The day of formation of Primorsky Krai is celebrated today, October 20.

On October 20, 1938, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Far Eastern Territory was divided into the Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions. On this day, 78 years ago, Primorsky Krai received its modern name and acquired its current administrative-territorial status.

Initially, the Primorsky Territory included the Primorsky and Ussuri Regions. Today, Primorye consists of 12 urban districts and 22 municipal districts, totaling 659 settlements.

The year of foundation of Primorsky Krai left a mark in its history with the famous Khasan events - an armed border conflict in the area of ​​​​Lake Khasan and the Tumannaya River. The newly minted region passed the first test successfully.

In the modern history of Russia, the Primorsky Territory, due to its geopolitical position, has a special role to play - to become a gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. The Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok marked the beginning of a new era, and in part the return of the old one, when the port of Vladivostok had the status of a free port and was the largest sea harbor in the region

In 1940, the population of Primorsky Krai already reached 939 thousand people.

In 1941, Primorsky Krai, together with the whole country, rose to fight against Nazi Germany, becoming a closed fortified base of the naval forces of the Pacific Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War, Primorye played a huge role in providing for the Soviet troops, transporting the lion's share of Lend-Lease cargo.

On September 2, 1945, it was here, in Primorye, that the Second World War ended.

In the postwar years, the region became the most industrially developed region of the Far East, a major industrial and agricultural center with a predominantly raw material specialization.

In the 50s of the 20th century, rapid housing construction began in Primorye. Visiting the region in 1953, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev ordered to make Vladivostok "a better city than San Francisco."

Industries such as fishing, timber, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, chemical and mechanical engineering were given national importance. The electric power industry, as well as the construction, fuel, light and food industries, developed.

Since the beginning of the 1960s, new industries began to be created for the region: chemical, electrical, instrumental, and instrument making. Enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry were built. By the beginning of the 70s, there were more than 300 own industrial productions in Primorye. The share of Primorye in the export deliveries of products of the Far Eastern enterprises, which were in demand in more than 50 countries of the world, was up to 50%.

By the end of the 70s, the population of Primorsky Krai reached almost 2 million people.

In 1992, a significant event for the history of the region took place - Vladivostok again became open to foreign citizens.

In the modern history of Russia, the Primorsky Territory, due to its geopolitical position, has a special role to play - to become a gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. The Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok marked the beginning of a new era, and in part the return of the old one, when the port of Vladivostok had the status of a free port and was the largest sea harbor in the region.

The eastern vector of Russia's development, designated by the country's leadership, is being embodied in large-scale and significant projects implemented in the Primorsky Territory.

Distinctive features. Primorsky Krai has a number of features that make it worth coming here at least once in a lifetime. Let not forever, even for a week, for a month. But to get acquainted with this unique land, with its beauties is definitely worth it.

The first feature is nature. On the one hand - the taiga, where there are real wild tigers and bears, deer and squirrels. On the other hand - the blue sea, rich in its gifts.

And all this in Primorye can be seen at the same time! The generous Far Eastern nature offers simple but pleasant entertainment - picking mushrooms, berries and nuts in local forests. And seafood lovers will find a real paradise here: huge Far Eastern crabs, trepangs, mussels, scallops, shrimps, sea urchins, octopuses, sea kale ... Even in Soviet times, when there was a general shortage of food, residents of Vladivostok and Primorye could catch any sea ​​delicacies, whatever they wish.

This is not manna from heaven. These are mollusks brought to the residents of Vladivostok by another typhoon. Photo by Svetlana Laletina

The second feature is the port city of Vladivostok and its environs, where the naval base of the Russian Navy is located. Glorious military traditions are loved and honored here. This is one of the few Russian cities where a naval parade takes place on the last Sunday of August, it would even be more correct to call it a naval show. If you walk around Vladivostok, you will find many monuments related to the fleet and its history.

The third feature is a unique geographical location, which has not only disadvantages, but also its advantages. Despite the fact that there are 9177 km from Vladivostok to Moscow, only some 205 km separate Vladivostok from the border with China. It is very convenient for both tourism and business. Japan is also within easy reach from here, and the countries of Southeast Asia are not so far away, where it is much faster to get from Primorye than from the Russian capital. By the way, even if you do not take into account the gain in time, tours from Vladivostok to Thailand are 20-25% cheaper than from Moscow.

Geographic location. Primorsky Krai is located in the southeastern tip of Russia, in the southern part of the Far Eastern Federal District. From the south and east, its lands are washed by the Sea of ​​Japan. In the north it borders on the Khabarovsk Territory, in the west - on the People's Republic of China. The relief is mountainous, a significant part of the territory is occupied by the Sikhote-Alin ridge.

There are beautiful lakes, caves and waterfalls in the mountains. The largest lake is Khanka, on the border with China. The main river of Primorye is the Ussuri.

The unique nature of Primorsky Krai with rare flora and fauna requires protection from poachers and other vandals. Now in Primorye there are 6 reserves, 3 national parks and one natural park. They are trying to save such endangered species as the Amur tiger and the Far Eastern leopard.

Population. Back in the days of the Russian Empire, Primorye was populated voluntarily-compulsorily. Cossacks were sent here to protect our borders, peasants instead of serving, convicts to serve their sentences. Also, free land was allocated to all wishing settlers. Under the Union, Primorsky Krai began to be populated even faster. Up until 1989, there was a steady increase in both urban and rural populations. And then serious economic problems began near Primorye, and the population began to decrease at the same pace as it had grown before. Now 1,947,263 people live in Primorsky Krai, which roughly corresponds to the level of 1980.

Most Russians live in Primorsky Krai (85.66%). In second place - Ukrainians (2.55%), in third - Koreans (0.96%). In fact, there are much more Ukrainians living here, and they began to come here in large numbers at the end of the 19th century, when regular sea communications were established between Odessa and Vladivostok. And now there are other realities: in Primorye there are many guest workers from Central Asia and the Caucasus, who, it seems, are not going to return home. Relatively recently, another headache has been added: illegal immigrants from China, Vietnam and other Asian states, penetrating into Vladivostok in all possible ways.

Crime. 11th place in the criminal rating of the regions is a very sad indicator, indicating that the level of crime in Primorye is quite high. Despite the fact that Primorye is located in the south of the country, the population here is no less severe than in the Russian North. Wild forests, Ussuri taiga, remoteness from Moscow - all this leaves an imprint on local customs. An important factor in the high level of crime is the difficult economic situation in Primorye. In addition, Vladivostok has its own specifics - a seaport, cargo transshipment, customs - fertile ground for the development of organized crime.

Unemployment rate in Primorye, 6.87% is very high. But the locals have a way to save themselves. For example, a common local business is the transfer of cheap used Japanese cars to the western regions of Russia, where they give completely different money for them. The state is looking for different ways to increase business activity in the region, but so far the situation is far from ideal.

If we talk about official income, then the average salary in Primorye is 27,365 rubles. The highest salaries are in the production of petroleum products (51.6 thousand rubles), in the financial sector (50.6 thousand rubles), in science (38 thousand rubles) and transport (35 thousand rubles).

Real estate value. The average cost of a one-room apartment in the secondary market is from 1.7 million rubles. New one-room apartments are sold for 2.5 million rubles and more. The price of "kopeck pieces" is already much higher, and starts somewhere from 2.5 million rubles for the old housing stock and 3.5 million rubles for new buildings.

Climate. The Primorsky Territory has its own Far Eastern weather, and it is unlikely to seem familiar to the inhabitants of the European plains. This climate is temperate monsoonal. In summer, here is the realm of typhoons coming from the south, bringing fog, heavy rains and floods. Of course, farming in such conditions is hellish work. In the hottest summer months, the average temperature is +17…+26°C. In winter, the opposite is true. Cold northerly winds bring dry frosty air. Although the average temperature in January is −15°C, the sea is subjectively more frosty. And in the depths of the continent, even a thermometer will clearly show -20 ° and below. As already mentioned, the region is very rainy and the average annual rainfall is 600-900 mm per year. True, most of them fall in the warm season.

Cities of Primorsky Krai

(600 thousand people) - the capital of the Primorsky Territory, our outpost in the Far East and the Pacific Ocean. The city, founded in 1860, spreads out on the shores of the Golden Horn Bay. There is a sea and fishing port, as well as a naval base, thanks to which Vladivostok was a closed city for a long time.

After the collapse of the USSR, an economic crisis set in, as the enterprises of the defense complex were forced to downsize and switch to the production of civilian products, which is not so easy, given the presence of such monsters as Japan and China at hand. If you do not take into account economic problems, then Vladivostok is a beautiful and pleasant city, with its own unique charm.

(165 thousand people) - the second largest city in Primorye. Founded in 1866 by immigrants from Ukraine as the village of Nikolskoye. Now it is a major railway junction, the center of the food industry. Of the problems - crime, infrastructure that needs updating, drunkenness of the population. However, these problems are not only in Usuriysk, but in many Russian cities.

(158 358 people) - the southernmost city of Russia, with a convenient bay, where the port facilities and the oil base are located. The infrastructure is well developed here, and due to the nature of the subtropics, there is a resort and medical base in the vicinity of the city. In particular, the Livadia area is a favorite vacation spot for many residents of the Far East, who find it almost impossible to get to the Black Sea resorts.

Artem(102,451 people) - this city with an amazing name is named after a Russian revolutionary, whose name, oddly enough, was Fedor Sergeev (and “comrade Artem” was his party nickname). It was originally a city of miners. But then all the mines were closed, so the main tasks of the Artemovites remained the maintenance of the Vladivostok airport located here, and the Artemovskaya thermal power plant, which runs on imported coal. Of course, all this turns into environmental problems. To pluses it is possible to add normally developed infrastructure. Shopping centers and entertainment complexes - all this is here in abundance.

The territory of Primorye became part of Russia in the middle of the 19th century. In 1856 Primorskaya Oblast was formed here, and in 1860 Vladivostok was founded. Soviet power in Primorye was established in November 1917. In 1918, power passed into the hands of the White Guards under the command of Admiral Kolchak, and US and Japanese troops landed in Vladivostok

The territory of Primorye became part of Russia in the middle of the 19th century. In 1856 Primorskaya Oblast was formed here, and in 1860 Vladivostok was founded. Soviet power in Primorye was established in November 1917. In 1918, power passed into the hands of the White Guards under the command of Admiral Kolchak, and US and Japanese troops landed in Vladivostok. In the spring of 1920, the Red Army approached the border of Primorsky Krai. In order to avoid a military clash between Russia and Japan, the Far Eastern Republic was created here, which was under the control of the Bolsheviks. In 1922 this republic became part of Soviet Russia. Primorsky Krai was formed in 1938 with its center in Vladivostok.

The area of ​​Vladivostok was explored by Russian sailors in the 50s. 19th century In 1860, on the shores of the deep-water and wind-sheltered Golden Horn Bay, the crew of the Russian sailing ship Manchurian founded a military post, which was named Vladivostok. In 1871, the main base of the Siberian military flotilla was transferred from Nikolaevsk-on-Amur to Vladivostok. The development of shipbuilding and other industries was accompanied by the strengthening of Vladivostok as an administrative center. A permanent steamship line connected Vladivostok with St. Petersburg and Odessa in 1879. In 1880, Vladivostok (with the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) was separated into a special "military governorate" and recognized as a city. Since 1888 the center of the Primorsky region. In 1897, the Khabarovsk-Vladivostok railway was built, and in 1903 a direct railway connection with Moscow along the Great Siberian Railway was opened. In the 80-90s. 19th century Vladivostok gradually turned into a place of concentration of Russian culture in the Far East. Vladivostok was the organizational center of the expeditions of Russian travelers and scientists N.M. Przhevalsky, S.O. Makarova, V.K. Arseniev, V.L. Komarov (later President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR), and others. In 1899, the Oriental Institute was opened in Vladivostok. After the establishment of Soviet power in 1917, governments changed several times in the city, military landings of Japanese, American and British troops landed. In 1920-22 Vladivostok was the center of the Far Eastern Republic. Since 1922 as part of the RSFSR. Since 1938 the center of the Primorsky Territory.

FAR EASTERN Federal District. Primorsky Krai. The area is 164.7 thousand square kilometers. Formed on October 20, 1938.
The administrative center of Primorsky Krai - Vladivostok

Primorsky Krai- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Far Eastern Federal District, located in the Far East. The region includes numerous islands: Russky, Popov, Reineke, Rikorda, Putyatin, Askold, etc. It is washed by the Sea of ​​Japan from the south and east.
Primorsky Krai part of the Far Eastern Economic Region. A number of large and unique deposits of various minerals have been discovered in Primorye, on the basis of which the most powerful mining industry in the Far East has been created and operates. Main industries - Fishing industry: fish, seafood, canned fish; Mechanical engineering and metalworking: aircraft building, shipbuilding and ship repair; Forestry and woodworking industry: commercial timber, lumber, plywood, furniture; Non-ferrous metallurgy: lead, concentrates (lead, zinc, tin, tungsten, copper) fluorspar, gold, silver; Chemistry: boron products, sulfuric acid; Building materials industry, coal, light industry, food industry. Crops of cereals (rice, buckwheat, oats, wheat) and fodder crops, soybeans, potatoes. Vegetable growing, fruit growing. Meat and dairy farming, pig breeding, poultry farming, fur farming (mink), deer antler farming. Developed maritime transport. Major ports: Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vostochny.

On April 6, 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was created.
On November 15, 1922, the Far Eastern Republic was transformed into the Far Eastern Region of the RSFSR (later - the region).
Primorsky Krai It was formed on October 20, 1938 by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the division of the Far Eastern Territory into Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories" (the Primorsky Territory included the Primorsky and Ussuri Regions of the Far Eastern Territory, abolished in 1939 and 1943, respectively).
The region was awarded the Order of Lenin (1965).

Cities, urban districts and municipal districts of Primorsky Krai.

Cities of Primorsky Krai: Vladivostok, Arsenyev, Artyom, Bolshoi Kamen, Dalnegorsk, Dalnerechensk, Lesozavodsk, Nakhodka, Partizansk, Spassk-Dalniy, Ussuriysk, Fokino.

Urban districts of Primorsky Krai:
City district "Vladivostok"
City district "Arsenyevsky"
City district "Artemovsky"
City district "Dalnegorsky"
City district "Dalnerechensky"
City district "ZATO Bolshoi Kamen"
City district "ZATO Fokino"
City district "Lesozavodsky"
City district "Nakhodkinsky"
City district "Partizansky"
Spassk-Dalniy urban district
City district "Ussuriysky"

Municipal districts of Primorsky Krai, Administrative center:
Anuchinsky District, Dalnerechensky District, Kavalerovsky District, Kirovsky District, Krasnoarmeysky District, Lazovsky District, Mikhailovsky District, Nadezhdinsky District, Oktyabrsky District, Olginsky District, Partizansky District, Border District, Pozharsky District, Spassky District, Terneisky District, Khankaysky District, Khasansky District , Khorolsky district, Chernigovsky district, Chuguevsky district, Shkotovsky district, Yakovlevsky district.

within the Russian Federation. Formed in 1938 G. by extracting from ex. Far East region. Name by location in Primorye.

Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 .

Primorsky Krai

in the south of the mainland Far East , incl. also a number of islands in the hall. Peter the Great Sea of ​​Japan. Pl. 165.9 thousand km². B.ch. occupied by medium highlands Sikhote-Alin (up to 1855 m) with a characteristic hilly relief, swampy lowlands. only to the west (Prikhankayskaya and Ussuriyskaya). The climate is temperate monsoonal: cold winter (average January temperatures from -10 °С on the coast to -27 °С in the hinterland) with little snow, with strong winds; summer is warm (the warmest month is August, the average temperature is 21 ° C, the maximum is up to 40 ° C) and humid; showers are frequent, especially during the passage of typhoons. Precipitation from 600 to 900 mm or more per year. The river network is dense, the slope of the Sikhote-Alin is being drained Ussuri and its tributaries (bass. Amur). Rivers east. the slopes are short and rapids, flowing into the Sea of ​​Japan. There are few lakes, they stand out in size Khanka and Hassan. Forests cover more than 2/3 of the territory, coniferous-broad-leaved forests predominate (the so-called Ussuri taiga) with a rich species composition of trees, herbs and shrubs (Korean pine, Amur velvet, Manchurian walnut, magnolia vine, actinidia, eleutherococcus, etc.). Representatives of the south coexist. and sowing fauna, many endemics (Ussuri tiger, leatherback turtle, goral, etc.). They are protected in the Sikhote-Alin, Lazovsky, Far Eastern Marine Reserves and in the Kedrovaya Pad Reserve. Of the minerals, the most important are polymetallic ores (tin, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc.) and coal deposits.
Europeans received the first information about Primorye after the voyage of La Perouse (end of the 18th century). Russian sea expeditions explored the coast in the first half of the 19th century. By that time, approx. 20 thousand indigenous people. The development of the region began after the foundation Vladivostok(1860, now the administrative center), in the main. settlers from the European part of Russia. Peasant villages and Cossack villages were created, some subsequently grew into cities ( Ussuriysk , Spassk-Dalniy ). Population 2068 thousand people (2002), density 12.5 people. per 1 km², 78% live in cities; Russians 87%; Ukrainians 8%, Belarusians 1%. The most densely populated: nizm. West and coast - port (bays Nakhodka, Olga, Rudnaya pier) and mining. ( Arseniev , Partizansk , Rudny, Dalnegorsk) districts.
The industry is focused on fish processing, mining and machinery. Sat. The farm gravitates toward the plains in the west, where grain and fodder crops and soybeans are grown. App. vegetable-in, birds-in and live-in are concentrated around prom. centers. There are fur-breeding and deer-breeding (harvesting of antlers) farms. In recent years, Primorsky Krai has been holding the 1st place in the collection of honey (5294 tons in 1997). Ports of Vladivostok and finds, which are east. destinations Trans-Siberian Railway , serve as transshipment points for transit cargo, incl. sent to the north of the Far East and the Far North. Highway network. roads connects major us. edge points.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Primorsky Krai of Russia (cm. Russia) located in the south of the Russian Far East. The area of ​​the region is 165.9 thousand square meters. km, the population is 2157.7 thousand people, 78% of the population lives in cities (2001). The region includes 24 districts, 12 cities, 46 urban-type settlements (2001). The administrative center is the city of Vladivostok; large cities: Nakhodka, Arseniev, Artem, Dalnegorsk, Ussuriysk. The region was formed on October 20, 1938 and is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Leading branches of the regional industry: mechanical engineering, mining, woodworking, shipbuilding and ship repair ("Dalzavod"), production of building materials, fishing industry ("Dalmoreprodukt", "Primorrybprom", "Vladivostok base of trawl and refrigerated fleet", "Base of active sea fishing") . Rice, buckwheat, oats, wheat, fodder crops, soybeans, potatoes are grown in Primorye, and they are engaged in vegetable and fruit growing. Meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming, fur farming (mink), deer antler breeding are developed here.

natural conditions
Primorsky Krai is located on the southeastern outskirts of Russia, on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. In the north it borders on the Khabarovsk Territory (cm. Khabarovsk region), to the west with China (cm. China), in the southwest with Korea (cm. Democratic People's Republic of Korea), in the east and south, for a distance of one and a half thousand km, it is washed by the Sea of ​​​​Japan. The central and eastern parts of the Primorsky Territory are occupied by the Sikhote-Alin mountains (up to 1855 m high), in the west - the Ussuri and Khanka lowlands. The main river is the Ussuri with tributaries; there are many small, mostly mountainous rivers in the Sea of ​​Japan basin on the territory of the region. In the southwest there is a large lake Khanka. The rivers of Primorye are used as rafting routes.
The climate is moderately monsoonal. The average January temperature ranges from -12 °C on the coast to -27 °C in the mainland. Summer is warm and rainy. The average temperature in July is from +14 °C to +21 °C. Precipitation falls 600-900 mm per year. The snow cover melts very quickly, almost without forming melt water. Summer in Primorye is damp, but warm, in areas remote from the sea it is even hot. Typhoons are not uncommon in late summer and autumn. On the coast, intense fogs turning into drizzle. Autumn in Primorye is the best time of the year - warm, dry and clear. The air temperature drops slowly and the heat is retained for a long time. In early October, leaf fall begins in the autumn forests. In late October - early November, a sharp cold snap sets in and a long winter comes with low air temperatures. It lasts 3-3.5 months in the southwest, and 4-5 months in the central and northern regions. In mountainous areas, the greatest thickness of snow cover is 85-100 centimeters. In the south, the snow cover is unstable. Primorsky Krai is located in the zone of deciduous forests. Forests occupy 90% of its territory. Main species: Ayan spruce, Korean cedar, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut.
In the north of the region - fir-spruce and larch forests. In the south - Manchurian forests (among the vines - Amur grapes, magnolia vine, actinidia). The fauna is diverse: goral, spotted deer, red deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, raccoon dog, Ussuri cat, wolverine, sable, weasel, fox, otter, over a hundred species of fish: salmon, herring, sea bass, flounder, halibut, greenling , pollock, tuna, saury, mackerel, sardine. In coastal waters, trepangs, mollusks, mussels, scallops, sea urchins, and algae are fished. In the Primorsky Territory there are reserves: the Far East Marine, Kedrovaya Pad, Lazovsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, Ussuriysky, Khankaysky; resorts Sadgorod, Shmakovka.

Story
The most ancient settlements in Primorye were discovered on the territory of the present Nakhodka region. They belong to the Paleolithic era. Ancient settlements (there are more than 50 of them) cover the period from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages in the south of the Russian Far East (the chronological stage between the 4th and 16th centuries) coincided with the periods of the emergence, prosperity and death of the states Bohai (698-926), Jin (115-1234), Eastern Xia (1215-1233). During this period, agriculture, crafts began to develop in Primorye, trade arose, cities appeared, there was a mixture of pastoral and agricultural cultures of the Far East with the developed agricultural and urban economy of the Chinese.
The territory of the South Ussuri Territory was included in the Russian state under the Aigun (1858) and Beijing (1860) treaties with China. Administratively, the region became part of the Primorskaya Oblast, which was formed in 1856. The Ussuri region was very sparsely populated: in 1861 there were less than 20 thousand people in it. Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov (for the conclusion of the Aigun Treaty he was awarded the title of Count of Amur) was the leader of the expedition, which in 1859 explored the northwestern coast of the Sea of ​​Japan and determined the place for a military post, the future capital of Primorye - Vladivostok. Then military posts were founded on Lake Khanka, in Olga's Bay. In 1865-1869, Cossack settlements were built on the Ussuri River, later the Ussuri Cossack Army arose, whose task was to protect the borders.
The Russian government encouraged immigrants to the Ussuri region, which was declared free for settlement by peasants who did not have land, and people of all classes who wanted to move at their own expense. Each family of settlers was given a plot of land up to 100 acres (109 hectares) for free use, the settlers were forever exempted from the poll tax and for 10 years from recruitment duty. The influx of peasants to the South Ussuri Territory increased markedly: in 1861-1881, three thousand people arrived, and in 1883-1899 - about 50 thousand people, and in 1897 the region had about 150 thousand people.
An important role in the development of Primorye and all of Siberia was played by construction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Trans-Siberian Railway, which connected the Far East with Central Russia. The economic development of Primorye took place on the basis of market relations, although private right to land was limited. Agriculture was the leading branch of agriculture; winter and spring wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, legumes, sunflower, corn, sugar beets, hemp, flax, and tobacco were grown here. Since the end of the 19th century, gardening, horticulture, melon growing developed, cattle, horses, pigs were bred, antler reindeer breeding was born.
The industrial development of Primorye was carried out primarily through the development of natural resources: coal deposits (near the bay of Posyet, Suchana), gold (on Askold Island), polymetallic ores. By the end of the 19th century, the extraction of fish and seafood (seaweed, trepangs, crabs) acquired industrial importance. In the 1890s, on the basis of the timber industry, the woodworking industry began to develop: five steam sawmills, a match and plywood factories were built, printing production arose, and the first power plants appeared. Based on the ship repair workshops built in 1864, a ship repair plant (now Dalzavod) was established in Vladivostok. Vladivostok by 1914 entered the top five largest ports in Russia. More than a dozen consulates and a large number of foreign trade missions were opened in the city.
In 1922, the region was transformed into the Primorsky province, which was part of the Far Eastern Region (FER). In 1926, the Far Eastern District was transformed into the Far Eastern Territory (DVK), and the Primorsky Governorate, first into the Vladivostok District, then (since 1932) into the Primorsky and Ussuri Regions. In 1938, Primorsky Krai was formed with the administrative center of Vladivostok.
In the 1920s, the private sector played a dominant role in the economy of Primorye. The New Economic Policy here has put down strong roots and lasted longer than in Central Russia. Two-thirds of the economy was in the hands of foreign capital. Among the large foreign firms, such as Kunst and Albers and Brynner stood out. The largest foreign concession was the English mining "Tetyukhe Mining Corporation" (1925-1931), engaged in the search, exploration, development and processing of silver-lead-zinc ores of the Tetyukhe deposit in the north of Primorye. But from the end of the 1920s, the city became closed to foreigners, all foreign enterprises were closed.
In the early 1930s, forced industrialization began in Primorye, and then collectivization. The construction of roads and new industrial enterprises (mining, forestry, fishing, ship repair) began. Coal mines were reconstructed. The fishing industry remained one of the leading industries of the region. Various types of transport also developed - rail, air, the capabilities of the Far Eastern Shipping Company (FESCO) increased significantly. In agriculture, collective farms were created, wealthy peasants were dispossessed and repressed.
Rapid economic development required an influx of new labor force. The resettlement to the Far East of workers and peasant families from the central regions of Russia, as well as demobilized Red Army soldiers, was organized. Prison labor began to be widely used. At the end of 1929, branches of the Far East Camp (Dallag, later Vladlag) and the Second River transit camp (Vladivostok) were organized in Primorye, from where the prisoners were delivered by steamboats to the Kolyma to the North-Eastern camps. Prisoners in Vladivostok worked on construction and loading operations, in Nikolsk-Ussuriysky and Spassk-Dalny they mined gold on Askold Island, in Suchan and Artyom - coal, harvested timber in the taiga and fish along the entire coast of Primorye.
During the years of Stalinist repressions (especially in 1937-1938), tens of thousands of people were arrested, sent to camps and shot, and all residents of the Korean (to Kazakhstan and Central Asia) and Chinese (mainly to China) nationalities were also deported from Primorye, in total - about 200 thousand people. Despite forced evictions, deportations, executions, and return migration, the population of Primorye grew rapidly in the 1930s. By 1940, its number reached 939 thousand people. During the Second World War, Primorye was in the rear, although the danger of a Japanese attack persisted for a long time. The production of military equipment and shells was established here, the extraction of timber, coal, rare and non-ferrous metals continued.
After the end of the war, Primorsky Krai continued to develop as an industrial and agricultural region of the Far East. More and more deposits of coal and ores were being developed, mining and processing plants and new power plants were being built. The fishing industry was replenished with trawlers, seiners, refrigerators. A large flow of transportation was carried out by the Far Eastern Railway, the port of Vladivostok. A new large port of Nakhodka was built, which in the 1970-1980s became one of the largest in the Russian Federation. Since the 1980s, another new seaside port, Vostochny, began to operate near Nakhodka. By the mid-1960s, new industries were created for the region: chemical, electrical, instrument-making, instrumental, porcelain, and furniture.
The population of the region by 1979 reached 1 million 381 thousand people. Along with Vladivostok and Ussuriysk, the cities of Nakhodka, Spassk, Lesozavodsk, Arseniev, the settlements of Dalnegorsk and Kavalerovo, which became industrial centers, rapidly developed. But the costly economy of "developed socialism" could not ensure the efficiency of the economy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Primorye experienced the difficulties of the transition period. In 1992, Vladivostok was opened to foreign citizens: tourists, businessmen, small entrepreneurs.

Attractions
The mud and seaside resort Sadgorod is located 26 km from Vladivostok. The sanatorium, located in a forested area, has a beach with a silt bottom on the shore of the Corner Bay. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, female infertility are treated here. In Shmakovka (335 km from Vladivostok) there are several sanatoriums. The oldest of them - the military. It is located in a park on the banks of the Ussuri River, surrounded by spurs of the Sikhote-Alin ridge. Height above sea level - 90 m. Sharply continental climate, warm summers, subtropical vegetation and the main factor - carbonic mineral water with a wide range of trace elements create conditions here for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the circulatory system and the gastrointestinal tract.
Sanatorium "Izumrudny" is located in the village of Gornye Klyuchi on the banks of the Ussuri. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are treated here. For a more active holiday in the region there are several recreation centers. Among them: "Gold Coast" (25 km from Vladivostok, in Shamora), "Eagle" (in Kuchelinskaya Pad). Fans of water trips can make a trip on kayaks, catamarans along the rivers Bolshaya Ussurka, Bikin, Armu, Zeva, Kema (drag between them).
The Far East Marine Reserve is located in Peter the Great Bay. It was founded in 1978 to preserve valuable species - inhabitants of the shelf of the Sea of ​​Japan. The area of ​​the reserve is 64 thousand hectares (of which 63 thousand hectares are water area), the reserve includes nine islands. The territory consists of three sections: eastern, western and southern. The eastern section includes the islands of the Rimsky-Korsakov archipelago. The western section is located in Posyet Bay on the southern coast of the Krabe Peninsula, the southern section is off the western coast of Posyet Bay and includes the islands of Furugelm, Vera and Falshivy.
Marine flora in the reserve includes about 800 species of algae, marine fauna - about 250 species of fish, numerous species of invertebrates. The main goal of creating the reserve is to preserve the gene pool of marine organisms, commercial, as well as rare and endangered species. The Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago - a zone of complete conservation, Posyet Bay and Furugelm Island - a site for the reproduction of trepang, scallop, giant oyster; Popov Island - a museum of the nature of the sea and its protection. The Khanka Reserve was founded in 1990 on the territory of the Khanka Lowland, near Lake Khanka. Its area is 38 thousand hectares. The main wealth of the reserve is semiaquatic and waterfowl. Among them are Japanese and white-naped cranes, red-footed ibis, spoonbill.
The population of the city of Spassk-Dalniy is 55.4 thousand people (2001). It was founded by settlers around 1886 as the village of Spasskoye, near which in 1906 the Evgenievka station of the Ussuri railroad was built. In 1917 the village was transformed into the city of Spassk. During the years of the Civil War, the Spassk operation (“Storm Nights of Spassk”) was carried out in the area of ​​Spassk-Dalny. In 1926, the station settlement of Evgenievka became part of the city. Since 1929 - Spassk-Dalniy. Back in 1908, on the basis of limestone and clay deposits near Evgenievka, the first was built, in 1932-1934 - the second, and in 1976 - the Novospassky cement plant. Architecture and sights: the building of the railway station, the men's gymnasium. On the territory of Spassk-Dalny - a protected natural monument (since 1981) Spasskaya Cave.

Encyclopedia of Tourism Cyril and Methodius. 2008 .

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