| 19.11.2017
Local historians call this building the estate of the Sysolins-Golofteevs, after the names of the merchants who owned the site in the 19th century. After 1917, the house became the property of the All-Russian Textile Combine. The architect Leo Serk adapted the old estate into an apartment building. The old buildings were united by the third floor, the arch at the entrance to the backyard was built up. The building now houses a bank.
According to Memorial's databases, at least five residents of this house were shot during the years of the Great Terror. Today we installed memorial plaques for two of them. Both applications were submitted by relatives of the repressed.
Sergey Arsenievich Morozov Born in 1877 in the family of a hereditary honorary citizen of Bogorodsk (now Noginsk), a manufacturer, chairman of the board of the Bogorodsko-Glukhovskaya Manufactory Arseny Ivanovich Morozov.
The Morozovs throughout the history of the development of the manufactory took care of the workers, of improving their working conditions and social and living conditions. Old-timers spoke of them as strict, but fair and caring hosts.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the involvement of well-known Russian architects, spacious Art Nouveau barracks with high ceilings and huge windows, tiled and decorated with stained-glass windows, wooden cottages, a maternity hospital with modern medical equipment, the Bogorodskaya Women's Gymnasium, a club with a large library, and shops were built. In the barracks where the workers lived, there were laundries and dryers. The Morozovs paid great attention to the education of factory youth, sports and recreation for workers. The Morozov Choir was known throughout Russia.
Sergey Morozov graduated from the 3rd Moscow Gymnasium, and later from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. Before the revolution, he was in charge of the technical part of the activities of the Bogorodsko-Glukhovskaya manufactory. Like his father, he was an honorary citizen of Bogorodsk, in 1912 he was elected an honorary member of the Bogorodsk Society for the Promotion of Secondary Education, and then headed the society.
At the request of Sergei Arsenievich, in 1908 a men's real school was built, in the construction of which he himself contributed the first 50 thousand rubles. On this occasion, "Bogorodskaya Speech" wrote: "In the history of the city of Bogorodsk, the name of Sergei Arsenievich Morozov will forever remain remarkable as a true friend of enlightenment."
The school opened its doors in 1912. Initially, only boys studied there, and for free. Schoolchildren were also given ink, rulers, sets of carpentry tools free of charge. In 1914, the school became an eight-year school, and girls were also admitted to it. This building still exists and still houses a school, one of the oldest and most beautiful schools in the Moscow region.
Since 1917, Sergei Arsenievich worked as a consultant on the nationalization of factories.
After the revolution, when the revival of the textile industry began in the 1920s, Sergei Arsenievich was recruited as a major specialist, regardless of his origin (according to some reports, he was invited to work by the first people's commissar for trade and industry, Viktor Nogin). He was elected to the board of the textile syndicate and took an active part in the restoration of the Russian textile industry. From 1918 to 1924, Morozov was in charge of the financial part of Glavtekstil.
In 1920, Sergei Arsenievich was arrested for the first time. He passed through the so-called. in the case of the Tactical Center and was sentenced conditionally to three years in prison for aiding and financing the activities of the center (the economist Nikolai Dmitrievich Kondratiev, to whom we installed a memorial plaque at Tverskaya, 6, was also involved in the same case). In 1921, all those convicted in this case were released under an amnesty.
In 1923, Sergei Arsenievich with his family - his wife Anna Ivanovna Gladilina (nee Poletaeva) and her son Alexander from his first marriage - received a small apartment in the house of employees of the textile syndicate on Bolshaya Ordynka. “It was a friendly touching couple. Anna Ivanovna showed the greatest concern for her husband. And the health of Sergei Arsenyevich required this. Nevertheless, he worked very hard, enjoying great prestige among technologists. He was a gentle, well-mannered intellectual who did not say a harsh word to anyone, ”he writes in his book“ Chronicle of Five Generations. The Khludovs, the Naydenovs, the Novikovs…” a distant relative of the Morozovs, Elena Borisovna Novikova.
From 1924 to 1930, Morozov headed the financial department of the All-Union Textile Association (WTO), was a member of the WTO board.
 Sergei Arsenievich Morozov. 1929
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In total, more than two thousand people were arrested in cases related to the Industrial Party case. In particular, an economist was convicted in the case of the so-called "Labour Peasant Party".
Morozov spent nine and a half months in Butyrka prison. On April 20, 1931, he was accused of “being one of the organizers of a counter-revolutionary organization, carrying out sabotage in the field of financing the textile industry, slowing down the withdrawal of excess funds from textiles for other needs of the national economy, having connections with Torgprom” (Russian Commercial and Industrial and the financial union, an emigrant organization, which included former representatives of the Russian big financial and industrial bourgeoisie, created to fight the Soviet regime. - ed.), gave instructions from the organization to members of the counter-revolutionary organization who went abroad to the white emigration, had connections with foreign English and Persian missions, through which he sent espionage data to white emigrants, distributed the money received for counter-revolutionary work.
Morozov was sentenced to death. But then the sentence was commuted to a concentration camp for 10 years.
The wife of Sergei Arsenievich, Anna Ivanovna, was deported on March 29, 1932 to Yuryev-Polskaya, where she ended up with her 17-year-old son Alexander.
Only one letter from Morozov's imprisonment has been preserved in the family archive. It was written to Alexander:
"Dear Sasha!The date and place of Sergei Arsenievich's death are not exactly known. According to a certificate issued by the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia in 1997, Sergei Arsenievich Morozov died on March 27, 1932 in Siblag. The cause of death was not specified. In a certificate from the FSB archive, issued in 2017, the date is the same, but the hospital at Butyrskaya prison is indicated as the place of death. On the only surviving letter of Sergei Arsenievich there is a later date - December 1932. Morozov's relatives are inclined to believe that he nevertheless died in Siblag, since it was from there that the only news from the prison was received. Where exactly Morozov is buried is unknown.
I send you greetings from the big city where I live. This is a young city, now being rebuilt. The streets are all straight and very good. It is winter all the time, but it is easily tolerated.
I wish you success in work and in life.
I remember and love you. Kiss hard.
Your uncle Seryozha.
December 12, 1932.
Sergey Arsenievich Morozov was rehabilitated in 2002.
“All his life before the revolution and after, Sergey Arsenievich Morozov devoted himself to serving people. He left a memory of himself as a philanthropist, a wonderful specialist, a talented leader, an intelligent caring person. His arrest, conviction and tragic death in custody were one of the many examples of the monstrous reprisals of the Stalinist regime against completely innocent people, ”concludes Elena Alexandrovna Gladilina, a relative of Morozov, who applied for the installation of a memorial plaque and sent us information about him, which is used in this text. .
Karl Yakovlevich Strautin (Karl Jakob Strautin) was born in 1894 in Riga to a Latvian family. His father Jakob Janis Strautin was from the peasantry, at the time of the birth of his son he worked in the company Express, his mother Anna was a housewife. Karl was the only surviving child of the Strautins: their daughter Alvina died at the age of three, even before the birth of Karl, and his older brother Valdemar died of typhus in 1907. In 1912, Karl graduated from the Riga city trade school, knew five foreign languages perfectly . For some time he worked as a clerk in Riga and Rostov-on-Don.
In 1915, when he was 21 years old, Karl was drafted into the tsarist army. He served in the 101st Infantry Reserve Battalion as a private. In the lists of those awarded in 1915 with the Badge of the Military Order (an award for lower ranks from 1807 to 1917 for military merit and for bravery ranked among the Order of St. George) there is also the name of Karl Strautin. Later he was transferred to the 7th scooter battalion, where he served until January 1918.
How Strautin ended up in Moscow, the family does not know. But it is known that after the revolution the military unit in which he served went over to the side of the Bolsheviks. In 1918 he became a member of the RCP(b). Then he joined the Red Army, was appointed assistant head of the border guard of the Lgovsky region, where he served until November 1918. Then he was appointed commissar of the 9th Ukrainian insurgent regiment. From December 1918 to April 1919, Strautin served as an inspector of the transport department of the Cheka (TO VChK). In April 1919, he was again mobilized into the Red Army and sent to the Turkestan Front, where he served as head of the technical part of the information department of the front. A year later, he returned to his former position in the Cheka and was promoted to assistant head of the VChK TO department. In 1921, Strautin was transferred to the Moscow transport department of the ILO OGPU as an operational commissar.
In December 1919, Karl Strautin married in Moscow a Latvian woman, Anna Jurisovna Druvaskaln, whom, in all likelihood, he had known in Riga. And in 1922 their daughter Asya was born. Then Strautin was demobilized.
In 1922-23, Karl Strautin worked as an inspector of the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection (NK RKI), then as an inspector of the All-Russian Textile Syndicate (WTO). In 1924 he was sent to Riga as a WTO representative at the USSR Trade Representation in Latvia.
“I think that grandfather, having returned to his homeland, was happy. By that time, daughter Asya had already been born, and in 1926 a son was born in Riga, who was called Georges or simply Zhora in the Russian manner, ”writes Alexander Pankratov, Strautin’s grandson, who applied for the installation of a memorial plaque. After the death of his mother, Strautin's daughter, he began to study the history of the family. He worked in the archives of Latvia (fortunately they are open) and compiled a detailed genealogy of the family.
Then Strautin briefly returned to Moscow, where from 1927 to 1929 he worked as the head of a sub-department of the Utilgostorg of the USSR, and traveled a lot around the country.
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In 1933-34, Karl Strautin was the senior inspector of Soyuzutil, then the director of the Covercustexport office. In 1934-36, he was again abroad - head of the Kustexport department at the USSR Trade Mission in Germany.
In early 1936, Strautin returned from a business trip to Moscow. “The time of political repressions has already come in the country, about which they were afraid to speak aloud. As a responsible worker, grandfather could not help but understand that repressions could also affect him. Fear settled in the family...”, writes Alexander Pankratov.
From February to June 1936, Strautin worked as deputy head of the food department of the Main Trade Department of the RSFSR. By the time of his arrest, he served as director of the wholesale cultural base of the manufactured goods office of the Glavtorg of the RSFSR.
On November 30, 1937, the NKVD directive (Order No. 49990) was issued against the Latvian diaspora in the USSR. Since that moment, the arrests of Latvians throughout the country have become massive. The repressions concerned, first of all, political emigrants and defectors from Latvia, activists of Latvian clubs and societies. The former “Latvian shooters” were exterminated almost in their entirety, almost entirely - the troupe of the Latvian theater “Skatuve”. In total, 21,300 people were convicted along the “Latvian line” during the years of the Great Terror, of which 16,575 were sentenced to death. Only on February 3, 1938, 229 Latvians were killed at the Kommunarka training ground in Butovo.
Karl Yakovlevich Srautin was arrested on December 6, 1937 "on suspicion of counter-revolutionary espionage activities." The arrest and search was carried out by Gusev, an employee of the operational department of the UGB of the USSR NKVD Directorate for the Moscow Region. During interrogation on February 15, 1938, Strautin "confessed" to being "a member of a terrorist group of Latvians." It is well known how such "confessions" were forced out of the arrested. According to the indictment, after a business trip, “upon arrival in the USSR, Strautin was recruited into a militant counter-revolutionary terrorist organization of Latvians,<…>took an active part in the preparation of terrorist acts against the leaders of the party and the Soviet government, as well as against the German ambassador in order to provoke a war between Germany and the Soviet Union. For a terrorist purpose, he had a firearm - a revolver of the Parabellum system.
On March 23, 1938, Strautin was sentenced to death on charges of "belonging to a militant terrorist nationalist organization of Latvians." The sentence was carried out on April 14, 1938. On that day, 36 people were shot, of which 14 were Latvians.
“After the arrest of my grandfather (neither my grandmother, nor my mother, nor Zhora knew that my grandfather had been shot), the life of the family changed dramatically,” writes Alexander Pankratov. - The grandmother, who did not work, although she had a diploma as an elementary school teacher, received back in the Libava Nikolaev gymnasium before the revolution, in order to feed two children - my mother, 15 years old and Zhora, 11 years old, was forced to get a job as a cleaning lady in a pharmacy, which was in front of the house. When the mass evacuation of Muscovites began in October 1941, my grandmother said: “We have nothing to lose, nowhere to go. If Stalin decides to surrender Moscow, we will retreat in the carts of the Red Army.”
Despite the arrest of her father, mother continued to study at the 556th school of the Moskvoretsky district of Moscow, which she graduated in 1940. They lived very poorly, as, indeed, the bulk of Muscovites. Grandmother slowly sold off things brought from abroad that had not been seized during her husband's arrest. Mom wanted to apply to study at Moscow State University at the Faculty of Law, but the documents were not accepted, since she was considered "the daughter of an enemy of the people." In order to somehow help her mother, in 1940 she got a job at the Library. Lenin as a library technician, then as a librarian.
My grandmother, Anna Georgievna Strautina, wife of Karl Yakovlevich Strautin, died at the age of 57 from cancer in the same house, on Bolshaya Ordynka ... "
In the death certificate of Karl Strautin, issued to the family in 1956, the date of death is March 3, 1945, and the cause is lobar pneumonia. A year later, in 1957, Strautin's daughter achieved his rehabilitation and was herself recognized as a victim of political repression. But only in 1989, relatives were able to obtain a death certificate with the true date - April 14, 1938 - and the true reason - execution.
In the certificate of the KGB of the USSR, received by the grandson in 1989, it was specifically noted that “the case materials against Karl Yakovlevich Strautin were falsified, the investigation was conducted with gross violations of the norms of socialist legality. All employees of the NKVD of the USSR, involved in the fabrication of the materials of the case, suffered severe punishments.
“My grandfather had a short but eventful life. Unfortunately, he lived in one of the most difficult periods in the history of both Latvia and the USSR. Both my mother during her lifetime, and my brother Valery, and I did not fully come to terms with this huge injustice - the execution of an innocent person who honestly performed his duty, ”writes Alexander Pankratov.
The estate occupies the entire space between the two Ordynka and therefore has addresses on two streets at once. In the 17th century, archers lived in this place, whose families occupied small plots with wooden buildings. The Streltsy army was abolished by Peter I in the first years of the 18th century, and other people occupied the Streltsy sections. Small plots were united into large estates, and this is how this large estate appeared. In the center of the property in the middle - the second half of the XVIII century, a stone main house of the estate was built. It was two-storied, with the main facade overlooking Bolshaya Ordynka. This was the front yard. The household yard of the estate occupied its northern part from the side of Malaya Ordynka. In the southern third of the property there was a garden planted in the middle of the 18th century.
From the very beginning of the 19th century until the 1830s, the owner of the estate was the merchant Andrey Grigoryevich Sysalin. Under him, along the Bolshaya Ordynka there was an elegant fence in the classical style with gates formed by wide pylons. The pylons ended with cornices with a large extension; each pylon had a gate for access to the estate. In the second half of the 19th century, the gates were rebuilt, and the old pylons were covered with a thick layer of plaster and decorated in the spirit of the then fashionable architecture of historicism. In our time, these same pylons have lost all the decorations of the XIX century. Under the plaster, old classical details are preserved; instead of gates, niches for the janitor's inventory, closed by doors, are made on the inside of the pylons. The valuable cast-iron grating of the fence of the second half of the 19th century along Bolshaya Ordynka is very beautiful. It is covered with a thick layer of paint, broken in places, repaired in places with random materials, but still serves as a street decoration and is waiting for restoration.
In the 1850s, an extension was made to the main house of the estate from the side of Malaya Ordynka. In the same years, a two-story northern wing was built with a facade towards Bolshaya Ordynka. In this form, in the 1860s, the property was bought by the merchants Golofteevs. In 1883 they built a passage between the main house and the northern wing with a passage arch leading to the rear, utility yard.
The buildings of the manor received their modern look already in the 20th century. In the early 1920s, the entire property was rented by the All-Russian Textile Syndicate. In 1923, the syndicate decided to reconstruct the estate and place housing for its employees in it. For this, civil engineer L.A. Serk was invited. His project was carried out in the mid-1920s. All the old buildings were united by the third floor; an archway leading to the back yard was built up. The facades of the building complex received a new treatment. Their main feature was rusticated pilasters. L. A. Serk did not apply the fashionable forms of modern architecture. The facades he created are based on classical architecture with very strong authorial features. Such architecture in the 1920s became widespread in provincial towns and is almost unknown in Moscow.
The house on Bolshaya Ordynka street, 31/12 (Malaya Ordynka) is located in the central and most ancient part of the historical Zamoskvorechye.
The inhabitants of these places have been known since the 17th century: at that time archers lived here - the first permanent foot army in Russia. Each archer with his family occupied a small plot of land, on which he erected wooden buildings for housing and management.
The liquidation of the archers was started by Peter I in 1699 after the Streltsy rebellion, so from the beginning of the 18th century, small plots began to be combined into larger properties, on one of which the current mansion appeared.
In the eighteenth century, the main two-story house, built of stone, stood in the center of the property. Its façade and front yard overlooked Bolshaya Ordynka. Outbuildings were located on the side of the neighboring Malaya Ordynka. In the southern part, in the middle of the same century, a garden was planted, which existed on this site for many years.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the property was acquired by the merchant Andrey Grigoryevich Sysalin, who significantly altered the estate.
At the same time, a classical fence with gates appeared on the side of Bolshaya Ordynka, 31, which were located between wide pylons - massive low pillars that stood on the sides (a common feature of classicism at that time).
Later, the gate was rebuilt, made of cast-iron grating. They still decorate the street, despite the fact that they have not been restored in all places and require careful restoration.
Around the same time, the pylons were also remade, under the then fashionable architecture of historicism, which combined the previously dominant architectural styles. Nowadays, the pylons are already without decorations, the details of classicism can only be guessed under a layer of plaster.
In the middle of the 19th century, an extension was made from the side of Malaya Ordynka Street to the central house of the estate. At the same time, a two-storey northern wing was erected, facing the Bolshaya Ordynka.
Soon after these reorganizations, the Golofteevs acquired the property. They were engaged in the processing and dressing of leather. The family owned a decent fortune for those times: three tanneries, wooden outbuildings, workshops and warehouses. It was under them that a transition appeared from the central house of the estate to the northern wing, under which an arch was built, through which one could get to the utility yard.
After the October Revolution, the former city estate of the Sysalin-Golofteevs passed into the possession of the All-Russian Textile Syndicate. The buildings were reconstructed to accommodate the syndicate employees. For these works, one of the largest specialists of that time, Leo Akselevich Serk, was involved (he began to actively engage in housing design after the revolution, before that, he had mainly erected industrial buildings).
The old buildings were united by the third floor, the arch at the entrance to the backyard was built up.
The rusticated pilasters became the main distinguishing feature of the house. Facades Serk made on the basis of classical architecture with pronounced author's delights. Such architecture immediately after the October Revolution was very common in provincial cities, but in Moscow it was almost never used.
