A remarkable book, a kind of monument to the material culture of the USSR until 1975, since it was published in 1978, signed for publication in 1975, and this is already an additional circulation of 100,000 copies. Judging by the circulation, it was in great demand, despite the price, solid for those times - 7 rubles 40 kopecks.
Written by experts in their field, "Lifehacker" -1978. Much applies even now.
This is not just a set of technical tips.
The authors unobtrusively try to instill in the reader taste, modesty, elegance and many other useful qualities that make life easier.
The largest part is occupied by patterns. Each item of clothing
- collar, skirt, robe, trousers, sundress - illustrated with several pages explaining how and what to build it.
Home robe. Depending on the purpose and season, dressing gowns are sewn from various fabrics: winter ones are made from flannel, flannel, baize, quilted on paralon. etc.; summer - from chintz, silk, etc. The dressing gown can be with long, semi-long or short sleeves.
The scene with the robe from Gaidai's Diamond Arm.
One of the main manifestations of good taste in clothing is its elegance.. The concept of elegance is primarily associated with the right ensemble, harmonious in color and shape, that is, a combination of clothes with shoes, a headdress, a bag, gloves. The elegance of the costume also implies a measure in the decoration, details, quantity and nature of the combined colors. The range of colors in modern fashionable clothes is not limited to one or two, as before. It includes light, dark and complex shades of many colors / It is easier to achieve elegance in combinations of tonal or close (beige with brown, blue with blue), as well as soft, pastel colors (white with delicate yellow, pink,
blue, etc.). The combination of black and white, blue and white is also considered elegant, but these are contrasting combinations and the proportions of each of the colors in one model are very important here.
The concept of elegance also extends to the appropriateness of the use of clothing in specific circumstances, its correspondence to the person's occupation, event and environment, including the tastes of other people.
In contrast to elegance in clothing, there is the concept of vulgarity. as a manifestation of bad taste. Huge earrings, shiny brooches and frills in the hair, noisy, bright, incongruous colors in the ensemble, large necklines and transparent blouses, too tight or too wide skirts and trousers, etc. look vulgar in a working environment - all those exaggerations and distortions of fashion , which cause a sharp condemnation of fashion in general from people who take them for genuine fashion.
Some people who reject modern fashion, believe that they dress "out of fashion". But they are wrong. There is no costume outside of fashion. You can wear clothes in the latest fashion, or you can prefer slightly or very outdated models. Clothing should not make a person's figure conspicuous in the eyes of others, and this, first of all, depends on the right taste. Too fashionable clothes, as well as too outdated, always look unnatural, deliberate, defiant. Clothing not only decorates (or spoils) the appearance, but also reflects a person's attitude towards others. An elegant dress with a neckline and brilliant embroidery in a working environment is not only uncomfortable and ridiculous, it indicates a woman’s desire to stand out and draw attention to herself. Conversely, casual, careless clothing in a festive setting indicates the neglect of its owner to the mood of others.
Taste in clothes It is also manifested in the ability of a person to be critical of himself, to know his shortcomings and take them into account when choosing a COSTUME * For the right choice of clothes, you must also remember about its connection with age. Young people can wear bright clothes, sportiness should prevail in the cut. Thirty-year-old women (conditionally) are considered to be trendsetters. At this age, a woman already knows her appearance well, knows how to choose clothes that emphasize her attractiveness. After forty years, it is recommended not to forget about hiding some of the shortcomings that come with the years. Young overweight women should not be limited in clothes to boring and especially dark fabrics, believing that they hide their fullness. Together with fullness, they can "hide" youth and attractiveness. The main thing is to observe the measure in the forms of clothing, which should calmly fit the figure, not have numerous horizontal seams that divide the overall length unfavorably, and the colors of fabrics can be bright and cheerful. Older overweight women should also not avoid light fabrics, only they should be calm, soft tones.
Underwear is very important for the appearance of clothes.. Under clothes made of light fabrics, you need to wear smooth combinations without lace on the rudi, under light clothes - only light-colored underwear, under transparent clothes (nylon shirts and blouses) - dense smooth underwear without a pattern and decoration. Women who wear trousers should replace the combination with a short shirt or tank top. With short skirts and trousers, it is better to wear tights rather than stockings. Women need to make sure that the underwear does not distort the figure, this primarily applies to the forms of bras and belts. It is better for overweight women to wear semi-graces or graces. Shoulder straps should be properly taut and wide enough. Men should not wear wide and long underpants, the folds of which are indicated under modern light woolen trousers. Short white knitted shorts are comfortable and hygienic, and in winter - underpants and warm high socks (knee socks)"
We must not forget that this is an encyclopedia. "That's how it should be, but it's not always the case"
How it was in life, the exhibition showed
BODY MEMORY. Soviet era underwear
"Care for clothes. The culture of clothes also includes the ability to care for it. Neatness, cleanliness are a must for a person striving to be well-dressed. You can't wear dresses and suits that are not ironed, stained, shiny in some places. You can't wear the most fashionable shirt or blouse. if the collar and cuffs have lost their freshness, are wrinkled and dirty.It is necessary to carefully monitor the buttons so that they are always firmly and neatly sewn, sew up in a timely manner and, if necessary, darn the torn places. buttons with even pieces of durable fabric, and on casual clothes made of knitwear under the armpits and on the elbows, patches of leather can be sewn on.Leather or suede can be artificial (for example, from an old bag) and do not have to exactly match in color - these patches, if they are beautifully designed, can become decorative details.
To prevent the skirt or trousers from stretching, they must be ironed in a timely manner, and also let them “rest”, weather out after 2-3 days of wear. This also applies to other items of clothing, especially woolen and chemical fibers, since such clothing still absorbs odors (tobacco smoke, etc.) and becomes stale from this.
Jerseys should be stored neatly folded on shelves or in closet drawers. not on hangers. It is necessary to ensure that the hangers do not stretch the sleeves and the collar of the dress * The collar, if it stretches, sliding on the “shoulders”, can be fastened with a piece of braid. If the hanger is small or has sharp corners, attach cardboard wings to it. For skirts and trousers, special hangers are needed. Other items of clothing should not be placed on clothes with fur trim or a fur coat - the fur may wrinkle.”
To be continued
Elena Gennadievna Vasnetsova
The Complete Encyclopedia of Housekeeping
Foreword
Everyone wants to learn how to economically manage the household and create a cozy home in which your family would be happy. You should not hope that in your small Universe all difficulties will disappear over time, and life will turn into a continuous holiday. Housekeeping is daily, hard and diligent work. It depends only on you whether this work will be a joy or a burden to you.
The "Big Explanatory Dictionary" gives several definitions to the word "house", and one of them is: "family, people living together, one household." The family and household really have a lot to do with the building. It is necessary to invest both material resources and, most importantly, mental strength in their construction. A house cannot be built in one day. It takes a lot of time and building materials for a building to grow on a wasteland. But this is not enough! If you do not take care of the house, do not maintain order in every apartment, in every room, do not periodically overhaul, a beautiful building will simply fall apart.
In the same way, having “built” a family, you need to constantly, tirelessly, work on its preservation. You need to be ready for changes, not to be afraid of them, but to accept them with optimism, hope and joy.
Here is the Universal Encyclopedia of the Household. The purpose of this book is to help you in your daily worries. Perhaps you are a real ace in everything that concerns the creation of comfort and organization of life. This means that the "Universal Encyclopedia" will become your interlocutor, help you refresh your knowledge, and allow you to look at some aspects of housekeeping from a different angle.
Maybe you have just begun to master the role of the Master or Mistress of the House. In this case, let the "Encyclopedia" become your teacher, mentor, to whom you can turn with any question.
Therefore, we have tried to cover as many aspects of housekeeping as possible. This is one of the main advantages of the Universal Encyclopedia. You can buy ten books about home improvement, design, basic crafts, cleaning, or childcare. And you can buy only this "Encyclopedia" and find in it the most important information on all issues that interest you.
The "Universal Encyclopedia" consists of an introduction, 14 chapters, a conclusion and an alphabetical index. The book is structured in such a way that you can quickly and easily navigate through it.
At the beginning of the "Encyclopedia" its detailed contents are placed. Read it carefully. Not only are the titles of the chapters listed here, but also the titles of the sections of each chapter. We tried to make it easy to understand by these titles what will be discussed in one or another chapter, in one or another part of it.
Let this book become your reliable and faithful friend.
How to make your home comfortable
If there is a desire or an urgent need to improve your home, then it is not at all necessary to immediately look for a new apartment or start a major overhaul of the old one - it is quite possible to improve your home with the help of small changes that do not take much time and money and do not need a highly professional approach. It may seem surprising, but sometimes with some cosmetic manipulations, a little redevelopment and a change in the organization of space, amazing results can be achieved.
Visual increase in space
Usually in any dwelling there are rooms, separate places that seem too cramped. For example, a living room can be small or an elongated kitchen ceases to be cozy. If you overload the children's room with furniture, then it will also become cramped. But the problem of tightness is far from always explained by an unsuccessful layout - most often it is a matter of the peculiarities of a person's visual perception. Therefore, the shortcomings of architecture cannot serve as a reason for frustration, since they can be leveled out by competent design of the premises. It can be said in another way: in order for the rooms to seem spacious and comfortable, visual proportions must be observed. The main task when creating an interior is not to visually reduce the room.
A significant role in the design of rooms is played by their functionality, as well as the preferences of the owner. Be that as it may, there are tricks with which you can create the illusion of more space than what actually exists.
The low ceiling of a room can be designed in such a way that it seems endless. This can be facilitated by a stretch ceiling with a glossy surface and built-in spotlights, or a plasterboard construction with recesses painted in darker tones than the main background, then the room will appear higher. In different rooms, the ceiling height can also be different: for example, in the hallway it is lower, and in the living room it is higher, so that in the hallway the guests have the feeling that further they will see a freer space, where there is even more air. A very radical way to use the ceiling to increase space is to decorate with mirrors that create the illusion of infinity.
The mirrors used in the design of the walls allow them to be significantly "pushed apart", which is even a kind of magic trick - the dimensions of the room are significantly visually increased. Moreover, mirrors, in addition to reflecting space, reflect light and color, which seriously affects the perception of the interior and, with proper use, allows you to achieve a truly amazing effect. A full-length mirror will visually expand the room by 2 times. However, this tool requires careful calculation. The use of large mirror sheets should be extremely balanced, otherwise, instead of a cozy room, you may get a dance hall, and from numerous reflections you will feel dizzy and lose touch with reality. It is necessary to consult with a professional designer who will tell you how best to “mute” the mirror wall, dress it in fabric to form a kind of transition to the next room. In addition, if the walls (and even more so the ceiling) in the dining room are decorated with mirrors, then you need to be prepared for the fact that guests invited to dinner will be constantly distracted from food by their reflections.
In the matter of visual increase (or decrease) of space, the color scheme is of great importance. Knowledgeable people advise in small rooms to use calm light colors that do not “prick” the eyes: light pink, light blue, light green. It is necessary to avoid sharp contrasts, catchy shades, a dark depressing palette. It's no secret that thanks to the cool blue color, the illusion of some remoteness of objects arises, while the warm color, on the contrary, visually reduces the distance. Cool colors can make a room look bigger, but it will feel uncomfortable, so balance is important here, and it's best not to use dark and bright colors at all. In addition, we must remember that large patterns on the walls and ceiling reduce the space (if the patterns are large on one wall and small on the other, then this, on the contrary, creates the illusion of increasing space). Monotone wallpaper with vertical stripes adds height to the room, while wallpaper of different colors separated by a border reduces the space; light monotone wallpaper or wallpaper with small patterns visually enlarge the room.
To give the room more cheerfulness and spaciousness, the most shaded wall can be decorated with wallpaper of the same color as on other walls, but a tone lighter. In any case, it is recommended to give preference to the same plain and fairly simple patterns, because the more sophisticated and brighter they are, the smaller the room seems.
The most important influence on the features of the perception of the room is its illumination. It is light that reveals space; moreover, light creates space. Both natural light and artificial light are important. In the first case, the direct layout of the premises, the specifics of the building design, and orientation to the cardinal points are important. All this does not depend on the owners at the stage of home renovation. But in the second case, the initiators of the repair can influence the result by the correct selection of light sources and their location. If the space is small, then you should pay close attention to the built-in light sources, disguised local illumination. However, it is difficult to compete with real sunlight in this matter. To create the illusion of a visual increase in the size of the bathroom, first of all, a natural light source is needed, that is, a window, but if it is not there, they are content with built-in halogen lamps. In most residential areas where you do not want or cannot place built-in lamps, you can use a regular floor lamp, the light from which will spread in all directions and, reflected from the ceiling, will enliven the room.
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The main task of the Brief Encyclopedia of the Household is to help workers better organize their life and leisure. The encyclopedia gives the reader brief references and advice on how to cook tasty and quick lunch, breakfast and dinner, how to dress more practically and beautifully, create coziness, comfort and cleanliness of the home. The reader will find in the book information about the proper nutrition of adults, as well as medical and children's nutrition. It contains recipes and methods for preparing the most common dishes, and gives a description of various products. The encyclopedia acquaints the reader with devices, devices, fixtures, all kinds of household equipment and utensils that are put on sale or are scheduled for release. The book contains advice on the correct approach to the requirements of fashion, the skillful choice of clothes by women and men. Various fabrics are described, including newly produced ones, and their rational use is described. Reader...... Further
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You hold in your hands a book that has answers to almost any questions about housekeeping. Where to start the repair? How to arrange furniture correctly? How to keep the freshness of vegetables, fruits and berries? How to provide first aid and provide care for the sick? On those and many other questions will be answered by the book that you are now holding in your hands! With this book at hand, you can easily find the answer to any household question and replace it with a dozen books on repair, the basics of needlework, cleaning, family leisure and recreation. The encyclopedia will become your reliable friend, competent teacher and experienced mentor!... Further
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This edition has been prepared from six previous editions between 1959 and 1979; it has been significantly revised and updated with new information. The main task of the Brief Encyclopedia of the Household is to help Soviet people better organize their life and leisure. The encyclopedia acquaints the reader with devices, devices, fixtures, all kinds of household equipment and utensils that are put on sale. The book contains advice on the skillful choice of clothes, the right approach to the requirements of fashion. The reader will receive basic information about the construction of pattern drawings, about cutting and sewing clothes and linen, about knitting and embroidery, about caring for clothes. Articles about housing provide information on the selection and arrangement of furniture, on many items of apartment equipment, on the choice of wallpaper, on the best combinations of tones when painting walls, and on various types of residential repairs. The encyclopedia contains articles on the selection of a home library, collecting (badges, stamps, postcards and ...... Further
The book covers a wide range of topics related to housekeeping. Many useful tips are contained in the sections: "Our Home", "Garden and Garden", "Secrets of Culinary and Hospitality", "National Cuisine", "Foreign Cuisine". ... Further
Elena Vasnetsova
A lot of trouble awaits you in an independent life: how difficult it is not just to put things in order in the house, but to regularly maintain it, maneuvering between liters of borscht and tons of meatballs, mountains of dishes and icebergs of unironed linen, especially when family members and pets contribute to this chaos! Do not despair - our encyclopedia will help you become a model hostess: you will learn how to equip and repair a house, plan a budget, delight your family with a delicious table, easily cope with the little things and difficulties of everyday life, and even provide timely medical assistance in difficult situations!... Further
The main task of the BRIEF ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOUSEHOLDS is to help Soviet people better organize their life and leisure. The encyclopedia gives the reader brief references and advice on how to cook tasty and quick lunch, breakfast and dinner, how to dress more practically and beautifully, create coziness, comfort and cleanliness of the home. The reader will find in the book information about the proper nutrition of adults, as well as medical and children's nutrition. It contains recipes and methods for preparing the most common dishes, and gives a description of various products. The encyclopedia acquaints the reader with devices, devices, fixtures, all kinds of household equipment and utensils that are put on sale or are scheduled for release.... Further
Volume one. A-N. - 368 p., ill.
Volume two. O-Z - S. 371-772, ill.
EDITORIAL
The majestic program for building communism provides for the accelerated development of the national economy of the USSR and a significant increase in the well-being of the Soviet people. From year to year, industry, especially heavy industry, is expanding, the national income of the USSR is increasing, and the production of consumer goods is growing. Industry produces new types of goods; the number and range of products of the chemical industry are especially growing - fabrics made from synthetic fibers, shoes made from high-quality leather substitutes, and various plastic products. Millions of Soviet citizens receive apartments in newly built houses. Households are increasingly equipped with productive and convenient machines - refrigerators, washing machines, various electrical and gas appliances, which greatly facilitate many household chores.
In connection with the transfer of workers and employees in the country to a 7-hour and 6-hour working day, with a gradual transfer from 1964 to a 5-day working week, that is, with the establishment of two days off a week, Soviet people receive more time for cultural recreation. Sports, tourism and mountaineering are rapidly developing in the USSR. Medical care is improving, the network of rest houses and sanatoriums is expanding.
The main task of the Concise Encyclopedia of the Household is to help Soviet people better organize their life and leisure.
The encyclopedia gives the reader brief references and advice on how to cook tasty and quick lunch, breakfast and dinner, how to dress more practically and beautifully, create comfort, convenience and cleanliness in your home.
The reader will find in the book information about the proper nutrition of adults, as well as medical and children's nutrition. It contains recipes and methods for preparing the most common dishes, and gives a description of various products.
The encyclopedia acquaints the reader with devices, devices, fixtures, all kinds of household equipment and utensils that are put on sale or are scheduled for release.
The book contains advice on the correct approach to the requirements of fashion, the skillful choice of clothes by women and men. Various fabrics are described, including newly produced ones, and their rational use is described. The reader will receive basic information about the construction of pattern drawings, about cutting and sewing clothes and linen, about knitting and embroidery, caring for clothes, as well as some information about furs and fur products.
Articles about housing contain information on the selection and arrangement of furniture, on many items of apartment equipment and their repair, on the choice of wallpaper, combinations of colors when painting walls, on various types of repair of residential premises, and on summer cottages.
A significant number of articles are devoted to household hygiene, facial skin and hair care, mass sports and sports games. The book contains brief information about tourism, hunting, fishing, gives advice on first aid, as well as assistance for certain diseases and home care for the sick. A young mother will read articles on caring for a baby.
Fans of growing plants will find in the Encyclopedia articles about houseplants, landscaping yards, individual and collective gardening and horticulture. Pet lovers will receive information about keeping dogs, cats, pigeons, songbirds.
The book describes some home crafts and crafts, including making toys at home.
Readers will also find short legal notes on housing law, pensions and other everyday issues.
The Concise Encyclopedia is published in two volumes, which to a certain extent limits the number of published articles and their size.
About 200 specialists took part in compiling the book - doctors and candidates of sciences, employees of research institutes, engineers, doctors, commodity experts, fashion designers, sports figures, etc.
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