Relationship between longitude and time. Time difference in Russia

Is it important for everyone to know what time it is in other parts of the world and Russia? Why in Moscow they say: “Good night!”, And at the same time in Vladivostok, a greeting sounds: “Good morning!”. This lesson will help you get an idea of the differences in time in Russia. During the lesson, you will learn how local time differs from zone time, what a "date line" is, how many times a year you can celebrate the New Year in Russia.

Topic: Geographical position of Russia

Lesson: Differences in time in Russia

1. Introduction

Our country is stretched from west to east for almost 10,000 km, and this feature of the geographical position has affected the time difference on the territory of Russia. (see fig.1)

Rice. 1. The length of Russia from west to east

2. Local time

Day is the natural unit of time. Noon is the highest position of the sun in relation to the point of observation. Noon simultaneously occurs for all points of one meridian - from the North to the South Poles, that is, the time is the same along the entire meridian. This time is called solar time, or local

St. Petersburg, Cairo, Ankara, Harare (Zimbabwe), Pretoria have approximately the same local time, since the longitudes of these settlements differ slightly.

A difference in longitude between two locations of just 1º would provide a difference of 4 minutes between their local time. The earth makes a full 360º rotation in 24 hours, or 1440 minutes, so it rotates 1º in 4 minutes. So the difference in longitudes between Moscow (37 ° E). and St. Petersburg (30 ° E) is 7º, thus, the local time of these settlements differs by 28 minutes (i.e., almost half an hour). (See Fig. 2)

Rice. 2. Differences in local time between Moscow and St. Petersburg

3. World time

On a relatively large territory, the use of local time in everyday life turns out to be inconvenient: a unified time reference system is needed. For example, having moved from the western outskirts of Moscow to the eastern one, we have to set the clock forward one and a half minutes, and having moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, almost half an hour ago. Therefore, in most countries of the world, a system has been adopted standard time.

It was proposed in 1878 by the Canadian engineer Sandford Fleming (see Fig. 3), which was adopted in 1884 at the International Astronomical Congress in the USA (Washington), where 26 countries were present.

Rice. 3. Sandford Fleming (1827-1915)

According to the idea of S. Fleming, the entire surface of the globe is conditionally divided by meridians into 24 time zones, each 15 ° (1 hour) in longitude. (see fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Time zones

At all points of each time zone, the time corresponding to the average meridian of this zone is set. The entire belt lives according to the time of its middle meridian. The difference in time between neighboring meridians (time zones) is exactly 1 hour, and the minute and second hands all over the Earth are the same. The belts are counted in the direction from west to east. Accordingly, when moving from west to east, the hour hand moves forward, from east to west - back.

Rice. 5. Scheme of counting time zones

Belts are indicated by Roman numerals. For the zero one, it is XXIV, the belt is taken, the average meridian of which is the Greenwich meridian. Greenwich time is considered world ( sometimes the term is used - Western European) . (see fig. 6)

Rice. 6. Zero time zone

Widespread name Central European time is the time of the I time zone.

The meridian opposite the Greenwich meridian 180° is date line. This line runs from pole to pole along the meridian of 180 ° with some deviations so that it does not intersect countries and archipelagos. (See Fig. 7)

Rice. 7. Dateline

As already noted, the countdown of time zones starts from the zero (Western European) time zone. Most of the countries of Europe (with the exception of Great Britain and Portugal), as well as the Kaliningrad region of Russia, are located in the I (Central European) time zone. Moscow is in II ( Eastern European) time zone. Standard time of Moscow, the average meridian of which is 30 c. d lies a little west of St. Petersburg, differs by one hour from Central European.

4. Russia on the map of time zones

Geographically, Russia is located within 11 time zones - from II to XII

(from the extreme western point - the Baltic Spit (19º E) - to Ratmanov Island - the extreme eastern point of Russia (169 W.) (see Fig. 8-9). The difference between them is 172 º (172 º: 15 º \u003d 11.5 hours).

Rice. 8. The extreme western point of Russia

Rice. 9. The extreme eastern point of Russia

Rice. 10. Time zones of Russia

On land, the boundaries of time zones, which have a submeridional strike, are drawn not strictly along the meridians, but along natural boundaries (mountains, rivers) and administrative boundaries. At the same time, the entire territory of a particular subject of the Russian Federation - republics, territories, regions - turns out to be in the same time zone.

5. Daylight Savings Time

In fact, the time difference between Moscow and, for example, Berlin or Paris is not one, but two hours. This is due to the fact that throughout Russia there is decree time that differs by one hour from standard time.

In 1930, by a resolution (decree) of the government, the hands of the clock were moved one hour ahead compared to standard time. This was done in order to more fully use the daylight hours, and therefore, in order to save electricity. Decree time of the II time zone, where Moscow is located, is called Moscow time.

Since 1981, Russia has been operating from March to September summer time. On the last Sunday in March, the clocks were set one more hour ahead of standard time. Since 2008, the return to standard time usually took place on the last Saturday of October by moving the clock hand back one hour. Since October 2011, there has been no change to winter time.

6. Conclusion

. Day is the natural unit of time.

Time on a given meridian is called local, and within the time zone - belt.

Due to the large extent of the territory of Russia from west to east, it is located in 11 time zones - from II to XI, but the real difference in time is between two points located on the territory in Russia - 9 hours.

Valid throughout Russia maternity time, which differs from the belt by 1 hour.

Homework

1. Determine on the map of time zones in which time zone is your republic, region, city?

2. What changes will occur when crossing the date line from west to east? From east to west?

1. Geography of Russia. Nature. Population. 1 hour Grade 8 / auth. V. P. Dronov, I. I. Barinova, V. Ya Rom, A. A. Lobzhanidze

2. Geography of Russia. population and economy. Grade 9 / auth. V.P. Dronov, V. Ya. Rom

3. Geography of Russia. Nature. Population. Textbook Grade 8 / Pyatunin V. B., Customs E. A.

4. Atlas. Geography of Russia. Population and economy / publishing house "Drofa" 2012

5. UMK (educational kit) "SPHERES". Textbook "Russia: nature, population, economy. Grade 8 "author. V. P. Dronov, L. E Savelyeva. Atlas.

problem books

1. Tasks by time zones.

2. Tasks for preparing for the exam in geography (online tests) on the topic "Time Zones".

3. Algorithm for solving problems for determining standard and local time.

Other tutorials on this topic

1. Time zones on the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. Russia on the map of time zones.

Find out more on the topic

1. Standard time.

3. Up-to-date information on time zones and time difference between cities and countries.

4. Time zones (video).

5. Time zones of Russia.

7. Reduction of time zones in Russia.

8. International date line and time zones of the Earth.

Virtual and real experiments

1. Definition of maternity and summer time in Russia.

2. Interactive map of Russia's time zones. On it you can determine the current time in various parts of the country.

The earth makes a full rotation around its axis 360 degrees in 24 hours (day). In different places of the globe, located on different meridians, i.e. having different longitudes, at the same moment, the clock shows different times.

Solar time at points located on the same meridian is called local. To find out the difference in local time between two geographical objects, it is necessary to know the geographical longitude of these points. Multiply the difference between the longitudes by 4 minutes (since the time difference between neighboring ones is 4 minutes) and get the time difference. Since it is different at each specific moment of the day, even on neighboring meridians, it is inconvenient to use it. Therefore, according to the international agreement, standard time was introduced. To do this, the entire surface of the Earth is divided into 24 by 15 degrees of longitude in each.

From west to east, so at points located to the east, the time of day will be longer.

Time at points located within the same time zone is called zone time. Within each zone, the time is set according to the local time of the median meridian of this zone. For example: a zero belt is a belt whose median meridian is the zero meridian. The same belt is the 24th. From it, the belts are counted to the east. The difference in time between zones is equal to the difference between the numbers of time zones. For example: the time difference between the 2nd and 3rd zones (3 - 2 = 1) is 1 hour. The boundaries of time zones are not drawn strictly along the meridians, but take into account administrative boundaries.

It is located in 11 time zones - from the 2nd to the 12th, but the 11th and 12th zones are combined into one, so the time difference between the extreme western and eastern points of our country is 10 hours.

Examples of problem solving

Task #1

Determine the local time at , if it is 12 o'clock in Novosibirsk.

Decision:

Because local time - solar time at points located on the same meridian, we determine the longitude of Vladivostok and .
Vladivostok - 132° E D., Novosibirsk - 83°E d.
We determine the difference between these settlements (in degrees) - 132 ° - 83 ° = 49 °
Because 1° = 4 minutes, then 49 times 4 minutes = 196 minutes (3 hours, 16 minutes).
Because in Novosibirsk 12 hours, and Vladivostok is located to the east (which means that the day starts earlier there) 12 + 3 hours 16 minutes = 15 hours 16 minutes.

Task #2

Determine standard time in Murmansk, if it is 18 hours in Yakutsk.

Decision:

Determine where these cities are located. Murmansk - 2nd time zone, Yakutsk - 8;
Determine the difference in time zones - 8 - 2 = 6 time zones (each time zone is 1 hour difference);
If it is 18 hours in Yakutsk, Murmansk is located to the west, then there is less time - 18 - 6 = 12 hours.

The size and shape of the territory of Russia. Longitude difference between time zones. What new did you learn in the lesson. Algorithm for determining standard time. Difference in time. Advantages and disadvantages of a large area. What time will it be in Yakutsk if it is 10.00 in the afternoon in Blagoveshchensk. The shape of the territory of Russia. What time zones is Russia in? Complete tasks. Advantages. Territory sizes.

"Time zones of Russia" - Igor Akinfeev, goalkeeper of the CSKA football club. Ratmanov Island. Types of motion of the Earth. Different meridians have different times. Airplane. Longitude difference. Where does a new day on Earth begin. What time zone should the city be in? Russia on the map of time zones. How many time zones are allocated in our country. Is it convenient to use local time. Time zones of Russia. Standard time.

"Map of time zones in Russia" - Borders of time zones. Practical work. International standard time. Locality. Date line. Change clock. Russia. Get acquainted with the position of Russia in time zones. Terms and concepts. Translate of time. Time. Labor and sleep. The local time. Map of time zones of the world. Moscow time. Point meridian. Standard time. Decree time.

"European part of Russia" - the Volga region. Fertile soils. Types of EGP. Mark and label the field on the map. North Caucasus. Central industrial area. What is it. Ural economic region. Natural resources. agro-climatic conditions. Types of industries in the economic region. European part of Russia. Specialization. The region has a multi-ethnic population. Why an aluminum plant was built in Volgograd.

"Administrative-territorial division of Russia" - Cities-millionaires. Volga-Vyatka ER and Central Black Earth ER. Volga-Vyatka ER. Volga ER. Amurskaya Oblast. Krasnoyarsk region. The edges. Murmansk region. Ural ER. Buryat Autonomous Okrug. Main areas of specialization. Economic map of the West Siberian ER. Mari El Republic. Republic of Tatarstan. North Caucasian ER. Square. Autonomous regions. Economic map of SCER. federal districts.

"Economic regions of the Russian Federation" - Dairy and meat cattle breeding. Vladimir Kolomna. Initial raw material. Decipher the logic. The composition of the region. Branches of specialization. Engineering. Geographic dictation. Obninsk. Territorial structure of settlement and economy. Stages of development of the economy. Economic and geographical position of the Central Black Earth region. Statistics. EGP. Region. Central Black Earth region.

Topic: Geographical position of Russia

Lesson: Differences in time in Russia

Our country is stretched from west to east for almost 10,000 km, and this feature of the geographical position has affected the time difference on the territory of Russia. (see fig.1)

Rice. 1. The length of Russia from west to east

St. Petersburg, Cairo, Ankara, Harare (Zimbabwe), Pretoria have approximately the same local time, since the longitudes of these settlements differ slightly.

A difference in longitude between two locations of just 1º would provide a difference of 4 minutes between their local time. The earth makes a full 360º rotation in 24 hours, or 1440 minutes, so it rotates 1º in 4 minutes. So the difference in longitudes between Moscow (37 ° E). and St. Petersburg (30° E) is 7º, so the local time of these settlements differs by 28 minutes (i.e., almost half an hour). (see fig.2)

Rice. 2. Differences in local time between Moscow and St. Petersburg

It was proposed in 1878 by Canadian engineer Sandford Fleming (see fig.3), which in 1884 was adopted at the International Astronomical Congress in the USA (Washington), where 26 countries were present.

Rice. 3. Sandford Fleming (1827-1915)

According to the idea of S. Fleming, the entire surface of the globe is conditionally divided by meridians into 24 time zones, each 15 ° (1 hour) in longitude. (see fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Time zones ()

Rice. 5. Scheme of counting time zones

Rice. 6. Zero time zone ()

Widespread name Central European time is the time of the I time zone.

The meridian opposite the Greenwich meridian 180° is date line. This line runs from pole to pole along the 180° meridian with some deviations so that it does not cross countries and archipelagos. (see fig. 7)

Rice. 7. Dateline

As already noted, the countdown of time zones starts from the zero (Western European) time zone. Most of the countries of Europe (with the exception of Great Britain and Portugal), as well as the Kaliningrad region of Russia, are located in the I (Central European) time zone. Moscow is in II ( Eastern European) timezone. The standard time of Moscow, the average meridian of which is 30 E lies a little west of St. Petersburg, differs by one hour from the Central European one.

Geographically, Russia is located within 11 time zones - from II to XII

(from the extreme western point - the Baltic Spit (19º E) - to Ratmanov Island - the extreme eastern point of Russia (169 W). (See Fig. 8-9). The difference between them is 172 º (172 º: 15 º = 11.5 hours).

Rice. 8. The extreme western point of Russia

Rice. 9. The extreme eastern point of Russia

In fact, the difference in time throughout Russia is 9 hours. [L1] For example, when in Kaliningrad it is 15 hours, in Anadyr, Uelen, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - 24 hours.

Rice. 10. Time zones of Russia

. Day is the natural unit of time.

Time on a given meridian is called local, and within the time zone - belt.

Valid throughout Russia maternity time, which differs from the belt by 1 hour.

Homework

Determine on the map of time zones () in which time zone is your republic, region, city?
What changes will occur when crossing the date line from west to east? From east to west?

1 . How many time zones is the entire globe divided into?
1) 10 2)12 3)14 4)36

2 . How many times in Russia can you celebrate the New Year?
1) 9 2) 10 3)11 4)12

3 . How many time zones are allocated in Russia7
1) 9 2) 10 3) 11 4) 12

4 . What time zone is Moscow in?
1) I 2) II 3) III 4) IV

5 . In what time zone should a settlement in Russia be located if the time of the settlement differs from Moscow by 5 hours?
1) IV 2) V 3) VI 4) VII

6 . Which of the following cities is located in the fifth time zone?

Kaliningrad
Vladivostok
Anadyr

7 . Which of the following cities is located in the seventh time zone and has 4 hours
difference with Moscow?

Bryansk
Kaliningrad
Birobidzhan

8 . In which of the following cities will it be 13:00 when it is noon in Irkutsk?

Kaliningrad
St. Petersburg
Novosibirsk

9 . Which statement is true?

The Greenwich meridian is the international date line.
When crossing the international date line from east to west, you find yourself in "yesterday".
Russia is located in 12 time zones.
The boundaries of time zones on land are drawn strictly along the meridians.

10 . Since what year did summer time begin to be introduced in Russia?
1) 1919 2) 1930 3) 1981 4) 1991

11 . What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Krasnoyarsk (VI hour zone),
if it's midnight in London (0 time zone)?

12 . What time (including maternity time) will it be in Murmansk (II hour zone),
when it's 12 noon in London. day?

13. On what meridian is the point located, if it is known that at midnight in time
Greenwich meridian local solar time in it (point) 22 hours? (justify your answer)

14 . Determine standard time (taking into account maternity time) in Krasnoyarsk (VІ hour zone), if in
London 11 o'clock.

15 . What time is it in Omsk (V hour zone) when it is 3 pm in Moscow?

16 . On what meridian is the point located, if it is known that at midnight in time
Greenwich meridian local solar time in it (point) 20 hours?
(justify your answer)

17 What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Vladivostok (ІΧ time zone),
When is midnight in London?

18 .What is the time (including maternity leave) in Omsk (V hour zone), if it is 15 hours in London?

19 . What time is it (including maternity leave) in Khabarovka (ІΧ time zone), when is it midnight in London?

20. What time is it (including maternity leave) in Magadan (Χ time zone) when in London
midnight?

21. What time (including maternity time) will it be in Norilsk (VI hour zone) when in London
midnight?

22 . Determine the standard time (including maternity time) in Bratsk (VII hour zone), if in London
noon?

23 .What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Murmansk (II hour zone),
When is 0 a.m. in London?

24 .What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Vilyuysk (VІІІ hour zone),
When is 1pm in London?

25 .What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Kursk (II time zone),
when in Prague (I hour zone) 10 am?

26 .What time is it (including maternity leave) in Oslo (I hour zone),
when in Novosibirsk (VІ hour zone) 7 o'clock in the morning?

27 .What time is it in Paris (I hour zone), when in Orenburg (IV time zone) taking into account
maternity leave 21 hours?

28 .What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Khabarovsk (ІΧ time zone),
When is 12 noon in Copenhagen (I hour zone)?

29 .What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Murmansk (II hour zone),
When is 12 noon in Tokyo (ІΧ time zone)?

30. What time (including maternity leave) will it be in Murmansk (II time zone),
When is 12 noon in Tokyo (ІΧ time zone)?

31 .What time will it be in Berlin (I hour zone) when in St. Petersburg
(including maternity leave) 20 hours?

32 . How much does local time differ between the extreme western and eastern points of Africa?
Justify your reasoning with calculations.

33 . It was 4 p.m. in Norilsk when the plane took off for Moscow.
The plane flew for 4 hours. It was 4 p.m. in Moscow when he landed.
What time zone is Norilsk in?

34 .In what direction should the clock hands be moved if you flew by plane from
Vladivostok to Moscow

35 .How many hours earlier will morning come in Moscow (in Yekaterinburg) compared to
London?

36 .How can you celebrate the New Year twice in Russia?

37 . The difference in longitude between 2 settlements is 20º. Can they be in the same
time zone, how much does the local time of these points differ?

39 . Determine when, according to Moscow time, you must land in Moscow (II
time zone) the plane that took off from Chita (VІІІ time zone) at 7 o'clock local time
time if the estimated flight time is 8 hours. Justify the decision.

40 . In what cases is the following possible: between points a distance of 5 km,
and the time difference is:
a) whole day
b) 2 hours;
c) 1 hour.

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