Greek metaphor - transfer. the most extensive form of the trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or representation to another, the transfer to it of significant features or characteristics of the latter ... Dictionary of cultural studies
1. Baranov A.N., Karaulov Yu.N. Dictionary of Russian political metaphors. - M., 1994.
2. Gorbachevich K.S. Dictionary of epithets of the Russian literary language. - SPb., 2001.
3. Gorte M.A. Figures of speech: terminological dictionary: 200 stylistic and rhetorical devices. - M., 2007.
4. Zimin, V.I. Dictionary-thesaurus of Russian proverbs, sayings and apt expressions. - M., 2008.
5. Moskvin V.P. Expressive means of modern Russian speech. Paths and figures: Terminological dictionary. - M., 2007
6. Novikov A.B. Dictionary of paraphrases of the Russian language: On the material of newspaper journalism. 2nd ed., stereotype. - M., 2000.
7. Pavlovich N.V. Dictionary of poetic images: On the material of Russian fiction of the XVIII-XX centuries: In 2 volumes - M., 1999.
8. Dictionary of figurative expressions of the Russian language / Ed. V.N. Telia. - M., 1995.
Dictionaries of the language of writers and individual works
1. Ashukin N.S., Ozhegov S.I., Filippov V.A. Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky. - M., 1993.
2. Bulakhov M.G. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" in Literature, Art, Science: A Brief Encyclopedic Dictionary. – Minsk, 1989.
3. Kolesnikov N.P. Dictionary of neologisms V.V. Mayakovsky / Ed. N.M. Shansky. - Tbilisi, 1991.
4. Lermontov Encyclopedia. - M., 1981.
5. Polukhina V., Pyarli Yu. Dictionary of I. Brodsky's tropes (on the material of the collection "Part of Speech"). – Tartu, 1995.
6. Pushkin Linguistic Encyclopedia. - Tver, 1998.
7. Dictionary of rhymes by A. Blok. - St. Petersburg, 1998.
8. Dictionary of Russian poetry of the XX century. T. 1. - M., 2001.
9. Index to comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector". - Tver, 1990.
10. Encyclopedia "Words about Igor's Campaign": in 5 volumes / Resp. ed. O.V. Curds. - St. Petersburg, 1995.
Terminological dictionaries
1. Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms. - M., 1966; 2nd ed. - M., 1969.
2. Large explanatory dictionary of official terms / Comp. Yu.I. Fedinsky. - M., 2004.
3. Big legal dictionary / Ed. AND I. Sukharev, V.E. Krutskikh. - M., 2004.
4. Vaulina E.Yu. Let's talk right! Legal terminology of modern Russia: a brief dictionary-reference book. - St. Petersburg. - M., 2006.
5. Forensic Dictionary./ Ed. V. Burkhard. - M., 1993.
6. Letyagova T.V., Romanova N.N., Filippov A.V. Thousand States of the Soul: A Brief Psychological and Philological Dictionary. - M., 2006.
7. Matveeva T.V. Complete dictionary of linguistic terms. - M., 2010.
8. Matveeva T.V. Educational dictionary: Russian language, culture of speech, stylistics, rhetoric. - M., 2003.
9. Polonsky V.M. Dictionary of concepts and terms according to the legislation of the Russian Federation on education. - M., 1995.
10. Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. - M., 1997.
11. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. - M., 1975; 2nd ed. - M., 1986.
12. Rudnev V.N., Egorov P.A. Russian language and culture of speech: Terminological linguistic dictionary. - M., 2004.
13. Explanatory dictionary of business, commerce and marketing / Ed. ed. P.F. Perochenko. - M., 1992.
14. Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Entrepreneur / Comp. S.P. Sinelnikov, T.S. Solomonik, R.B. Borisov. Scientific ed. M.B. Birzhakov. - St. Petersburg, 1992.
15. Language of the market: Dictionary / Comp. Yu.V. Buryak and others. ed. V.M. Fedin. - M., 1992.
Explanatory dictionaries
1. 4000 most common words of the Russian language / Ed. N.M. Shansky. - M., 1981.
2. Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. S.A. Kuznetsova.
2nd ed. - St. Petersburg, 2000.
3. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: In the IV part of St. Petersburg, 3rd ed. / Ed. I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay. SPb., 1903-1911.
4. Efremova T.F. Explanatory dictionary of official parts of speech of the Russian language: - M., 2004.
5. Brief explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. V.V. Rozanova.
6th ed., rev. and additional - M., 1989.
6. Lopatin V.V., Lopatina L.E. Small explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
5th ed., stereotype. - M., 1998.
7. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. S. P. Obnorsky. 23rd ed., rev. - M., 1991;
8. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 2008.
9. Russian dictionary of language extension / Comp. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. - M., 1990.
10. Consolidated dictionary of modern Russian vocabulary: In 2 volumes / Ed. R.P. Rogozhnikova. - M., 1991.
11. Dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. 4th ed., stereotype. - M., 1999 (MAS - "Small Academic Dictionary").
12. Dictionary of the modern Russian literary language: In 17 volumes / Ed. A.M. Babkina, S.G. Barkhudarova, F.P. Filina and others. M.; L., 1948-1965. (accepted abbreviation BAS - "Big Academic Dictionary"):
Vol. 1 (A-B), 1948;
Vol. 2 (V-Vyashchy), 1951;
T. 3 (Г-Е), 1954;
T. 4 (Zh-Z), 1955;
V. 5 (I-K), 1956;
T. 6 (L-M), 1957;
T. 7 (N), 1958;
T. 8 (O), 1959;
Vol. 9 (P-Kick), 1959;
T. 10 (Polyasochek), 1960;
T. 11. (Great-five), 1961;
T. 12. (R), 1961;
T. 13. (S-Remove), 1962;
T. 14 (So-Syam), 1963;
T. 15. (T), 1963;
T. 16 (U-F), 1964;
T. 17 (X-Y), 1965.
13. Dictionary of the modern Russian literary language: In 20 volumes, 2nd ed., Revised. and additional - M, 1994 (Edition not completed).
14. Smetanina N.P. Russian language and speech culture: Basic terms and concepts. - N. Novgorod, 2010.
15. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / Ed. D.N. Ushakov. Reprint edition. - M., 2000.
Phraseological dictionaries
1. Big phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. Culturological commentary / Otv. ed. V.N. Telia. - M., 2009.
2. Dubrovina K.N. Encyclopedic dictionary of biblical phraseological units. - M., 2010.
3. Zhukov V.P., Zhukov A.V. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 2008.
4. Mikhelson M.I. Russian thought and speech: Own and alien: Experience of Russian phraseology: Collection of figurative words and allegories: In 2 volumes - M., 1994.
5. Mikhelson M.I. Walking and well-aimed words: A collection of Russian and foreign quotations, proverbs, sayings, proverbial expressions and individual words (allegory). - M., 1994.
6. Dictionary of figurative expressions of the Russian language / Ed. V.N. Telia. - M., 1995.
7. Yarantsev R.I. Russian phraseology. - M., 1997.
Encyclopedic dictionaries
1. Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M.N. Kozhina. - M., 2006.
2. Encyclopedic dictionary of terms and concepts of Russian legislation. /Aut.-Stat. N.G. Demenkova, M.S. Ignatova, I.Yu. Starikov and others; ed. A.P. Voitovich - M., 2010.
Etymological dictionaries
1. Glinkina L.A. Etymological secrets of Russian orthography. - M., 2007.
2. Preobrazhensky A.G. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. 1910-1914 (phototype reissue in 1959).
3. Fasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. In 4 volumes / Per. with him. and additions by O.N. Trubachev (first Russian-language edition 1964-1973; second - 1986-1987).
4. Chernykh P.Ya. Historical and etymological dictionary of the modern Russian language. - M., 1993.
5. Shansky N.M., Bobrova T.A. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1994.
Internet resources
1. http://www.gramota.ru
2. http://www.gramma.ru
3. http://www.slovari.ru
4. http://www.expertizy.narod.ru
5. http://www.rusyaz.ru
6. http://www.uchim.ru
8. http://www.russnet.org
FOR NOTES
Consider quotes:
1) Everything that people do in the truly human world is done with the help of language. (L. Uspensky)
2) A sharp tongue is the only cutting weapon that becomes even sharper from constant use. (W. Irving)
3) Language is a city, for the construction of which every person who lived on earth brought his own stone. (Emerson)
metaphor
(Greek metaphor - transfer). The use of a word in a figurative sense based on the similarity in some respect of two objects or phenomena. “Noble nest (the direct meaning of the word nest is “bird's dwelling”, figuratively - “human community”), aircraft wing ( cf.: bird wing), golden autumn ( cf.: gold chain). Unlike a two-term comparison, in which both what is being compared and what is being compared is given, a metaphor contains only the second, which creates compactness and figurativeness of the use of words. Metaphor is one of the most common tropes, since the similarity between objects or phenomena can be based on a variety of features.
Metaphor
METAPHOR s, w. metaphor f . , gr. metaphor transfer. A word or figure of speech used in a figurative sense to define an object, a phenomenon based on some kind of analogies, similarities. BAS-1. Our life is like a thin sheet; it is difficult to break through the loop, immediately another will come down after it, a third, and the whole canvas will be torn; stain with something caustic, you won’t wash off forever. Let's leave the metaphors and look back at real adventures. Dolgoruky Birth story 288. I want to fall asleep without metaphors. 1824. Vyazemsky Charms of the village. // Superan Impact. 186. Rivarol .. ennobled his entire family, appointed the color and galloons of the livery, painted his coat of arms and had to, contrary to meta...
Metaphor (from Greek metaphorá - transfer)
1) Trope ,
based on the principle of similarity. At the heart of M. is the ability of a word to a kind of doubling (multiplication) in speech of a nominative (denoting) function. So, in the phrase “pines raised their golden candles into the sky” (M. Gorky), the last word denotes two objects at the same time - trunks and candles. What is likened (trunks) corresponds to the figurative meaning of M., which is part of the context and forms an internal, hidden plan of its semantic structure; what serves as a means of assimilation (candles) corresponds to a direct meaning that contradicts the context and forms an external, explicit plan. Thus, in M. both plans of the semantic structure are given, as it were, together, while in comparison (See Comparison ... 1. Turnover of speech based on figurative meaning. METAPHOR (Greek metaphora - transfer) - the transfer of the properties of one object (phenomenon or facet of being) to another according to the principle of their similarity in some respect or in contrast. Primitive mythological consciousness is syncretic; it does not separate the cognizable world and the person who cognizes it. Therefore, metaphor arises during the period of decomposition of mythological consciousness: in the process of abstracting concrete ideas, figurative thinking develops. The medieval monotheistic universe is metaphorical through and through: for it the whole world is full of secret symbolic meaning. Folk culture with its calendar, predictions, signs, signs, creates its own version of metaphorical symbolism. The rationalistic philosophy of modern times (Hobbes, Locke) has a negative attitude towards M. The reason is that M. cannot directly express thought and convey knowledge, cannot adequately communicate the truth. All sorts of options for such an assessment of M. in cognition are characteristic of philosophical reflections of subjectivism, ... METAPHOR METAPHOR (transfer, Greek) the most extensive form of the trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or representation to another, transferring significant features or characteristics of the latter to it, using it as an incomplete comparison or principle (scheme) functional interpretation. With all the variety of interpretations of M., they all go back to the Aristotelian definition: “M. there is a transfer of an unusual name either from genus to species, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or by analogy. Love... metaphor - (from the Greek metaphora - transfer) - a type of path: a figurative knowledge of a word based on likening one object or phenomenon to another; a hidden comparison built on the similarity or contrast of phenomena, in which the words "as", "as if", "as if" are absent, but implied. M.'s varieties are: 1) Personification - assimilation to a living being: Through the wavy mists
The moon is making its way A.S. Pushkin 2) Reification - likening to an object: Nails would be made of these people: Stronger would not be in ...
METAPHOR METAPHOR (from Greek metaphora - transfer, image)
replacing the usual expression with a figurative one (for example, a ship of the desert); metaphorically - in a figurative sense, figuratively. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary
2. "Bronze of muscles" from the point of view of a linguist.
3. Turnover of speech based on analogy, comparison.
4. Trope, transferring the properties of one object to another.
Metaphor (Metaphor; Metapher) - the definition and study of one by referring to the image of the other; used as a conscious literary or therapeutic device and has always been used by storytellers and writers to give a certain piquancy to the mysterious or "express the inexpressible".
well. Greek other words, other words, allegory; bluntly; rhetorical trope, the transfer of a direct meaning to an indirect one, by the similarity of the understood; e.g. Sharp tongue. You can’t beg even iron prosvir from a stone priest. -ric, pertaining to a metaphor, allegorical.
Y, well. 1. Type of trail - a hidden figurative comparison, likening one object, a phenomenon to another (for example, a bowl of being), as well as generally figurative comparison in different types of art (special). Symbolic, romantic M. M. in cinema, in painting. Expanded m. 2. In linguistics: the figurative use of a word, the formation of such a meaning. II adj. metaphorical, th, th. M is the image of a troika bird in "Dead Souls". metaphorical thinking.
metaphor
Cm. example...
Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. - under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999(metaphora) - the application of a descriptive phrase of a term to a phenomenon to which they literally do not apply (see also Analogy). The role of metaphor in sociology and the sciences in general is significant (for example, the concept of light waves as "particles"), and perhaps the need is to establish new relationships or new mechanisms of explanation. However, its use can be problematic if the metaphor is taken literally, its applicability is not supported by independent evidence. In Lacan's structuralism and Barth's semiology, metaphor and metonymy, in which one signifier (meaning) takes the place of another, is seen as playing an essential role in the whole process of designation. See also Model.
METAPHOR (from the Greek. metaphora - transfer) - tropes, transferring the properties of one object (phenomenon) to another on the basis of a sign that is common or similar for both compared members ("talk of waves", "bronze of muscles").
Metaphor
metaphor,
metaphors
metaphors
metaphor,
metaphor
metaphors
metaphor
metaphors
metaphor
metaphor
metaphors
metaphor
metaphors
(Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak")
(gr. metaphora - transfer, meta, and phero - I carry). Allegorical expression; trope, which consists in the fact that the name of one concept is transferred to another based on the similarity between them.
(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language". Chudinov A.N., 1910)
Greek metaphora, from meta, and phero, carry. Allegory: A word used in a figurative sense.
(Source: "Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots." Mikhelson A.D., 1865)
rhetorical figure, consisting in the appropriation of an object that is not usually inherent ...
metaphor METAPHOR(from the Greek. metaphora - transfer) - the central path of the language, a complex figurative-semantic structure, representing a special way of cognition, carried out through the generation of images resulting from the interaction of two diverse meanings. Interest in M. arose within the framework of linguistic turn in philosophy, as a result of which the problem of M. and its epistemological possibilities has become one of the most important topics linguistic philosophy the last decades of the 20th century. As a result, the attitude towards M. that had existed since antiquity as a linguistic phenomenon was revised; it began to be interpreted as a special form of thought (M. Black, A. Richards). From the understanding of M. as a special kind of ... METAPHOR - a kind of trail, the use of a word in a figurative sense; a phrase that characterizes a given phenomenon by transferring to it the features inherent in another phenomenon (due to one or another similarity of the converging phenomena), which is so. arr. replaces him. The peculiarity of M. as a type of trope is that it is a comparison, the members of which have merged so much that the first member (what was compared) is displaced and completely replaced by the second (what was compared), for example. “A bee from a wax cell / Flies for tribute in the field” (Pushkin), where honey is compared with tribute and a beehive with a cell, and the first terms are replaced by the second. M., like any trope, is based on the property of the word that in its meaning it relies not only on the essential and general qualities of objects (phenomena), but also on all the wealth of its secondary definitions and individual qualities and properties. Eg. in the word "star" we, along with the essential and general meaning (celestial body), also have a number of secondary and individual ... (Metaphor; Metapher) - the definition and study of one by referring to the image of the other; used as a conscious literary or therapeutic device and has always been used by storytellers and writers to give a certain piquancy to the mysterious or "express the inexpressible". refers to a certain level (or order) of reality, located exactly in the middle between the sensory impressions of the body and developed cognition (or spirituality); can be understood as the location of archetypal imagery or as an interacting and intersubjective field of images that favors the relationship of two people, for example, an analyst and a patient. ONE WORLD (Unus Mundus - lat.) - a view of the world that differs significantly from causal explanation; the basis for attempts to recognize meaning. The attention here focuses mainly on the relations that exist between "things", and not on the "... Metaphor (Greek Μεταφορα, lat. Translatio, "transfer") - not in its own, but in a figurative sense, a used pictorial or figurative expression; represents, as it were, a concentrated comparison, and instead of the object being compared, the name of the object with which they want to compare is put directly, for example: roses of the cheeks - instead of pink (i.e., rose-like) cheeks or pink color of the cheeks. M. contributes to the grace, strength and brilliance of speech; even in everyday life, in common speech, expressions of passion almost never do without it. Especially for poets, M. is a necessary auxiliary tool. It gives speech a special, higher transparency, clothing even an abstract concept in living forms and making it accessible to contemplation. There are four types of M. In the first type, one specific (or chuv... METAPHOR (from the Greek metaphora - transfer), trope, transferring the properties of one object (phenomenon) to another according to the principle of similarity, i.e. on the basis of a feature common to both compared members; hidden comparison, assimilation ("talk of waves", "poison of desires"). Compare Metonymy>. Trope, the transfer of the properties of one object or phenomenon to another on the basis of a feature common to both compared members, for example: “talk of waves”, “bronze of muscles”, etc. metaphor
-s
,
well. lit. The use of a word or expression in a figurative sense, based on similarity, comparison, analogy, as well as the word or expression thus used. [Greek μεταφορά] Metaphor met\"aphora, -s Russian spelling dictionary. / The Russian Academy of Sciences. In-t rus. lang. them. V. V. Vinogradova. - M .: "Azbukovnik".
V. V. Lopatin (executive editor), B. Z. Bukchina, N. A. Eskova and others..
1999
.
(from Greek, metaphora - transfer, image) - the transfer of the properties of one object (phenomenon or aspect of being) to another according to the principle of their similarity in k.-l. relation or in contrast, for example: “talk of the waves”, “nose of the plane”, “lead clouds”, etc. Unlike the comparison, where both members of the comparison are present, M. is a hidden comparison in which the words “as ”, “as if”, “as if”, etc. are omitted, but implied. In M., various attributes - what an object is likened to, and the properties of the object itself - are not presented in their qualitative separation, as in comparison, but are immediately given in a new undivided unity. Possessing unlimited possibilities in bringing together or unexpectedly likening a wide variety of objects and phenomena, essentially comprehending an object in a new way, M. allows you to open, expose, and clarify its inner nature. In science, mathematics is a necessary means of scientific creativity. Almost every new scientific concept appears as a kind of M., becoming an exact concept only with the passage of time.
well. Turn of speech, which consists in the use of words and expressions in a figurative sense to define an object or phenomenon on the basis of analogy, comparison or similarity (in literary criticism).
metaphor
METAPHOR-s; well.[Greek metaphor - transfer] Lit. The use of a word or expression in a figurative sense, based on similarity, comparison, analogy; the word or expression thus used. bright m. Explain the metaphor.
Metaphor(from other Greek - “transfer”, “figurative meaning”) - a figure of speech (tropes) that uses the name of an object of one class to describe an object of another class, including, in order to briefly express the volumetric value of the described object. The term belongs to Aristotle and is associated with his understanding of art as an imitation of life. Aristotle's metaphor is in essence almost indistinguishable from hyperbole (exaggeration), from synecdoche (allegory), from simple comparison or personification and likening. In all cases, there is a transfer of meaning from one to another. The extended metaphor has spawned many genres.
M. I. Steblin-Kamensky. Isomorphism and "phonological metaphor" (norse.ulver.com/)
The transfer of phonological terms into descriptions of non-phonological phenomena has become so widespread in linguistics that, in essence, it has become one of the methods of this science. What linguist, if he was not completely alien to the trends of recent decades, did not use the terms "opposition", "neutralization", "marking", etc.? in describing non-phonological phenomena?
If we accept Hjelmslev's postulate, then any elements or phenomena of one plane of the language must be matched in another of its planes. If these correspondences are not found as a result of observation of reality, then they must be postulated.
I.A. Shmerlin. Biological metaphor in sociology (articles.excelion.ru)
Three "big" metaphors connect the space of biological and social discourse. These are metaphors for the organism, the struggle for existence and evolution. The sections "Struggle", "Evolution" and "Organism", "Economics" give a concrete idea of the existence of these metaphors in social, socio-political and economic discourses.
Ideas and ideologemes that find their destiny in the metaphorical interchange between different spheres of life are reproduced in a certain cultural and historical context. Figurative expressions and key words embodying these ideas acquire the supra-disciplinary status of spiritual universals of the era. This is probably how the key "biological" metaphors of sociological discourse should be viewed.
Elena Shugaley. What is a metaphor? The concept and functions of metaphor (library.by)
A metaphor is a transfer of a name, in which we are aware that the name is not used for its intended purpose.
The first, simpler and more superficial, function of metaphor is naming. However, simply transferring the name is not what we usually understand as a metaphor.
Greek metaphor - transfer. the most extensive form of the trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or representation to another, the transfer to it of significant features or characteristics of the latter ... Dictionary of cultural studies
