Studying the world atlas, I became interested in the states bordering our country, their total number and system of divisions. It turned out that Russia shares its borders with eighteen countries. And such borders include not only land, but also maritime territories.

In addition, it turned out that neighboring states are divided into types: first and second order. I would like to tell about the essence of this division.

What are the neighboring countries like?

First of all, you need to understand who is called the neighbors of the first and second order.

Neighbours first order- these are the countries with which we have immediate borders. Neighbours second- states, bordering countries of the first order. Etc. Thus, neighbors of the third and fourth order are distinguished.

At the same time, in order to be enrolled in the ranks of first-order neighbors, it is not at all necessary to have direct land borders with the country. Both river and sea types of borders are quite suitable.

Russia's neighbors of the first order

Returning directly to the list of countries, it is worth highlighting:

• China;
• USA;
• Mongolia;
• Norway;
• Lithuania;
• Kazakhstan;
• Ukraine;
• North Korea;
• Azerbaijan;
• Japan
• Latvia;
• Finland;
• Estonia;
• South Ossetia;
• Poland
• Abkhazia.

As well as Belarus and Ukraine. In total, there are eighteen neighboring countries of the first order.

Russia's neighbors of the second order

But there are many more of them. After all, they include all countries that have common borders with the above states. An example is:

• Sweden;
• Kyrgyzstan;
• Czech Republic;
• India;
• Tajikistan;
• Afghanistan;
• Turkey;
• Moldova;
• Romania;
• Germany;
• Slovakia;
• the Republic of Korea;
• Armenia.

Etc. It is in this way that the system of states bordering each other is built and subdivided. With all our neighbors, we, one way or another, are connected by strong diplomatic and economic relations.

It is worth noting that the length of the Russian border is more than 60 thousand kilometers. And 38 of them are water borders. Our longest land border is with Kazakhstan (more than 7,500 kilometers), and the least with South Ossetia (about 70 kilometers).

June 15, 2014

At different times, Russia's neighbors were different. The largest country in the world has the largest number of states bordering it: 18 countries - poor and rich, weak and powerful, friendly and not so friendly.

The total length of the border with them is approaching 70 thousand kilometers. History changed, some states became part of Russia, others left it. This is a mandatory process when changing the political system.

Russia's neighbors such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia are unrecognized republics; The USA and Japan have only water borders with the great power. 38 of the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation located along its borders are adjacent to one, two, or three states. Such regions rich in foreign neighbors include the Altai Territory (Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia) and the Pskov region (neighbors Estonia, Latvia, Belarus).

Neighbors with a common border

All states located in close proximity are divided into neighbors of the first and second order. Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and 2 countries with maritime borders - the USA and Japan - all of them belong to the concept of "Russia's neighbors of the first order ”. There are very few synonyms for the word denoting a state bordering a country. And these names are subjective - mezhak, pripolshchik, shaber. At the time of the Warsaw Pact, the countries included in it could be called sister cities. The same was true for China and North Korea. It is not easy to explain which countries are Russia's second-tier neighbors. Without fear of tautology, we can say that these are the neighbors of the first, above-mentioned states. There are 22 land borders in this case, and 2 sea ones.

The longest maritime borders in the world

The largest country has the longest maritime borders in the world. A distance of almost 20,000 kilometers is the northern outskirts of Russia, stretching along the shores of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. The second longest maritime border runs in the east, washed by the Pacific Ocean.

Neighbors to the south

Russia's southern neighbors are Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The longest land border with Kazakhstan also passes in the south, the importance of which for our country can hardly be overestimated. The republic occupies the 9th place in the world in terms of territory, and the first among large countries that do not have access to the oceans. The capital is the newly rebuilt city of Astana. The border between Europe and Asia passes through the territory of the republic. Located at the junction of two worlds, rich in fertile lands and minerals, the country absorbs all the best and is developing rapidly. Kazakhstan is a member of the Customs Union, and in the full sense of the word justifies the concept of "Russia's close neighbors".

Partner countries

Of course, China is a special neighbor for Russia, and not only because the economy of this country, according to forecasts, by the end of 2014 will become the first in the world. The country ranks first in the list of Russia's Neighbors in Asia and is a strategic partner of our country. Good-neighborly relations between Beijing and Moscow, without exaggeration, play a crucial role on the world stage and contribute to the establishment of a new world order. These two powers have many internal contradictions and problems, and it is also better to overcome them using mutual experience.

Good relations with neighbors - state policy

It is very important for the Russian Federation to have good relations with all border countries. Their establishment and strengthening is the state policy. Unfortunately, Russia's southern neighbors, such as Azerbaijan and Georgia, are not entirely peaceful. Mongolia and Russia have been living side by side in friendship and harmony for a thousand years. A wonderful film by N. Mikhalkov "Urga - the territory of love" can serve as a picture of this relationship. China and Russia are not just close borders of this country, they are its only neighbors. Therefore, peace and mutual understanding in this triune union is so important. It is no less important in relations with the self-proclaimed South Ossetia and Abkhazia, for which, in general, the whole future is connected only with Russia.

northern neighbors

As noted above, the longest border of our state runs along the shores of the northern seas - Laptev, Kara, East Siberian, White and Barents. The marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean is located between Russia and Alaska, a semi-esclave of the United States. Thus, Russia's northern neighbors are countries located along the shores of the Arctic. These include Iceland, Norway, Denmark (Greenland), the United States of America and Canada.

The Arctic Ocean had a lot of names. At different times it was called Northern, Scythian, Tatar. On Russian maps of the 17th-18th centuries, it also had several designations - the Sea-Ocean, the Arctic, the Polar Sea, etc. It was named Hyperborean in 1650 by the geographer Varenius. The Far North has long been considered the birthplace of the god of cold winds, Boreas, and therefore the name of the ocean was appropriate. The prefix "hyper" refers to its size. It is on its shores that all the northern neighbors of Russia are located. even at the North Pole, which is located in the center of the Arctic Ocean (this name was adopted in 1935), the flag of Russia is installed. And Norway is both a northern and a western border state.

Neighbors in the West

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus are Russia's western neighbors. Two of them, namely Lithuania and Poland, are bordered by a semi-esclave (a territory that does not have a common border with the country, but goes to the sea) - the Kaliningrad region. With all the countries of this list, except for Belarus, which is a member of the Customs Union and is a good close neighbor, Russia has been at war in different periods of time. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, its former Baltic republics, despite their more than modest capabilities in absolutely all areas, are unfriendly. But only income from tourists from Russia can significantly replenish their budget.

Russia is a good profitable neighbor

We have to state with regret that not all territorially close neighbors of Russia are its friends. History teaches nothing... No matter how much people fill their foreheads, stepping on the same rake, they still forget that "a bad peace is better than a good war"; that the clear benefits of peaceful coexistence are being lost; that post-war complexes are terrible, and then whole peoples are cured of them for a very long time; that it is worth listening to the advice of your own seers.
Russia is a great, distinctive, rich country, and good relations with it can bring invaluable dividends to reasonable neighbors.

Summing up

So, Russia's western neighbors of the first order are Norway and Finland, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Second order - Sweden, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.

The southern neighbors of the first order are represented by the following countries: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The neighboring countries of the second order are Moldova, Turkey and Iran. These include 4 former Soviet republics - Armenia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. As well as Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and the Republic of Korea.

In the east, Russia has two neighbors of the first order at the extreme northern and southern points, the border with which runs along the sea - the USA and Japan.

The north remains. Here the first-order neighbor is Canada and the second-order neighbor is Mexico.

It turns out that Denmark and Iceland, although they are located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, are not Russia's neighbors at all.

Although the historical Rudny Altai is Barnaul, Zmeinogorsk, Salair, Kolyvan, nowadays Rudny Altai is by default called the extreme north-east of Kazakhstan, the "small" East Kazakhstan region before its unification with Semipalatinsk. Maybe because Altai is still Rudny here: lead, zinc and most of the periodic table are mined here. Ridder, former Leninogorsk, a small industrial city (49 thousand inhabitants) 120 kilometers from the regional Ust-Kamenogorsk, is considered to be the heart of this region. Ridder - the most mountainous in Rudny Altai or the most ore in Gorny Altai? In any case, this is the most ethnically Russian city in Kazakhstan - the Kazakhs here make up only 13% of the population.

The history of Rudny Altai was once told in Barnaul and Zmeinogorsk. The first expeditions in search of silver came to Kolyvan back in the 17th century, but only the expedition, which was equipped by the "iron king" of the Urals Akinfiy Demidov, was successful. The fact is that in the Urals there were all the resources and technologies for minting coins, and for example, a state-owned one, when a convoy with a salary for workers got stuck in the gullies, simply minted a salary on the spot. Demidov, of course, glancing at this, decided "but why am I worse?" and began work in this direction, and there were many legends about the counterfeit Demidov coin and the flooded cellars with serfs in the Urals. Rudny Altai is the son of the Gornozavodsky Ural: in 1723, the lands in its foothills were transferred to the ownership of the Demidovs as the Kolyvano-Voskresensky mining district. In 1726, the Kolyvansky plant started working, in 1737 - in 1744 -. With the death of Akinfiy Demidov in 1745, the project stalled, but the mines had already been explored, the infrastructure had been created, communications had been established - and the State, which needed more silver, got down to business. Factories in what was then Russia were divided according to the form of ownership into 3 categories: private, state-owned and office. With the first two, everything is generally clear, but the third ones were not even the property of the state, but personally of the sovereign-emperor, controlled by the Cabinet of His Majesty, and Rudny Altai became the cabinet. Officials, oddly enough, turned out to be stronger business executives in Altai than merchants: in 20 years, silver production increased from 44 to 1300 (!) Poods per year. Dozens of factories, mines and related enterprises such as grinding mills (in our words, stone-cutting factories) appeared on the Ob and Tom. The "center of gravity" of the Rudny Altai during its heyday was in the current Altai Territory and the Kemerovo Region, but still the richest mines were found closer to the Irtysh. In 1786, at the foot of the Ivanovsky Ridge in the Zmeinogorsky district, a mining officer, Philip Ridder, explored a large lead-zinc deposit. Soon bonded peasants, Old Believers "Poles" and convicts were driven there, and the Ridder mine began to work at full capacity.

But the end of the entire Altai industry was swift and inglorious: that the Gornozavodsk Urals, that the Rudny Altai “slept through” the steam revolution, and although the construction of new mines, dams and factories was in full swing in the first half of the 19th century, the Russian water industry could no longer compete with advanced British technology. By the middle of the century, inertia was over, and the Rudny Altai was a pitiful sight, working with the latest technology from the time of Catherine II. Somehow it all survived only due to not even cheapness, but the slavery of the labor force, this robotization of past eras ... With the abolition of serfdom, the authorities calculated how much they would have to pay hired workers, but grabbed their heads and decided that it was easier to bury all this . The mines and factories of Altai began to close one by one, and by the end of the 19th century, Altai was practically deindustrialized. Barnaul or Zmeinogorsk, Salair or Suzun, as metallurgical centers, could no longer be revived. But in the wake of the industrial boom of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, foreign investors became interested in the Southern Altai. In 1903, the Austrian company "Thurn und Taxis" tried to revive the Ridder mine, but in fact it was only enough until 1907. In 1911, the tsarist government officially terminated the contract with her, transferring Riddersk to the ubiquitous Briton Leslie Urquhart, whose most famous brainchild was Karabash. Under Urquhart, things at the Ridder mine took off, literally and figuratively, and soon there was a revolution, and industrialization was intercepted by the Soviets. From the village of Riddersky, in 1927, the working settlement of Ridder was formed, in 1934 it became a city, and in 1941, for obvious reasons, it was renamed Leninogorsk. Leninogorsk he remained in the memory of many, and although the name Ridder is more sonorous, shorter and easier for the Kazakh ear, in Altai many call it the old fashioned way. The city became Ridder again in 2002, and it took so long to rename it because there were other options: I could write now not about Ridder, but about Kunaev. If Nursultan Nazarbayev left the ferrous metallurgy of Temirtau, then the previous Elbasy Dinmukhammed Akhmedovich was engaged in polymetals and during the war he was the director of the Ridder mine. And this position was much more important than it seems: during the war years, 80% of Soviet lead was mined here, that is, most of the bullets and shells fired at the enemies "flew" from here.
The former Leninogorsk is a Soviet city in appearance, but even after Ust-Kamenogorsk it impresses with the total predominance of Slavic faces. Such, perhaps, were the cities of Northern Kazakhstan under the Soviets:

The bus, meanwhile, drove through almost the entire Ridder and stopped in the Old Town - the uppermost area in front of the mine. A couple of hundred meters from the bus station is St. Nicholas Church, rebuilt from the bank building (1939). It was equipped as a temple in 1997, and a high bell tower was built on in 2010, and the fact that the construction of a large white cathedral in the city center did not continue is perhaps the most visual difference between Ridder and Russian cities. Behind the temple, pay attention - a high dump:

I was much more puzzled by the house with a mezzanine near the temple. Alas, the property of the Kazakh Altai is an extreme lack of information about architectural monuments, so I have not found a single line about the origin of this house. But after the mining backwoods of the Urals, I am almost sure that this is some kind of house of a mining chief or a factory management of the early 19th century. However, as he writes makeev_dv , I was mistaken - this is a typical house for 2 apartments according to the project of 1949.

The lane where it stands leads to the main street of Kurek in the Old City, which the old people called the Stick - they drove through the system of the wronged workers. Riddersk was a large settlement (3-4 thousand inhabitants in the 1850s - this is more than many cities), but like any other settlement in Rudny Altai, it was an incredibly gloomy place, in fact, a legal labor camp, where assigned workers had a position it was worse than the convicts - they will work out their own and go free, and this will work until the end of their days, or at least until they are completely sick. Only in 1849, this penal servitude, upon the fact of birth, had a term of 35 years, from 1852 - 25 years, and there it was not far before the collapse of Rudny Altai. The children of the workers in the documents were listed as "mountain youngsters" and entered the service from the age of 12, but in fact, in our country, as in Dickensian England, child labor was exploited. Children crushed ore, and measured the size of the pieces with their mouths, which, to put it mildly, did not benefit their health. Many terrible stories about the local past were told to me in - most actively in search of Belovodye, people fled from the "cabinet" lands. For example, once a boss put 13 workers in a vat of ice water. because they overfulfilled the plan- not for long, so that it was disrespectful, but he was distracted by some guests. When, two hours later, he remembered the workers, seven of them died, and the remaining five did not begin to be pumped out, but, arguing that "they will reach there," they carried them to the death room. More reliable is the case when the boss immured the obstinate old man by the name of Maltsev alive in an old adit. If an accident happened in the mine, someone could very well slander himself in the murder in order to leave the mines altogether after years of hard labor. Well, as the end of all these horrors - the work schedule: for 12 hours a day, the workers worked one week during the day, the second week at night, and on the third week they rested ... and it's easy, I think, to guess how they rested. Everyone drank in Rudny Altai - both old and small, and kerzhak, and Kazakh. History, with a description of the working order, . And although the huts themselves along Stick Street were most likely built later, perhaps under Urquhart, the road of stick strikes itself remained.

But the architraves on many houses are good, and not very reminiscent of the gloomy past:

At the end of the street - school number 12 built in the 1930s:

I was puzzled by the entrance with a turntable - they usually make these where cattle roam, and here, in addition to the turntable, there is also a whole obstacle course with a single bridge.

Opposite the school there are several barracks of the same years, but with an individual entrance to each apartment. The industrial zone hugs Ridder from two sides, and those pipes belong to the Leninogorsk polymetallic plant near the center:

And the Ridder GOK hangs over the Old City from the other side, systematically devouring the domed mountain. The set of metals is generally the same - zinc, lead, copper and antimony, a little - silver and gold.

And in general, the whole Old Ridder looks something like this - black huts, lush greenery, muddy mud underfoot, fogs on the mountains and smoke above the chimneys. We walked a circle along the secondary streets, but what differed from the previous shots was only this hoopoe, followed by a cat from the alley:

At the other (relative to the school) end of Kurek Street, constructivism suddenly showed up. On one side of the street is a former factory-kitchen:

On the other - Chetyrka, a four-story House of specialists and mine authorities (1933):

Moreover, I would say that this is the best (in its current, not original form) monument of constructivism in Kazakhstan. Because Kazakhstan is amazingly poor in this style - I can immediately recall several buildings (but those are hopelessly and repeatedly done), DKZD in, some stations and some other little things. This house among them - if not the most perfect, then certainly the most authentic.

Behind the house is a monument. I don’t know if only two workers perished in the local mines in a hundred years, or if it’s just a monument to only one tragedy. On May 26, 1929, a fire broke out in the Sokolny mine, the old foreman Vasily Priezzhev died, and then the rescuer Ivan Nemykh, who participated in his search, died.

The monument is turned into a park, and the park in Old Ridder is quite extensive, but it is an incredibly pathetic sight. Actually, half of the park is already gone - only wastelands between rare trees, and on these wastelands a Kazakh woman with a couple of children grazed two cows. I really wanted to take a picture of them, but they apparently understood how it looked from the outside, so any of my glances in their direction turned into a much closer look of them in my direction. Whether the cow understands the command "face!", I did not want to check.

From the park we again went to the bus station and walked slowly down Kirova Street, leading to the city center through the floodplain of the Bystrushka and Khariuzovka rivers built up with the same huts. On the way - a funny house-turtle of Stalin's times:

And carved houses with platbands:

A drunk was lying on the bank of one of the rivers near the bridge, and we tried to cheer him up - it was still not hot at all, and at night he had every chance not to catch a cold like that. It was not possible to push him away, and a couple of passers-by, to whom we turned, sullenly answered "what have we got to do with it?". I did not call anyone, but maybe it was right - three hours later, driving past the same place to the bus station, I did not find a drunken body by the river.

Meanwhile, beyond Khariuzovskaya, the border of the Old City is already visible - the huts are replaced by Stalins:

The center is no longer the village of Riddersky, but the city of Leninogorsk, opens with a powerful stalin with stucco and a peeling date:

Opposite is the lyceum building, decorated with mosaics:

And the next house from the 1930s...

He looks at the powerful crossroads of 5 directions, marked by a monument to Kirov. To the right, Pobeda and Bezgolosva streets lead to the station, and the greenery on the left is the beginning of the boulevard on Independence Avenue:

On opposite sides of its beginning there are a pair of symmetrical houses, the left of which is siding almost to the top. But I photographed not so much him as snow clouds on the mountains - an amazing sight for a dweller of the plains:

Then we go down Victory Street. Almost at the monument to Kirov - the former school number 8. Despite the "pioneer" badge and the Russian-language inscription, it is called "Shanyrak", and now it is Kazakh, and moreover, it is pontoon - passing by at the end of the lessons, we saw exclusively Asian faces, and parents came for many children in very good cars. There are few Kazakhs in Ridder, but more in all sorts of positions.

I was attracted in this direction by a tall brick chimney of a completely pre-revolutionary appearance. The building in the foreground is the Kazzinc office, and something from the 1930s may well be hiding under the siding:

I wanted to see where the pipe was growing from, but nothing interesting was found there. The building, which looks like an old warehouse, is a completely obvious remake. The pipe belonged to the bathhouse!

Pobeda Street led us to a quiet train station. The first horse-drawn narrow-gauge railway from here to Ust-Kamenogorsk with its Irtysh port was extended by Leslie Urquhart in 1916. A full-fledged railway was built in 1934-37, and at that time it was clearly one of the most difficult (per kilometer) in the Soviet Union. Its station was originally called Ridder, but even with the return of the historical name to the city, it remained Leninogorsk. Three trains leave from here - to Ust-Kamenogorsk (Zashchita station), to Astana and, suddenly, to Tomsk, as a reminder that the Ridder volost was part of the Zmeinogorsk district of the Tomsk province. The locals unanimously call this route "political", which is supported to be ... but we know that this is not about Russian Railways.

At the station, cows wedged into traffic:

At some distance - a boardwalk hut. This is Chapaev Street, a kind of "internal bypass" of the center, leading along the railway to the local entrance Baiterek. Frames No. 13 (where wooden sculptures are carved) are also from her.

We went back to the center. The hospital building, despite its restrained appearance, is post-war, according to a standard project of 1948 - in general, I have noticed more than once that in the first years after the war in the USSR, constructivism was revived for a short time, and without being officially called that:

The Ridder yard is quite ordinary, not counting the snow-capped mountains in the distance:

Coming out on Independence Avenue, I saw in the square behind it a low building, similar to a pre-revolutionary house. But having reasoned that there was nowhere to take a pre-revolutionary woman in this part of the city, and therefore there was probably a remake there, and I was tired and hungry, so I did not approach him. It turned out - very in vain, since this is the only official architectural monument in Ridder - the old library, and now the office of the Party, built according to the project of the exiled Pole Franz Ivanchuk. It was not the tsarist authorities from the Privislensky provinces who exiled him, but the Soviets from Moscow in the 1930s, and in Ridder Ivanchuk became the chief architect of the "high Stalinism" era. But he managed to build this library before the war. In general, we didn’t come to her in vain - only a terrible old photo is found on the Internet:

1930s and the cinema named after Mayakovsky, although it has long been no longer a cinema, but a furniture store:

Stalinkas along the boulevard are getting more powerful:

And as I understand it, the whole further ensemble is also the brainchild of Ivanchuk:

The avenue leads to a huge (100 by 600 meters) Independence Square, piercing its side:

A little beyond the square there was a cafe "Lakomka", a good old Soviet canteen, which turned out to be an unexpectedly pleasant place - the food is delicious, and there is Wi-Fi, and next to us, well-groomed-looking Russian women were sitting around a laptop and, apparently, were brainstorming what some project.

From the side of the Ulba Ridge on the square - the Palace of Culture and, apparently on the pedestal of Ilyich, a modest monument to Philip Ridder with the inscription "This mine was opened by me on the very Trinity Day of May, 31 days." There is another drunken man on the bench, but we did not disturb this one - the place is crowded, someone will react.

Against the background of the Ivanovsky ridge - a square with sculptures of marals, bears and dancing Kazakh women:

Behind him is the Eternal Flame. In Altai, these monuments are often made in a ring (Barnaul, Slavgorod) - because the brave guys from the village in Altai, without whom front-line prose is indispensable, did not descend from the mountains of the Altai Republic, but came from Barnaul villages and East Kazakhstan mining depths. And all the names can not fit on a straight wall:

At the end of the square there are five-story buildings with constructivist-looking ends, although judging by the dates on the fronts, they were built in the 1960s:

Gagarin Avenue, on which the Eternal Flame stands, is also the last street, followed by the Sokolok park climbing the hills:

The hills near the city stadium are also treeless, and of course we climbed up to admire the city from there. This is what Ridder looks like from a height, and looking ahead I’ll say that it looks like small Ust-Kamenogorsk or big Zyryanovsk - the cities of Rudny Altai, although each with its own characteristics, are generally similar, like relatives. And always - with high smoking chimneys against the backdrop of mountains.

LPK (Leninogorsk polymetallic plant) was built in the late 1930s with the launch of the railway. Pay attention (this is better seen in the frame above) how the mountain is bald in the direction of the smoke:

Behind the hills there are several more small areas. The Gromotukha valley cuts deep into the Ivanovsky Range. Ridder is not only a mining town, but also a ski town, and it seems to be not bad even in this sense.

More to the left, from behind the hill, a mosque appeared, by the way, named after Kunaev, and behind it, the newest and most colorful 6th microdistrict in the city. This is not accidental: Kazakhization differs from Ukrainization in that it is done quietly, but smartly - for example, through a resettlement program from the south to the north of the country. Kuchma or Yushchenko did not think of creating conditions for the mass movement of Galicians to Crimea, but Nazarbayev, with his "Galicia" () and "Crimea" (Altai), organized this. In these houses, Kazakhs-southerners received most of the apartments:

The end of the hill is gnawed by a quarry, behind which are all sorts of stadiums and swimming pools ... and the prospect of the Ulba valley. The woman in the foreground, seeing our cameras, tried to tell us something about the barbaric cutting down of public gardens... but realizing that we were not journalists, she apologized. A common case in general in non-tourist places is a camera as a sign to someone of a terrorist, to someone of a journalist.

Having descended from the hill, we returned to Gagarin Avenue. In its last quarters, ordinary Khrushchevs:

Only Seiyaas realized that I don’t remember in Ridder any monuments to either Abai, or Abylai, or other heroes of Kazakh history. Maybe they are, but not in the most prominent places. And here is a monument to the Afghans with a shot through star:

And under construction, judging by the appearance very slowly, a chapel-monument:

But the most interesting thing here is the thick pipes through which, as if through a canal, a lot of bridges are thrown - somewhere capital, and somewhere from improvised materials. . And the funny thing is that this is really a canal: the pipes belong to the Leninogorsk cascade of HPPs - one of the most interesting projects at the dawn of GOELRO. In general, Rudny Altai is the cradle of Russian hydropower, and the first Bystrushinskaya hydroelectric power station in Ridder (1916) was by no means the first in these parts at all. In 1925-30, the Verkhne-Khariuzovskaya and Nizhne-Kharizouvskaya HPPs were added to it, in 1931-37 - the much more powerful Ulbinskaya HPP, and in 1949 - the Tishinskaya HPP, which replaced Bystrushinskaya and Nizhne-Khariuzovskaya. It turned out to be a very interesting system: 30 km from the city there is the Maloublyinskoye reservoir, which in fact is a hard-to-reach and picturesque mountain lake, its water, if necessary, is discharged into Gromotukha, on which the Khariuzovskaya hydroelectric power station operates. But Gromotukha and Tikhaya will still merge, but in a straight line between them there are 4 kilometers and a decent slope, and it is these pipes that connect the hydroelectric power station at Gromotukha and the hydroelectric power station at Tikhaya. In general, a rather tricky design, simpler of course in, but obviously more difficult in Dushanbe. Alas, the taxi driver, who was approached, politely refused to take us to the power plants (and obviously on the principle of "whatever happens"), and we were too lazy to go ourselves. Therefore, here is just a photo of the diversion canal against the background of the Ivanovo Mountains:

The most interesting view of these mountains opens on May 9th. In Ridder, there is a tradition on the evening of Victory Day to light a star on one of the squirrels from torches stuck in the snow, and the star burns over the city to the volleys of fireworks. how it is highlighted, and about the celebration of May 9 in the most Russian-speaking city of Kazakhstan as a whole.

In general, although I hesitated at first whether I should go to Ridder (his brother Zyryanovsk was still in the plans), but in the end the former Leninogorsk impressed me. I would say that Ridder alone will give a more complete impression of Rudny Altai than the rest of Rudny Altai without Ridder.

But in the next part, we will go down to the Kazakh steppe beyond the Irtysh, where it is no longer Altai, but the Kalbinsk Mountains.

ALTAI-2017
. Trip review and TABLE OF CONTENTS series.
Northern Altai (Altai Territory/Republic of Altai)
. Barnaul and Belokurikha.
(2011)
(2011)
. Gorno-Altaisk, Mayma, Kamlak.
Altai in general
. Regions and peoples.
. Land of six religions.
. At the origins of the Turkic world.
. Maral breeding.
Kazakh Altai - there will be posts!
Ridder. City in Rudny Altai.
Sibinskiye lakes and Ak-Baur.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. General color.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Zhastar park.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Old city.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Industrial areas and stations.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Left Bank Park.
Rudny Altai. Serebryansk and Bukhtarma.
Rudny Altai. Zyryanovsk.
Katon-Karagai and Bolshenarim. Kazakh Mountain Altai.
Bukhtarma. Korobikha, Uryl and the reverse side of Belukha.
Mongolian Altai - there will be posts!
Non-Altai Kazakhstan - see TABLE OF CONTENTS!
Alma-Ata. General-2017.
Alma-Ata. Talgar pass, or a trip beyond the clouds.
.
. Mounds, village and lake.
Astana. Miscellaneous-2017.
Astana. Continuation of Nur-Zhol boulevard.
.
Steppe Altai - see TABLE OF CONTENTS!

Leninogorsk Dictionary of Russian synonyms. ridder n., number of synonyms: 1 leninogorsk (2) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary

The name of the city of Leninogorsk in Kazakhstan until 1941 ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

See Leninogorsk (city in Kazakhstan). * * * RIDDER RIDDER (in 1941 2002 Leninogorsk), a city (since 1934) in Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region (see EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION), in Rudny Altai. Population 56.5 thousand people (2004). ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Until 1941, the name of the city of Leninogorsk in the East Kazakhstan region of the Kazakh SSR ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Ridder: Ridder is a city of regional subordination in Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region. Ridder, Allard de (1887-1966) Dutch-Canadian violist, conductor and composer. Ridder, Daniel de (b. 1984) Dutch footballer, ... ... Wikipedia

Philipp Philippovich Ridder (1759 1838) mining engineer, major general of the Corps of Engineers of Communications Contents 1 Origin 2 Biography 3 Literature ... Wikipedia

Daniel de Ridder General information ... Wikipedia

Danil de Ridder General information Full name ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Ridder (meanings). Ridder Ridder Country of origin Norway Cow's milk ... Wikipedia

Allard de Ridder (Dutch. Allard de Ridder; May 3, 1887, Dordrecht May 13, 1966, Vancouver) Dutch-Canadian violist, conductor and composer. He studied in Holland with Johan Wagenaar and Willem Mengelberg, as well as at the Cologne Conservatory with ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Train to the Ridder, Yu. Yu. Yuryev, Mysticism, as an area of ​​being, is not for the weak in spirit. In addition, it is forbidden to enter there with our stupid passion to seek the truth everywhere. Dark side. Let's shed light on just one aspect of it: if you ... Category: Horror and Mystery Publisher: