlement turns into the administrative center of the conquered region.

The uprising of Emelyan Pugachev in 1774 was the last military test of Kazan. In 1804 Kazan State University was opened. In 1920, the Autonomous Tatar SSR was proclaimed after a two-year hard and cruel civil war. In 1979, the population exceeded 1 million. With the acquisition of sovereignty by the Republic of Tatarstan in 1990 and the advent of the era of a market economy, the city has become one of the most criminal centers in Russia. The leadership of the republic was able to successfully resist criminals and enabled the capital to become a highly developed cultural axis of the region.

Many prominent figures of world culture appeared on Kazan soil, such as L.N. Tolstoy, G.R. Derzhavin, F.I. Chaliapin. Such personalities as Peshkov, Aksakov, Panaev have developed here. The city is the progenitor of the Tatar culture. Sandri Mak-Sudi, Musa Jalil, Galimzhan Ibragimov, Khadi Taktash and many other famous personalities of Tatar folklore created their creations in Kazan.

Kazan modern

Active transformation of the center of autonomy began around the turn of the second millennium. For 15 years, the city has changed a lot: skyscrapers have grown, shopping and entertainment centers, chic office centers have appeared, serving Kazan's medium and large businesses. Park areas have been put in order and restored for the rest of the townspeople, many historical architectural monuments have been restored. The Kazan Kremlin also underwent a comprehensive reconstruction: the inimitable main mosque of the capital Kul-Sharif was erected on its territory, several modern museums and exhibition centers were opened. The famous TsPKiO them. Gorky was completely rebuilt, becoming another pride of the city's residents. A new park appeared - Millennium.

More than 120 hotels are open for travelers for every taste and budget, which indicates a significant flow of city guests. New hotel complexes designed according to the latest requirements of modern architecture, among them: Riviera, Relita Kazan, Mirage, Chaliapin Palace, Courtyard Marriott.

Water park, martial arts palace "Bars", Kazan-Arena with a unique screen of 4000 sq. meters on the facade and many other sports facilities are also the decoration of the city. It should be noted that the profound changes that have transformed the face of the capital of Tatarstan over the past decade have not stopped and in no way slowed down. Preparations are underway for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The construction and reconstruction of architectural monuments, the development of infrastructure, which makes the life of citizens convenient and enjoyable and attracts more and more guests, is a priority for development in the administration of the capital.

Sights of modern Kazan

Today's Kazan is full of new sights, which are an indicator of a new stage of development. Modern water parks, a hippodrome, the latest attractions of the Krylay park - all of them cannot be listed. We will tell you about the most characteristic and memorable places by which you can judge the development trend of the metropolis.

The Millennium Bridge is the longest bridge across the Kazanka River, which connected the two parts of the metropolis for the solemn celebration of the millennium in 2005. It is decorated with a 45-meter pylon in the form of the letter "M", which makes it a unique architectural decoration of the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan.

One of the wonders of modern Kazan the entertainment complex "Pyramid" is considered. During the construction of a 30-meter complex in 1998, at the base of the foundation, Kazanians laid a time capsule with an appeal to future residents. Under the dome of the pyramid at 13700 sq. meters there is absolutely everything you need for entertainment, recreation, fitness, business and friendly meetings. The concert hall can accommodate more than 1000 spectators on their comfortable chairs. The very form of the center already fills visitors with a charge of positive emotions. Performances by pop stars and regular show programs make the center a popular holiday destination. Night illumination turns the pyramid into a mystical unearthly object and makes visiting it especially memorable.

On the oldest square - by the millennium - a new grandiose administrative building of the PF appeared. The unique architectural solution, evoking memories of the ancient Roman Colosseum, harmoniously blended into the existing architectural ensemble. The complex three-dimensional composition of the building is decorated with a stained glass structure, which makes the building lighter. The architects of the project managed to create a bridge between the past and the present Kazan and.

The Black Lake park area is one of the most popular recreation areas. In addition to cozy shady alleys that cut through the green spaces of the square, the entrance to the recreation area is decorated with the Arch of Lovers. It is designed with one feature that creates a unique sound effect: lovers located at different ends of the arch can hear the declaration of love of their chosen one, said in a whisper. The miracle of architecture is already more than 70 years old - only it knows how many declarations of love were uttered under its arches.

The cities of the republic continue their development together with their inhabitants - they become better, more interesting, more beautiful day by day! Of course, it is impossible to convey all the beauty of the large cities of Tatarstan. Popular wisdom says about this: it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times. So, if anyone happens to go to the republic, be sure to visit the cities that we talked about. There will definitely be no regrets, and the impressions and pleasure received will be worth it in order to make a longer tour of the cities Tatarstan!

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Books

• Kazan. Between East and West (16+), Suprunenko Yu.P. The next issue of the book of the series "Historical Guide" is dedicated to Kazan. The well-known geographer, writer and local historian Yu.…
• Kazan. Between East and West, Suprunenko Yu. The well-known geographer, writer and local historian Yu.…

Today the Republic of Tatarstan is an actively developing Russian region. Therefore, many are interested in how the cities of Tatarstan are developing, a list of them is given in this article. It is this republic that many today consider as a place to move and look for work in the near future.

How many cities are in the republic?

The largest cities, apart from urban-type settlements, are Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk and Almetyevsk.

Other cities of Tatarstan are not so numerous. The alphabetical list is as follows: Agryz, Aznakayevo, Arsk, Bavly, Bolgar, Bugulma, Buinsk, Yelabuga, Zainsk, Zelenodolsk, Innopolis, Kukmor, Laishevo, Leninogorsk, Mamadysh, Mendeleevsk, Menzelinsk, Nurlat, Tetyushi, Chistopol. In total there are 24 cities in the republic.

The population of the cities of Tatarstan

The capital of Tatarstan - Kazan - is a million-plus city. At the time of the last census, 1,231,878 people lived in it.

In three more settlements, the number of inhabitants exceeds 100,000 people. So, in general, cities in the Republic of Tatarstan are very populated. The population list looks like this:

• Naberezhnye Chelny (almost 530,000 inhabitants).
• Nizhnekamsk (236,000 with a little).
• Almetievsk (slightly more than 150,000).

List of cities in Tatarstan by population with more than 50,000 people:

• Zelenodolsk (98,000).
• Bugulma (86,000).
• Yelabuga (73,000).
• Leninogorsk (63,000).
• Chistopol (60,000).

It should be noted that almost 4 million people live in the republic. The cities of Tatarstan, the list of which can be found in this article, were estimated by the number of residents at the beginning of 2016, when the population census was carried out.

Kazan

It is best to start your acquaintance with this region from the capital. In the event that the cities of the Republic of Tatarstan, the list of which you have just learned, were unfamiliar to you, then you simply could not help but hear about Kazan. Large financial flows have been directed to the republican center in the last year. Many sports arenas and infrastructure facilities are being built. An interesting fact is that it was Kazan that became the capital of the Universiade in 2013.

The city itself was founded in 1005. This opinion is shared by modern historians. Thanks to this conclusion, in 2005 the capital of Tatarstan celebrated its millennium. On such a round date, considerable federal budget funding was allocated, which helped the city become one of the most developed in Russia.

It should be noted that the excavations carried out on the territory of the local Kremlin became the basis for considering Kazan founded so long ago. Specialists found a Czech coin that was minted around 930, as well as stonework, the remains of a wooden city limits, and many other artifacts.

Scientists from 22 countries of the world were involved in the study of the finds. Despite this, many historians today believe that the existence of Kazan before the XIV century is just a bluff.

In the 90s, Kazan was a city that was famous, first of all, for its unprecedented rampant crime. In criminology, even a special term "Kazan phenomenon" has appeared. It meant youth criminal groups that arose on a territorial basis. Now the situation has been corrected. Over 90% of murders are solved in hot pursuit.

It is noteworthy that in recent years Kazan has become one of the sports capitals of Russia. The city has professional teams that play in the elite divisions in all popular team sports. "Rubin" - in football, "Ak Bars" - in hockey, "Zenith" - in volleyball, "Unix" - in basketball. Moreover, all these teams have become national champions in recent years.

Naberezhnye Chelny

Studying the cities of Tatarstan, the list of which is in this article, Naberezhnye Chelny can be recommended next to visit. This settlement is located on the banks of the Kama River.

Judging by archaeological excavations, the first settlements on this site appeared in the third millennium BC. The city was founded in 1626, when peasants from neighboring Yelabuga founded the Chalninsky repair. This is a village located on the territory of the modern Bumazhnikov microdistrict.

This is a large industrial center on the Kama. A cardboard and paper plant, an automobile plant operate here, the electric power industry, mechanical engineering, construction and food industries are developing. One of the main organizations is the KAMAZ truck manufacturing company.

An interesting fact is that Naberezhnye Chelny is perhaps the only city in the country where regular competitions are held for the duration of a non-stop flight of pigeons. These competitions have been held every year since 1986.

Nizhnekamsk

The cities of Tatarstan, the list of which should be known to everyone who is going to visit this republic, are not listed completely. Nizhnekamsk is one of the youngest cities in Tatarstan, which appeared in 1961. Nizhnekamsk was founded on the occasion of the mass construction of the Kama River coast with factories and enterprises. It was a kind of platform on which original building plans and urban planning were implemented.

One of the country's largest centers for the development of the oil industry is located in this settlement. In particular, the petrochemical, processing and power generating industries are developing. About 25% of all industrial products of Tatarstan are produced here.

Almetievsk

The city of Almetyevsk is the fourth in terms of population and importance in the republic. Like Nizhnekamsk, it appeared in the middle of the 20th century, in 1953.

At the moment, the city is known, first of all, for the fact that the headquarters of the Tatneft company is located here. It provides the city with the majority of budget injections. Also, several small oil companies are located here and the production of oil and gas pipes is based.

Innopolis

Innopolis is one of the most unusual cities in Tatarstan. Officially, only 96 people live in it.

This city, founded in 2012, became one of the first IT village projects in Russia. An innovation center was created in the suburbs of Kazan. It is a residential area with residential buildings and office buildings. It will eventually house about 20,000 IT professionals. The official partner of this project was the Skolkovo center, which was actively supported by the president, and later the prime minister of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev.

Today, Innopolis is one of the most sparsely populated cities in Russia. In addition to official residents, at the moment there are about two and a half thousand people who rent housing. A university, a campus, a sports stadium, a football field, and residential areas have been built in the city. This is one of the most attractive cities for residents of Russia.

The Russian Federation, in addition to Russian cities, includes various republics of other nationalities. These include Tatarstan, whose population consists not only of Tatars. This state has a huge cultural heritage, the study of which is very exciting. The cities of Tatarstan, it would seem, are very different from each other, but at the same time they have a large number of similar features. It is these moments that will be discussed.

About the Republic

Tatarstan is located in the region of the middle Volga region. It belongs to the Volga Federal District. The area of ​​Tatarstan is limited by such regions as Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Chuvashia, Udmurtia and Bashkiria. The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is the city of Kazan.

The entire area of ​​Tatarstan is about 68 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 3868.7 thousand people. Among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the republic is in seventh place in terms of the number of people living in the territory. The population density of Tatarstan is fifty-seven people per square kilometer. This is well above the national average of 8.57 people per square kilometer.

In ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. They were displaced by the Bulgar communities, who were able to create their own state. But their time did not last long - the Mongol-Tatars destroyed everything. The current territory of Tatarstan was part of the Golden Horde. And only after its collapse did the Kazan Khanate appear. Ivan the Terrible included him in the Russian kingdom. After that, the Kazan province was created, which during the revolutions was renamed the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic acquired a new name - Tatarstan.

About settlements and main nationalities of the republic

The number of settlements, in addition to the million-plus city of Kazan, includes twenty-six more cities. Three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk) have more than 100 thousand inhabitants. More than 50 thousand live in such settlements as Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Yelabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol. The Republic of Tatarstan is incredibly multinational. Its population is diverse. It has more than 173 nationalities. Among them:

• Tatars (about 53.2% of the total population);
• Russians (39.7%);
• Chuvash (3.1%);
• Udmurts (0.6%);
• Bashkirs (0.36%);
• other nationalities (less than 3.1%).

The population by regions shows that the percentage of Tatars in almost all regions is slightly less than that of Russians.

Kazan is the heart of the republic

The capital of any state is its pride. The same can be said about Kazan. The origin of this city is as ancient as the origin of the Republic of Tatarstan itself. Not without reason, in the Old Slavic times, the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation was called the "Kazan Khanate".

Kazan is the pearl of the Republic of Tatarstan, the population supports the preservation of cultural heritage with all its might, but at the same time it brings modern features to the look of the city. Today, the settlement is a modern center that has not lost its former grandeur at all.

A little more than a million people live on the territory of Kazan. This is the largest city in the republic. It is predominantly populated by Russians and Tatars (approximately 48% and 47% respectively). Other nationalities are relatively rare. That is why two directions prevail in religious views: Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam.

Distinctive features of other cities of the republic

In addition to the million-plus city, there are other noteworthy settlements on the territory of Tatarstan. For example, Naberezhnye Chelny. During the Soviet Union, this city was the leading city in the country in terms of the production of KamAZ trucks. It was this event that turned an ordinary small town into a progressive center. In that era, the city was even renamed Brezhnev, but somehow this decision did not take root. The administration had to return the former name.

Another very interesting city is Almetyevsk. This is the oldest settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, whose population is a valuable bearer of the traditions and legends of the former Kazan Khanate. At the same time, Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city in the republic. But, surprisingly, it is in third place after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny in terms of the number of inhabitants.

In addition to these cities, there are other noteworthy settlements. All of them, even in the photo, have some kind of elusive similarity in buildings, streets and other little things. But at the same time, the difference between these cities is also felt.

Finally

Tatarstan is one of the ten largest subjects belonging to the Russian Federation. The beauty of its capital does not deteriorate over the years. The city is getting better and better. The population mainly consists of Russians and Tatars, so it will not be difficult for those wishing to visit this glorious republic to communicate with the locals. And their friendliness and hospitality will impress anyone.

NABEREZHNYE CHELNY(in 1982-1988 Brezhnev), a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, 225 km east of Kazan. Pier on the left bank of the Kama, 17 km from the railway station Krugloye Pole on the line Agryz - Akbash. The airport. Regional center. Population 513.5 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1626. City since 1930.

The main industrial enterprises: JSC "KamAZ" (trucks and cars). Nizhnekamsk HPP. Repair and mechanical plant; Software Tatelectromash. Production of building materials. Food processing enterprises (meat processing plant, bakery, brewery, city food processing plant, as well as a meat processing plant and a dairy plant in the village of Sidorovka), woodworking (furniture factory) and light industry.
The first Russian settlers organized repairs to Cape Chelny in 1626 on land that had been abandoned earlier by the population, which was empty and overgrown with forest. Previously, a semi-nomadic population lived here, but left these lands, this probably happened in the period after the conquest of the Kazan Khanate. In the title, the word “boat” is a rethinking of the Turkic “challa” (mountain, slope, bare hill) into the Russian “boat” (boat). In 1982-88. the city was called Brezhnev by the name of the Soviet party and statesman L. I. Brezhnev (1906-82). The rapid development of urban construction began in 1969 in connection with the construction of the KamAZ plant.

Naberezhnye Chelny. Boulevard of Enthusiasts.

Educational and cultural institutions: Kama Polytechnic Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical Institute, Non-State Religious and Philosophical Institute, Maharishi Vedic University, a branch of the Volgograd State Academy of Physical Culture. Puppet Theatre.

On the outskirts of the city there is a climatic resort area Tarlovka.

Zelenodolsk, a city in Tataria, a regional center, is located on the left bank of the Volga, 38 km west of Kazan. Pier, railway junction Zeleny Dol. Population 99.6 thousand inhabitants (2001). The village of Zeleny Dol was founded in 1865, the city since 1932.

The main industrial enterprises: the Sergo Plant (machine-building), the Gorky shipbuilding plant, a plywood and furniture factory, a clothing and furniture factory. There is a branch of Kazan State University in the city. Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery is located 21 km from Zelenodolsk. Near the city are located the Raifsky section of the Volga-Kama Reserve, the climatic resort Vasilyevsky.

NIZHNEKAMSK, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the left bank of the river. Kama, 35 km from the railway station Krugloye Pole, 237 km east of Kazan. River port. Regional center. Population 224.4 thousand people (2001). Founded in the early 1960s. City since 1966.

Nizhnekamsk. City Cathedral Mosque.

The main industrial enterprises: OAO Nizhnekamskneftekhim (ethylene glycol, rubber, diesel fuel, gasoline for the chemical industry), Nizhnekamskshina; food and light industry enterprises.

It emerged as a settlement during the construction of the Nizhnekamsk plant.

Educational institutions: Nizhnekamsk Institute of Chemical Technology of the Kazan State Technological University, branch of the Kazan Institute of Business and Management, branch of the Moscow Institute of Humanities and Economics.

ALMETIEVSK, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, on the left bank of the river. Zai (a tributary of the Kama River), 16 km northwest of the Almetyevskaya railway station, 279 km southeast of Kazan. Population 140.7 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1950. City since 1953.

The coat of arms of Almetievsk was adopted on October 9, 1987.

Almetievsk- the largest center of the oil industry in Tatarstan. Main industries: oil and gas production (Romashkinskoye oil and gas field); production of machines and equipment for the oil industry (factories: submersible electric pumps, auto-tractor repair, pipe, gas processing, Neftemash, tire repair); production of building materials (factories: brick, reinforced concrete products, clay powder). Hosiery factory. Food businesses. Almetievsk is the starting point of the Druzhba main oil pipeline, oil pipelines to Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Samara, etc.

From the 17th century settlements existed on the site of the modern city. Founded as a working settlement of Almetyevo in connection with the discovery and development of oil fields. Educational and cultural institutions: Gubkin Academy of Oil and Gas, a branch of the Kazan Institute of Business and Management. Theatre of Drama. Picture gallery.

CHISTOPOL, a city (since 1781) in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, located on the left bank of the river. Kama (Kuibyshev reservoir), 125 km from the railway station Nurlat, 144 km southeast of Kazan. Road junction. The airport. Regional center. Population 66.2 thousand people (2001).

The main industrial enterprises: factories - "Vostok" (hour), repair, "Autospecial equipment", car repair, liquor. Factories: sewing, knitwear, footwear, furniture, confectionery. Combines: meat, dairy and others. In the Chistopol region, deposits of marls and glass sands were discovered.

Initially at the beginning of the 18th century. The village of Chistoe Pole was founded. The city since 1781, the center of the Chistopol district, the name gradually transformed into Chistopol. At the end of the 19th century Chistopol is a major center of grain trade. Until 1917 - the second most important city of the Kazan province (after Kazan).

Chistopol is the birthplace of the chemist A. M. Butlerov, the composer S. A. Gubaidulina.
Scientific, educational and cultural institutions: design and technology bureau "Vector"; Faculty of Kazan State Technical University.

Museum of Local Lore (Museum of the county town). Literary Museum of B. L. Pasternak, Museum of the History of the Watch Factory.

Chistopol. Nikolsky Cathedral.

Monuments of architecture: Nicholas Cathedral (1838). In the Chistopol region, the remains of the Golden Horde city of Dzhuke-Tau (10-15 centuries) have been preserved.

BUGULMA, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, at the confluence of the river. Bugulminka in the river. Zai (Volga river basin). Railroad station. The airport. Regional center. Population 93.1 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1736 as a settlement. It received city status in 1781.

The main branch of industry: oil production (PA "Tatneftegeofizika", "Nefteavtomatika"). Factories: mechanical, brick, reinforced concrete products, electrical equipment, mechanical repair, porcelain. Food industry (meat, dairy plants), production of building materials. Cattle are bred in the region, cellular fur farming (mink, nutria, fox, bakery), beekeeping is developed. Deposits of bitumen, building sand, clay, limestone, dolomite have been discovered.

Since the 1950s in connection with the discovery of oil fields - the center of the oil-producing region of Tataria.

The city has a research and design institute of oil.

Museums: local history, Czech writer J. Hasek.

Monuments of architecture: the church of the 18th century. in the village of Spasskoe; Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Church (1898-1902) and Peter and Paul Church (1841) in the village of Klyuchi; water mill (late 19th century) in the village of Petrovka. Elias Church (1827) in the village of Soldatskaya Pismyanka, Epiphany Church (1806) in the village of Sula, Dionysius Church in the village of Chirkovo.

ELABUGA, a city in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, is located on the river. Kama, at the confluence of the river. Toima, 79 km from the railway station Kizner, 215 km east of Kazan. Regional center. Population 67.2 thousand people (2001). Founded in the second half of the 16th century. City since 1780.

The most important industries: oil, light, food. Factories: automobile (ElAZ) and reinforcing.

It originated as the Tatar village of Alabuga. With the increase in the proportion of the Russian population in the village, an Orthodox church is being built and a particularly revered icon of the Three Hierarchs (Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom) appears, according to legend, donated to the church by Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Since that time, the village has become a village with the name Trekhsvyatskoye; additionally, the Tatar name in a distorted form Yelabuga is also used. From the end of the 17th century Trekhsvyatskoye was known as a palace village. Since 1780 - the county town of Yelabuga. For some time the city was in the Vyatka governorate. Due to its convenient geographical location, in the 18th - 19th centuries. Elabuga actively developed as a shopping center.

Yelabuga is the birthplace of the artist I. I. Shishkin.

Educational and cultural institutions: Elabuga State Pedagogical Institute. Museums: im. M. I. Tsvetaeva (died and buried in Yelabuga), historical, architectural and art museum-reserve, local history museum (in the exposition - objects of the Ananyin culture (8-3 centuries BC), fragments of ceramics of the Bulgar period (12 -14 centuries), weapons of the Peasant War of 1773-74, clothes and national decorations of the Tatars, Russians, Udmurts, Mari).

Yelabuga. Damn town. In the background on the left is the Cathedral of the Savior.

Among the architectural monuments of Yelabuga - Elabuga (Devil's) ancient settlement on the site of the ancient Bulgarian city, which has preserved the remains of three lines of fortifications; Kazan Bogoroditsky Monastery (1868), Great Spassky Cathedral, Nikolskaya, Pokrovskaya and Trinity Church (first third of the 19th century). Among the monuments of civil architecture is the building of the Diocesan School, built in 1898-1903.

Not far from Yelabuga is the Ananyinsky burial ground, which gave its name to a whole stage in the history of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Early Iron Age (7-3 centuries BC).

Tetyushi

Tetyushi, a regional center in Tataria, 180 km south of Kazan. Located on the Volga, on the banks of the Kuibyshev reservoir (pier), 45 km east of the Bua railway station on the Kazan-Ulyanovsk line. The population is 10.9 thousand people (1992; 4.8 thousand in 1897; 4.8 thousand in 1926; 10.4 thousand in 1979).
It was founded in 1574-78 (according to other sources, in 1555-57) as the Tetyush outpost. In 1781 it was appointed a county town of the Kazan viceroy (from 1796 - a province). At the end of the XIX century. in T. there were 4 churches and a mosque, a district school, a women's school, a Tatar school for boys, a Tatar women's madrasah, a zemstvo hospital, an almshouse, and an orphanage were opened. The main occupations of the inhabitants were the trade in bread, fishing, maintenance of the pier. 2 fairs were held annually. In modern T.: combines - dairy, meat, bakery products; plants - fish, brewery, mixed fodder, mechanical (a branch of the Kazan helicopter); enterprises of the woodworking industry (furniture factory, etc.); brick factory, etc. Museum of local lore. Among the ancient buildings of T., the Cathedral of the Kazan Mother of God (former Trinity, 1773) has been preserved.
The artist M. V. Kupriyanov, one of the leaders of the creative community of Kukryniksy, was born in T.

NURLAT, a regional center in Tataria, 268 km southeast of Kazan. Located on the river Kondurcha (Volga basin). Railway station on the line Ulyanovsk - Chelyabinsk. The airport. The population is 25.0 thousand people (1992; 18.3 thousand in 1979).
City - since 1961. N. - the center of an agricultural region with industry focused on the processing of local raw materials. Sugar, mixed fodder, repair and mechanical plants; meat and dairy plants.

Menzelinsk

Menzelinsk, a regional center in Tataria, 292 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the low bank of the river. Menzel, 65 km east of the Krugloe Pole railway station on the Agryz-Akbash line. The airport. The population is 15.2 thousand people (1992; 7.5 thousand in 1897; 7.5 thousand in 1926; 17.4 thousand in 1979).
Founded in 1584-86. In 1781 it received the status of a county town in the Ufa province. At the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries. there were 6 churches, a mosque, a convent, a zemstvo hospital, a women's gymnasium, a city school, etc.; The Menzelinsky Fair was known far beyond the borders of the province. Modern Moscow is the center of an agricultural region with enterprises processing local raw materials. Exploration drilling department. Theatre of Drama.
Moscow is the birthplace of the surgeon Academician VN Shamov. The Tatar poet Musa Jalil studied in Moscow.

MENDELEEVSK, a regional center in Tataria, 238 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, 4 km from the Quiet Mountains pier (on the Kama), 70 km south of the Mozhga railway station on the Kazan - Agryz line, 15 km from the Tikhonovo railway station on the Agryz - Bugulma line. The population is 20.1 thousand people (1992; 13.8 thousand in 1979).
M. grew up near a chemical plant founded in the middle of the 19th century. and reconstructed during the years of Soviet power; until 1967 - the village of Bondyuzhsky. Renamed in honor of D. I. Mendeleev, who worked here at a chemical plant. Modern Moscow has a chemical plant and a plant for the production of mineral fertilizers.
Near Moscow - oil production.

Mamadysh

Mamadysh, a regional center in Tataria, 167 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the right bank of the river. Vyatka (a tributary of the Kama), 80 km southeast of the Kukmor railway station on the Kazan-Yekaterinburg line. Population 12.7 thousand people (1992).
According to legend, the city got its name after the name of the first settler - the Volga Tatar, who moved here from the city of Bulgar, devastated by Tamerlane. Under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, Russian settlers appeared in M., who called M. Trinity Village. In 1781 it received the status of a county town. In modern Moscow: a cotton factory, shoe production, and other enterprises.

Leninogorsk, in Tataria, republican subordination, regional center, 322 km south-east of Kazan. It is located on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeev Upland. Railway station (Pismyanka) on the line Akbash - Naberezhnye Chelny. The population is 64.1 thousand people (1992; 53.1 thousand in 1979).
The emergence of a working settlement on the site of the village of Novaya Pismyanka is associated with the discovery in 1948 and the development of the Romashkinskoye oil field. City of Leningrad - since 1955. Modern Leningrad is one of the centers of oil and gas production. Factories: "Autospecial equipment", automation. Production of building materials. Faculty of the State Academy of Oil and Gas. Museum of the History of Tatar Oil. Showroom.

Laishevo

LAISHEVO, an urban-type settlement, a regional center in Tataria, 62 km southeast of Kazan. Located on the banks of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The population is 6.9 thousand people (1989; 3.7 thousand in 1897; 3.8 thousand in 1926; 6.5 thousand in 1979).
In 1781, the county town of Laishev was formed in the Kazan governorship. Since 1926 - a rural settlement, since 1950 - an urban-type settlement.

ZAINSK, in Tataria, republican subordination, regional center, 287 km east of Kazan. Located in the Kama region, on the river. Stepnoy Zai (a tributary of the Kama), near the railway station of the same name on the Agryz - Bugulma line, on the Almetyevsk - Naberezhnye Chelny highway, 55 km southwest of the Naberezhnye Chelny pier. The population is 38.5 thousand people (1992; 30.0 thousand in 1979).
It was founded in 1652-56 as a border fortress on the Zakamskaya line - the military line from the Volga to the mouth of the river. Hic. Until 1978, the village of Novy Zai, then the city of Z. In modern Z.: the KamAZ auto-aggregate plant, a plant for reinforced concrete structures, and a plant for experimental modular metal structures; construction plant; food enterprises (sugar factory, etc.). GRES. Lespromkhoz.

Bulgar

Bulgar, Bolgar, a regional center in Tataria, 140 km south of Kazan. Located in the Volga region, on the banks of the Kuibyshev reservoir (pier), 100 km north of the Cherdakly railway station on the Ulyanovsk-Ufa line. The airport. The population is 8.4 thousand people (1992; 2.8 thousand in 1897; 3.5 thousand in 1926; 8.2 thousand in 1979).
It was formed in 1781 on the Volga under the name Spassk - from the village of Spassk (Chertykovo). It served as a transshipment point for agricultural goods (mainly rye, rye flour, buckwheat, oats) for neighboring cities. At the end of the XIX century. in Spassk there was a church, a hospital, an almshouse, 3 schools, and a bank. In 1926-35 - Spassk-Tatarsky, in 1935-91 - Kuibyshev. Present-day B. is the center of an agricultural region; food-processing enterprises (meat-packing plants, etc.) predominate.
To the south of present-day Bulgaria is the settlement of Bolgar (Bulgar), the ancient capital of the Volga-Kama Bulgaria (X-XIV centuries). Stone and brick structures of the 12th-14th centuries have been preserved, including a multi-column cathedral mosque, the so-called Black Chamber (cubic domed building of the 14th century), mausoleums, the White and Red Chambers (public baths), the Christian temple of the Armenian colony. Architectural and archaeological museum-reserve.

BUINSK, a regional center in Tataria, 137 km southwest of Kazan. Located in the Volga region, on the left bank of the river. Karla (left tributary of the Sviyaga river). Railway station (Bua) on the line Ulyanovsk - Sviyazhsk. Road junction (Kazan - Ulyanovsk, etc.). The population is 17.2 thousand people (1992; 4.2 thousand in 1897; 4.7 thousand in 1926; 15.5 thousand in 1979).
The first chronicle mention refers to 1691. In 1780 it received the status of a county town of the Simbirsk governorship. Since 1830, autumn and winter fairs have been held annually. By the end of the XIX century. in B. - a stone cathedral and a stone chapel, a wooden mosque, a Tatar madrasah; the county school was opened; there were 2 tanneries, 5 brick, pottery and other factories, 6 flour mills. Since 1922, a tannery, a steam mill, and a blacksmith and locksmith workshop have been put into operation.
In modern B.: an electromechanical plant; tape weaving and cotton factories; food-flavoring enterprises (meat-packing plant, butter-and-cheese-making, yeast and sugar plants, shag factory) industry. There are (after restoration) the Trinity Church and the mosque.

Arsk

Arsk, an urban-type settlement, a regional center in Tataria, 65 km northeast of Kazan. Located on the river Kazanka (a tributary of the Volga). Railway station on the line Kazan - Izhevsk. Road junction. The population is 13.7 thousand people (1989; 1.2 thousand in 1897; 2.6 thousand in 1926; 11.5 thousand in 1979). Founded according to legend by Batu Khan in the 13th century. In 1552, by decree of Ivan the Terrible, a voivode with archers was sent to A., in 1606 A. became a fortress.
In 1781, the county town of A. was formed; in 1775, it was left to the state. Since 1926 - a rural settlement, since 1938 - an urban-type settlement.

AZNAKAEVO, in Tataria, republican subordination, regional center, 376 km from Kazan. It is located in the Kama region, on the slopes of the Bugulma-Belebeev Upland, 34 km north of the Yutaza railway station on the Ulyanovsk-Ufa line. The population is 34.3 thousand people (1992; 25.8 thousand in 1979).
City - since 1987. In A. - enterprises of building materials and the food industry, a car repair plant.
Near A. - oil and gas production.

AGRYZ, a regional center in Tataria, 304 km east of Kazan. Located at the foot of the Sarapul Upland, on the banks of the river. Agryzka (Volga basin). A large transport hub of railway lines to Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Izhevsk. The airport. The population is 19.4 thousand people (1992; 20.3 thousand in 1959; 18.9 thousand in 1979).
It was founded as a settlement in connection with the construction of the Kazan-Yekaterinburg railway. City - since 1938. A. - the center of an agricultural region. Railway transport enterprises, brick factory.