People's Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Far Eastern Republic (FER) - the ground Armed Forces of the Far Eastern Republic (FER), created in March 1920 on the basis of units of the East Siberian Soviet Army.

From March 1920 they were called the NRA of the Baikal region, from April 1920 - the NRA of Transbaikalia, from May 1920 - the NRA of the FER. In June 1921, the Headquarters of the NRA was created.

The main task assigned to the NRA was the return of the Far Eastern Territory of Soviet Russia and the destruction of the White rebel republics in Transbaikalia and the Amur region.

In April - May 1920, the NRA troops twice tried to change the situation in Transbaikalia in their favor, but due to a lack of forces, both operations ended unsuccessfully. By the autumn of 1920, thanks to the diplomatic efforts of the Far East, Japanese troops were withdrawn from Transbaikalia, and during the third Chita operation (October 1920), the troops of the Amur Front of the NRA and partisans defeated the White Rebel and Cossack troops of Ataman Semyonov, occupied Chita on October 22, 1920, and completed the annexation in early November. Transbaikalia to the Far East. The Far Eastern Army and the Cossack troops of the Far East were evacuated to Primorye. At the same time, Japanese troops were evacuated from Khabarovsk.

In May - August 1921, NRA troops, together with units of the Soviet 5th Separate Army and the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (under the command of Sukhe Bator), took part in hostilities in Mongolia against the White Guard troops under the command of Lieutenant General R. F. Ungern von Sternberg, who invaded Transbaikalia in May. Having repelled the attack of the Whites during long defensive battles, the Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive and in July-August completed their defeat on the territory of Mongolia, occupied its capital Urga (now Ulaanbaatar), and then the whole country. As a result of this operation, the security of the southern flank of the Far Eastern Republic was ensured, and Mongolia was proclaimed a people's republic.

On May 26, 1921, with the support of Japan, power in Vladivostok and Primorye, as a result of a coup, passed to a government formed by representatives of the white movement and non-socialist parties. Negotiations between the Far East and Japan on the settlement of relations did not produce results. In November 1921, the offensive of the Belopovstanskaya army began from Primorye to the north. On December 22, the White Guard troops occupied Khabarovsk and advanced west to the Volochaevka station of the Amur railway. After the offensive of the whites was stopped, they went on the defensive on the Volochaevka-Verkhnespassskaya line, creating a fortified area here.

On February 5, 1922, units of the NRA under the command of Vasily Blucher went on the offensive, threw back the advanced units of the enemy, went to the fortified area, and on February 10 began the assault on the Volochaevsky positions. For three days, with a 35-degree frost and deep snow cover, the NRA fighters continuously attacked the enemy, until on February 12 his defense was broken. On February 14, the NRA occupied Khabarovsk.

On October 4 - 25, 1922, the Primorsky operation was carried out - the last major operation of the Civil War. Having repelled the offensive of the White Guard Zemstvo rati under the command of Lieutenant General Dieterikhs, the NRA troops under the command of Uborevich launched a counteroffensive. On October 8-9, the Spassky fortified area was taken by storm. On October 13-14, in cooperation with the partisans on the outskirts of Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (now Ussuriysk), the main White Guard forces were defeated, and on October 19, the NRA troops reached Vladivostok, where there were still up to 20 thousand Japanese military personnel. On October 24, the Japanese command was forced to conclude an agreement with the government of the Far East on the withdrawal of its troops from the Far East. On October 25, units of the NRA and partisans entered Vladivostok. The remnants of the White Guard troops were evacuated abroad.

By order No. 653 of November 2, 1922, the Primorsky Corps was formed in the city of Chita for the troops of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic.

On November 22, 1922, after the FER joined the RSFSR, the NRA was renamed the 5th Army, which on July 1, 1923 was given the name of the Red Banner.

Sleeve insignia of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic on the example of cavalry units

By the spring of 1920, the offensive of the Red Army on the Eastern Front, which had been developing quite successfully until then, was suspended at the turn of Lake Baikal. Further advance could lead to a direct clash with the Japanese troops, who occupied the vast territories of the Russian Far East. To avoid a military conflict with Japan, the Soviets decided to create an officially independent and democratic state with a capitalist economic structure.
On October 6, 1920, the Constituent Congress of the "toilers and partisans" of the Baikal region announced the creation of the Far Eastern Republic (FER).
The Republic was proclaimed on April 6, 1920 by the Constituent Congress of the workers of the Baikal region. The capital of the Far Eastern Republic was originally proclaimed Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude), and from October 1920 it became Chita. The FER included the Trans-Baikal, Amur, Primorsky regions (including Kamchatka and Chukotka) and Northern Sakhalin, although in fact at that time the FER controlled the Amur region, the Khabarovsk district and the Baikal region.
The armed forces of the new state were formed from local partisan detachments and Kolchak units that had gone over to the side of the Soviet government, which, back in January 1920, were consolidated into the East Siberian Army of the Red Army, on March 11, renamed the People's Revolutionary Army of the Baikal Region (from mid-April - Transbaikalia) . The final name - the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic (NRA FER) - this formation received in mid-May.
Two military districts were created on the territory of the republic - the Trans-Baikal and the Amur. On November 1, 1920, the NRA included: the 1st and 2nd Amur, 1st and 2nd Irkutsk rifle divisions, the Amur cavalry brigade, the Trans-Baikal cavalry division (total 40,800 people). On May 1, 1921 - the 1st Chita, 2nd Verkhneudinsk, 3rd Amur and 4th Blagoveshchensk rifle divisions, the Trans-Baikal cavalry division, the 1st Troitskosavskaya, 2nd Sretenskaya and 3rd Khabarovsk cavalry brigades (total 36100 people). On October 1, 1921, the NRA had 3 rifle divisions and 1 cavalry brigade (a total of 19,800 people).
There was no specific uniform in the NRA, just as there was none at that time in the "main" Red Army. It is obvious that the existing stocks of the old Russian army, civilian and paramilitary clothing were used - all this is clearly visible in the photographs. On April 30, 1920, a government commission was established to supply the NRA. On May 18, at a meeting of this commission, it was noted that the supply was weak: there was not enough uniforms, especially overcoats and hats. It was decided to make them from the blankets available in the warehouse.
On November 30, 1920, by order of the military department of the FER No. 62, insignia were established for the personnel of the NRA in the form of a rhombic-shaped patch, designed to be worn on the left sleeve. This sign was a red and blue rhombus (11x7.5 cm), repeating the colors of the flag of the Far East. In the upper, red part, there was a stencil image of the rising sun (the whole composition symbolized the sunrise over the Pacific Ocean) and the letters N.R.A. On the lower, blue part, official position signs were sewn, cut out of red fabric: narrow 10 mm wide, medium - 15 mm, wide - 25 mm. In the order, the corner stripes (chevrons) are shown as if they were made from two sewn segments. Judging by the photographs, the stripes were cut out entirely and, of course, had no seam. In different branches of the military, the name of the official categories was different (as was customary in the Red Army). In the captions to the illustrations, we give only the main ones. In the lower corner, the emblem of the military branch was stenciled with yellow paint (these signs could well have been metal or embroidered).
It is curious that the introduction of insignia caused serious dissatisfaction among the former partisans, who said: "You sew diamonds on our sleeves, and then gradually move them to our shoulders and return us to shoulder straps." The commanders calmed the fighters, frightened by this prospect, frankly referring to the order of Moscow.
As for the cockade mentioned by Postyshev, no order for its establishment has been found. In the newsreel footage of the NRA parade, obscure cockades, similar in shape to the former Russian ones, are visible on the caps of the commanders. By the way, many of them, who transferred to the NRA from the Red Army, continued to wear Red Army stars and badges of commanders.

AVIATION AND MILITARY COMMUNICATION SERVICE OF THE RKKA, PEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY ARMY OF THE FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC (NRA FER), 1918-1922

Military pilots and observers, as a rule, wore the old uniforms of Russian aviation. For flights and airfield service, the Reds used special uniforms, which consisted of a helmet (often it was replaced by a cap or cap), leather jackets and trousers; on caps, old aviation emblems more often remained, but without crowns. On the sleeves they usually wore patches depicting aviation emblems: a double-headed eagle with a propeller in its claws or a propeller with wings.

The sleeve insignia of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East, the description of which was announced in the order of the Military Ministry of the Far East for June 5, No. 44, had the shape of a rhombus (11 x 7.5 cm). The upper half of the sign is red, the lower half is blue (the colors of the flag of the Far East). The top stencil showed a golden rising sun with red letters "NRA" on it. On the lower half there were red stripes of various widths, which served to designate positions. In the lower corner were placed emblems (overhead or stencil) according to the type of weapon.

Emblems of military branches or Red Army stars were placed on the band of the cap. Judging by the memoirs, the introduction of sleeve rhombuses and cockades caused discontent among the former partisans, who formed the backbone of the NRA, but gradually it disappeared ... It should be noted that so far no order to establish cockades has been found, but cockades similar in shape to the cockades of the former Russian army, worn on caps by commanders who also used red stars and badges of the Red Army. On December 27, 1920, order No. 127 announced a description of the badge for headgear - a golden red star with relief rays, in the center of it on a red-blue circle there were intersecting golden pickles and an anchor.

According to the order of the Military Council of the NRA and the Fleet of the Far Eastern Republic No. 126 dated February 24, 1922, the personnel of the units awarded the Order of the Red Banner were given award sleeve insignia, where the sun was embroidered with gold, the letters "N.R.A." and signs of official position (possibly, not gold embroidery was used, but galloon).

On August 22, 1919, by order of the RVSR, an armband was introduced for the commandants of railway sections, stations and wharves and an armband for military communications employees. The first was a red cloth strip 12 cm wide, in the center of which a black velvet rhombus (8 x 12 cm) was sewn. It was embroidered with a white (silver) railway wheel with two wings. The rhombus had a border: green - for commandants and dark yellow - for political commissars with them. The armband was worn on duty on the left sleeve. The sleeve insignia of military communications employees was the same rhombus as that of station commandants, sewn on the left sleeve of clothing above the elbow.

1. Cadet of the military command courses of the Red Army in an overcoat, 1918-1922.
2. Graduate of the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, 1919-1922.
3. Machine-gun instructor for red cadets as a company commander, 1919-1922.

In accordance with the above categories, military sailors of command, administrative and political staff wore insignia:
VIII and IX categories - one wide braid with one curl;
X and XI categories - one wide and one narrow braid;
XII and XIII categories - two wide braids;
XIV and XV categories - two wide and one narrow braid;
XVI category - three wide braids;
XVII and XVIII categories - three wide and one narrow braid;
having no ranks - four wide braids.
The specialties were distinguished by colors as follows:
the combatant composition of the fleet - without bulging;
shipbuilding specialty - red;
mechanical - brown;
medical - white;
hydrographic - blue;
port employees - green;
employees of the naval court - pale pink.
The width of the narrow braid is 1/4 inch (0.6 cm);
wide - 1/2 inch (1.2 cm).

TANK TROOPS OF THE FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC

Source: Armada No. 14, 1999. M. Kolomiets, I. Moshchansky, S. Romadin. Tanks of the Civil War.

In March 1920, ten Renault tanks were delivered to Vladivostok by American troops. They were in closed wagons under the guise of "help from the American Red Cross." With the help of a railway engineer and a wagon coupler who sympathized with the Bolsheviks, the wagons with tanks were replaced with empty ones, and the tanks themselves, disguised as a train with bread, went to Blagoveshchensk to the red partisans.
All tanks had no weapons, magnetos and fan belts. By the summer of 1920, some of the vehicles were put in order and armed with 37-mm Hotchkiss cannons, Maxim and Hotchkiss machine guns. At the same time, the crew of each tank was three (!) Persons. It should be noted that in order to protect machine gun barrels from bullets and shrapnel in battle, rather large armored "cheeks" were mounted on the towers. The towers equipped with such "cheeks" did not have a circular rotation, since the additional armor clung to the roof of the engine compartment. In August, these Renault tanks formed the 1st Amur Heavy Tank Division (five platoons of two tanks each and an economic team), which became part of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic (NRA FER). The composition of the division (on June 15, 1920) was as follows:
1st platoon - tanks No. 9254 "Merciless" and No. 9141 "International";
2nd platoon - tanks No. 4320 "Sivuch" and No. 9108 "Sharp";
3rd platoon - tanks No. 9446 "Lazo" and No.? "Mukhin";
4th platoon - tanks No. 9092 "Revolutionary" and No. 1871 "Thunderstorm";
5th platoon - tanks No. 1930 "Amurets" and No. 9096 "Avenger".
On September 20, 1920, the division commander N. Shamrai reported to the headquarters of the Amur Front of the Far East on the state of the unit entrusted to him:
“I report that at present there are six tanks in Blagoveshchensk, of which five are in good order and one is disassembled under repair. But due to the lack of patented (that is, "proprietary" French - ed.) fan belts and incomplete armament of the tank, these cannot be used in action. The armament of the tank is as follows:
1) two tanks, in the absence of weapons, are completely unarmed;
2) two tanks, each armed with one 37-mm Japanese rapid-fire gun, which do not have mainsprings. The order for the springs was made urgently at the Chevurin plant, and after the manufacture of such, the guns can be put into action;
3) two tanks, each armed with one machine gun: systems "Hotchkiss" and "Maxim". There are no spare parts for the Maxim machine gun, such as: a barrel and a lock. At present, there are: 350 shells, 5000 cartridges for the Hotchkiss machine gun and 250 cartridges with only one tape for the Maxim machine gun.
In the summer-autumn of 1920, tanks in platoons acted against the Whites as part of the troops of the Amur Front. The division commander N. Shamrai developed the “Instruction for the introduction of tanks into battle in a field situation”, excerpts from which we give:
“The most important circumstance of introducing a tank into battle is the condition, if possible, for them to go a short distance to the place of battle, so that the tanks can go a long distance on their own in battle. Tanks inflict a serious defeat and a huge moral impression on the enemy only in the amount of a few pieces, it is not allowed to send one vehicle into battle.
Apparently, the "moral impression" was the main purpose in the action of tanks. After all, no one in Transbaikalia has ever seen such "steel monsters". For example, on October 19, 1920, units of the 5th Amur Brigade of the NRA FER, with the support of the tanks of the 3rd platoon, attacked the whites at the Urulga station. The Whites opened heavy artillery and machine-gun fire, but the appearance of the tanks made a stunning impression on them, and they retreated in disarray. The station was taken by the FER infantry without loss.
The tanks of the division were used in battles during 1921, and on some vehicles the original armament was replaced with another one. By the end of the year, all Renaults were out of order due to a lack of spare parts and special tools. Therefore, in December 1921, by decision of the military council of the NRA FER, the tanks were sent for repairs to Russia. Only the 2nd platoon "due to the prevailing combat situation" was left in the NRA. According to the report of the head of the armored units of the NRA, “the platoon includes two tanks of the French type “Babe”. The Zorki is armed with a Hotchkiss machine gun with an elongated cavalry butt (cartridges in clips), the Sivuch is armed with a Maxim machine gun. Of the repair and disassembly tool, there is only one French key. There are absolutely no spare parts."
By January 28, 1922, only one tank, the Zorkiy, was repaired, which left for the front the next day. On February 9, by order of the head of the Eastern Front of the Far East, the tank was sent to Volochaevka, where on February 10 it was attached to the Special Amur Regiment and sent to the rifle chain. But due to the onset of darkness and heavy machine-gun fire from the whites, the regiment retreated to its original position. "Zorkiy" was left at the enemy's barbed wire, in order to launch an offensive together with the infantry in the morning. At dawn on February 11, the Whites noticed the tank and opened fire on it from the Kappelevets armored train, which was stationed at the Volochaevka station. One of the shells from the armored train near the tank broke the steering wheel, and the car stood up. Another shell pierced through both sides, almost destroying the crew. After that, the driver and machine gunners abandoned the tank, blowing up the gas tank with grenades. Thus ended the combat service of the tanks of the Amur partisans.

Good selection! Thank you. I have a grandmother from Spassk and every summer I spent there in adolescence))).
there is very little material on the civil war in the Far East, and it is generally difficult to find something detailed.
Basically, all sources are post-war, on every page "liberate ... - .. from white oppressors ..- land for peasants .. factories - workers ..., communism." Well, something like this. And detailed, detailed - nothing.
According to "white" sources, the same thing - everything detailed to Irkutsk / to Omsk, well, to Baikal. And Khabarovsk \ Vladivostok is just a gap.
Maybe there is a detailed material on the storming of Spassk? Judging by the description, there were several forts (built by the Japanese), which the Reds took in turn, I also did not find maps anywhere. In general, late imperial maps in the Far East are a rarity.

Click to reveal...

I agree. I would also read on the Black Buffer (Amur Zemsky Territory), for example.

1922 Minister of Foreign Affairs N. D. Merkulov , Admiral G. K. Stark , ChairmanS. D. Merkulov.

Good selection! Thank you. I have a grandmother from Spassk and every summer I spent there in adolescence))).
there is very little material on the civil war in the Far East, and it is generally difficult to find something detailed.
Basically, all sources are post-war, on every page "liberate ... - .. from white oppressors ..- land for peasants .. factories - workers ..., communism." Well, something like this. And detailed, detailed - nothing.
According to "white" sources, the same thing - everything detailed to Irkutsk / to Omsk, well, to Baikal. And Khabarovsk \ Vladivostok is just a gap.
Maybe there is a detailed material on the storming of Spassk? Judging by the description, there were several forts (built by the Japanese), which the Reds took in turn, I also did not find maps anywhere. In general, late imperial maps in the Far East are a rarity.

Click to reveal...

I don’t know how relevant the information is, but I decided to add on the topic.

On October 25, 1922, the bloody Civil War ended in Soviet Russia. From October 4 to October 25, 1922, the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic (land armed forces of the DRV, formed in March 1920 on the basis of formations of the East Siberian Soviet Army) carried out an offensive Primorsky operation. It ended in complete success, the white troops were defeated and fled, and the Japanese were evacuated from Vladivostok. It was the last significant operation of the Civil War.

The People's Revolutionary Army of the DRA under the command of Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich repulsed in September the attack of the "Zemskaya rati" (the so-called armed forces of the Amur Zemsky Territory, formed from the White Guard troops located in Primorye) under the command of Lieutenant General Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterichs and in October went on the counteroffensive. On October 8-9, the Spassky fortified area was taken by storm, where the most combat-ready Volga group of the Zemstvo rati under the command of General Viktor Mikhailovich Molchanov was defeated. On October 13-14, the NRA, in cooperation with the partisans on the outskirts of Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, defeated the main forces of the White Guards. By October 16, the "Zemskaya rat" was completely defeated, its remnants retreated to the Korean border or began to be evacuated through Vladivostok. On October 19, the Red Army reached Vladivostok, where up to 20 thousand servicemen of the Japanese army were based. On October 24, the Japanese command was forced to conclude an agreement with the government of the DRV on the withdrawal of its troops from South Primorye.

The last ships with the remnants of the White Guard units and the Japanese left the city on October 25. At four o'clock in the afternoon on October 25, 1922, units of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic entered Vladivostok. The Civil War ended in Russia. In three weeks the Far East will become an integral part of the Soviet Republic. On November 4 - 15, 1922, at the session of the People's Assembly of the Far East, a decision was made to dissolve itself and restore Soviet power in the Far East. The NRA commanders also supported the People's Assembly. On November 15, the DRV was included in the RSFSR as the Far Eastern Region.

The situation in Primorye in the summer - autumn of 1922

From the middle of 1922, the last stage of the struggle against the White Guards and interventionists in the Far East began. The situation in the East changed dramatically in favor of Soviet Russia. The defeat of the White Guards near Volochaevka in February greatly shook the position of the Japanese in Primorye. The victorious end of the Civil War in the European part of Russia, a turning point in the foreign policy area - Soviet Russia was emerging from isolation, a series of diplomatic and economic negotiations with capitalist countries began, all this had an impact on the policy of the Japanese government towards Russia.

The American government, in order to earn points in the field of "peacekeeping" (after the failure of its own military adventure in Russia) and convinced of the uselessness of the Japanese presence in the Far East for Washington, began to put strong pressure on Tokyo, demanding the withdrawal of troops from the Russian Primorye. The United States did not want to strengthen the position of the Japanese Empire in the Asia-Pacific region, as they themselves wanted to dominate in this region.

In addition, the situation in Japan itself was not the best. The economic crisis, huge spending on intervention - they reached 1.5 billion yen, human losses, low return on expansion into Russian lands, caused a sharp increase in public discontent. The internal political situation was not in the best way for the "party of war". Economic problems, the growth of the tax burden led to an increase in protest moods in the country. In the summer of 1922, the Communist Party was established in Japan, which began to work on the creation of the League of Struggle against Intervention. Various anti-war societies appear in the country, in particular, the Society for Rapprochement with Soviet Russia, the Non-Intervention Association, etc.

As a result of the political situation unfavorable for the Japanese military party, Takahashi's cabinet resigned. The Minister of War and the Chief of the General Staff also resigned. The new government, headed by Admiral Kato, who represented the interests of the “sea party”, which was inclined to transfer the center of gravity of the expansion of the Japanese Empire from the shores of Primorye to the Pacific Ocean, to the south, issued a statement on the cessation of hostilities in Primorye.

On September 4, 1922, a new conference began in Changchun, which was attended by a joint delegation of the RSFSR and the Far East, on the one hand, and a delegation of the Empire of Japan, on the other. The Soviet delegation immediately presented the main condition for conducting further negotiations with Japan - to immediately clear all territories of the Far East from Japanese forces. The Japanese representative Matsudaira evaded a direct answer to this condition. Only after the Soviet delegation decided to leave the conference did the Japanese side declare that the evacuation of Japanese troops from Primorye had already been decided. However, the Japanese refused to withdraw troops from Northern Sakhalin. They were going to keep him as compensation for the "Nikolaev incident." So, they called the armed conflict between the red partisans, white and Japanese troops, which took place in 1920 in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. On the night of April 4-5, 1920, it was used by the Japanese command to attack the bodies of the Soviet administration and military garrisons in the Far East.

The delegation of the RSFSR and the Far East demanded the withdrawal of troops from all Soviet territories. Negotiations reached an impasse and on September 19 were interrupted. After the resumption of negotiations, both sides continued to insist on their demands. Then the representatives of the DRV proposed to investigate the "Nikolaev events" and discuss them on the merits. The Japanese authorities could not agree to this, because the provocative behavior of the Japanese military could be revealed. The head of the Japanese delegation stated that the Japanese government could not enter into the details of the "Nikolaev events", since the governments of the RSFSR and the Far East were not recognized by Japan. As a result, on September 26, negotiations were again interrupted. In reality, the talks in Changchun were supposed to be a cover for preparing a new military operation against the DRV.

The situation in the Amur Zemsky Territory was unstable. The government of Spiridon Merkulov discredited itself even in the eyes of the local bourgeoisie by “selling” to the Japanese the Ussuri railway, the port on Egersheld, the Suchansky coal mines, the Far Eastern shipbuilding plant, etc. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Vladivostok even demanded that all power be transferred to the “People’s Assembly”. The government was unable to organize an effective fight against partisan detachments. The partisan movement in the summer - autumn of 1922 took on a significant scope in Southern Primorye. Red partisans raided Japanese posts, military depots, destroyed communications, communication lines, attacked military echelons. In fact, by autumn, the Japanese were forced to withdraw from the countryside, holding only the railroad and cities.

Fermentation also went on in the camp of the Whites. The Kappelites supported the "People's Assembly", which declared the government of the Merkulovs deposed. The Semyonovnas continued to support the Merkulovs (the brother of the chairman, Nikolai Merkulov, served as Minister of Naval and Foreign Affairs), who, in turn, issued a decree dissolving the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the People's Assembly. The "People's Assembly" established its own cabinet of ministers, and then decided to combine the functions of the chairman of the new government and the commander of the armed forces of Primorye. In fact, it was about creating a military dictatorship. General Mikhail Diterikhs was invited to this post. He was the commander of the Siberian Army, the Eastern Front and the chief of staff of A.V. Kolchak. After the defeat of Kolchak, he left for Harbin. He was an ardent monarchist and a supporter of the revival of pre-Petrine social and political orders in Russia. Initially, he agreed with the Merkulovs and confirmed their power in the Amur Zemsky Territory. The People's Assembly was dissolved. On June 28, the "Zemsky Sobor" was assembled. On July 23, 1922, at the Zemsky Sobor in Vladivostok, M. Diterikhs was elected the Ruler of the Far East and the Zemsky Voivode - the commander of the Zemstvo Army (it was created on the basis of the White Guard detachments). The Japanese were asked for weapons and ammunition, and a delay in the evacuation of Japanese troops. By September 1922, the reorganization and armament of the "Zemskaya rati" were completed, and General Dieterikhs announced a campaign against the DRV under the slogan "For Faith, Tsar Michael and Holy Russia."

State of the People's Revolutionary Army (NAR) by the autumn of 1922

From the Consolidated and Chita brigades, the 2nd Amur Rifle Division was formed as part of three regiments: the 4th Volochaev Order of the Red Banner, the 5th Amur and the 6th Khabarovsk. It also included the Troitskosava Cavalry Regiment, a light artillery battalion of 76-mm cannons with 3 batteries, a howitzer battalion of two batteries, and an engineer battalion. The commander of the 2nd Amur Rifle Division was also the commander of the Amur Military District, he was subordinate to the Blagoveshchensk fortified area, an armored train division (comprising three armored trains - No. 2, 8 and 9), an aviation detachment and two border cavalry divisions. The Trans-Baikal Cavalry Division was reorganized into the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade.

The command reserve included the 1st Trans-Baikal Rifle Division, consisting of the 1st Chita, 2nd Nerchinsk and 3rd Verkhneudinsky regiments. By the beginning of the Primorsky operation, the regular units of the NRA numbered over 15 thousand bayonets and sabers, 42 guns and 431 machine guns. The NRA relied on the help of the 5th Red Banner Army, located in Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia.

In addition, the partisan military regions were subordinate to the NRA command: Suchansky, Spassky, Anuchinsky, Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, Olginsky, Imansky and Prikhankaysky. They had at their disposal up to 5 thousand fighters. They were led by a specially created Military Council of Partisan Detachments of Primorye under the command of A.K. Flegontov, then he was replaced by M. Volsky.

Japanese evacuation begins. "Zemskaya rat" Diterichs and its September offensive

The Japanese, delaying their evacuation, decided to carry it out in three stages. On the first - to withdraw troops from the outskirts of Primorye, on the second - to evacuate the garrisons from Grodekovo and Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, on the third - to leave Vladivostok. The commander of the Japanese Expeditionary Force, General Tachibana, suggested that Dieterichs take advantage of this time to fortify himself and strike at the DRV. At the end of August, the Japanese began to gradually withdraw their troops from Spassk to the south. At the same time, the White Guards began to occupy the areas cleared by the Japanese, to take from them the fortifications, the weapons left behind.

In September, the Zemsky army consisted of about 8 thousand bayonets and sabers, 24 guns, 81 machine guns and 4 armored trains. It was based on units of the former Far Eastern Army, which were previously part of the armies of General V. O. Kappel and Ataman G. M. Semenov. The Zemstvo army was subdivided into: The Volga group of General V.M. Molchanov (more than 2.6 thousand bayonets and sabers); Siberian group of General I.S. Smolin (1 thousand people); Siberian Cossack group of General Borodin (more than 900 people); Far Eastern Cossack group of General F.L. Glebov (more than 1 thousand); reserve and technical parts (more than 2.2 thousand).

Dieterikhs' attempts to increase the "army" through mobilization generally failed. The workers and peasants did not want to fight, they hid in the taiga and on the hills. The bulk of the bourgeois youth preferred to escape in Harbin, which was inaccessible to the Bolsheviks, and not to defend the Amur Zemsky Territory. Therefore, although the backbone of the “rati” consisted of the remnants of the Kappel and Semenov troops who had vast combat experience, there was no one to replace them.

On September 1, the vanguard of the "zemstvo rati" - the Volga group, supported by two armored trains, launched an offensive in the northern direction. The Whites sought to capture the railway bridge across the Ussuri River in the area of ​​st. Ussuri and attacked in two main directions: along the Ussuri railway and to the east of it - along the line of the settlements of Runovka - Olkhovka - Uspenka, then along the valley of the river. Ussuri on Tekhmenevo and Glazovka. In the second direction, White planned to go into the flank and rear of the Reds. By this time, the NRA had not yet concentrated its forces, which were scattered over a thousand-kilometer space, covering the operational directions that were far from each other (the Manchurian and Ussuri directions). As a result, the white units, having a numerical advantage, pushed back the reds and on September 6 captured st. Shmakovka and Uspenka. On September 7, after a fierce battle, the Reds retreated even further north to the Ussuri River to the Medveditsky-Glazovka line. At the same time, the Siberian group and the Siberian Cossack group of generals Smolin and Borodin began hostilities against the partisans - the Prikhankaysky, Lpuchinsky, Suchansky and Nikolsk-Ussuriysk military regions.

Soon, units of the Red Army regrouped, received reinforcements, and launched a counteroffensive; on September 14, they again occupied Art. Shmakovka and Uspenka. The Whites withdrew to the Kraevsky junction area, Art. Oviagino. As a result, White actually returned to his original positions. The White command did not have sufficient forces to develop the offensive and, having received information about the beginning of the concentration of NRA troops in Primorye, preferred to go on the defensive.

On September 15, Dieterikhs held a “Far Eastern National Congress” in Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, where he called on “to give a decisive battle to the communists on the last free piece of land” and asked the Japanese not to rush to evacuate. To help Diterichs, a special body was elected - the "Council of the Congress". A decree was issued on general mobilization and a large emergency tax was introduced on the commercial and industrial strata of the population of Primorye for military needs. The Siberian Cossack group of General Borodin was ordered to defeat the Anuchinsky partisan region in order to provide the rear of the Zemskaya rati. None of these activities were fully implemented. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry announced a lack of funds, the population of the region was in no hurry to "replenish the Zemstvo Army" and engage in a "decisive battle with the communists."

"Zemskaya rat" by the beginning of the offensive of the Red Army had in its composition about 15.5 thousand bayonets and sabers, 32 guns, 750 machine guns, 4 armored trains and 11 aircraft. Her weapons and ammunition were replenished at the expense of the Japanese army.

seaside operation

By the end of September, parts of the 2nd Amur Division and the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade were concentrated in the area of ​​​​st. Shmakovka and Art. Ussuri. They formed a strike force under the overall command of the commander of the 2nd Amur Division, M. M. Olshansky, who was replaced in early October by Ya. Z. Pokus. The 1st Trans-Baikal Division, following the railroad in echelons and along the Amur and Ussuri rivers on steamboats, passed Khabarovsk and moved south. This division became part of the reserve command of the NRA.

According to the plan of the command, the immediate task of the operation was the liquidation of the Volga group of the enemy in the area of ​​st. Sviyagino. The Red Army was supposed to prevent its retreat to Spassk, and then, with the assistance of partisan detachments, defeat the Spassky White group and develop an offensive in a southerly direction. The strike was to be delivered on October 5 by two groups of troops. The first - the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade and the 5th Amur Regiment, reinforced by 4 guns, was supposed to strike around the railway track from the east. The second - the 6th Khabarovsk Rifle Regiment and the Troitskosavsky Cavalry Regiment, with a light artillery battalion and two armored trains, had the task of advancing along the Ussuri railroad. The rest of the units remained in reserve.

The commander of the partisans, Mikhail Petrovich Volsky, his detachments were reinforced by a special detachment under the command of Gyultshof, received an order to defeat the enemy units located in the Anuchino-Ivanovka area at all costs. And then concentrate the main forces in the Chernyshevka area for an offensive in the general direction at st. Flour and exit to the rear of the Spassky group "Zemskoy rati". In addition, the partisans had to stop from October 7 the railway communication between Nikolsk-Ussuriysky and Art. Evgenievka.

The first stage of the operation (October 4-7). In the morning, the Reds went on the offensive along the railway and, after a stubborn 2-hour battle, captured the Kraevsky junction. On October 5, Duhovsky was captured. On October 6, the 6th Khabarovsk and Troitskosavsky regiments launched an attack on st. Sviyagino. On the same day, the Volga region group of Zemskaya rati in full force, with the support of two armored trains, launched a counteroffensive, trying to bring down the offensive impulse of the Reds and seize the initiative in their own hands. At Sviyagino, a fierce oncoming battle flared up. Furious firefight, developing into hand-to-hand combat, continued until late in the evening.

General Molchanov, making sure that the red units could not be overturned and fearing a bypass of the right flank, decided to withdraw the troops to Spassk, to already prepared positions. The Whites retreated, hiding behind the fire of armored trains, artillery and machine-gun teams, destroying the railway tracks. This withdrawal became possible, because the bypassing group could not reach the flank and rear of the Volga group of whites in time. As a result, the Whites withdrew calmly to Spassk.

Yakov Pokus, trying to correct the mistake, decided to attack Spassk on the move. On the morning of October 7, the order was given to attack and capture Spassk by evening. However, the troops were already tired from previous battles and marches, and could not fulfill this order.

During the 1st stage, the NRA was able to move south by almost 50 km and capture an important enemy defense point - st. Sviyagino. But it was not possible to complete the main task - to destroy the Volga grouping of the enemy. The Whites, although they suffered heavy losses, left and entrenched themselves on a new, well-fortified line of the Spassky fortified area.

The second stage (October 8-9). Spassky operation. The Spassky fortified area was built by the Japanese in 1921. Being in a 40-kilometer defile between about. Khanka and the western spurs of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, the fortified area was supposed to close the entrance to South Primorye. The fortified area was designed for a garrison of one division and had seven field-type forts, they were interconnected by trenches, with dugouts, protected by wire barriers in 3-5 rows and were able to support each other with fire. The Japanese handed over the fortified area to the whites with all the equipment in a condition suitable for long-term defense. The Spassky fortified area from the east and west was not accessible to bypass by large formations, it had to be taken by storm. The mistake of the white command was that it was in no hurry to transfer reinforcements to the Volga region group, relying on the power of the defensive structures and waiting for further moves by the NRA. With a more numerous garrison, the Spassky fortified area could hold out longer.

The plan of the Spassky operation was as follows. Vostretsov’s group (the 5th Amur Rifle Regiment, the Troitskosavsky Cavalry Regiment and the divisional school of junior command personnel of the 2nd Amur Division) was supposed to attack Fort No. 3 from the Slavyanka area and capture Spassk, while the Reds pinned down the White forces in the railway direction Khabarovsk regiment and foot division of the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade). The 6th Khabarovsk Regiment was to attack Fort No. 1 and the northwestern outskirts of Spassk. The Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade received the task of breaking through the village of Prokhory to the rear of the enemy.

The Khabarovsk regiment launched an attack early in the morning, and after a long, fierce battle, by 1700, it was able to break into the northwestern outskirts of Spassk. However, it was not possible to build on success and capture Fort No. 1. The Whites repulsed the assault with strong artillery and machine-gun fire. A night attack on the fort was also unsuccessful. The Red Army soldiers were forced to withdraw in order to avoid unnecessary losses, retaining their positions in the north-west of the city.

Vostretsov's group acted even less successfully. The 5th Amur Regiment struck between Khvalynka and Slavyanka, trying to break through between forts No. 2 and 3. But the Red Army stumbled upon wire fences and were subjected to heavy flanking fire from fort No. 3. The Reds were forced to retreat. An attempt to break through the Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade was also repulsed.

These attacks showed that it was impossible to take a fortified area on the move. It is necessary first to suppress the firing points of the Whites with artillery fire, to punch holes in the barbed wire. In the afternoon, 20 guns were concentrated and fire was opened on Fort No. 3. After a 5-hour artillery shelling, the 5th Amur Regiment launched a new attack and captured the fort at 23:00. At night, the whites made three counterattacks trying to recapture the fortification, but they were repulsed. The remnants of the white garrison of Fort No. 3 withdrew to the outskirts of the city and entrenched themselves in the military camp.

At night, vigorous preparations were made to continue the assault on the Spassky fortified area. The 6th Khabarovsk Regiment was still aimed at Fort No. 1 and was given the task of capturing the northern part of Spassk. Vostretsov's group was supposed to take possession of the military camp. The Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade was supposed to carry out the same task - to go to the rear of the Whites.

On the morning of October 9, after a short artillery preparation, the Reds went on the assault. However, White repelled attacks in all directions. The Red Army soldiers were forced to withdraw, and the command again resorted to artillery fire. For an hour, artillery hit the identified enemy firing points. At about 10 o'clock, the red units went on a new assault. On the left flank, the Troitskosava Cavalry Regiment, together with the divisional school, were able to break into Dubovskaya and drove out the white cavalry squad from there. Developing success, the red cavalrymen and cadets reached the village of Krasnokuty and captured it at about 14:00.

At the same time, the 6th Khabarovsk Regiment, after a stubborn battle, was able to break into Fort No. 1 and captured the northern part of Spassk. The Red Army soldiers, developing the offensive, pushed the enemy back to the cement plant on the southern outskirts of the city. At the same time, units of the Khabarovsk and Amur regiments captured Fort No. 2 and Art. Evgenievka. The main forces of the Amur regiment captured the military town. Strengthening the onslaught, the command in the middle of the day brought the 4th Volochaevsky regiment from the reserve into battle. He grabbed the last fortification of the Whites on the eastern front of the defense - Fort No. 5.

As a result, by 2 p.m. 30 min. the whites lost five out of seven forts and, subjected to constant attacks from the north and east, were forced to leave the city. Forts No. 6 and 7 were under the threat of encirclement, so they were left without a fight. The Volga group began to retreat to the south, hiding behind a barrier of 600 bayonets and armored trains. The attacks of the Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade were repulsed, and with great difficulty the Whites were able to leave in the direction of Art. Flour. The partisans were unable to complete the task of blocking the Volga group, because they were connected by battles with the Siberian Cossack group of General Borodin.

The Volga group lost about 1 thousand people, three batteries and an armored train in the battle for Spassk. The People's Revolutionary Army, after the capture of the Spassky fortified region, received wider opportunities for an offensive in South Primorye.

Third stage (October 10-15). The defeat of the main forces of the Zemstvo rati. To develop the offensive, it was necessary to ensure freedom of action in two main operational directions: 1) along the Ussuri railway) and 2) on Grodekovo. So, during the offensive of the NRA on Nikolsk-Ussuriysk, the white command could hit the red flank with the help of the Siberian group of General I.S. Smolin, reinforcing it with the Far Eastern group of General F. L. Glebov and reinforcements from Vladivostok. In the event of a strike by the main forces of the People's Revolutionary Army on Grodekovo, the Whites got the opportunity to conduct a counteroffensive in the Nikolsk-Ussuri direction, using for this the remnants of the Volga group, the Siberian Cossack group of General Borodin, reinforcing them with the Far Eastern group of General Glebov, forces from Vladivostok and two armored trains.

Therefore, Uborevich, after the capture of Spassk, set the following tasks for the troops:

By the morning of October 12, the 2nd Amur Rifle Division was supposed to capture the area of ​​​​Chalkidon, Monastyrishche;

A separate Far Eastern cavalry brigade received the task of occupying crossings across the Lefa River and reaching the Vadimovka area;

The 1st Trans-Baikal Division during October 12-13 was supposed to concentrate in the Altynovka area, art. Flour, Chernigovka.

As a result, the NRA could respond to a threat from any direction, having a significant reserve in the rear - the 1st Trans-Baikal Rifle Division.

At this time, the Volga group, reinforced by parts of the Siberian Cossack group of General Borodin, tried to stop the advance of the Reds. On October 10, there was a battle at the turn of Altynovka - Dmitrovka. On October 11, the vanguard of the 2nd Amur Division - the 6th Khabarovsk Regiment, fought a heavy battle for several hours on the line of st. Flour - Chernigovka. The Whites were driven back only after the main forces of the division approached. On October 12, the Reds shot down the Whites from the third position near the village. Chalcedon. On the night of October 13, the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade, which was advancing on the left flank of the 2nd Amur Division, crossed to the Grodekovo direction and, having crossed the Lefa, captured Vadimovka with a fight.

After that, the commander-in-chief of the NRA, assuming that the Whites would retreat to the Grodekovo area and could launch a counterattack from this direction, decided on the morning of October 14 to launch the main attack on the Grodekovo direction. However, the final decision was postponed until new data became available.

The White command unraveled the plan of the Reds and decided to strike along the railway. To accomplish this task, the Far Eastern Cossack group of General F.L. Glebov and all reserves from Vladivostok. On October 13, the whites went on the offensive in the direction of the Monastery and Chalcedon with two groups of troops. The left grouping, consisting of 2.3 thousand bayonets and sabers with 28 machine guns and 5 guns, was supposed to deliver the main blow, moving along the Ussuri railroad. The right grouping, numbering up to 1.5 bayonets and sabers, had the task of covering the left flank of the 2nd Amur Division, and moving east of the railway from Lyalichi to the Monastery. The White Guards were able to push back the 5th Amur Regiment over the river on the railway. Monastyrka, seize the Manzovka junction and take a height advantageous for the development of a further counteroffensive to the southeast of Monastyrishche.

This White counter-offensive showed the NRA command that their main forces were concentrated in the Nikolsk-Ussuri direction. The offensive plan was changed. The Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade was ordered to move from Vadimovka through Luchki, bypassing the left wing of the enemy and hit Voznesensky. The 1st Trans-Baikal Division was also aimed at Voznesenskoye. The 2nd Amur Division was to deliver the main blow to the right wing of the Whites and go around them from the east. The partisans were given the task of advancing from the Anuchino region to Lyalichi and destroying the railway bridge across the river. Lefu in the Kremovo area in order to cut off the enemy's escape routes to the south. The offensive began on the morning of 14 October.

A separate Far Eastern cavalry brigade captured Luchki with a quick blow and continued the attack on Voznesenskoye. At the same time, the 1st Trans-Baikal Rifle Division was advancing on Voznesenskoye, overturning the White units opposing it. The White Guards, facing blows from two sides, could not hold Voznesenskoye, and at about 12 o'clock it was occupied by the Red Army. On the left wing, the battle was more difficult. The Whites were the first to attack in the direction of the Monastyrishche, intending to strike at the rear of the 1st Trans-Baikal Division. However, the group of whites (more than 2 thousand people) stumbled upon the stubborn resistance of the divisional school (240 cadets). The cadets repulsed 4 enemy attacks, destroying more than six hundred enemies. There are 67 cadets left (the government will award everyone with the Order of the Red Banner). The Whites, having learned about the fall of Voznesensky, this threatened them with the loss of the opportunity to retreat to the south, abandoned further struggle near the Monastery and retreated to Lyalichi. However, they could not hold out in Lyalichi either, and by the end of the day, the Reds also occupied Kremovo.

As a result of the battle near Voznesensky and near the Monastery, the NRA defeated the main forces of the "Zemskaya rati", its bloodless and demoralized remnants no longer represented a single powerful force. The only thing left to do was to complete the liberation of Primorye from the Whites and interventionists.

Fourth stage (October 15-25). Completion of the operation. The command of the NRA sent the Amur division to the south with the aim of capturing Nikolsk-Ussuriysk, and the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade and the 1st Trans-Baikal Division to the Galenka-Grodekovo region. On October 15, the Soviet cavalrymen, having traveled up to 30 km, occupied Galenka, cutting off the retreat routes of the enemy's Siberian grouping. On October 16, the 1st Trans-Baikal Division defeated the Siberian group of General Smolin and occupied Grodekovo.

The 2nd Amur Division, moving south, occupied Nikolsk-Ussuriysky on October 15. The finally demoralized whites at Razdolnoe divided into two groups, one began to retreat to the Korean border (to Posyet), the other to Vladivostok. Therefore, from Razdolnoye, the 2nd Amur Division was sent to Posyet, and the 1st Transbaikal Division was sent from Grodekovo to Vladivostok.

On October 19, at about 1 pm, the 1st Trans-Baikal Division was already 9 km from Vladivostok. Here the NRA encountered the Japanese, who blocked the way to the city. The Japanese command began to threaten that in the event of a conflict between parts of the NRA and Japanese troops, the evacuation would be stopped. The Military Council of the People's Revolutionary Army called on the troops to withdraw a few kilometers and wait for further instructions. At this time, the Japanese and opponents of the Soviet government loaded valuables and equipment onto ships, destroyed fortifications, ammunition depots, and drowned the property that they could not take away. Dieterichs left the city on a Japanese steamer (left for China and lived until his death in Shanghai).

On October 22, the governments of the RSFSR and the DRV appealed to the Japanese government to protest against the delay in the evacuation of troops from Vladivostok, blaming Tokyo for the anarchy and destruction of the city. On October 24, the Japanese signed an agreement on the cleansing of the city and adjacent territories no later than 4 p.m. on October 25, 1922. On October 25, units of the Red Army solemnly entered Vladivostok.

On November 13, 1922, the People's Assembly of the DRV decided to establish Soviet power in the entire Russian Far East and asked the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Congress of Soviets to annex the Far East to the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. On November 16, 1922, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee declared the Far Eastern Republic an indivisible constituent part of the RSFSR.

In 1923, the last White detachments in the Far East were liquidated. So, so-called. The “Siberian Volunteer Squad”, numbering about 750 people, under the command of Generals Anatoly Pepelyaev and Vasily Rakitin, landed in the port of Ayan in September 1922 and undertook a trip deep into Yakutia. In February 1923, the Whites reached the village of Amginiskaya (180 km southeast of Yakutsk), where they were stopped by a detachment of the Red Army. During attempts to break through to Yakutsk, Pepelyaev's detachment lost half of its composition and retreated to Ayan and Okhotsk. In June, Okhotsk and Ayan were occupied by the red detachment of Vostretsov, who sailed from Vladivostok. Rakitin, not wanting to be captured, committed suicide, Pepelyaev surrendered (executed in 1938). Back in April 1923, the small White Guard detachments of Bochkarev and Polyakov, who operated in the north of the Kamchatka region, were destroyed. The five-year struggle ended with the victory of Soviet power in the Far East.

Caption on the back of the photo: Armored train No. 9 after the assault on Volochaevka on vacation. In memory of dear grandchildren Natasha and Pavlik and great granddaughter Oksanochka from grandfather Afanasy Gavrilovich Zinchenko. 19/II-1922
The assault on Volochaevka, which went down in history as the Volochaevsky battle, was a battle between units of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic and the White Rebel Army of the Provisional Amur Government, which took place on February 5-14, 1922. The defeat of the White Rebel Army in this battle was a prologue to the final defeat of the forces of the White movement in the Far East.
Armored train No. 9 is one of three armored trains at the disposal of the People's Revolutionary Army.

I found a photograph of my grandfather: Skorubsky Nikolai Ivanovich, who in the Far Eastern Republic was an assistant to Lapin Albert Yanovich. But rather, I was interested in the signs in the buttonholes. Such "jackdaws", apparently, were only in the Far East. Couldn't find their ranking anywhere. Can you help me get acquainted with the whole scale and history of these insignias?

Military doctors and paramedics wore on their badges a special distinction in the form of a white rhombus or circle, respectively, with a red border and a red (blue for veterinarians) cross.
Military commissars and political enlightenment workers did not have stripes according to their position. At the bottom of the rhombus they had a red star, on which an open book and a flaming torch were painted with oil paint.
Monograms were attached or painted under the book: "V.K." - for military commissars and "P.R." - for political enlighteners. In one of the photographs (which could not be reproduced due to low quality), the author saw a commissar's sleeve insignia with a metal star (it seems yellow - from a Japanese cap).
The military personnel of headquarters, departments and institutions wore sleeve insignia with a white edging, while artillerymen (which was not specified in the order) - with a black one.
It is curious that the introduction of insignia caused serious discontent among the former partisans. One of the organizers of the NRA, P.P. Postyshev recalled: “How many grievances there were ... about the renaming of the Red Army into the People's Army. We were ordered to take off the stars (red - A.S.), fasten cockades on our caps and put diamonds on our sleeves. There were even those who said: “You are sewing diamonds on our sleeves, and then gradually move them to our shoulders and return us to shoulder straps.” The commanders calmed the fighters, frightened by this prospect, frankly referring to the order of Moscow.
As for the cockade mentioned by Postyshev, no order for its establishment has been found. In the newsreel footage of the NRA parade, obscure cockades, similar in shape to the former Russian ones, are visible on the caps of the commanders.
By the way, many of them, who transferred to the NRA from the Red Army, continued to wear Red Army stars and badges of commanders.
On December 27, 1920, in an order for the military department, a description of the badge for the headdress of the people's army was announced, approved by the government of the Far East on December 8. The sign was a faceted five-pointed star (32 mm in diameter) of golden color, in the center of which there was a circle consisting of two halves: red and blue. In the middle of the circle there are crossed pickles and a golden anchor.
According to the order of the Military Council of the People's Revolutionary Army and Fleet of the Far East Republic No. 126 dated February 24, 1922, the personnel of the units awarded the Order of the Red Banner (6th separate rifle Volochaevsky regiment, 3rd separate light battery and armored train No. 8) were equipped with sleeve signs on which the sun, letters NRA and official position signs (stripes) were embroidered with gold (we allowed ourselves to assume that in the latter case, not gold embroidery was used, but galloon - which is simpler and more technologically advanced).
After the liberation of the Far East, the “state” that had fulfilled its purpose was abolished, and its territory was included in the RSFSR. By order of the RVSR of December 16, 1922, the NRA joined the 5th Army of the Red Army. All servicemen were given uniforms and insignia of the Red Army.

Insignia of the military personnel of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Political Center (Order on the troops of the NRA No. 15 of January 9, 1920).