Many believe that foreign national and natural parks are analogues of our domestic reserves. In fact, these are different types of protected areas, which differ from each other in the level of ecosystem protection and visiting regime. So, we offer to see how different types of territories with a nature protection regime that exist in Russia and other countries differ.

natural monument

A natural monument is understood as a natural complex valuable from any point of view, as well as a separate object of natural or artificial origin. A lake, a waterfall, a cave, a spring, some unique tree or a whole relic grove, as well as objects of high paleontological value, can act as a natural monument. At the same time, a different nature protection regime can operate on the territory of a natural monument - a reserve or a reserve, which happens less frequently.

Natural monument Lake Seliger

Reserve

Reserves are created in order to protect some specific species of animals or plants, or to preserve the entire landscape complex. In these territories, economic activities are allowed that do not damage protected species. Scientific research is carried out here, and people sometimes interfere in the life of the inhabitants of the reserve, feeding ungulates in winter or regulating the number of some species of animals.

national park

Human economic activity in the national park is also limited, but allowed. In addition, the territory of the national park is visited by tourists, for whom special routes have been developed and viewing platforms have been equipped. National parks often combine conservation activities with educational activities.

Nature Park

The environmental regime in natural parks is not as strict as in national parks, and the main purpose of their creation is the organization of recreation. Of course, the environmental component is also present, but natural parks are known primarily as popular places for outdoor activities and are often visited by tourists.

Nature Park "Ergaki"

nature reserve

Reserves include territories where any economic activity is completely prohibited. This includes not only hunting or logging, but also fishing, picking berries, mushrooms and other wild plants. Only scientific activities are allowed in the reserves and in rare cases ecotourism is possible.

biosphere reserve

Reserves included in the international network of especially valuable natural areas, organized within the framework of the UNESCO program, have the status of biosphere reserves. Control over their condition and scientific activity is carried out within the framework of international programs. At the same time, both a natural reserve and a national park can serve as the basis for organizing a biosphere reserve. In total, there are more than 650 biosphere reserves in the world, and in Russia there are 37 of these protected areas with international status.

There is no place left on earth where man has not been. People live almost everywhere, which of course affects the world around us. Animals change their habitat, some disappear altogether, plants become less and less. And we would never have known what the fauna was like in this or that region before, if we hadn't started to close them. For those who do not understand what we are talking about, we will tell you why reserves are needed, why they are so protected and how they differ.

Protected areas: history

People have been solving problems related to the conservation of nature for a long time. The first law on this subject was passed in the 3rd century BC. Then King Devanampiyatiss organized the first reserve.

In the Middle Ages, the European nobility guarded their hunting estates. Barons and counts allocated areas where hunting was prohibited.

During the reign of Romanov Alexei Mikhailovich, a whole network of special forest zones appeared near Moscow. They were forbidden to hunt and perform any activity to anyone except the king.

The first piece of land protected by the state in Russia appeared in northeastern Transbaikalia on the banks of the Barguzin River.

Thus, gradually the reserve (reserve) received an official status - territory forever withdrawn from economic use to preserve samples of typical or rare natural sites. Hunting, fishing and the presence of unauthorized persons (tourists) are prohibited here, except for excursions at specially allotted times by an organized group under the supervision of employees.

What is the difference between a reserve and a sanctuary?

The reserve is also a specially protected area, but not the entire natural complex, but only objects, falls under its wing. For example, only plants or animals found here.

In addition, not all activities are prohibited in the reserve, only those that affect the lives of specific wards. For example, you can fish in local lakes, but you can’t hunt rare animals living on land.

There are more National parks. This is the most loyal type of protected areas in relation to visitors. The same laws apply here, but tourists are allowed to visit the park area and various kinds of farming are allowed on a controlled scale.

For example, in the national park you can walk with a stroller, ride a bike, but burning fires and hunting is prohibited.

Why are nature reserves and national parks important?

Considering all of the above, it is easy to understand that if we did not create reserves, we would have lost a good part of many representatives of flora and fauna long ago, since we ourselves maliciously violate the natural order of their life.

The importance of these unique parks cannot be overestimated:

1. They help save species diversity;
2. The security mode ensures the purity of water and fresh air;
3. Local nature serves as genetic material for future generations;
4. Without them, the development of science is impossible;
5. These are the only places where people can get close to pristine nature;

Those who allow themselves to violate the laws of protected areas: conduct unauthorized hunting, fishing, deforestation - commit a crime not only against nature, but first of all, against all people living now and future generations, their children.

What nature reserves are there in Russia?

According to the Ministry of Natural Resources for 2014, there are 104 ecological zones in our country. It is impossible to tell about everything, we will list a few:

• Azas- a reserve located in a huge depression between the mountains (Todzha basin) in the north-east of Tuva. This is a unique water complex that feeds the sources of the mighty river - the Yenisei. It consists of two large rivers and over 130 lakes;
• Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky was opened in the Astrakhan region near Lake Baskunchak, one of the earliest in our country. The need for it arose to preserve the whole complex: a unique lake, a forest oasis and a mountain, which is the highest point in the area. As well as rare representatives of the flora - Schrenk's tulips, Taliyev's cornflowers;
• Putoranskaya is located on the Putorana Plateau, south of the Taimyr Peninsula. Rare species of animals (wild reindeer, bighorn sheep) live here, untouched rivers and lakes are seen, an ideal combination of subarctic and arctic systems is observed.

This is only a small part of the unique territories of Russia. You can read about the rest separately:

• Baikal-Lena Reserve;
• Bashkir;
• Big Arctic;
• Vishersky;
• Zhigulevsky;
• Ilmensky;

And many others. After the annexation of the Crimean peninsula, 6 more were added, now there are only 109 of them, excluding national parks and reserves.

Can I get on a tour?

Yes, you can get to almost any reserve with a guided tour. Most often, special ecological trails are organized on the territory, along which tourists are led. On my own it is forbidden to cross the boundaries of the protected object. Information can always be found on websites.

There are general rules of conduct in such places and you must follow them, because you go to visit wild animals, visit virgin places:

1. It is impossible to break and pluck plants;
2. It is forbidden to collect mushrooms, berries, nuts and other edible fruits;
3. You can not catch insects and other small inhabitants;
4. All rubbish must be taken away with you;
5. Turning off the path is prohibited;
6. When observing wild animals, do not linger for a long time and do not feed them.

In general, try to make your stay as inconspicuous as possible. You can’t even imagine what kind of discord you can bring with your close attention to the lives of local residents.

For example, looking at the eggs of a bird, you run the risk of leaving the kids without parents, they will easily leave the masonry when they feel the presence of a person.

What is a biosphere reserve?

A biosphere reserve has the same privileges as a regular biosphere reserve with only a slight difference. It is created on the basis of an already existing reserve or national park with the addition of other territories and objects to their composition.

Here they are divided into 3 zones aimed at performing three additional functions:

• reserved- Preservation and restoration of the gene pool of flora and fauna;
• Buffer- surrounding protected area, in order to prevent negative impact on the latter;
• Transitional- uniting land with the population and all types of use (land use, water use, etc.).

All biosphere reserves are organized under the auspices of UNESCO.

Their peculiarity is that specialists from all over the world can conduct their research and observations in them.

There are 37 biospheric closed zones organized in Russia:

• Altaic;
• Baikal;
• Volga-Kama;
• Lapland;
• Oksky;
• Prioksko-Terassny;
• Sikhote-Alinsky

And others, including national parks. In total, according to UNESCO, there are 699 specially protected sites in the world.

So, we tried to do everything so that you understand what an important work people do when creating nature reserves. We hope that now you will not have a question about what reserves are for and what role they play in society. This is the future of our planet, which may not be if we do not follow its rules.

Video about the role of reserves in nature conservation

In this video, ecologist Artur Moiseev will tell you why the world needs nature reserves, what and how they help to preserve:

A national park is a special natural area where human activities are limited (or prohibited) in order to protect the environment. But tourists and nature lovers are allowed to visit this territory. In the reserves, not only any economic activity is prohibited, but also the penetration of people into its territory. It is interesting that such a phenomenon as a reserve is typical only for our country, there are almost none in the world.

Reserve - definition

A specially protected area or water area where, in order to preserve natural resources, economic activity and the presence of people are completely prohibited in order to preserve natural complexes, protect flora and fauna. According to the Federal Law on Specially Protected Natural Territories, land and water plots are transferred to nature reserves for permanent, perpetual use.

Tasks of the reserve

implementation of the protection of natural areas in order to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural complexes and objects in their natural state; organization and conduct of scientific research; implementation of environmental monitoring; environmental education; participation in the state environmental review of projects and schemes for the placement of economic and other facilities; assistance in the training of scientific personnel and specialists in the field of environmental protection.

National Park - Definition

• National parks are nature protection, environmental education and research institutions, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of special ecological, historical and aesthetic value, and are intended for use in environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes and for regulated tourism.
• National parks are exclusively federal property. Buildings, structures, historical, cultural and other real estate objects are assigned to national parks on the basis of the right of operational management.
• A protected zone with a limited nature management regime is being created around the national park.

The main tasks of national parks

preservation of natural complexes, unique and standard natural sites and objects; preservation of historical and cultural objects; creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation; development and implementation of scientific methods of nature protection and environmental education; restoration of disturbed natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects.

Reserves and national parks are objects of federal significance. Funds from the federal budget are allocated for their maintenance.

natural parks

Natural parks are very close to national parks in terms of their status and tasks. The main difference is the objects of the subjects of the federation, that is, they are under the jurisdiction of the republics, territories and regions and financed from local budgets. For example, Taganay is a national park in the Urals. And "Deer Streams" and "Chusovaya River" are natural parks. I strongly advise you to visit all three - you will not regret it.

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Similar content

There are many nature reserves and national parks in Russia. What are the specifics of the respective territories?

What is a reserve?

Reserve- a natural area, the visit of which by a person without the permission of the competent organizations is prohibited due to the need to ensure the protection of environmental objects located in this region. This measure is most often due to the fact that rare species of animals live in the relevant territory or rare plants grow.

The purpose of the establishment of the reserve, therefore, is to maintain biological diversity and the natural development of natural complexes, lands, water bodies. At the same time, necessary scientific research, monitoring of the state of the environment, environmental expertise, and training of specialists in environmental protection may be allowed on the territories of the corresponding protected zones.

Reserves established in Russia are protected by federal law and have the official status of specially protected areas. In accordance with the rules of law governing the status of nature reserves, land and water resources are assigned to such territories indefinitely.

In order to visit the reserve, in most cases, you need to obtain a special permit from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation or directly from the leaders of the reserve.

The nature protection zones in question are maintained at the expense of the budget of the Russian Federation.

What is a national park?

national park is a territory in which, in order to protect the environment, human activities related to the use of natural objects are prohibited or significantly limited. However, visits to national parks for tourism and walking purposes are generally permitted. Scientific research and training of specialists in environmental protection can also be carried out on the territory of national parks.

National parks, as a rule, are established in order to protect objects of ecological, historical and cultural value. These can be unique natural landscapes, climatic zones, areas with the cleanest air and water. But since hunting and fruit picking in national parks are usually prohibited or allowed with restrictions, favorable conditions are also created for the development of plants and animals whose habitat coincides with the territory of the park.

Real estate objects located on the territory of national parks are assigned to them and acquire the status of resources that are in operational management. As a rule, a protected natural zone is formed around the territory of national parks, and control over visiting the area is established.

National parks of the Russian Federation, like nature reserves, are maintained at the expense of the state budget.

Comparison

The main difference between a reserve and a national park is that human visits to the territory of the first natural zone are generally prohibited or severely limited. If we talk about the national park, visits of tourists and travelers to the respective territories, as a rule, are carried out freely. But conducting economic activity within the limits of both considered natural zones is unacceptable.

Basically, the establishment of the reserve is carried out in order to protect rare species of animals and plants, the habitat of which corresponds to its territory. The national park is usually organized in order to protect especially valuable ecological, historical and cultural sites of the state. But on its territory, conditions are also created for the favorable development of flora and fauna, since hunting and fruit picking, considered as types of economic activity, are also, as a rule, prohibited or allowed by internal regulations in limited areas of the national park.

Having determined the difference between a reserve and a national park, we will reflect the conclusions in the table.

Table

Reserve	national park
What do they have in common?
In the territories of the respective natural zones, most types of human economic activity are prohibited.
The status of both types of natural zones is defined in federal legislation
The development of both types of natural zones is carried out at the expense of the state budget
What is the difference between them?
Generally closed to the public (requires permission from officials)	As a rule, it is open for visiting by people, subject to the ban on hunting and collecting fruits (unless otherwise established by the rules of the park)
As a rule, it is established in order to protect rare species of animals and plants.	As a rule, it is established in order to protect the ecological, historical and cultural sites of the state

In order to preserve rare species of plants and animals, the creation of specially protected areas: national parks is being organized. They are objects of federal significance. In order to maintain order in these territories, funds are allocated from the federal budget.

What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park? Several aspects can be distinguished. First of all, it is necessary to understand what these territories are. What is the difference between the reserve and the national park in different countries, you can understand if you get acquainted with the purpose of their creation.

national park

For the purpose of human activity, special natural areas have been created. In national parks, there is a restriction or a ban on any economic processes. At the same time, human visits to natural objects are allowed. Both tourists and ordinary nature lovers can appear in these territories.

National parks are protected educational and research institutions, which are characterized by a special ecological, historical and aesthetic value. The purpose of these objects is for environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes, as well as for the regulation of tourism.

Each national park is surrounded by a zone on which the regime of limited nature use operates. All this land is subdivided into territories in which various protection regimes operate, for example, protected, recreational, economic and regulated use zones.

Tasks

The main goal pursued by the creators of national parks is the need to preserve natural objects, territories of cultural and historical significance, and organize regulated recreation areas. The main task is to restore previously disturbed natural, historical and cultural complexes, as well as to introduce special scientific methods of environmental protection. What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park? In the latter, tourism and recreation are not prohibited.

Reserve

In order to preserve natural resources, specially protected territories and water areas have been created. What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park and sanctuary? First of all, the fact that it is a territory where absolutely everyone is protected. These include soil, water bodies, flora and fauna.

In order to visit the reserve, a special permit is required. Within this zone, any economic activity is prohibited, there are no industrial enterprises. Here, too, they do not plow the land and do not mow the grass, it is impossible to organize hunting, fishing, picking mushrooms and berries on the territory.

The federal law, which prescribes the status, transfers land and water territories to the perpetual use of nature reserves.

The main task

The primary goals of the reserves include maintaining the diversity of biocomplexes. In these territories, various scientific research is organized and environmental monitoring is carried out. Also, the main tasks of the activities of the reserves include the processes of environmental education and assistance in the training of specialists in the field of environmental protection. This is a nationwide program that includes more than a hundred protected areas in Russia. The laws of our country grant them the status of specially protected natural areas. What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park? In the first case, it is completely limited. There is no such prohibition in national parks, but there are also restrictions.

Reserve

There are territories in which certain species of flora and fauna are protected. These institutions are called sanctuaries, which anyone can visit. There is a permit for partial economic activity. Setting up tents, parking for rest, driving a car or a motorcycle are prohibited here. It is forbidden to make fires, walk dogs, and hunt some animals in the reserves.

What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park and sanctuary? Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that protected areas fall under the most stringent control and protection. Unlike them, free visits to national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are only welcomed by tourists.

Country of unique natural complexes

Tanzania is a very interesting and distinctive country in an ecological sense. Twelve national parks, thirteen reserves, and thirty-eight protected areas have made this country the best place for tourism lovers.

What is the difference between a reserve and a national park in Tanzania? As in other countries, these are vast territories inhabited by an incredible number of animals and birds. Untouched natural complexes are under state protection. Poaching activity is strictly punished by law, and visitors who hunt rare species of animals are expelled from the country. There are reserves in Tanzania and national parks, a large number of rangers and veterinarians work here. They recalculate the number of livestock, and also track the annual migration of animals.

What is the difference between a nature reserve and a national park?

First of all, it should be noted that each project was created with the aim of preserving natural areas from the aggressive impact of human economic activity. The differences are only in the measures to limit such interference. Reserves are under the strictest control; they are completely or partially isolated from economic use. A visit to these complexes takes place in agreement with the curators of the zone.

In national parks, any economic activity is almost completely excluded, but visiting tourists is not limited. Zakazniks, unlike reserves, are the territory of natural complexes, where not the entire object, but its individual components, falls under protection. These can be representatives of flora and fauna, as well as historical, memorial or geological values.

Natural objects in our country

What is the difference between a reserve and a national park in Russia? All these territories are traditional and efficient forms. The main difference between the projects is that land and water areas are in constant use of nature reserves. It is curious that this phenomenon is typical only for our country.

Thus, in this article we have examined how a reserve differs from a national park or a wildlife sanctuary. Regardless of the name and purpose of objects, it should be remembered that their appearance is associated with the threat of extinction of certain biocomplexes. It is necessary to take care of nature not only in the territories of nature reserves and national parks, but also beyond them.