Id i*om (d*m), n. – Dinfr. idiom. Trimis de gall, 09/13/2007. Sursa: DEX 98 IDIÓM s. v. dialect, grai, limbă. Trimis de siveco, 09/13/2007. Sursa … Dicționar Roman
Idioms- Sn Spracheigentümlichkeit, Phrase per. Wortschatzfach. (16. Jh.) Entlehnung. Uber ml. idiōma entlehnt aus gr. idíōma Eigentümlichkeit, besonders sprachliche Eigentümlichkeit (Sprachausprägung oder Phrase); dieses zu gr. idios eigen, selbst. In… Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
idiom- idìōm m G idióma DEFINICIJA 1. lingv. a. svaki od entiteta jezika koji se ne želi označiti ni kao jezik, ni kao dijalekt, ni kao govor b. poseban i prepoznatljiv govor nekog kraja or pojedinog govornika c. riječ or izraz svojstven nekom … Hrvatski jezični portal
idiom- n. [ Fr & LL: Fr idiome LL idioma Gr idiōma, peculiarity, idiom idios: see IDIO ] 1. the language or dialect of a people, region, class, etc. 2. the usual way in which the words of a particular language are joined… … English World dictionary
idiom- in the context of language has two principal meanings: (1) the manner of expression that characterizes a language, and (2) a group of words that has a meaning not deducible from the individual words. The first can therefore be seen as the sum… … Modern English usage
idiom- ((/stl 13))((stl 8))rz. mnż, D. u, Mc. idiommie ((/stl 8))((stl 20)) ((/stl 20))((stl 12))1. ((/stl 12))((stl 7)) Langenscheidt Polski wyjaśnień
Idioms- (v. gr.), 1) Eigenthümlichkeit, bes. einer Sprache; 2) best immte Art des Ausdruckes; wozu auch die besondere Aussprache u. Ton, die Wörter u. ihre Bedeutung, die Wortfügung u. die ganze Verbindung der Rede gehören, z.B. I. der gebildeten Stände;… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Idiōm- (griech.), "Eigentümlichkeit", besonders einer Sprache oder einer Mundart, daher überhaupt soviel wie Sprache oder Mundart ... Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon
Idioms- Idiōm (grch., d.i. Eigentümlichkeit), eigentümliche Sprechweise, Mundart, Dialekt; Idiomăta, die Wesenseigentümlichkeiten der beiden Naturen Christi; idiomātisch, das I. betreffend, dazu gehörig … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Idioms- Idiom, Eigenthümlichkeit, charakteristische Besonderheit in der Aussprache: Mundart. B–l … Damen Conversations Lexikon
Books
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There are idioms in the languages of the world. For the Russian language, the word "phraseologism" is more familiar.
An idiom is a combination of several words that conveys one common meaning. These words lose their meaning separately.
You can't understand the meaning if you don't know the meaning of the idiom. In addition, phraseological units give color to our statements. Therefore, they need to be memorized and used in speech.
This article will be presented with translation. And their equivalents in Russian. So.
English idioms. Weather
In Great Britain they don't talk about politics, religion, family. Especially with strangers. The only suitable topic for conversation is the weather. Therefore, many English idioms are on this topic.
Rain cats and dogs - it's raining. In Russian - it pours like a bucket.
This English idiom appeared in the 18th century. It was introduced by the British writer J. Swift. In those days, there was a weak protection of sewer pipes. They broke through even from the showers. All the contents poured out, including the corpses of domestic animals: cats and dogs.
Steal one "s thunder - steal someone's idea.
This English idiom came from theaters in the 18th century. At that time there was no sound equipment, and to create the sound of thunder, lead balls were shaken in a bowl. The playwright J. Dennis used metal in his play. The play was rejected, but the idea of metal balls was stolen from Dennis.
Then he shouted a phrase that grew into an English idiom: "They" ve stolen my thunder! "- They stole my thunder.
Break the ice - break the ice. The Russian version is to melt the ice (about relationships); get close.
In the 19th century, the first icebreakers appeared. To get to their destination, they had to cope with a thick crust of ice. This is where the English idiom comes from. "Break the ice" - that is, make an effort to build relationships.
Get wind of smth - learn something ahead of time. In Russian, you can put it like this: "sniff out", find out, reconnoiter.
This phrase is a comparison with how animals receive information using their sense of smell. Our smaller brothers "sniff out" their relatives and enemies.
Take a rain check. Verbatim : receive a rain pass. In Russian, this phraseological unit means "postpone until better times"
The expression came from America in the 19th century. If a baseball game was canceled because of the rain, the fans were given "rainchecks" with which they could come to any event they wanted.
Calm before the storm - it's quiet before the storm. In Russian, the expression "calm before the storm" has settled.
Sometimes, for no reason at all, some problem will fall on your head. The person doesn't even know about it.
The meaning of the idiom is completely similar to what happens in the sea. Usually there is a calm before a strong storm.
Food
Couch potatoes. "Couch" is "sofa", "potato" is "potato". Such is the "sofa potato man", that is, a lazy person and a couch potato.
Egghead - smart ass. We call them botanists, and in the USA - eggheads.
Chew the fat - slander, Literally: chew fat.
Animals
When pigs fly - when pigs fly. Russians say this: That is, not soon.
Eager beaver. Literally - a tense beaver. In Russian - "hard worker", a business person.
Black sheep - literally, a black sheep, but in meaning - a white crow. Denotes a person who is not like the others.
Be as busy as a bee - be as busy as a bee. In Russian, work with your sleeves rolled up.
Money
A piece of a pie - "a piece of the pie", that is, a share.
Be flushed with money - scatter money.
Make ends meet - live from bread to kvass, need.
Bring home the bacon - provide, bring home a penny.
How often did you come across expressions in English that simply did not make sense when translated into Russian? For example, when you hear the phrase "horse around", the first thing you think of is a horse. In fact, it was about fooling around.
And there are many such examples. Such expressions are called idioms, and the English use them quite often. By memorizing the most common of them, you can make your speech brighter and livelier.
So, let's look at some idioms that are most often found in English speech. Let's break them down by topic.
Weather
"When two English people meet, they first talk about the weather." This saying of Samuel Johnson, expressed several centuries ago, is relevant to this day. It is not surprising that a large part of the idioms is related to the topic of weather.
- rain cats and dogs- pour like a bucket
- face like thunder- darker than clouds
- storm in a teacup- a storm in a teacup, much ado about nothing
- chase rainbows- chase the unattainable
- lightning fast- lightning fast
- have one's head in the clouds- soar in the clouds
- be snowed under- be overworked
- be under the weather- to be unwell
- twist in the wind- languish
- under a cloud- under suspicion
- as right as rain- All right
- for a rainy day- for a rainy day
- bolt from the blue- like snow on the head
- throw caution to the winds- stop worrying
- weather the storm- survive hard times
- sail close to the wind- walk along the edge of the abyss
- on cloud nine- on the seventh heaven
- shoot the breeze- talk about nonsense
- in a fog- confused
- go down a storm- succeed
Money
An equally popular topic of interest is, of course, money. We offer you to get acquainted with the most common "money" idioms.
- a piece of the pie- share
- grave train- Easy Money
- bring home the bacon- to provide for the family, to succeed
- make ends meet- make ends meet
- hit the jackpot- break the jackpot
- be in the red- to be in debt
- make a bundle- make a lot of money
- bet your bottom dollar- guarantee something
- look like a million dollars- look your best
- cost a pretty penny- cost a lot of money
- go Dutch- pay your share
- nest eggs- stash
- golden handshake- big severance pay
- cheapskate- miser
- be flush with money- bathe in luxury
- at all costs- at any price
- live beyond one's means- living beyond one's means
- break the bank- spend a lot
- cost a fortune- cost a fortune
- on the breadline- below the poverty line
Time
"Time is money". This famous saying can often be heard among the English. It confirms their extremely careful attitude to time. No wonder many idioms are dedicated to him.
- once in a blue moon- rarely
- behind the times- obsolete
- time flies- time flies
- the big time- big success
- around the clock- around the clock
- dwell on the past- live in the past
- have the time of one's life- have a great time
- crack of dawn- with sunrise
- run out of time- dry up
- in the blink of an eye- in an instant
- like clockwork- without interruption
- for donkey's years- from time immemorial
- pressed for time- be in a hurry
- give someone a hard time- scold
- be ahead of time- get ahead
- to have a whale of a time- have a great time
- go with the times- to keep up with the times
- on the spur of the moment- with a swoop
- broad daylight- in broad daylight
- catch unawares- be taken by surprise
Animals
There is hardly a people more loving pets than the British. Therefore, animals take pride of place not only in the homes of the British, but also in speech.
- monkey business- meaningless work
- smell a rat- smell bad
- top dog- winner
- cash cow- source of funds, cash cow
- eager beaver- hard worker, business sausage
- black sheep- White crow
- elephant in the room- I didn’t notice the elephant, it’s obvious
- when pigs fly- when the cancer hangs down
- like a cat on a hot tin roof- be out of your element
- in the dog house- out of favor
- be as busy as a bee- work like a bee
- let a cat out of the bag- let the cat out of the bag
- horse around- to be fooling around
- as poor as a church mouse- poor as a church mouse, penniless
- lion's share of something- the lion's share
- eat like a horse- have a voracious appetite
- have a tiger by the tail- defy fate
- hear it straight from the horse's mouth- from the source
- butterflies in the stomach- neither alive nor dead
- like water off a duck's back- like water off a duck's back
| Original | Translation |
| - Mark, who do you think we should give some bonus for the previous month? - I don't know. Who are the main candidates? - So, there are Lucy, Michael and Judy. - I think that Lucy works a lot, but she is a black sheep of the team. Yes, I agree with you. What do you think about Michael? - It seems to me that he is an eager beaver. - But he is in the dog house, isn't he? - Yes, our boss doesn't like him. And what about Judy? - I like her. She is always as busy as a bee. - You "re right. She deserves our company" s bonus. |
- Mark, who do you think we should give the bonus for the last month? - I don't know. Who are the main contenders? - So, this is Lucy, Michael and Judy. - I think Lucy works a lot, but she White crow in a team. - Yes, I agree with you. What do you think of Michael? - I think he hard worker. - But he out of favor, is not it? - Yes, our boss doesn't like him. And what about Judy? - I like her. She always working like a bee. - You are right. She deserves company bonuses. |
Food
Despite the fact that English cuisine does not shine with variety, the number of idioms dedicated to food is considerable. We present you the most common "delicious" idioms.
- egghead- smart ass
- big cheese- influential person
- potato couch- loafer
- tough cookie- hooligan
- top banana- leader
- bad apple- scoundrel
- eat one's words- take back your words
- the apple of one's eye- apple of an eye
- hard nut to crack- hard task, tough nut to crack
- in a nutshell- briefly
- have egg on one's face- look stupid
- as cool as a cucumber- cold-blooded
- be full of beans- be energetic
- as slow as molasses- very slow
- chew the fat- sharpen fringes
- sell like hot cakes- be selling like hot cakes
- take something with a pinch of salt- do not trust
- bite off more than one can chew- overestimate your abilities
- cry over spilt milk- grieve about the irreparable
- hot potato- actual topic
| Original | Translation |
| - Tom, who do you think may be in charge of this project? - I "m not sure, but I think that Jack will cope with it easily. - If I were you, I wouldn't be so sure. Sometimes he is a coach potato. - Yes, but last time he tried to solve a very big problem of the company. - I agree. However, I think that he bit off more than he could chew. - But he has great advantages. He is a very sociable and reliable person. - Ok, I will think about his nomination. |
- Tom, who do you think will be able to lead this project? - I'm not sure, but I think Jack can handle him easily. I wouldn't be so sure if I were you. He sometimes messing around. - Yes, but the last time he tried to solve a very big problem in the company. - I agree. However, I think that he overestimated his abilities. But it also has great advantages. He is a very sociable and reliable person. - Okay, I'll think about his appointment. |
We hope that these idioms will help you diversify your speech. And the teachers of our school will be happy to sort out with you all the subtleties of their use.
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Expressions that should not be taken literally.
These phrases should be known to everyone who wants to improve the level of spoken English and understand what is being said in conversation, films or books.
website collected idioms that are often found in the English language, which should not be translated literally, so as not to get into an awkward position.
- Against the clock- practically overtaking time - this means "doing something very quickly", in a short time.
- To eat one's word- you can not eat your words, but take your words back - quite.
- Break a leg- sometimes in films you can hear how someone advises the hero to "break his leg", in fact, this is a wish for good luck: no fluff, no feather!
- The apple of one's eye- literally translated scary, but the phrase means something like "the diamond of my soul", love someone very much and cherish like the apple of an eye.
- To feel it in one's bones- this is the case when you feel in your gut that something will happen. In Russian, premonition is felt in another place, in English - in bones.
- When the pigs fly- the phrase about flying pigs will remind many of the situation “when the cancer whistles on the mountain” or “after rain on Thursday”. That is, never.
- To scratch someone's back and that someone will scratch in return- this expression can literally be translated as “scratch the back of another so that he scratches you in return”, that is, a favor for a favor: to do a good deed to a person in the expectation that he will answer the same.
- To walk a mile in my shoes- this is not an offer to walk in someone else's shoes, you are asked to "be in my shoes", imagine yourself in someone else's place.
- To cost an arm and a leg- so they say when something is too expensive. You literally have to sell a body part to afford this thing.
- To count one's chickens before they hatch- count ahead of time for success, when nothing is clear yet. We have a similar expression "chickens are counted in the fall."
- It's raining cats and dogs- it's funny to imagine a rain of cats and dogs, but they say that when it pours like a bucket.
- Rat race- "rat race" - by and large, our whole life. It means "to be in a state of constant haste and competition", to chase success / money - who cares.
- In a nutshell if you want to tell something in brief, then this expression is perfect for speaking in a nutshell.
- The grass is always greener on the other side (of the fence)- can be translated as "it's good where we are not." Many have noticed that the neighbor's grass is always greener - this is the same feeling.
- Quick and dirty in our language there is the same capacious expression "cheap and cheerful".
- To shake a leg- so they say when you need to hurry up and do something faster: “move!”.
- Not your cup of tea this is not your element, ”when the soul does not lie to something or something cannot be done. Literally “not your cup of tea”, and you need to find your own.
- Curiosity killed the cat- an overly curious person can often hear this. In Russian - curious Varvara's nose was torn off at the market, not a single cat was hurt.
- To take the cake- do not rush to take the pie, it means "surpass everyone" (in a good or bad way). It vaguely resembles the Russian "take a pie from the shelf."
- A leopard cannot change its spots- just as a person cannot change his nature, he is “as he is”, so a leopard cannot change the spots on the skin. A good argument for those who do not want to change.
- Blood, sweat, and tears- expression means great effort or hard work. Literally "blood, sweat and tears": in Russian there is a close "seven sweats came down."
- Pushing the envelope is an expression about a person who always offers something new and goes beyond the usual.
- To save your breath literally “save your breath”, which means that you should not waste your energy and talk about what will not be useful. It is better to remain silent and not shake the air.
- To know where the bodies are buried - when you hear this, don't be alarmed - there is nothing in this sentence about real burials, the Russian equivalent: "that's where the dog is buried" means to understand what the essence of the matter is.
Pshenova Anna
To understand English speech, you need to know at least some of the most common idioms. The use of this kind of phraseological unit will not only help to make speech more lively, vivid and figurative, but will also bring it as close as possible to the speech of native speakers.
The purpose of this work is to study idioms, search for their Russian equivalents and systematize the knowledge gained in the form of a small reference book of the most common phraseological units to help learners of this language.
The work is accompanied by an appendix and a presentation.
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International scientific and practical conference
"First Steps in Science"
Job title:
"Idioms in English"
Subject area: foreign languages
Vyacheslavovna
Grade 9
supervisor:
English teacher
language
Dranzhevskaya Irina
Nikolaevna
MBOU "Gymnasium No. 6"
G.Bryansk
Bryansk 2015
1. Idioms.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 The concept of idiom.
1.3 Types of idioms.
1.4 Idioms about feelings, family and relationships between people.
1.5 Idioms containing advice.
1.6 Idioms about education and work.
1.7 Idioms in which animals appear.
1.8 Idioms on financial topics.
1.9 Idioms related to food.
1.10 Generalized idioms.
1.11 Conclusion.
1.12 Sources.
1.13 Appendix.
Introduction
Of course, in our time, the study of foreign languages plays a huge role not only in politics and economics, but also in everyday life. English has long been the language of international communication, knowledge of it has become a necessity. Knowledge of a foreign language implies the ability to speak using expressions characteristic of this language. As in any other language, in English a certain place is occupied by the so-called idioms - proverbs, sayings, phraseological units. They keep grains of folk wisdom, they reflect the history and worldview of the people who created them, their traditions, customs, customs and humor. They are "untranslatable" combinations of words - a literal translation is a complete absurdity.
To understand English speech, you need to know at least some of them, the most common ones. The use of such idioms will not only help to make speech more lively, vivid and imaginative, but will also bring it as close as possible to the speech of native speakers.
The purpose of this workis the study of idioms, the search for their Russian equivalents and the systematization of the knowledge gained in the form of a small reference book of the most common phraseological units to help learners of this language.
The relevance of this workdue to the extremely wide spread of the English language and the huge number of people trying to learn to speak English, who often use watching movies, TV shows, cartoons and also reading books in the original as a way of learning, but do not understand idiomatic expressions. Knowledge of phraseological units can greatly help them in this, as well as in communicating with foreigners.
To achieve the above goals, I set myself the following tasks :
1. Learn as many different English idioms as possible and choose the most common ones.
2. Pick up Russian equivalents for them.
3. Systematize the information received.
The object of my researchbecame phraseological units of English and Russian languages.
In my work, I used the following methods:
1.Sampling method.
2. Comparison (analogy).
3. Classification.
Practical valuework is to help both learners of English on their own and teachers who, by teaching students idiomatic expressions, will be able to bring students' speech closer to the speech of real native speakers, make it more vivid, expressive.
Concept of idiom
IDIOMA - [gr. idioma peculiar expression] linguistically stable turn of speech, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of its constituent words; indecomposable phrase (for example, “sleeveless”, “headless”) - Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language.
Here is the definition given by Wikipedia:
Phraseologism is a stable combination of words peculiar only to a given language, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of the words included in it, taken separately. Due to the fact that a phraseological unit (or idiom) cannot be translated literally (meaning is lost), translation and understanding difficulties often arise. On the other hand, such phraseological units give the language a bright emotional coloring. Often the grammatical meaning of idioms does not meet the norms of the modern language, but are grammatical archaisms.
Types of idiomatic expressions
Scientists have not yet developed a single principle for the classification of phraseological units. Of course, it is possible to divide idioms according to meaning, subject, but it should be remembered that such a division is rather arbitrary, because one proverb can illustrate several aspects of life. After spending quite a lot of time looking for a suitable classification of idioms, I realized that many of them are too difficult to understand for a layman or difficult to apply in practice.
Semantic (Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the semantic meaning of language units.) classification of phraseological units in the Russian language, proposed by academician V.V. Vinogradov, can be applied to the phraseology of the English language. According to this classification, all phraseological units can be divided into three groups: phraseological combinations, phraseological units and phraseological unions.
Phraseological combinations- these are stable combinations in which each of the components, while remaining non-free, retains some semantic independence, for example: "to show one's teeth". Literally translated "show someone's teeth", but as a phraseological combination "snarl". Independence in this combination shows the word "one" s, which means "someone's." It can be replaced with the words "my", "your", "his", etc.
Phraseological units- these are stable phrases in which the meaning of the whole is motivated and derived from the meaning of the individual components. The individual words included in its composition are semantically dependent, and the meaning of each of the components is subject to the unity of the general figurative meaning of the entire phraseological expression as a whole. However, with a literal translation, we can guess the meaning of the phrase. For example: "to know the way the cat is jumping". Literally translated “to know where the cat will jump”, but as a phraseological unit “to know which way the wind blows”.
Phraseological unions- these are stable phrases that are a semantically indivisible whole and the meaning of the whole is not derived from the meanings of individual words that make up this phraseological fusion. The semantic independence of words - components is completely lost. Such phraseological units are "pure idioms". With a literal translation, we cannot understand the meaning. For example: "to show the white feather". Literally translated “show a white pen”, but as a phraseological unit “to be afraid”. None of the words in the literal translation hints at the meaning of the whole combination.
So, for ease of understanding, I decided to take as a basis the oldest, but more understandable method of "thematic" or "etymological" classification of idioms, which is based on the origin of idioms.
So, for myself, I have identified such groups as:
1.4. Feelings, family, relationship:
As a general group, it is worth highlighting phraseological phrases related to the relationship between people, since a person is a biosocial creature and he needs communication. A person communicates with friends, family members, colleagues. Interaction with other individuals generates feelings, without which life would be colorless. This is all very important, so I have collected some idioms that reflect this topic.
I have butterflies in my stomach.- "Butterflies in the stomach"
This is where I draw the line.- meaning. .I won't do more.
I will have to sleep on it.-meaning-I'll think about it and tell you tomorrow.
He is backing out of it.-meaning. He changed his mind. He won't do it.
He must put his foot down.-meaning. He must refuse.
He will have to face the music. - He will pay for his mistakes.
Tastes differ.- Tastes differ.
Like father, like son.-The apple does not fall far from the tree.
You will scratch my back and I will scratch yours.
1.5. Some Advice:
Many revolutions are translated into Russian in the imperative mood, that is, they contain various kinds of instructions and warnings. Moreover, they are quite common, in this regard, I singled out the group "Advice".
You would better stay on your toes. -Forewarned is forearmed.
Don't stretch the truth.-meaning.
Zip your lip.-Shut up.
Look before you leap.-Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.
Haste makes waste. - Hurry up - make people laugh.
It is no use crying over split milk.
Never buy a pig in a poke.- Don't buy a pig in a poke.
1.6. Trade or profession:
Do not forget about such topical things as work and training. For the vast majority of people, they play a very important role in life. Therefore, among the people, proverbs and sayings devoted to the topic of study and work are far from the last place.
Live and learn.- Live and learn.
It is never too late to learn.
Men learn while they teach.
Practice makes perfect. Repetition is the mother of learning.
It is not whether you win or lose that matters, it is how you play the game. - The main thing is not victory, the main thing is participation. (lit. Meaning - It matters not whether you won or lost, but how you played .)
Where there is a will, there is a way.- Where there is a desire, there is a skill.
He that never climbed never fell.
You really take the cake.
Actions speak louder than words.-Not judged by words, but by deeds.
1.7. Animal idioms :
A huge difficulty for translation by ordinary people is the translation of phraseological turns, in which the names of any animals appear in one way or another. Many begin to translate and try to understand what the birds / dogs / other animals have to do with it. In order to avoid problems with their interpretation, I have compiled a small list of similar idioms:
Bald as an eagle.- Goal like a falcon.
Sly as a fox.- Sly as a fox.
Stubborn as a mule.- Stubborn as a donkey.
The early bird catches the worm. An early bird catches a worm (He who gets up early is lucky.)
Let the cat out of the bad.- (Let the cat out of the bag)-Open the secret.
Birds of a feather flock together.-The fisherman sees the fisherman from afar. Birds of the same flight.
Take the bull by the horns. - Take the bull by the horns.
At open doors dogs come in.- Carelessness leads to trouble
You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink. - You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make him drink.
1.8. money idioms:
An important part of the life of each of us is market and economic relations. Money has always been an interesting subject for discussion. Money is one of the few things you can never have too much. Of course, in idioms this topic is presented quite widely.
The best things in life are free.-The most precious thing in life is free.
A penny saved is a penny earned.-A penny saves a ruble.
Easy come, easy go.- As acquired, so lived.
Value time over money-only time cannot be replenished. - Value time more than money. - only time cannot be returned.
1.9. food idioms:
One of those categories of idiomatic expressions that, as I noticed, is difficult to translate correctly. In its composition, the group resembles idioms associated with animals - the meaning of the proverbs is different, but there are words of a common theme. Only here we will talk about "edible" expressions.
There is a small choice in rotten apples.- Radish horseradish is not sweeter.
Eat at pleasure, drink with measure.- Eat plenty, and drink in moderation.
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.-To find out what pudding is, you need to eat it.
Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow.-Better an egg today than a chicken tomorrow.
1.10. Other words of wisdom:
In a separate group, I took out catchphrases of a generalized nature. It should be immediately noted that the idioms of this group are not related at all either in meaning or in subject matter - they are simply phraseological units that are often used in English speech.
Too many cooks spoil the broth - seven nannies have a child without an eye.
A watched pot never boils - When you wait, time drags on slowly.
The road to hell is paved with good intentions.- The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
All roads lead to Rome - all roads lead to Rome.
He is bending over backwards for you.-meaning. He does more than he needs to.
Better late than never.-Better late than never.
The mountain has brought forth a mouse.- The mountain gave birth to a mouse.
Lighting never strikes the same place twice- Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
It never rains but it pours.- Trouble has come, open the gate.
Cut your coat according to your cloth.
Conclusion.
So, summing up my work, I would like to say that I completed all the tasks that I set for myself:
1. I studied many English proverbs and sayings.
2. She gave them Russian equivalents (if she did not find any, she explained the meaning).
3. Classified the most used phraseological units.
I conducted a survey of students in our class about the use of idiomatic expressions in English speech.
As a result of the survey, I found out that not all of my classmates have English phraseological units in their vocabulary, and even if they know, they rarely resort to using them in practice. More precisely, out of 30 respondents, only 4 (and this is about 13%)
It is worth noting that the classification compiled by me was very useful to me. Now we (our class) use it in our English.
I hope that my work will not go in vain and people will at least try to use such amazing turns in their practice.
Sources
1. Wikipedia
2.B.S. Ostrovsky. English language. Optional course.
3.K.I.Kaufman, M.Yu.Kaufman. Happy English.ru.
4. http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1864797
5. http://www.vesnianka.ru/articles/Lections/UK/English_Idioms.pdf
Appendix
Questionnaire questions:
Question #1 : "In your opinion, is it necessary to study idioms in an English course?"
Question #2 : "Do you use English idioms during foreign language lessons (professional activities)?"
Question #3 : "Do you find it difficult when translating, using, reading idioms?"
Question #4 : "Please translate the phases:
When the pigs fly
A leopard can't change his spots
It is a piece of cake
An arm and a leg"
List of "fresh" idioms:
* Pigs might fly (What only does not happen in the world)
* This place is a pigsty (It's just a pigsty)
* To make a pig "s ear of something (Doing something out of hand is bad)
* To eat like a horse (Have a wolfish appetite)
* Straight from the horse "s mouth (Firsthand)
* To flog a dead horse
* Knee-high to a grasshopper (From the pot two inches)
* To have butterflies in your stomach (Feel the jitters)
* To have ants in your pants (Burn with impatience)
* There's something fishy about this (It looks suspicious)
* A big fish in a small pond (VIP)
* A fish out of water (Not in his element)
* Bird brain (Near-minded, stupid person)
* To have a bird "s eye view (Watch from a bird's eye view)
* A little bird told me (The earth is full of rumors)
* There isn't enough room to swing a cat (The apple has nowhere to fall)
* To let the cat out of the bag (Speak out)
* To put a cat among the pigeons (Let the fox into the chicken coop)
* To be in the doghouse (Be in disgrace)
* The hair of the dog (Alcohol for a hangover)
* To make a dog "s dinner of something (Make a mess, fail the job)
* To monkey around
* Monkey business (Pranks, tricks)
* To make a monkey out of someone (Make someone look like a fool)
* Busy as a bee (Hard worker)
* The bee "s knees (High grade)
* To have a bee in your bonnet (To be obsessed with something)
* To be full of beans (Be energetic)
* I haven "t got a bean (I don't have a penny)
* To spill the beans (Give out a secret, spill the beans)
* He "s a bad egg (He is a scoundrel)
* Don "t put all your eggs in one basket (Do not put everything on one card)
* He got egg on his face
* To go bananas (Nervous, go crazy)
* It "s a case of sour grapes (Good grapes, yes green)
* A second bite of the cherry (One more try)
* It "s a hot potato (This is a sensitive topic)
* A carrot and stick
* Like two peas in a pod (Like two peas in a pod)
* It "s not my cup of tea (This is not to my taste)
* I wouldn't do it for all the tea in China
* It "s as good as a chocolate teapot (From this sense as from a goat's milk)
* It "s as easy as pie (It's as easy as shelling pears)
* Pie-eyed (Very drunk / with filled eyes)
* To have a finger in many pies (Do many things at the same time)
* I "ve got itchy feet (I have a craving for travel)
* I got cold feet
* I shot myself in the foot (I said stupidity / I did it to my own detriment)
* They "re up in arms (They are ready to get their way)
* I "d give my right arm to do it (I would give a lot to do this)
* He "s twisting my arm (He twists my arms (puts pressure on me))
* To keep an eye on something (Follow something, keep an eye out)
* To have eyes in the back of your head (Have eyes on the back of your head)
* His eyes are bigger than his stomach (He would eat everything with his eyes)
* It's like banging your head against a brick wall
(It's like punching a wall with your forehead)
* He "s got his head in the clouds (He is in the clouds)
* An old head on young shoulders (Wise beyond his years)
* I let my hair down (I relaxed (gave myself a break))
* Keep your hair on (Don't lose your temper, calm down)
* I "m tearing my hair out (hd. I'm just crazy about this)
* A bolt from the blue (Thunder from a clear sky)
* Once in a blue moon (For once)
* Until you are blue in the face (Until blue in the face)
* To have green fingers (To be a successful gardener, in which everything grows by leaps and bounds)
* The grass is always greener on the other side (It's good where we are not)
* I "m green with envy (I turned green with envy)
* I painted the town red (I went on a spree)
* I caught him red-handed (I caught him red-handed)
* It "s like a red rag to a bull (It's like a red rag for a bull)
* It "s black and white (There is no doubt)
* As white as a sheet (Pale as a sheet)
* A white-knuckle ride)
or an attraction (you sit on pins and needles all the way)
* As good as gold (Gold, not a person)
* A heart of gold
* Worth its weight in gold
* Born with a silver spoon in his mouth (Born under a lucky star)
* He is silver-tongued (His tongue is suspended)
* Every cloud has a silver lining
* It "s neck and neck (Nostril to nostril)
* On the home straight or stretch
* Down to the wire (All the way, to the very end)
* Keep your eye on the ball (Keep your finger on the pulse)
* It "s a whole new ball game (A completely different matter)
* He is on the ball (He grabs on the fly)
* Below the belt
* Take it on the chin (Don't lose heart)
* To throw in the towel (Surrender)
* Get your skates on
* Skating on thin ice (Playing with fire)
* To skate over (Avoid or bypass)
Classification of idioms with examples
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Slides captions:
"Idioms in English"
Introduction The urgency of the problem is due to the extremely wide spread of the English language in the world. Knowledge of idioms helps to understand spoken and literary language, as well as culture. Object of research: phraseological units of English and Russian languages. The purpose of the work: the study of English idioms, their Russian equivalents and the systematization of the acquired knowledge in the form of a practical guide. Research methods: phraseological identification, comparative descriptive and questioning.
The concept of IDIOMA - [gr. idioma peculiar expression] linguistically stable turn of speech, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of its constituent words; indecomposable phrase (e.g., “sleeveless”, “headless”) - Dictionary of foreign words.
Origin Borrowing from literature, primarily the Bible Aboriginal (purely English). They can be both author's (for example, from the works of L. Carroll, A.-K. Doyle), and folk, ethno-specific, the authorship of which is unknown.
Classification Space Weather Hobbies and free time Health To promise the Moon Everything is good in its season. No pain, no gain. Health is above wealth. Education, studies and trade. Live and learn.
Questionnaire
Questionnaire results: Question No. 1: “In your opinion, is it necessary to study idioms in an English course?”
Question number 2: "Do you use English idioms during foreign language lessons (professional activities)?"
Question number 3: "Do you find it difficult when translating, using, reading idioms?"
Survey results: practical part 9 9
Conclusion from the results of the survey The vast majority of respondents are confident in the need to use idioms in English speech. Among all categories of respondents, the task of translation caused difficulties. There is a need to develop visual aids, illustrated dictionaries that facilitate the perception, translation and memorization of idioms, which I did as a practical part of my research work.
Thank you for your attention!
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