Secrets of the Moon
The Moon is the only celestial body in the solar system that has been trodden by man. This satellite of our planet is under the constant “sight” of telescopes, it is studied from the Earth and from space, but, according to scientists, our knowledge of the Moon has not increased much over the past forty years and the number of mysteries surrounding this planet is not decreasing, but on the contrary, increases.
After the end of the American Apollo program, they began to slowly forget about the Moon - astronautics rushed to other areas. Meanwhile, “left to itself,” the Moon more and more often threw unsolvable riddles to scientists. The most embarrassing case was the January 1994 launch of the robotic probe Clementine, the joint creation of NASA and the now-defunct SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) military program, better known as the Star Wars program. The purpose of the probe's mission was to test advanced technological developments, in particular, new super-sensitive measuring instruments. "Clementine" photographed the surface of the moon from a height of 400 kilometers, and then moved in the direction of the asteroid 1620 Geographos. And the photographs sent by the probe to Earth caused a storm of surprise in the scientific community: at the bottom of several craters located in the southern hemisphere of the Moon, there is probably ... frozen water!
It was a sensation - after all, the Moon was traditionally considered a dead body. The conditions of the moon seemed to completely rule out the very possibility of ice formation. The fact is that the lunar day is 28 times longer than the earth. During this period, the entire surface of our satellite during the lunar day is illuminated by the Sun, and there is no atmosphere on the Moon and the surface temperature can reach 122 degrees Celsius. Where does ice come from here? But photographs taken by the Clementine indicate that ice may persist in places where the sun's rays do not reach, such as at the bottom of some deep craters. In the southern hemisphere of the moon there is a huge crater with a diameter of 2500 kilometers and a depth of 12 kilometers, and the bottom of this huge pool is dotted with smaller depressions. It was in these recesses that traces of what scientists tend to consider ice were found ...
But where does the water on the moon come from? It is believed that it could have landed on the Moon along with meteorites that have been bombarding the surface of the Earth's satellite for billions of years. Some of the ice had evaporated long ago, while others could have been conserved at the bottom of the craters.
But hypothetical water on the Moon is only one of the mysteries of this planet. NASA specialists have formulated five main mysteries of the Moon, over the solution of which science will work in the coming years: How did the Moon become a satellite of the Earth? What is the history of the moon? When and how did craters appear on the moon? What is the history of the Moon's atmosphere? What mysteries of the solar system are associated with the moon?
As you can see, these mysteries are mainly related to the past of the Moon. And what can be said about the future of this terrestrial satellite?
... People, houses, trees, whole rocks, as if torn from their place by an unprecedentedly strong hurricane, fell, collapsed, scattered into dust, sweeping everything in their path. And although the planet itself survived, in a few moments not a single living creature remained on it, which nature had carefully nurtured for millions of years ...
No one will be able to resist this global cataclysm, no matter what technical means of protection he uses. In the face of catastrophe, even the horrors described in the Apocalypse fade, and every day brings earthlings closer to it. And this threat comes from ... the moon, a satellite of our planet.
The influence of the Moon on the life of mankind was studied by traditional and non-traditional sciences. We are accustomed to consider the moon as a natural satellite of the Earth, in essence, not related to our destinies. This is a small, desert planet, whose surface is riddled with craters and which passively circles the Earth, obeying the law of gravity. How can she threaten us?
The moon is 384,000 kilometers from Earth and has a diameter of 3,476 kilometers, four times smaller than the diameter of the Earth. But not only the Earth attracts the Moon, but the Moon, in accordance with all the laws of physics, attracts the Earth. It turns out that the Moon circles around us, and we around it, and both planets are inextricably linked. And although the presence of the Moon is a necessary condition for keeping the Earth in the solar system, the price for this "service" is the inevitable murder of all life on Earth, which this dwarf planet will someday commit. And the murder weapon will be ... the insignificant force of gravity of the moon!
As the Moon sails through the night sky above our heads, it pulls towards itself everything that enters its gravitational field. And the most striking manifestation of this is the ebbs and flows of the ocean. The moon draws huge masses of water towards itself, and then the tide comes out. And when the Moon, circling in orbit, moves away from the Earth and "releases" the ocean from its gravitational field, the tide comes. And so on, in a circle. But what seems to us to be the natural movement of water is, in essence, the movement of the earth. After all, when the Moon "holds" the rearing ocean in its field, the Earth continues to rotate around its axis, so it is not water that moves towards the continents, but vice versa - the continents move towards the water. And every time the Moon “pulls towards itself” our oceans, the Earth, rotating, is forced to overcome the force of friction of the water mountains “standing on end” on its surface. And with each such effort, the Earth loses the speed of revolutions around its axis and will never regain its former speed...
The Earth received its impulse of rotation from the gravitational field of space four or five billion years ago, when the planets of the solar system were just being formed from furiously rotating clouds of hot gas and cosmic dust. Over the elapsed time, the Earth has already significantly reduced the speed of rotation, which it acquired in the first phase of its development. And every loss of energy is irreplaceable! The deceleration of the Earth's rotation caused by the Moon is 0.00164 seconds per day, and this deceleration has been going on for several billion years. For our planet, which rotates more and more slowly around its axis, this deceleration begins to pose an ever greater and greater threat.
When dinosaurs lived on Earth 200 million years ago, the Earth year was 385 days - after all, the time of the Earth's revolution around the Sun changes much more slowly - but the day was shorter and amounted to 23 hours. But 400 million years ago, when the first plants were just mastering the earth's land, the year was 405 days, and the day lasted 21 hours and 30 minutes. And the older the Earth gets, the longer the day becomes. The Earth, braked by the Moon, rotates around its axis more and more slowly.
Today, every day that fateful hour is approaching, when our satellite will finally “press the brake”. To understand how it will look, remember your feelings when the driver of an overcrowded bus rushing at full speed suddenly presses the brake pedal and everyone on the bus falls into a heap ... Will anything or anyone be able to resist then under the onslaught of torn off sudden braking from the place of mountains and oceans ...
The moon traditionally occupies one of the central places in esotericism. Some clairvoyants who, going into the astral plane, manage to visit the Moon, argue that it is the small distance from the Moon to the Earth that allows us to see our deceased loved ones in a dream. They also argue that this planet very often “attacks” us on full moon days, when the moon has the greatest force of attraction, and lunar vampirism can bring even the strongest organism to death. Such cases have happened repeatedly. In most cases, the Moon overtook its victims during sleep, at a time when all the protective functions of the body were reduced to a minimum. During the full moon, headaches and sleepwalking are not uncommon. Therefore, during the full moon, evening walks should be avoided, and during sleep, it is necessary to close the windows tightly with curtains so that the moonlight does not penetrate the room. It is also recommended to put some kind of energy shield next to the bed on such nights, even just a glass of water.
According to most esoteric teachings, the Moon will become the next planet on which life will develop, but not in physical, but in spiritual (mental) form. The moon is only “preparing” for this role, it must concentrate as much energy as possible in itself. One of the main sources of this energy is the Earth and the processes of life and death occurring on it. During the life of a person, the Moon controls his actions and actions. The inspirations of the Moon are in many ways the motivation for events on Earth. Even in ordinary situations, we are not always able to free ourselves from its influence. The inspirations of the Moon are capable of awakening the basest deeds in a person, prompting him to murder and theft, and at the same time can push a person to a heroic deed, make him sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Even ordinary daily activities are largely done under the influence of the Moon.
“Good,” you say, “but if a person performs all actions under the influence of the Moon, then where is the person himself? Where is the human personality, where is its free will?
Legitimate question. If a person manages to develop sufficient strength of mind, will, if he devotes his earthly life to spiritual self-improvement, he manages to partially or completely free himself from the power of the Moon, and in this case, after death, he can avoid the notorious ordeals. If the soul of a person throughout his earthly life was subject to passions, if a person lived, floating like a chip with the flow, then ...
At the moment of death, the physical body of a person leaves a known energy substance, traditionally called the soul. This energy is attracted by the Moon, like a huge electromagnet. The souls that come to this planet retain part of the knowledge and memory accumulated during the years of physical life. And since, like it or not, these souls belonged to the inhabitants of the Earth and are burdened with those earthly vices to which they were addicted during life, on the Moon they are forced to enter a cycle of development of their spiritual forces incomparably longer than earthly life. This is a very difficult process, but since the soul did not do this while living on Earth, then it will have to go this way on the Moon - in more difficult conditions. At the same time, the soul remains on the Moon in an unchanged form of being, from which there are no other options for the outcome (on Earth, the outcome from material life is called death), except for the path of spiritual development. This is purgatory - a quarantine form of being before further wanderings of the soul across the expanses of the Universe ...
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attracted attention in antiquity. Astrologers and healers, priests, poets and artists closely studied this heavenly body. Even simple farmers tried to adjust their work related to plowing and harvesting to it. Holidays and sacrifices were compared with the lunar cycles. They believed: Fair-faced has a strong influence on man and nature. The Moon has long been considered both a symbol of love and violence.
And today this interest has not faded away. Fortunately for us, modern technologies allow us not only to observe it from the ground, but also to launch aircraft and entire expeditions into space! Cynologists design fantasy films; the forums are actively discussing hypotheses of origin, anomalous phenomena on the moon, and related mysterious phenomena; and grandmothers are still guided by lunar calendars in the sowing season.
Mysterious, alluring - the Moon has always given rise to an innumerable number of conjectures and questions. What do we know about her?
Moon Facts
The moon is the only satellite of our planet. It is the fifth largest and the second densest of all known satellites of the solar system. The lunar surface is coal-dark, which does not prevent it from being the brightest object among other celestial bodies at night.
The moon has a rather low density: 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter. For comparison, the cavity is 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter.
Experts suggest that unlike the Earth, the Moon does not have a heavy iron core. And in general, it does not have such a high concentration of iron as on our planet. But - there is uranium 236 and neptunium 237.
At the same time, our satellite has almost the same structure as the Earth.
Namely:
- bark;
- upper mantle;
- inner mantle;
- molten outer core;
- crystalline inner core.
There is a relative identity in the content of oxygen isotopes of the Earth and the Moon. This gives rise to the idea of creating these planets at the same distance from the Sun.
View others.
water on the moon
Everyone knows that in outer space water is a very rare phenomenon. Is there water on the moon? Three space satellites, one after another, confirmed this assumption. As recent studies show, water molecules are scattered over the entire surface (and not just in craters or deep in the ground, as previously thought); these molecules are cyclically destroyed, then recreated again.
Man and life on the moon
Someone may cherish dreams of going on a trip to the moon. And for a select few lucky ones, it's not just a dream. What about life on the moon? How long can you stay there?
The living conditions described by the astronauts who visited our satellite are clearly not suitable for a full-fledged human existence. At least - at the current level of civilization, as some believe. And that's why. There is no atmosphere, air, a special magnetic field, fertile soil on this cosmic body. Gravity is not as strong as on our planet. There is not enough water and catastrophic temperature drops (on average from -260 to +260 degrees). The Moon, as a protective shield, takes on the blows of most meteorites and their fragments that threaten to collide with the Earth. Living on it is by no means safe, as it may seem!
Those are harsh conditions! But despite this, scientists still continue to work, developing the latest versions of the conquest of this Magnificent Moon - our extraordinary and only satellite!
Ancient cities and old UFO bases discovered on the moon
Ken Johnston and Richard Hoagland said that at one time American astronauts discovered the ruins of ancient cities and artifacts on the moon, indicating the existence of some highly developed civilization on it in the distant past ...
Why hide information about cities on the moon
There was a time when no one expected that the space neighbor of the Earth could puzzle scientists with so many mysteries. Many imagined the Moon as a lifeless, cratered stone ball, and on its surface were ancient cities, mysterious huge mechanisms and bases.
Why hide information about the moon?
UFO pictures taken by astronauts of lunar expeditions have long been published. The facts show that all American flights to the moon took place under the complete control of the aliens. What did the first man see on the moon? Let us recall the words of Neil Armstrong intercepted by American radio amateurs:
Armstrong: "What is it? What the hell is the matter? I would like to know the truth, what is it?
NASA: "What's happening? Is something wrong?
Armstrong: "There are big objects here, sir! Huge! Oh my God! Here are other ! They are on the other side of the crater. They are on the moon and watching us!”
Much later, rather curious reports appeared in the press, which said that the Americans on the Moon were directly given to understand: the place is occupied, and earthlings have nothing to do here ... Allegedly, almost hostile actions even took place on the part of aliens.
Yes, astronauts. Cernan and Schmitt observed the mysterious explosion of the lunar module antenna. One of them transmitted to the command module in orbit: “Yes, she exploded. Something flew over her just before that... it's still...” At this time, another astronaut enters the conversation: "God! I thought we'd be run over by this... this... just look at this thing!"
After lunar expeditions Wernher von Braun said: “There are extraterrestrial forces that are much stronger than we thought. I don't have the right to say anything more about it."
Apparently, the inhabitants of the Moon did not welcome the envoys of the Earth very warmly, since the Apollo program was terminated ahead of schedule, and the three already completed remained unused. Apparently, the meeting was so cool that both the USA and the USSR forgot about the Moon for decades, as if there was nothing interesting on it.
After the famous panic in the USA that arose in October 1938, the authorities of this country do not risk injuring their citizens with reports of the reality of aliens. Indeed, then, during the broadcast of the novel by G. Wells “The War of the Worlds”, thousands of people believed that the Martians actually attacked the Earth. Some fled the cities in a panic, others hid in basements, others built barricades and prepared to repel the invasion of terrible monsters with weapons in their hands...
Not surprisingly, all information about aliens on the moon was classified. As it turned out, not only the presence of aliens on the Earth’s satellite was hidden from the world community, but also the presence of ruins of ancient cities, mysterious structures and mechanisms.
Ruins of grandiose buildings
October 30, 2007 former Head of the NASA Lunar Laboratory Photographic Service Ken Johnston and writer Richard Hoagland staged in Washington, reports of which immediately appeared in all world news channels. And this is not surprising, because it was a sensation that caused the effect of an exploding bomb. Johnston and Hoagland said that at one time American astronauts discovered on the moon ruins of ancient cities and artifacts, talking about the existence of some highly developed civilization on it in the distant past.
At a press conference, photographs of objects of obviously artificial origin present on the lunar surface were shown. As Johnston admitted, NASA from lunar photographic materials coming into the public domain, all details that could arouse suspicion of their artificial origin were removed.
“I saw with my own eyes how, in the late 60s, NASA employees were ordered to paint over the moon sky on the negatives,” recalls Johnston. - When I asked: “Why?”, They explained to me: “In order not to mislead the astronauts, because the sky on the Moon is!”
According to Ken, in a number of shots against the black sky, intricate configurations appeared as white stripes, which were the ruins of grandiose buildings that once reached a few kilometers high.
Of course, if such pictures were made freely available, uncomfortable questions would not be avoided. Richard Hoagland showed reporters a picture of a grandiose structure - a tower of glass, which was called the "castle". Perhaps this is one of the tallest structures found on the moon.
Hoagland made a rather interesting statement: “Both NASA and the Soviet space program have separately found that we are not alone in the universe. There are ruins on the moon, the heritage of a culture that was much more enlightened than we are now.".
So that the sensation does not become a shock
By the way, in the second half of the 1990s, a similar briefing on the topic was already held. The official press release then read: “On March 21, 1996, at a briefing at the National Press Club in Washington, NASA scientists and engineers who participated in the implementation of the Moon and Mars exploration programs reported on the results of processing the information received. For the first time, the existence of artificial structures and man-made objects on the Moon was announced.
Of course, already at that briefing, journalists asked why such sensational facts were hidden for so long? Here is the answer of one of the NASA employees, which sounded then: “...20 years ago it was difficult to predict how people would react to the message that someone was or is on the moon in our time. In addition, there were other non-NASA reasons.".
It is worth noting that NASA seems to have intentionally leaked information about extraterrestrial intelligence on the Moon. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain the fact that George Leonard, who published his book in 1970, wrote it on the basis of numerous photographs, which he obtained access to NASA. It is curious that the entire circulation of his book almost instantly disappeared from store shelves. It is believed that it could be bought in bulk so that the book would not be widely distributed.
Leonard writes in his book: “We were assured of the complete lifelessness of the Moon, but the data suggests otherwise. Decades before the space age, astronomers mapped hundreds of strange "domes", observed "cities that grow", and single lights, geometric shadows were noticed by both professionals and amateurs ".
He gives an analysis of numerous photographs in which he was able to distinguish both artificial structures and gigantic mechanisms of amazing dimensions. There is a feeling that the Americans have developed a plan for the gradual preparation of their population, and humanity as a whole, to the idea that an extraterrestrial civilization has settled on the moon.
Most likely, this plan included even myth about the lunar scam: well, since the Americans did not fly to the moon, it means that all reports about aliens and cities on the earth's satellite cannot be considered reliable.
Spaceship on the far side of the moon
Ruin cities on the Moon
The Moon is an artificial satellite of the Earth!
Back in the 1960s, Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcherbakov of the USSR Academy of Sciences put forward the hypothesis that our satellite was actually artificially created. This hypothesis has eight main postulates, popularly called "riddles", which analyze some of the most amazing moments regarding the satellite.
* About Essence, Mind and much more... - the official site of an amazing person, Russian scientist, healer, writer - Academician Nikolai Levashov
Back in the 1960s, Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcherbakov of the USSR Academy of Sciences put forward the hypothesis that our satellite was actually artificially created.
This hypothesis has eight main postulates, popularly called "riddles", which analyze some of the most amazing moments regarding the satellite.
Due to the issue of time and scientific accuracy, we will put aside most of the reflections on the nature of the luminary in order to concentrate on specific dilemmas that continue to be puzzles in modern science.
In fact, the orbit of motion and the size of the Moon's satellite are physically almost impossible. If it were natural, one could argue that this is an extremely strange "whim" of the cosmos. This is due to the fact that the magnitude of the Moon is equal to a quarter of the magnitude of the Earth, and the ratio of the magnitudes of the satellite and the planet is always many times smaller.
The distance from the Moon to the Earth is such that the sizes of the Sun and the Moon are visually the same. This allows us to observe such a rare phenomenon as a total solar eclipse, when the Moon completely covers the Sun. The same mathematical impossibility holds for the masses of both celestial bodies.
If the Moon were a body that at some point was attracted by the Earth and acquired a natural orbit, then this orbit would be expected to be elliptical. Instead, it is strikingly round.
The second mystery of the moon: the implausible curvature of the surface of the moon
The incredible curvature that the surface of the Moon possesses is inexplicable. The moon is not a round body. The results of geological studies lead to the conclusion that this planetoid is actually a hollow ball. Although it is, scientists still fail to explain how the Moon can have such a strange structure without being destroyed.
One explanation offered by the aforementioned scientists is that the lunar crust was made from a solid titanium framework. Indeed, it has been proven that the lunar crust and rocks have extraordinary levels of titanium content. According to Russian scientists Vasin and Shcherbakov, the thickness of the titanium layer is 30 km.
The Third Mystery of the Moon: Lunar Craters
The explanation for the presence of a huge number of meteorite craters on the surface of the Moon is widely known - the absence of an atmosphere. Most of the cosmic bodies that are trying to penetrate the Earth encounter kilometers of atmosphere on their way, and everything ends with the “aggressor” disintegrating.
The moon does not have the ability to protect its surface from the scars left by all the meteorites crashing into it - craters of all sizes. What remains inexplicable is the shallow depth to which the aforementioned bodies were able to penetrate. Indeed, it looks as if a layer of extremely strong substance did not allow meteorites to penetrate into the center of the satellite.
Even craters with a diameter of 150 kilometers do not exceed 4 kilometers deep into the moon. This feature is inexplicable in terms of normal observations that there should be craters at least 50 km deep.
The Fourth Mystery of the Moon: "Lunar Seas"
How did the so-called "lunar seas" form? These gigantic areas of solid lava that comes from the interior of the Moon could easily be explained if the Moon were a hot planet with a liquid interior where they could originate from meteorite impacts. But physically it is much more likely that the Moon, judging by its size, has always been a cold body. Another mystery is the location of the "lunar seas". Why are 80% of them on the visible side of the moon?
The Fifth Mystery of the Moon: Mascons
The gravitational pull on the moon's surface is not uniform. This effect had already been noted by the Apollo VIII crew as they circled the lunar seas. Mascons (from "Mass Concentration" - concentration of mass) are places where, as it is believed, there is a substance of greater density or in large quantities. This phenomenon is closely related to the lunar seas, since the mascons are located under them.
The Sixth Mystery of the Moon: Geographical Asymmetry
A rather shocking fact in science, which still cannot be explained, is the geographical asymmetry of the Moon's surface. The famous "dark" side of the Moon has many more craters, mountains and landforms. In addition, as we have already mentioned, most of the seas, on the contrary, are on the side that we can see.
The Seventh Mystery of the Moon: The Low Density of the Moon
The density of our satellite is 60% of the density of the Earth. This fact, together with various studies, proves that the Moon is a hollow object. Moreover, several scientists have ventured to suggest that the aforementioned cavity is artificial.
In fact, given the location of the surface layers that have been identified, scientists argue that the Moon looks like a planet that formed "in reverse", and some use this as an argument in favor of the "artificial casting" theory.
The Eighth Riddle of the Moon: Origins
In the last century, three theories of the origin of the moon were conditionally accepted for a long time. At present, most of the scientific community has accepted the hypothesis of the artificial origin of the planetoid of the Moon as no less justified than others. One theory suggests that the Moon is a fragment of the Earth.
But the enormous differences in the nature of these two bodies make this theory practically untenable. Another theory is that this celestial body was formed at the same time as the Earth, from the same cloud of cosmic gas. But the previous conclusion is also valid in relation to this judgment, since the Earth and the Moon would have to have at least a similar structure.
The third theory suggests that, while wandering through space, the moon fell into the earth's gravity, which caught and turned it into its "captive". The big flaw with this explanation is that the Moon's orbit is practically circular and cyclic. With such a phenomenon (when the satellite is "caught" by the planet), the orbit would be sufficiently removed from the center, or at least would be a kind of ellipsoid.+
The fourth assumption is the most incredible of all, but in any case it can explain the various anomalies that are associated with the satellite of the Earth, since if the Moon was constructed by intelligent beings, then the physical laws to which it is subject to action would not be equally applicable to other celestial bodies.
The mysteries of the Moon put forward by the scientists Vasin and Shcherbakov are only some of the real physical estimates of the anomalies of the Moon. In addition, there are many other video, photo evidence and studies that give confidence to those who think about the possibility that our "natural" satellite is not one.
The Moon is humanity's closest companion on our journey through outer space, and also the only celestial body we have visited. Nevertheless, despite its relative proximity to us and its apparent simplicity, our satellite continues to hide many interesting secrets, and some of them are worth learning about.
1. Moonquakes
Despite the fact that, in fact, the Moon is just a dead piece of rock with extremely low geological activity, crustal movements occur there too. They are called moonquakes (by analogy with earthquakes).
There are four types of moonquakes: the first three - deep moonquakes, fluctuations from meteorite impacts and thermal moonquakes caused by solar activity - are relatively harmless. But moonquakes of the fourth kind can be quite unpleasant. Usually they are up to 5.5 points on the Richter scale - this is enough to start shaking small objects. These shocks last for about ten minutes. According to NASA, such moonquakes cause our Moon to "ring like a bell."
The most frightening thing about these moonquakes is that we have no idea what exactly causes them. Earthquakes on Earth are usually caused by the movement of tectonic plates, but there are simply no tectonic plates on the Moon. Some researchers think that they may have some connection with the tidal activity of the Earth, which, as it were, "pulls" the Moon on itself. However, the theory is not supported by anything - tidal forces are associated with full moons, and moonquakes are usually observed at other times.
2. Double planet
Most people are sure that the Moon is a satellite. However, many argue that the Moon should be classified as a planet. On the one hand, it is too large for a real satellite - its diameter is a quarter of the diameter of the Earth, so the Moon can be called the largest satellite in the solar system, given this ratio. Pluto, however, also has a satellite called Charon, whose diameter is equal to half the diameter of Pluto itself. Only now Pluto is no longer considered a real planet, so we will not take Charon into account.
Because of its large size, the Moon is not actually in Earth orbit. The Earth and the Moon revolve around each other and around some point in the center between them. This point is called the barycenter, and the illusion that the Moon is orbiting the Earth is caused by the fact that the center of gravity is currently inside the Earth's crust. It is this fact that does not allow us to classify the Earth with the Moon as a double planet, but in the future the situation may change.
3. Lunar debris
Everyone knows that there was a man on the moon. But not everyone knows that Man (let's write this word with a capital letter on purpose) used the Moon as a standard place for a picnic - the astronauts who visited the Moon left a lot of garbage there. It is believed that about 181,437 kg of artificial materials rest on the surface of the moon.
Of course, not only the astronauts are to blame - they did not deliberately scatter sandwich wrappers and banana peels on the Moon. Much of this debris is from various experiments, space probes and lunar rovers, some of which are still operational.
4. Moon grave
Eugene "Gene" Shoemaker, a well-known astronomer and geologist, is something of a legend in his circles: he developed methods for the scientific study of cosmic effects, and also invented the techniques that Apollo astronauts used to explore the moon.
Shoemaker wanted to be an astronaut himself, but was unable to get the job due to minor health issues. This remained the biggest disappointment of his life, but Shoemaker nevertheless continued to dream that he would one day be able to visit the moon himself. When he died, NASA fulfilled his deepest wish and sent his ashes to the moon with the Lunar Prospector in 1998. His ashes remain there, scattered among the moondust.
5. Lunar anomalies
Some of the images taken by various satellites show very strange things on the surface of the Moon. It seems that there are artificial structures on the Moon, the size of which varies from very tiny, usually in the form of a parallelepiped, to "obelisks" at least 1.5 km high.
Fans of paranormal phenomena even "found" among these objects a large castle, "hanging" high above the surface of the moon. All this seems to indicate an advanced civilization that previously lived on the moon and allegedly built complex structures.
NASA has never debunked these strange theories, despite the fact that all the pictures are most likely faked by conspiracy theorists.
6. Moon dust
One of the most amazing and at the same time the most dangerous things on the moon is lunar dust. As everyone knows, sand penetrates everywhere on Earth, but the dust on the moon is an extremely dangerous substance: it is fine, like flour, but at the same time very coarse. Thanks to its texture and low gravity, it penetrates absolutely anywhere.
NASA has had numerous problems with lunar dust: it tore apart astronauts' boots nearly completely, seeped into ships and spacesuits, and caused "lunar hay fever" in unfortunate astronauts if they inhaled it. It is believed that with prolonged contact with lunar dust, any, even the most durable object, can break.
Oh, by the way, this devilish substance smells like burnt gunpowder.
7. Difficulties with low gravity
Although the gravity on the moon is only one-sixth that of the earth, moving on its surface is quite a feat. Buzz Aldrin said that it would be extremely difficult to establish settlements on the Moon: the legs of astronauts in bulky spacesuits were almost 15 cm buried in lunar dust.
Despite the low gravity, human inertia is high on the Moon, making it difficult to move quickly or change direction. If the astronauts wanted to move faster, they had to pretend to be clumsy kangaroos, which was also a problem, since the Moon is full of craters and other dangerous objects.
8. Origin of the Moon
Where did the moon come from? There is no simple and exact answer, but, nevertheless, science allows us to make several assumptions.
There are five main theories about the origin of the moon. The fission theory claims that the Moon was once part of our planet and separated from it at a very early stage in the history of the Earth - in fact, the Moon could just be in the place of the modern Pacific Ocean. The capture theory says that the moon simply "wandered" through the universe until it was captured by the earth's gravity. Other theories say that our satellite either formed from the debris of asteroids, or was left from the collision of the Earth with an unknown planet the size of Mars.
The most reliable theory of the origin of the Moon so far is called the Theory of the Rings: a protoplanet (a planet that is just being formed) called Theia collided with the Earth, and the cloud of debris that formed after that eventually came together and turned into the Moon.
9. Moon and sleep
The influence of the Moon and the Earth on each other cannot be denied. However, the influence of the Moon on humans is a source of ongoing debate. Many believe that the full moon is the cause of the strange behavior of people, but science cannot provide conclusive evidence for or against this theory. But science agrees that the moon can disrupt the cycle of human sleep.
According to an experiment conducted at the University of Basel in Switzerland, the phases of the moon affect human sleep cycles in a very specific way. Worst of all, people sleep, as a rule, precisely on the full moon. These results can fully explain the so-called "lunar madness": according to the experiment and the assurances of many people, it is on the full moon that they most often have nightmares.
10. Moon shadows
When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first set foot on the Moon, they made an amazing discovery: the shadows on the Moon are much darker than Earth's shadows due to the absence of an atmosphere. All moon shadows are completely black. As soon as the astronauts stepped into the shadows, they could no longer see their own feet, despite the disk of the sun glowing brightly in the sky.
Of course, the astronauts were able to adapt to this, but such a contrast between dark and light areas of the surface still remained a problem. Astronauts have noticed that some shadows - namely their own - have a halo. They later learned that the eerie phenomenon was due to the opposition effect, in which some dark shadow areas appear to have a bright halo, provided that the observer looks at the shadows at a certain angle.
The shadows of the moon have plagued many of the Apollo missions. Some astronauts found it impossible to complete spacecraft maintenance tasks because they couldn't see what their hands were doing. Others thought that they accidentally landed in a cave - such an effect was created due to the shadows cast by the slopes.
11. Lunar magnetism
One of the most interesting mysteries of the Moon is that the Moon has no magnetic field. Surprisingly, at the same time, the stones that astronauts first brought from the Moon to Earth in the 1960s had magnetic properties. Maybe the stones are of alien origin? How can they have magnetic properties if there is no magnetic field on the Moon?
Over the years, science has established that the moon once had a magnetic field, but so far no one can say why it disappeared. There are two main theories: one says that the magnetic field disappeared due to the natural movements of the moon's iron core, and the second claims that this may be due to a series of collisions of the moon with meteorites.
