16.03.2012 14:20

“All the gains of the revolution must remain inviolable and enshrined in the fundamental laws. Only the extremes and exceptional provisions of the revolutionary time must be eliminated in order to give the entire population the opportunity to work freely and enjoy the products of their labor,” - with these words Kaigorodov’s political program began.

Based on the recognition of the usual principles of democracy, this program even allowed for the possibility of socialization, i.e. socialization of enterprises in large branches of industry and trade, where "it seems possible and beneficial for the national economy."

In relation to their political opponents, the communists, the detachment of Kaigorodov called on everyone to abandon revenge and cruelty and follow the path of reconciliation. Regarding the local population - the Mongols, the Kirghiz, etc., the program insistently pointed out the need for an extremely attentive and careful attitude towards them.

Great retreat

Alexander Petrovich Kaigorodov - a military figure during the civil war in Russia, a member of the White movement, an ally and ally of General Baron Roman Ungern von Sternberg.

He took part in the fighting against the red units in the Irtysh region and Altai. At the final stage of the civil war, in 1920-1921, Kaigorodov's detachments were deployed on the territory of the Bogdo-Khan Mongolia, periodically raiding Soviet Russia.

Kaigorodov was born in 1887 in the village of Abay, Uimon volost, Biysk district, Tomsk province, in the family of a Russian peasant-immigrant and Altaic. Historian K. Noskov described him as "half Russian, half alien of Altai blood."

In the investigative documents of the OGPU, Kaigorodov's education was classified as "lower". Before the war, he was engaged in arable farming, served as a customs guard in the village of Kosh-Agach. According to fellow villagers, he was "a hardworking, smart guy." When the First World War began, he was drafted into the active army, in which he participated in the hostilities against the Ottoman troops on the Caucasian front. For "showed courage and courage" by 1917 he became a full holder of the St. George Cross, and also received an officer's rank. In the same year, Kaigorodov graduated from the 1st Tiflis School of Ensigns of the Army Infantry. This happened after the February Revolution.

In Kolchak's army and in Altai

In June 1918, Kaigorodov joined the newly formed anti-Bolshevik Siberian Army. After Admiral Alexander Kolchak came to power in White Russia on November 18, 1918, and mobilization was announced in the territories under his control, Kaigorodov at first evaded it, but later joined the Russian army and even was in Kolchak's personal convoy, but already in December of the same year he was discharged from the army. There are two versions of the reason why this happened. According to the first, once Kaigorodov, drunk, staged a riot at the Tatarskaya station, for which he was demoted to the rank and file and fired on the orders of Kolchak; and according to the second - more common - for talking about the need for an "independent" state system and the formation of "territorial-national armies."

Having learned about the demotion, Kaigorodov immediately appeared in Omsk with a confession. Here he managed to convince the marching ataman of the Cossack troops Alexander Dutov to give him permission to form foreign regiments in Altai and bring the Altaians into the Cossack estate. With this permission, Kaigorodov returned to Altai, where his popularity from that moment began to grow.

Almost all of 1919 Kaigorodov was in Altai. In November, when Kolchak's armies began to suffer defeat after defeat, falling into decline, the commander of the troops of the Altai Mountains, an Altai, captain Dmitry Satunin, brought Kaygorodov closer to himself, by special order restored him to the rank of ensign, and later promoted him to staff captain with a renaming of podsauls on the irregular cavalry of Altai. After the defeat of the Altai troops by the Red Army in February 1920, the retreat of the remaining forces from the Ust-Kamenogorsk region to the mountains of the eastern part of Altai and the death of Satunin, Kaigorodov took over his post, leading the troops of the Gorno-Altai region, as well as the consolidated Russian-foreign detachment.

Oralgo and Cobdo

After long wanderings in the Mongolian and Russian Altai, by the beginning of 1921, Kaigorodov with a small detachment settled in the Oralgo area along the Kobdo River, not far from the Russian settlements of Nikiforov and Maltsev. He was joined by fugitives from several other small White Guard detachments roaming Western Mongolia, such as the detachments of Smolyannikov, Shishkin, Vanyagin and others. Thus, a kind of "Altai Sich" appeared in Oralgo, as the scientist I. I. Serebrennikov described it, and Alexander Kaygorodov stood at its head.

The members of the anti-Bolshevik detachments who settled in Oralgo led an idle life: they drank and played cards. They obtained food by partisan raids on herds of cattle driven to Soviet Russia: for three such raids, up to 10,000 sheep and about 2,000 heads of cattle were at the disposal of the detachment.

In the period from February 23 to March 17, 1921, Russians continuously arrived in Oralgo, fleeing from the city of Kobdo and its surrounding haunts, fleeing the Chinese pogrom that had taken place in it. People - both armed and unarmed - walked, rode horses and camels. All of them were willingly accepted by Kaigorodov. One of the officers who arrived in Oralgo, Colonel V. Yu. Sokolnitsky, he even put at the head of his headquarters.

The pogrom in Kobdo Kaigorodov not only condemned, but also allowed members of his detachment to rob Chinese trade caravans, as a result of which tea, flour and other goods appeared in Oralgo. On March 20, the Chinese Commissioner Kobdo sent a letter to Kaigorodov demanding to stop the robberies "contrary to international treaties." He, in turn, answered him that "international treaties equally did not give him reason to abuse the defenseless Russians," and as revenge for the Kobdo pogrom, he, Kaigorodov, intends to organize an armed campaign against Kobdo. Without waiting for the Russian troops to enter the city, on the night of March 26, the Chinese left Kobdo, and three days later Kaigorodov entered it with 20 partisans. At this time, a fire was blazing in the city and looting continued, which began after the departure of the Chinese. Having occupied Kobdo, the Kaigorodites stopped this arbitrariness.

The city of Kobdo became a new location for the Kaigorodov detachment, which by the summer of 1921 was still small in number. It consisted of three, incomplete, cavalry hundreds, one machine gun team, an artillery platoon with one cannon received from Baron Ungern, and a small number of shells that did not fit the cannon in caliber. In addition to the headquarters, the detachment had its own military workshops and a small agricultural economy. At the headquarters of the detachment, a newspaper of an informational nature, printed on a typewriter, was published under the name "Nash Vestnik".

The beginning of the "campaign to Russia"

On June 25, 1921, Kaigorodov, who mobilized the entire Russian male population of the Kobdo region, gathered all the units under his control and united them into the so-called "Consolidated Russian-Foreign Partisan Detachment of the Gorno-Altai Region", after which he went on a campaign against Soviet Russia. According to Serebrennikov, he probably counted on the support of the peasants, who were dissatisfied with the Bolshevik regime. On June 30, the detachment of Kaigorodov, located near Lake Tolbo, received news of the movement of the Reds to Ulyasutai in the east and to Ulangom from the Uryankhai region. This forced the Yesaul to abandon the planned "campaign against Russia" and take up defensive positions. By the end of July, the Reds began to periodically strike at the White Guard outposts of Kaigorodov, throw reconnaissance detachments into the Kobdo region, but did not take decisive action, as did Kaigorodov's detachments, who tried to avoid a serious clash.

By the beginning of August 1921, Kaigorodov decided to start decisive action.

On August 9, there was a clash between the Kaigorodites and the Russian-Mongolian Red detachment near the Khure (Lamaist monastery) Namir, in which the Whites won, and on August 20 there was a small skirmish at the Khure Bairam. By this time, the Kaigorodov detachment had been replenished with fighters from the White Guard detachment of Kazantsev and, having entered into contact with the corps of General Andrei Bakich, began an intensive pursuit of the Reds. After much effort, the Soviet-Mongolian detachment of 250 people, led by Baikalov and Khas-Bator, was surrounded by the Kaigorodites and on September 17 locked themselves in the Saruul-guna khure near Tolbo-Nuur. At that very moment, the Kaigorodites met with Bakich's units.

On September 19, a meeting of the commanders of the detachments of Bakich and Kaigorodov was held, as a result of which a plan for the assault on the Khure Saruul-gun was adopted. According to the plan, on the night of September 21, units of the two detachments were to make a decisive attack on the Khure from all sides. For the attack, a strike group was formed, which included 300 fighters from the Kaigorodov detachment with one cannon and four machine guns and 420 fighters from Bakich's corps with one cannon and seven machine guns. The command of the strike group was entrusted to Kaigorodov.

Parts of the corps of General Bakich approached Khure on September 20, after which the encircled began to dig in. By the night of September 21, these trenches were brought to the depths of human growth.

At the agreed time, the white units non-stop, without a single shot, almost came close to the enemy trenches. Despite the strong fire opened by the Reds, the Whites rushed from four sides to the Khure. The northwestern half of the Khure and the monastery itself were raided. Some Reds fled and fortified themselves in the southeastern part of the monastery buildings. The red soldiers who remained in their positions - mainly cyrics (fighters of the Mongolian People's Republic) - were stabbed to death with pikes. At this time, however, other Mongolian ciriki came to the aid of the Reds from the northwestern side - about 20 people.

Having quietly crept up from the rear to the advancing whites, the Mongols began to throw hand grenades at them, causing confusion. This allowed the Baikal people, who came to their senses, to join the battle with renewed vigor and drive the White Guards out of the half of the Khure occupied by them. This turn of events forced the whites to move back under machine-gun and rifle fire. In this battle, they suffered significant losses: many died and went missing, 260 people were injured. In the Khure itself, the Reds found about 100 whites killed, and about 40 near it. Approximately 20 people from Bakic's corps were captured.

During the siege of the monastery, Khas-Bator, a relatively young Mongol-Khalkhas, aged 37-38, who belonged to the highest hierarchical ranks of the lamaist clergy of Mongolia, perished. He was a revolutionary lama, one of those young nationalists of Mongolia who firmly decided in their intentions to defend the state identity of their native country, to rely on the active assistance of red Moscow. His belonging to the lamaist clergy did not prevent him from keeping a Mauser revolver in the belt of his dressing gown.

In his activities in Western Mongolia, Khas-Bator received support from Irkutsk, where at the time described, a branch of the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Comintern was organized specifically for Mongolian affairs. In the same city, the Comintern set up a Mongolian printing house, where the newspaper "Mongolskaya Pravda" and various kinds of proclamations, appeals and leaflets addressed to the Mongolian people were printed.

This propaganda and agitation literature flowed in a wide stream into Mongolia through Altan-Bulak in the east of the country and through Kosh-Agach in its west.

During the passage of Khas-Bator through Siberia, he and his retinue were given special attention by the Soviet authorities. On the way, he received a separate saloon car for himself, and a number of Russian workers were placed at his disposal (and, on the other hand, perhaps to control it). Of course, funds for the activities of Khas-Bator in Western Mongolia were released from the Soviet treasury.

The official position of Khas-Bator was defined as the position of a member of the Provisional Government of the Mongolian People's Republic, sent to the Kobdo region with a special assignment. His closest assistant was Dorji Damba; Baikalov was the head of the expeditionary detachment under him, Ozol was the latter's assistant, and a certain Natsov was the representative of the Comintern with the detachment.

Appearing in the Kobdo region, Khas-Bator managed to establish contacts with influential people there and enlist their support. His attempts to mobilize the Mongols to fight the White Russians gave him only comparatively insignificant numbers of Mongolian cyrics. When Khure Saryl-guna was besieged by Kaigorodov's detachment, Khas-Bator was among those besieged. On one of the very first days of the siege, at night, during a short attack by the whites on the Khure, Khas-Bator with several Mongol tsiriki disappeared from the Khure. Probably, fearing the fatal consequences of the siege, he simply fled from the Khure, not informing even his closest associates in the expeditionary detachment about his plans.

The escape proved to be fatal for him. Not far from the town of Khongo, Khas-Bator was arrested by a white patrol from the Kaigorodov detachment. This siding accidentally stumbled upon three Mongol horsemen on the way, who seemed suspicious, and the siding delayed them. The detainees showed great concern and began to offer a ransom for themselves, but this offer was rejected. Then two of the detained Mongols informed the head of the patrol, Esaul Smirnov, that their third comrade in trouble was none other than Khas-Bator himself.

The prisoners were then tied up and brought to Kobdo.

During the interrogation, Khas-Bator spoke in detail about the purpose of his business trip to Western Mongolia, and also indicated that in Khure Bayram in one area near Ulankom he had buried up to two pounds of silver, several thousand cartridges for a machine gun and up to a hundred hand grenades. These statements turned out to be correct: valuables and military equipment were found in the indicated places.

A few days after the interrogation, Khas-Bator was shot.

End of hike

Disappointed by the failure at Khure Saruul-gun, Kaigorodov returned to the idea of ​​a campaign against Altai, and on September 22, his first, second and third hundred marched in the direction of Kosh-Agach. They were also joined by two hundred People's Division from Bakic's corps. For a new assault on Khure Saruul-gun, the rest of Bakich's corps and the fourth part of Kaigorodov's detachment remained in place. After the departure of the main forces of the Kaigorodites, attacks on the fortress by the Whites continued for more than a month, until large Soviet military reinforcements sent from Siberia came to the aid of the besieged Reds.

On September 25, the Kaigorodites crossed the Russian-Mongolian border near Tashanta and the next day moved to the village of Kosh-Agach, where, according to the information they received, there was a Red detachment of up to 500 people with 8 machine guns. At dawn on September 27, Kaigorodov's detachment attacked the village, but the Reds, contrary to their expectations, did not sleep at that time, since the local Kazakhs had warned them in advance of the enemy's approach. As soon as hundreds of Kaigorodov broke into the village, the Reds began to move around from the flanks, trying to surround the enemy. This time, the Whites also had to retreat, while suffering serious losses. Many of his best officers left Kaigorodov's detachment killed and wounded. By September 28, the detachment withdrew to the Kirghiz volost.

Failure in the battle for Kosh-Agach finally broke the hopes of both the Kaigorod detachment and the Yesaul himself. Meetings and rallies began in the detachment. Most of the officers of the detachment refused to continue the campaign in Western Siberia. Then Kaigorodov organized a call for volunteers for his campaign, but only a few Altai foreigners responded to it, who counted on their ability to hide in the familiar regions of the Altai Mountains. Of the officers, only four people responded to Kaigorodov's call. On the evening of September 29, the former detachment of Kaigorodov broke up into several parts, which dispersed in different directions and never touched each other again. Kaigorodov himself, with a small number of his supporters, went to the Siberian Altai, setting out to get into his native Arkhyt, a place located along the Katun River.

His partisans, who broke away from Kaigorodov during the campaign, returned to Kobdo, where a number of institutions created under Kaigorodov still remained. Colonel Sokolnitsky took command over them.

Doom

In modern historiography, scientists do not agree on when and how Kaigorodov died. So, a number of sources point to October 1921, when the Yesaul's detachment was surrounded during the next trip to Altai, and Kaigorodov shot himself to avoid capture. According to another - the most plausible version - the captain died in April 1922 in the village of Katanda, during a clash between the Kaigorodites and the Chonov detachment. In this battle, Kaigorodov was seriously wounded, after which the commander of the Chonovites Ivan Dolgikh, taking the captain by the forelock, cut off his head. She, bloodied, impaled on a bayonet, was sent to the headquarters located in the village of Altaiskoye, and subsequently she was taken in a box of cartridges through the Altai villages and villages. For the successful operation to eliminate Kaigorodov, the commander of the combined detachment Dolgikh, who led it, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. This version of the time and place of Kaigorodov's death is considered generally accepted and is indicated in most sources.

Finally, according to the version of the inhabitants of Katanda, Kaigorodov did not die at all then, but together with his detachment, covering the retreating local population, he went through the mountains to China.

Floor the male Full name
from birth Alexander Petrovich Kaigorodov Parents Wiki page wikipedia:ru:Kaygorodov,_Alexander_Petrovich

Events

Notes

Alexander Petrovich Kaygorodov (1887, Abai, Uimon volost, Biysk district, Tomsk province, Russian Empire - April 16, 1922, Katanda, Altai province, Soviet Russia) - a military figure during the civil war in Russia, a member of the White movement, an ally and ally of the general baron R. F. Ungern von Sternberg.

He took part in the fighting against the red units in the Irtysh region and Altai. At the final stage of the civil war, in 1920-1921, Kaigorodov's detachments were deployed on the territory of the Bogdo-Khan Mongolia, periodically raiding Soviet Russia.

Kaigorodov Alexander Petrovich (1887-10.04.1922). Born in the village of Abay, then Uimon volost (now - Ust-Koksinsky district). Comes from peasants. Father is Russian, mother is Altaic. He was distinguished by his enormous growth and physical strength. Before World War I, he taught in the village of Sook-Yaryk (a village at the confluence of the Argun and Katun).

In 1902, Kaigorodov graduated from elementary school in the village. Sok-Yaryk, where his older brother Nestor taught and at the same time studied his future associate in the fight against Soviet power, Altaian Karman Chekurakov. At the beginning of his independent life, Kaigorodov worked as a peasant in the volost village of Katanda, and then served as a customs officer in the village. Kosh-Agach on the Chuysky tract, near the Mongolian border. While he was in the army and fought with the Turks, his family (wife and son) lived in the village. Abay. In 1917, according to the data of the All-Russian Agricultural Census, she had 2 horses, 2 cows, 6 sheep, an unusable wooden cart, and also three foreign, i. winnower. By Altai standards, there is not much property. But on this basis alone, it is impossible to call Kaygorodov "almost a poor man." The head of the family himself was at the front, and the household without a male worker could be, as it were, folded up. How much does a woman with a child need?

In addition, when determining the degree of prosperity or poverty of a given family, one must also take into account the salary of the customs officer and the monetary allowance from the treasury for conscripting the breadwinner into the army.

In World War I, he was called to the front. Full St. George Cavalier. He graduated from the Tiflis (Tbilisi) ensign school (1917). In the White movement: an officer in the troops of the Siberian army, July-December 1918. From the beginning of 1918, an officer in the convoy of Admiral Kolchak, demoted for talking about the need for an “independent” state system and the formation of “territorial-national armies”, dismissed from the ranks of the Russian army. From November 1919 - in the troops of Altai, under the commander of the ataman of the Altai Cossacks, Captain Satunin D.V. After the defeat of the Altai troops (3rd Regiment) and the retreat from the Kamenogorsk region to the mountains of the eastern part of Altai in February 1920, Staff Captain Kaigorodov became commander of the Gorno-Altai troops and received the rank of podsaul.

“A simple Altai Cossack, Yesaul, he managed to gather about two and a half hundred fighters. They obeyed him implicitly. He was a rude man of great physical strength, capable of killing any of his officers in a drunkenness, but possessing an innate sense of justice. It forced Kaigorodov to take under the protection of the Jews who fled from Urga and prevent violence against the Mongols. ”, Writes the writer L. Yuzefovich about Kaigorodov in the book“ Autocrat of the Desert ”

Our family has the following memories of Kaigorodov:

He stood up in the house of our relative. The son of a relative sympathized with the Bolsheviks, so he took refuge in the cellar. His sister secretly went to feed him. Once Kaigorodov told my relative: "Tell your son to come out. I don't fight with boys."

With all due respect to the personality of Kaigorodov, you are apparently a very dark person in his biography. According to the card of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1917, Kaigorodov's wife and only son lived in Abai (the only one in 1917). In the mid-90s, he was acquainted with Kaigorodov's great-great-granddaughter (she then worked at Bankfax). In the Great Patriotic War, 18 representatives of the Kaigorodov family, who left the then Orot Autonomous Okrug, died or went missing. While those who remember them alive are still alive, to the best of my ability I try to help them find out where their native soldiers served and are buried.

As soon as the bird cherry blossoms, location shooting of a new film about Altai will begin. The scene in bird cherry color will display the farewell of Alexander Kaigorodov with his beloved wife Efrosinya.

Yes, the central character of the picture is the same fighter against the Bolsheviks, the full St. George Knight, the ensign of the tsarist army, the captain of the Kolchak army, the captain, and then the Cossack captain Alexander Kaygorodov.

Kaigorodov is a cult figure of Gorny Altai. Together with the artist Grigory Choros-Gurkin, he was one of the organizers of the Socialist-Revolutionary Kara-Korum Council, which planned to separate the south of Siberia (including the Kuznetsk district) from Russia. It does not matter whose - Kolchak or Soviet.

Himself from the Abai intermountain steppe, from the village of Black Anui. The son of a Russian settler and Telengit. Today it is the Ust-Kansky district of the Altai Republic. He was educated in elementary school. He served as a customs guard in Kosh-Agach. When the First World War began, he was drafted into the army, fought against the Ottoman troops on the Caucasian front. There he served the full bow of George and received the first officer rank in the Tiflis school of ensigns of the army infantry.

Returning to Siberia, he served under Admiral Kolchak. For some time I was in his personal convoy. He rose to the rank of captain (corresponds to the rank of captain in the Cossack troops), but was demoted and expelled for separatist sentiments. He was reinstated in rank already in Kara-Korum.

Kaigorodov and his childhood friends, the Chekurakov brothers, became the leaders of the insurrectionary movement, mainly the Oirot, at times their detachment gathered over a thousand people. Kaigorodov at one time held the anti-Bolshevik front from Lake Teletskoye to Kazakhstan. At the final stage of the Civil War, he was limited to sorties from Mongolia, where he had a base.

He died in the Uimon valley in the village of Katanda. In order to catch and neutralize Kaigorodov, the CHON detachment under the command of Ivan Dolgikh made a dangerous crossing over the Terektinsky Range in April, through the still winter snows.

By the way, the Dolgikhs had personal scores to settle with Kaigorodov: in 1918, the podaul ambushed the partisan detachment of Pyotr Sukhov, in which Dolgikh fought, exactly in these places. The partisans were slaughtered. Dolgikh, one of the few, survived.

Revenge was taken in 1922. The avenger cut off the head of the killed Kaigorodov, covered it with ice and sent to Biysk for identification to Kaigorodov's wife Efrosinya, the same one with whom he said goodbye in the bird cherry spring, leaving for the war.

Then, as people say, the head was alcoholized in moonshine and taken around Altai, showing the hidden rebels against the Soviets: here is your leader. So the civil war in Altai was calmed down.

In short, it can turn out to be quite a romantic drama in the Western style and in the spirit of Sholokhov-Gerasimov’s Quiet Flows the Don: Alexander Kaygorodov is a complete analogue of Grigory Melekhov, even with Eastern blood in his veins, only Melekhov is a fictional hero, and Kaygorodov is a real historical figure, in to a number of many half-forgotten ones: ataman Solovyov, who was buzzing in Khakassia, the Altai-Kuzbass anarchist Rogov and others.

The film is based on the book of local historian Viktor Tretyakov. He is also a director. The cinema is financed by the Ministry of Culture of the Altai Republic.

Former Chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court, member of the High Qualification Board of Judges of the Russian Federation

"News"

Larisa Shkolyar headed the Tomsk Regional Court

The judicial and law enforcement system in Tomsk is completely rotten: residents of the city

Tomichi are sure that the judicial and law enforcement system in the city is completely rotten, and the only chance to somehow rein in the local leadership was to record a video message to President Putin during his annual Direct Line with the Russians. The team of "Journalistic Control" figured out what was happening in Tomsk - after all, residents were arrested two hours after the video was recorded, taken to court, accused of violating federal law No. 53 and fined.

Corrupt octopus in the Tomsk region

Konstantin Savchenko, head of the UEB and PC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Tomsk region, who, according to his official duties, was supposed to fight corruption, is accused of taking a bribe from businessman Andrei Krivoshein. Igor Mitrofanov, who headed the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the time, said that the news about Savchenko's bribery came as a complete surprise to him, since he had established himself as a responsible officer, sincerely dedicated to his work. Konstantin Savchenko himself denies that he took a bribe from the entrepreneur.

New composition of the VKKS elected

At the IX All-Russian Congress of Judges, delegates from the respective courts at separate meetings by secret ballot elected 18 judges to the High Qualifications Board of Judges of the Russian Federation (in addition to them, the HQCJ includes 10 members of the public and a representative of the President of the Russian Federation).

From the judges of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to the HQCJ, Alexander Klikushin, the chairman of the judicial composition of the RF Armed Forces, was elected; Vladimir Popov - Judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; Nikolai Romanenkov - Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; Nikolay Timoshin is the chairman of the judicial composition of the RF Armed Forces.

Alexander Kaigorodov has been reappointed Chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 94 dated January 20, 2012, Alexander Aleksandrovich Kaygorodov was appointed chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court for another six-year term, the press service of the court reports.
link: http://obzor.westsib.ru/news/ 361017

ALEXANDER KAIGORODOV: EVERY BUSINESS IS THE FATE OF A HUMAN

Alexander Kaigorodov, recently appointed chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court, readily responded to a request to meet with a TV journalist: openness is one of the strategic tasks of the regional judicial system. Alexander Alexandrovich is a specialist with almost two decades of professional experience in the judicial system of the Tomsk region, he headed the Oktyabrsky District Court and the Council of Judges of the Region, and is a member of the Council of Judges of Russia. Before becoming acting chairman of the regional court, was the deputy for criminal cases. And now, finally, the temporary abbreviation is over: by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Alexander Kaygorodov is no longer nominally, but officially replaced Viktor Mironov, who has retired with honor, as chairman of the court.
link: http://oblsud.tms.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=press_dep&op=4&did=192

The judge who caused the accident was fired

The qualification board of judges of the Tomsk region satisfied the submission of the head of the regional court Alexander Kaygorodov, who asked to deprive Judge Irina Ananyeva of her powers, who had recently caused a drunken accident, Pravo.ru reports citing a representative of the Tomsk regional court.
link: http://zasudili.ru/news/index. php?ID=2655

This is the only court building in the region equipped with elevators.

The opening ceremony of the new building was attended by Chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court Alexander Kaigorodov, Governor of the Region Viktor Kress, Deputy General Director of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Head of the Main Directorate for Supporting the Activities of Military Courts Lieutenant-General Petr Ukraintsev, Head of the Judicial Department for the Tomsk Region Vladimir Yurinsky , heads of law enforcement structures of the region.
link: http://oblsud.tms.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=press_dep&op=4&did=162

KKS prematurely terminated the powers of a judge who drunkenly rammed two cars into a Toyota RAV 4

According to a source in the judicial system of the region, "the magistrate of the judicial district N1 of the Asinovsky judicial district, Irina Ananyeva, got into an accident while intoxicated." An internal audit was carried out, as a result of which a submission was made on the early termination of powers. The submission to the Qualification Collegium was made by the Chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court Alexander Kaygorodov. The source also denied the allegations spread on local Internet forums about the involvement of another judge, Anastasia Grechman, in the accident.
link: http://pravo.ru/news/view/76730/

The 7th conference of judges of courts of all levels of the Tomsk region began its work today

At the beginning of his speech, the chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court, a member of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation, Alexander Kaygorodov, noted that “improving the judiciary, ensuring its true independence, creating conditions for the full protection of human rights and freedoms is the most important activity of the state.”
“It is gratifying that in Russian society there is an understanding that there can be no weak justice in a strong state,” he said, addressing the judges.
link: http://www.viperson.ru/wind. php?ID=570169&soch=1

'Drug abuse' strips judge of mantle

So today the Disciplinary Court Presence clarified from the applicant the circumstances already known to him. The accident involving Ananyeva occurred on August 18 in the center of Tomsk at almost one in the morning local time. Audi TT and Toyota RAV 4 cars (the latter was driven by Ananyeva, who was in a state of intoxication, as indicated in the report drawn up at the scene) were driving in the same direction. As the cars approached the traffic light, they collided.

After that, Toyota RAV 4 rammed two more cars - Toyota BB and VAZ-2107. As a result of the accident, all four cars received mechanical damage. Later, three passengers of Toyota BB and Audi TT cars turned to medical institutions with complaints of bruises. The accident case against the judge was dismissed for lack of corpus delicti (the decision is currently being contested by other participants). In the case of an administrative offense under Art. 12.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (driving a vehicle by a driver in a state of intoxication) On November 18, 2012, after following all the procedures for holding a judge accountable, a decision was made to deprive Ananyeva of her rights for a period of one and a half years (currently disputed).

But the punishment of the judge was not limited to deprivation of rights, she also got it in the professional community - on August 28, 2012, on the proposal of the chairman of the Tomsk Regional Court Alexander Kaygorodov, her powers were terminated ahead of schedule by the decision of the qualification board of judges of the Tomsk region. She served in the position for eight and a half months.
link: http://pravo.ru/court_report/view/80670/

The judge from Asino, guilty of an accident on Lenin Avenue on August 18, will be deprived of her powers

Asino, guilty of an accident on Lenin Avenue on August 18 while drunk, in which 4 cars collided, will be deprived of her powers. The Tomsk Regional Court completed an official check on this fact. This is reported in the press service of the Regional Court. During the audit, the involvement in the accident of the magistrate of the district No. 1 of the Asinovsky judicial district, Irina Valerievna Ananyeva, who has been working as a judge for 8.5 months, was established. The chairman of the regional court, Alexander Kaygorodov, today made a submission to the qualification board of judges of the region, on the early termination of the powers of the justice of the peace, Irina Ananyeva.
link: http://novo.tomsk.ru/index. php?newsid=7883

The head of the regional court insists on the dismissal of a judge who drunkenly rammed two cars into a Toyota RAV 4

According to him, the presentation to the qualification board was made by the chairman of the Tomsk regional court, Alexander Kaygorodov, and the board, in turn, will decide whether to dismiss Ananyeva or not.
link: http://pravo.ru/news/view/76670/

Congratulations on the 15th anniversary of the State Duma of the Tomsk Region

In April 2009, the State Duma of the Tomsk Region turns 15 years old! In this regard, the 27th meeting of the regional parliament is an anniversary one. At the beginning of the meeting, the speaker of the regional parliament Boris Maltsev addressed the deputies with congratulations (text of the speaker's speech ...), Governor of the Tomsk region Viktor Kress (text of the governor's speech ...), chairman of the Tomsk regional court Alexander Kaygorodov, prosecutor of the Tomsk region Vasily Voikin, Member of the Federation Council from State Duma of the Tomsk Region, Chairman of the Federation Council Commission on Youth Affairs and Tourism Vladimir Zhidkikh. Also, the chairman of the committee on labor and social policy of the regional duma, Igor Chernyshev, read out congratulations from the voters of the city of Strezhevoy. (texts of speeches ...).
link:

Alexander Petrovich Kaigorodov(1887, Abay, Uimon volost, Biysk district, Tomsk province, Russian Empire - April 16, 1922, Katanda, Altai province, Soviet Russia) - a military figure during the civil war in Russia, a member of the White movement, an ally and ally of General Baron R. F .Ungern von Sternberg.

He took part in the fighting against the red units in the Irtysh region and Altai. At the final stage of the civil war, in 1920-1921, Kaigorodov's detachments were deployed on the territory of the Bogdo-Khan Mongolia, periodically raiding Soviet Russia.

Biography

early years

Alexander Petrovich Kaigorodov was born in 1887 in the village of Abay, Biysk district, Tomsk province, in the family of a Russian peasant settler and an Altai (Telengit). Historian K. Noskov described him as "half Russian, half foreigner of Altai blood."

In the investigative documents of the OGPU, Kaigorodov's education was classified as "lower". In 1897 he graduated from the primary four-year school in the village of Sok-Yaryk. In 1905 he graduated from an eight-year gymnasium in Biysk. Before the war, he was engaged in arable farming, worked as a teacher in an elementary school in the village of Sok-Yaryk and a teacher of literature in the village of Ongudai, served as a customs guard in the village of Kosh-Agach. According to fellow villagers, he was "a hardworking, smart guy." In 1908 he entered military service in the Cossack part of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. In 1911 he was promoted to cornet. In the same year he married Alexandra Doroshenko. In 1912, his son Peter was born. When the First World War began, he was drafted into the active army, in which he participated in the hostilities against the Ottoman troops on the Caucasian front. For "the courage and courage shown" by 1917, he became a full holder of the St. George Cross, and also received an officer's rank. In the same year, Kaigorodov graduated from the 1st Tiflis School of Ensigns of the Army Infantry. This happened after the February Revolution. Known award numbers: St. George's Cross IV degree No. 346799 (Imperial book of holders of the St. George Cross), St. George's Cross II degree No. 5958 KAYGORODOV Alexander Petrovich - 74 infantry. Stavropol regiment, communications team, ml. non-commissioned officer. For the fact that in the battle from 15 to 08/16/1915 near the village. Bubnovo, carried the wounded officer out of the sphere of fire, which saved his life. (Patrikeev S.B. Consolidated lists of holders of the George Cross 1914-1922)

In Kolchak's army and in Altai

In June 1918, Kaigorodov joined the newly formed anti-Bolshevik Siberian Army. In August 1918, as part of a detachment of military foreman V. I. Volkov, he took part in the destruction of the red partisan detachment of P. F. Sukhov. After the final defeat of the Sukhovites near the village of Tungur and the capture of the surviving partisans, he petitioned for the abolition of the execution, familiar to him from the Caucasian front, Ivan Ivanovich Dolgikh. After Admiral A. V. Kolchak came to power in White Russia on November 18, 1918, and mobilization was announced in the territories controlled by him, Kaigorodov at first evaded it, but subsequently joined the ranks of the Russian army and even was in Kolchak's personal convoy, however, already in December of the same year he was dismissed from the army. There are two versions of the reason why this happened. According to the first, once Kaigorodov, drunk, staged a riot at the Tatarskaya station, for which he was demoted to the rank and file and fired on the orders of Kolchak; and according to the second - more common - for talking about the need for an "independent" state system and the formation of "territorial-national armies." Having learned about the demotion, Kaigorodov immediately appeared in Omsk with a confession. Here he managed to convince the marching ataman of the Cossack troops A.I. Dutov to give him permission to form foreign regiments in Altai and bring the Altaians into the Cossack estate. With this permission, Kaigorodov returned to Altai, where his popularity from that moment began to grow.

Almost all of 1919 Kaigorodov was in Altai. In November, when the Kolchak armies began to suffer defeat after defeat, falling into decline, the commander of the troops of the Altai Mountains, Captain D.V. cavaliers for the irregular cavalry of Altai. After the defeat of the Altai troops by the Red Army in February 1920, the retreat of the remaining forces from the Ust-Kamenogorsk region to the mountains of the eastern part of Altai and the death of Satunin, Kaigorodov took over his post, leading the troops of the Gorno-Altai region, as well as the consolidated Russian-foreign detachment.

Civil war... It's scary when a brother goes against his brother, a son goes against his father. It is a tragedy where there is no right.

My husband’s grandmother, a native of the Altai Republic, says that Ataman Kaigorodov is my husband’s ancestor, and we should bear this surname, but it was dangerous in those days and she gave her maiden name to her son, my father-in-law.

Who is the ataman Kaigorodov, whose name is associated with the civil war in Altai?

FOREIGN MILITIA

Alexander Kaigorodov was a native of the village of Abay (modern Ust-Koksinsky district of the Altai Republic) in the Biysk district of the Tomsk province. During the First World War, he fought in the tsarist army, rose to the rank of ensign, in 1917 he became a full cavalier of the St. George Cross "for the courage and courage shown." In the summer of 1918, Kaigorodov joined the anti-Bolshevik Siberian Army.

After Admiral Kolchak became the leader of the White movement, mobilization was announced in the territories under his control. Kaigorodov at first evaded her, but later joined the Russian army and even was in Kolchak's personal convoy, but already in December of the same year he was fired and left for his native places in Altai.

According to the assistant to the rector of the Gorno-Altai State University, historian Vladislav Poklonov, who studies the activities of Kaygorodov, the captain was an associate of Grigory Gurkin, a famous Altai artist, writer and public figure who dreamed of autonomy and independence of the Altai people. It was at the suggestion of Gurkin that Kaigorodov undertook the creation of a national foreign detachment.

As follows from various sources, Kaigorodov was either Russian or mestizo. Most researchers say that his father was Russian, and his mother was an Altai or Telengit (an indigenous Turkic-speaking small people). Descendants of the Yesaul's countrymen say that Kaigorodov "was a Russian of mixed origin, but had a good command of the Altai and Kazakh languages", knew and respected local customs, loved his people and fought for their well-being.

"Ensign Kaigorodov in Biysk received permission from the authorities, who were not yet Soviet at that time, to create a foreign detachment. Since he was local, he knew the Altai language, local customs, he was supported with this idea, his popularity among the locals was high. Kaigorodov himself at different times he called himself differently - either the commander of a foreign army, or the leader of the underground," Poklonov explained.

Kaigorodov's detachment grew rapidly, in some periods the size of his army, according to archival data, reached 4 thousand people. These were huge forces, which, moreover, had good weapons and ammunition. First, weapons, horses, uniforms were provided to him by the official authorities, and later he provided his army from various sources. In particular, the famous "Black Baron" von Ungern corresponded with Kaigorodov, sending him orders and money. However, the Yesaul did not share Ungern's monarchical sentiments. Some of their correspondence has been preserved in the archives.

"After the creation of detachments in the early 20s (of the last century), when the current Altai Territory was already occupied by the Reds, and Oirotia (the old name for Gorny Altai) remained white, the detachment under the command of Kaigorodov clashed with the Reds and "heaped" them on the first number "It was near the village of Bystryanka. Later, the Red Army intensified and began to push the white forces. Many officers joined Kaigorodov," says Poklonov.

In 1920-1921, having suffered a series of defeats from the Red Army, Kaigorodov with the remnants of his detachment went to Mongolia, where he stayed for about six months. There he communicated with Baron Ungern and even participated in the struggle of the Mongols against the Dzungarian (Kalmyk) tribes.

After long wanderings, by the beginning of 1921, Kaigorodov settled with a small detachment in the Oralgo area along the Kobdo River (Mongolian Altai), fugitives from several other small White Guard detachments roaming Western Mongolia joined him. At this time, Russians continuously arrived here, fleeing from the city of Kobdo and its surrounding haunts, fleeing the Chinese pogrom, which took place on the night of the Chinese New Year, February 20, 1921.

Researchers argue that the pogrom in Kobdo Kaigorodov not only condemned, but also allowed members of his detachment to rob Chinese trade caravans, as a result of which tea, flour and other goods appeared in Oralgo.

"The Chinese commissar sent a letter to Kaigorodov demanding to stop robberies" contrary to international treaties. Without waiting for the Russian troops to enter the city, "the Chinese left Kobdo, and three days later Kaigorodov entered with partisans," the researchers say.

At this time, a fire was blazing in the city and looting continued, which began after the departure of the Chinese. Having occupied Kobdo, the Kaigorodites stopped this arbitrariness.

OWN AMONG STRANGERS

For many years, Kaigorodov was hiding from the Red detachments with his troops on the Altai hills. The locals not only did not give him away, but even fed him in especially difficult times, warned him of the danger - in the appointed places for the people of Kaigorodov, the peasants left bread, meat and other food. And it was not even a matter of resistance to the "Reds" - it was not customary for the Altaians to kill or extradite "their own".

“He was our local, everyone knew and respected him, they studied with him - before the war he was the director at the school. brother is here for the whites - and why should they kill each other. So they lived in peace, did not touch. It often happened that the mother drowns the bathhouse, today washes the "red" son with his comrades, and the next day the white one. And they are all about it they know, and they don’t interfere so that the murder does not happen, ”says Galina Beskonchina, a countrywoman and distant relative of Kaigorodov, a native of the village of Abai, who devoted many years of her life to studying the civil war in the Altai Mountains.

According to her, the Red forces got on the trail of Kaygorodov's troops after his orderly, who had recently joined the detachment, killed an Altai boy from the village of Katanda, who allegedly stole something from him. After that, the Catandans "ordered the detachment to leave" and "surrendered them to the Reds." Then Kaigorodov with his people returned to the vicinity of Abai.

As the popular rumor goes, the white officer wanted to mobilize more forces, "sweep away the Soviet power" and create the Karakorum Republic, secede from Russia and join China. Allegedly, he sent two messengers to China for help. This is told by local residents, but documentary evidence of this has not been found.

HERO OF OUR TIME?

As a historical character Kaigorodov causes a lot of controversy, according to Poklonov, the personality of this person is especially interesting in our time.

"Why? On the one hand, (this interest) is due to the growth of national self-consciousness, on the other hand, dissatisfaction with the modern government, democracy. After all, what Kaigorodov proposed was neither communism nor democracy. It could not be called a monarchy. Until now Since then, some consider him a bandit, others a fighter for the rights of the people, "says the historian and adds that today Kaygorodov's personality is actively heroized.

Archival materials indicate that Kaigorodov, together with Gurkin, advocated the creation of autonomy for the Altai people within Russia. And the rebel army in Gorny Altai was created precisely for this purpose, as well as to protect the interests of the Altai people: according to researchers, more than half of the Altaians were destroyed by the Red troops during the civil war.

“There have always been battles for these fertile lands. They remember the history of Christianization in the nineteenth century and the civil war of the twentieth. -a partisan from the party of Kaigorodov, ready to treat both red and white detachments with stones - no matter who goes below, "- Irina Bogatyreva writes in the story" Stars over Teletskoye ".

National interests are strong in the region today. When several years ago a number of statesmen expressed the idea of ​​uniting the Altai Republic with the Altai Territory, mass protests began in the region, and thousands of people rallied against this initiative. A small but proud nation, after so many years, still defends the right to its independence.

LAND - IN OWNERSHIP, DOWN WITH THE DEATH PENALTY

Yesaul either won victories over the Reds, then suffered defeats and "ran from the Bolshevik forces from one Altai village to another." At the same time, he tried to attract local residents to his side. In particular, his political program, which can be considered populist and propaganda, was a great success. The full text of this program has been preserved to this day in the archival files of the Directorate of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Altai Republic.

In particular, one of the most surprising points of the program is the abolition of the death penalty, which, in particular, testifies to the daily reality of terror during the years of the civil war. Kaigorodov, who knew about this, wanted to get more sympathy from the population and versatile support by canceling it.

“It is striking that the former ensign of the tsarist army is far from being a monarchist. He does not call on the population to “revise” the gains of the revolution, but at the same time he insists on maintaining the right of private ownership of land, as well as a “partial right of ownership” in the sphere production, advocates the introduction of national ownership of land not used in agriculture, and forests. He insists on the abolition of the death penalty, "Poklonov writes in the article.

At the same time, the researcher emphasizes that not all the data presented in Kaigorodov's program were consistent with his actions against the Red Army and the civilian population. For example, Kaigorodov's detachments did not disdain looting, because "they needed something to eat." There are also known cases of forced mobilization carried out by the Yesaul: in particular, "it is known for sure that he mobilized the settlements of Maly and Bolshoi Yaloman." This happened also because with the weakening of the White movement and with the strengthening of Soviet power, the local population gave him less and less support. At the same time, it is known that the Altaians also suffered greatly from the Red partisans who robbed them.

"The partisan movement hit the Altai population with all its weight. Entire villages were devastated, and where the partisan detachments passed, ruin and desolation remained ... (Altaians) first joined our detachments, but thanks to an inept approach, robberies ... and impunity for them, soon went over to the side of the whites," Professor Lev Mamet writes in his essay "Oirotia" about the red partisans.

WIFE, LOVER, CHILDREN

Whether Kaigorodov was married and whether he had children is not known for certain. There are many opinions on this matter.

Counselor Yesaul Galina Beskonchina says that shortly before his death, he asked the locals to hide his wife from the Reds, which they did - they took the woman to the Abai spruce forest in an impenetrable swamp and brought her food there for almost a week. And then they allegedly took her to the Chinese border and handed her over to the border guards who sent her to China.

"He himself stayed with his mistress, who was in his unit either a nurse or a nurse," she adds.

According to other sources, Kaigorodov was single, and there is no reliable information that he had children. At the same time, the surname Kaigorodov is quite common in Altai, and many who bear it declare that they are descendants of a white officer.

As Vladislav Poklonov said, it is known that Kaygorodov had a bride, to whom he went to woo before his death. And the officer's adjutant, as follows from the protocols of his interrogations, said that Kaigorodov captured two young girls and drove them with his detachment for a long time. "As the adjutant put it, 'for his own consumption.' Later he let them go, and it is quite possible that Kaygorodov had children. But we don't know that," he explained.

According to other sources, the Yesaul had a wife, Alexandra Flegontovna, and a son, Petya, in 1921 she was arrested and taken with her son to the Barnaul prison.

VERSIONS OF DEATH

How Kaigorodov died is also not known for certain. The most reliable version is that Kaygorodov was killed by the Chonovs (soldiers of special forces?) who broke into Katanda on April 16 (according to other sources - April 10), 1922. In the battle, Kaigorodov was seriously wounded, after which the commander of the Reds, Ivan Dolgikh, cut off his head with a saber. The memoirs of one of the Red Army soldiers who witnessed the events were published in various sources.

“It was early in the morning, the sun was rising, the shooting had stopped. In the middle of the floor, Kaygorodov lay on a felt mat. He was tall, breathed with a wheeze. For three summer months, the head was taken in a box with ice to all villages, camps, and rallies were organized on that occasion, shouting: "Long live Lenin, Trotsky, Lunacharsky!" delivered from the Barnaul prison," the memoirs of an ordinary Chonov soldier are cited in Gordienko's book "Oirotia".

At the same time, Vladislav Poklonov, who also points to this version, emphasizes that "in the village where he was killed, Kaigorodov came to the bride to woo according to Christian custom."

According to another version, which is pointed out by a number of sources, in October 1921, the Yesaul's detachment was surrounded during the next trip to Altai, and Kaygorodov, in order to avoid capture, shot himself. There is also information that Red soldiers dragged Kaygorodov out of the basement of his mistress, where he took poison, which he constantly carried with him, but it did not work, and Kaygorodov was shot dead. According to the information given by Galina Beskonchina, a fellow countrywoman of the Yesaul, Kaygorodov was killed in Ust-Kan by a local resident - the grandfather, with whom he stayed for the night "for a lot of money." Allegedly, the grandfather was seduced by the award announced for the head of a white officer, and killed him, cutting off his head with a saber.

THE LEGEND OF THE TREASURE

“We don’t know where Kaygorodov was buried, but there are opinions that his grave without a cross is located at the Abai cemetery, there are two large fir trees growing nearby,” Beskonchina says and adds that since the day of his death, many people have been looking for the so-called Kaygorodov’s treasure.

Poklonov confirms that the captain, as a military man, made caches with weapons and ammunition in different places, but he doubts that there could be money or gold in these hiding places, which the locals are talking about. "All this is from the realm of tales and legends," he laughs.

At the same time, local residents do not lose hope of discovering one day the wealth of a white officer, intended for the maintenance of the army.

“We had a lot of rich people - eight kulaks and one horse breeder, and so their small treasures are found, and they say about Kaigorodov that he hid everything in the mountains, many people searched in different years, there were even expeditions from Moscow, they did not find anything ", - says a distant relative of the Yesaul and jokes that the treasure is probably bewitched, and therefore it is not given to anyone.

At the same time, Poklonov told a story according to which, already in the years of Soviet power, a local resident in those places found a cache of Japanese rifles made in 1901, and "dragged them out of there on the sly." “They will seize his rifle, and after a while he will again carry the same one,” he laughs.

"Weapons, yes, it could be, but money? - Think for yourself how he would go to Mongolia, leaving gold in Altai. And there were times when his army was literally starving, and he would have buried the gold. This is implausible," the historian believes .

The Civil War gave rise to many legends and heroes, in the "big" country this is the commander of the Red Army Vasily Chapaev, and in its part - the white officer, Yesaul Alexander Kaygorodov. And although Yesaul Kaigorodov is not known throughout the country, he determined the history of a part of Russia, where the "big" history was reflected.

In Gorno-Altaisk there is a street to them. Dolgikh, the commissar who killed Kaigorodov, Dolgikh's weapons and clothes were exhibited in the local museum. It was Dolgikh who executed 50 residents of the village of Katanda.

article by local historian G. Medvedeva "KURGAN IS STILL VISIBLE" source - newspaper "Star of Altai"

Since childhood, I have been familiar with a small mound in the middle of a field on the edge of the village, where the inhabitants of Katanda were buried, who were executed by Ivan Dolgikh in April 1922, allegedly for treason, because they were on the side of Yesaul Kaygorodov or were in the village at all (this applied to the male population) in the time when comrade Dolgikh burst into the village from the side of the Yaloman proteins with a detachment of Red Guards and liquidated the rebel headquarters of Kaigorodov and his people with a sudden blow.
Until now, the thought haunts: “Why did Comrade Dolgikh, the commander of the combined, fighter detachment CHON, treat civilians so cruelly?” According to the testimony of the old-timers, when they were still alive, in the village of Katanda there was a "cutting of the male population." It is known that Ivan Dolgikh himself "chopped off the heads of all the men who were in the village, there were both young 14-16 year old guys and weak old people." This was recalled by Anna Chichulina, who has been dead for more than 20 years.
In April 1922, more than 50 people were killed in Katanda - and this is at a time when in Altai, one might say. Soviet power had already been established everywhere. Ivan Dolgikh was a fighter from the detachment of Peter Sukhov, defeated in 1918. He miraculously managed to escape. The wounded man was picked up by a resident of Kuragan (a village near Katanda, now he is gone) Altaian
grandfather Tunsulei, smuggled across the Katun, went out and helped to escape from the Whites in the mountains.
Dolgikh considered the Catandans responsible for the death of Sukhov's detachment. Although they met the Red Guards with bread and salt, they changed horses. They gave them grain and food, but then, according to Dolgikh, together with the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Kolchakites, they organized an ambush for Tungur. We know the story of the death of Sukhov's detachment, so there is no point in repeating it.
Isn't Comrade Dolgikh returned to our land with the aim of vengeance against the Catandans?
From the school bench, we, the students, were told that Ivan Dolgikh was a hero, like Pyotr Sukhov, and Yesaul Kaigorodov was an enemy and a bandit. Let's try to figure it out and think: can there be right-wing winners in a civil war, and in general, can there be winners?
It is known from history that before the October Revolution of 1917, the village of Katanda was rich.
People lived prosperously. After the adoption of the Decree on Land, all peasants were endowed with land, so that there were almost no poor people.
The peasants were grateful to the Soviet government for the land, but they looked at the events taking place with bewilderment: who are the Reds. Who are white? Nobody wanted to fight. The food policy of the Soviets played only a negative role: why allocate land if all the grain had to be handed over to the state?
In these difficult 1920s, the commander of the insurgent army Kaigorodov played his historical role. He was a man devoted to his ideals, to the Altai people. If he wanted a quiet, happy life only for himself, he could easily remain in Mongolia, where he emigrated with the remnants of the White Guard army, then he could emigrate to any other country, but no ...
Kaigorodov is the son of a peasant migrant. He was drafted into the tsarist army for service, participated in the First World War, returned to Gorny Altai as an ensign and a full Knight of St. George (four St. George's crosses) - this already says a lot.
In September 1921, Kaigorodov broke through Kosh-Agach to Gorny Altai in order to "protect fellow countrymen from the predatory policy pursued by the Bolsheviks."
Comrade Dolgikh was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by the government for the operation to destroy the Kaygorodov gang, and Kaygorodov still rests in an unmarked grave in Katanda ... (HIS BODY WITHOUT A HEAD, there is some evidence that the body was buried secretly Note. T.P.)
Why do we still consider April 1922 a tragic date in the history of Gorny Altai, and Katanda in particular? As you know, on April 10 - 11, 1922, Comrade Dolgikh committed a real bloody slaughter of civilians in Katanda. They searched every house, every estate. A lot of the male population was captured, and brutally. The villagers, who slept peacefully after the celebration of Easter, did not even suspect what fate awaited them at the hands of the godless Red Guards.
Unarmed men under the threat of weapons, with the use of force were driven out, pulled out of their houses. There is a known case when Dolgikh himself pulled a weak, sick old man from the stove and, without looking at his age, allegedly hacked to death in front of a large family for resistance.
Those arrested were hardly interrogated. The monotonous questions of Dolgikh: “Why in the countryside? Why didn’t he leave the village to fight against Kaigorodov?”
He did not leave the village, which means he is an enemy of the people; means bandit. The people in Katanda did not want to fight. They, the bulk, did not understand the politics of either the Whites or the Reds ... Kaigorodov had his own program, which is stored in the former regional party archive. Basically, the program defended the interests of the peasants. For example: "All the lands that were actually in the hands of the peasantry after the revolution remain in its inalienable use, all the rest of the lands not occupied by the peasantry constitute national property and serve as a source for allocating land to everyone who wants to engage in agricultural labor." (Political program of A.P. Kaigorodov, magazine "Altai" 1993 No. 1).
Much can be said about the political program of Kaigorodov, his aspirations, ideals, military operations, but the fact that we in Altai considered him a people's defender and avenger remains a fact. Residents of the villages of Gorny Altai, not only Katanda and Tungur,
They supported the policy of Kaigorodov, and the Yesaul himself treated the villagers peacefully and kindly.
LET'S GO BACK to the tragic day of April 10, 1922. Having driven all the arrested into one place, a cramped room, they put wooden blocks on their feet and hands so that they could not escape. Many were beaten, barely able to stand on their feet. Most of them were half-dressed, in their underwear. None of the inhabitants of the village at that time had any idea that all those arrested would be brutally executed.
Long did not understand, for him all those arrested were bandits, enemies.
The rags were arranged on the edge of the village, on the northeast side. He himself executed, he cut off the heads of people with a saber. In the village there was not crying, but the howling of women. Katanda land has never seen such cruelty in its lifetime...
To my grandmother S.D. Afanasyeva turned 12 in that terrible year. She clearly remembered this nightmare: “We, the children, stuck around the spinner and did not understand what was happening. It was scary and there were a lot of people, blood… We fled to our homes, hid…”
Comrade Dolgikh, according to the old-timers. He cut off the heads of people in front of the eyes of the population, not hiding his rage, cruelty, brandishing a bloody saber. The publicist V. Grishaev (From the KGB dossier, Altai magazine, 1993) describes that in fits of ferocity "the Dolgikhs foamed on their lips."
The “hero” executed, cutting off the heads with one professional stroke, on an ordinary strong chock. The stream that ran nearby turned bloody. That stream ran throughout the village, and people screamed, groaned, tore their hair, seeing bloody water sprinkled with human blood. All this happened, and there is no getting away from it, but it’s hard to figure it out - why did the new government execute peaceful peasants, teenagers and the elderly?
After the execution, the bodies were randomly thrown into one common pit. Residents under the threat of death were forbidden to approach the executed and bury them. The grandchildren of one woman told. That Dolgikh stopped at her house for the night. Arriving after the rags, he ordered her to wash the bloody clothes. He wore a long leather apron, but his clothes were soaked through with blood. His hands were covered in blood up to the elbows, his face. Her hair was also stained with someone else's blood.
In fear, the poor woman soaked Comrade Dolgikh's clothes in salt water in a large wooden barrel.
What unbearable labor it cost her to wash human blood, realizing that it was the blood of her fellow countrymen. She fainted several times during the night. All night she stoked a fire in the attached kitchenette to dry the clothes of the executioner by morning.
And the next day, the massacre in the village continued. The Catandans will never understand the cruelty of the Longs. It is also impossible to understand that Comrade Dolgikh did not suffer any punishment, having perpetrated massacre on the population without trial and any proceedings, and it was already 1922.
May 1, 1922 Ivan Dolgikh was awarded the highest award - the Order of the Red Banner. Together with him, six more Chonians received the same award for a "successful" operation. The news of the massacre in Katanda spread throughout the Altai Mountains and did a lot of harm in the sense that many supporters of Kaigorodov, such as Karman Chekurakov, the Bochkarev brothers, decided to fight to the end with special forces. And although the so-called "banditry" in the Altai Mountains after the death of Kaigorodov began to decline, its echoes were right up to the 30s.
At one time they went to the place of general burial of executed people at night, secretly mourned the dead sons, husbands, brothers, suitors. It was forbidden even to put up a cross, as the executed were considered "enemies of the people." Enemies to whom? Family? Children? native land?
Be that as it may, the tragedy that occurred in April 1922 in Katanda will forever remain a tragedy in history.
... The common grave is overgrown with grass. Someone still put a big cross rotted and fell. The guys from the local history circle tried to put it up again, but now there is nothing there except a mound overgrown with grass. But our people are buried there, our ancestors, and we should not turn a blind eye to this. While the mound is still visible, and people know this burial place, until this place is plowed up to the end (although every year the mound is plowed up more and more, because it is located in the middle of the field), I consider it necessary to install at least a modest memorial plaque “To the victims of the civil war - April 1922", to enclose the burial place, to consecrate ...
ONLY HERE WHO WILL TAKE UP FOR THIS GOOD DEED?