Biography
David Samoilov (real name - David Samuylovich Kaufman; June 1, 1920, Moscow - February 23, 1990, Tallinn) - Russian Soviet poet, translator.
David Samoilov is a poet of the front-line generation. Like many of his peers, he left the student bench for the front.
Born into a Jewish family. Father - a famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman (1892-1957); mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman (1895-1986).
In 1938-1941 he studied at MIFLI (Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History). At the beginning of the Finnish war Samoilov wanted to go to the front as a volunteer, but was unfit for health reasons. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was sent to the labor front - to dig trenches near Vyazma. There, David Samoilov fell ill, was evacuated to Samarkand, studied at the Evening Pedagogical Institute. Soon he entered the military infantry school, which he did not graduate from. In 1942 he was sent to the Volkhov Front near Tikhvin. March 23, 1943 in the area of st. Mga was seriously wounded in the left hand by a mine fragment. After recovery, from March 1944 he continued to serve in the 3rd separate motor reconnaissance unit of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front.
For courage and heroism shown during the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Military Merit".
He began to print in 1941. After the war, he translated a lot from Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, the languages of the peoples of the USSR, etc.
Since 1974, he lived in Pärnu (Estonian SSR), at st. Toominga, 4. David Samoilov died on February 23, 1990 in Tallinn. He was buried in Pärnu (Estonia) at the Forest Cemetery.
Creation
The first book of poems, Near Countries, was published in 1958. Then came the poetic collections of lyric-philosophical poems "Second Pass" (1962), "Days" (1970), "Wave and Stone" (1974), "News" (1978), "Bay" (1981) , "Voices behind the hills" (1985) - about the war years, the modern generation, about the purpose of art, on historical subjects.
In Samoilov's poems "behind the simplicity of semantics and syntax, behind the focus on Russian classics, lies the poet's tragic worldview, his desire for justice and human freedom."
One of the first public performances of D.S. Samoilov in front of a large audience took place in the Central Lecture Hall of Kharkov in 1960. The organizer of this performance was a friend of the poet, Kharkov literary critic L. Ya. Livshits.
He is the author of the poem "Song of the Hussar" ("When we were at war ..."), which was set to music by the bard Viktor Stolyarov in the early 1980s. "Hussar song" by Samoilov-Stolyarov became very popular among the Cossacks of the Kuban at the beginning of the 21st century. [Source not specified 801 days]
He published a humorous prose collection "In the circle of himself." Wrote poems.
Family
Since 1946, he was married to art critic Olga Lazarevna Fogelson (1924-1977), daughter of the famous Soviet cardiologist L. I. Fogelson. Their son, Alexander Davydov, is also a writer (publicist and prose writer).
Later he was married to Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, they had three children - Varvara, Peter and Pavel.
Awards
Order of the Red Star (1945)
Medal "For Military Merit" (1944)
USSR State Prize (1988)
Compositions
Collections of poems
Near Countries, 1958
Second pass, 1963
Elephant went to study, 1967 (for children)
Days, 1970
Equinox, 1972
Wave and stone, 1974
News, 1978
Gulf, 1981
Lines of the hand, 1981 (for teenagers)
Times, 1983
Poems, 1985
A handful, 1989
Snowfall: Moscow Poems, 1990
Editions
Favorites. - M.: Fiction, 1980.
Favorites. Selected works in two volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1990. - ISBN 5-280-00564-9
Volume 1. Poems. / Introductory article by I. O. Shaitanov - 559 p. ISBN 5-280-00565-7
Volume 2. Poems. Poems for children. Portraits. - 335 p. ISBN 5-280-00566-5
Poems. - M.: Time, 2005.
Poems / Comp., prep. text by V. I. Tumarkin, introductory article by A. S. Nemzer. - St. Petersburg: Academic project, 2006. - 800 p. - ISBN 5-7331-0321-3
Happiness craft: Selected poems. / Comp. V. Tumarkin, 2009, 2nd ed. - 2010, 3rd ed. - M.: Time, 2013. - 784 p. - ISBN 978-5-9691-1119-6
From the book of fate. David Samuilovich Samoilov (real name - Kaufman), poet, translator, theorist of verse. Born June 1, 1920 in Moscow into a Jewish family. Father - a famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman (1892-1957); mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman (1895-1986). His father had a great influence on him, he was much involved in his education. He began to write poetry early, but did not consider himself a poet for a long time.
In 1938 he graduated with honors from school and entered the IFLI (Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History) without exams, intending to specialize in French literature. In those years, the whole color of philological science taught there. Then he met Selvinsky, who assigned him to a poetic seminar at Goslitizdat, went to the Literary Institute for Aseev and Lugovsky's seminars. In 1941 he graduated from IFLI, at the same time he published his first poems.
A few days after the start of the war, he volunteered first for defense work in the Smolensk region, then he was enrolled as a cadet of the Gomel military infantry school, where he was only two months old - they were alerted and sent to the Volkhov front. After being seriously wounded, he spent five months in hospitals, then returned to the front again, is in the motor reconnaissance unit. The last rank is senior sergeant. At the end of November 1945, he returned to Moscow with a train of demobilized people. He decides to live by literary work, that is, he interrupts by random orders, earns money on the radio, writes songs.
Only in 1958 the first book of poems "Near Countries" was published, five years later, in 1963 - "The Second Pass". David Samoilov participated in the creation of several performances at the Taganka Theater, in Sovremennik, wrote songs for performances and films.
In the 1970s, poetry collections "Days", "Equinocx", "Wave and Stone", "News" were published; in the 1980s - "The Bay", "Times", "Voices Beyond the Hills", "A Fistful". He wrote poems for children (the books "Traffic Light", "Elephant Went to Study"). In 1973, the "Book of Russian Rhyme" was published, reprinted in 1982.
Since 1946, he was married to art critic Olga Lazarevna Fogelson (1924-1977), daughter of the famous Soviet cardiologist L. I. Fogelson. Their son is Alexander Davydov, a writer and translator. Later he was married to Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, they had three children - Varvara, Peter and Pavel.
Since 1976 he lived in the city of Pärnu, translated a lot from Polish, Czech, Hungarian and the languages of the peoples of the USSR. David Samoilov died on February 23, 1990 in Tallinn, at the anniversary evening of Boris Pasternak, having barely completed his speech.
Zinovy Gerdt, at his anniversary evening, read the poems of David Samoilov, which it was impossible to listen to indifferently:
Oh, how late I realized
Why do I exist
Why is the heart beating
Living blood through the veins
And what is sometimes in vain
Let the passions subside
And what can't be avoided
And what can't be avoided...
Poet about himself: “I was born in 1920. Moskvich. I was lucky in my comrades and teachers. Friends of my poetic youth were Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Glazkov, Sergey Narovchatov, Boris Slutsky. Our teachers are Tikhonov, Selvinsky, Aseev, Lugovskoy, Antokolsky. I saw Pasternak. Met with Akhmatova and Zabolotsky. I talked more than once with Martynov and Tarkovsky. He was friends with Maria Petrova. The poetic school was strict. Fought. Seriously wounded."
About the poet
When I think that many artists thought about death, foresaw it, even prophesied for themselves, I immediately remember my favorite poet David Samoilov. David had been contemplating death for years, probably since he was fifty. As we joked (of course, affectionately): David has been saying goodbye to life for a year now. But with him it was not coquetry and not speculation, but these were deep reflections. With all this, a colossal love of life in everything that he thought, wrote, did, said - in the way he lived ...
Look - two trees grow
From the root of one.
Is it fate, is it an accident, but here
And without kinship - kinship.
When a blizzard blows in winter
When the frost is severe -
The birch is guarded by a spruce
From the deadly winds.
And in the heat, when the grass burns
And the needles are just right to smolder, -
The birch will give a shadow,
It will help you survive.
Neblood grow not apart,
Their closeness is forever.
And with people - everything is at random, but at random,
And bitter with shame.
Dezik
I became famous as a child.
He put grandeur on his forehead,
and far away, in the shadow of Samoilov Dezik
sawed something there, like a jigsaw.
He treasured this warm shadow,
and she appreciated them too,
and in him, as in a wise plant,
the slowness of eternity invested.
We met him drunk
With different friends to shoulder,
Just never shady:
You can only accumulate light in the shadows.
Our nobility pop music of Russia
important, condescendingly nodded
forties-fatal,
and something about Tsar Ivan.
We did not allow insolence in ourselves
and think that he writes better.
We thought: Dezik is Dezik.
We ourselves are the key, Dezik is the key.
But now we understand at least something
becoming, I hope, deeper, cleaner -
because sometimes huge gates
opens the key, not the key.
And I'm reading The Wave and the Stone,
where wisdom is above the generation.
I feel guilt and fire
forgotten flame of worship.
And I feel so strange
as if fame had died, like a she-wolf.
It's too early for me to write poetry,
but it's time to write poetry to learn.
Poem, published in Aurora magazine, No. 2, 1975.
"Everything is allowed"
One of the bitterest poems of Russian poetry was written in 1968:
That's all. The eyes of a genius closed.
And when the skies faded
Like in an empty room
We pull, we pull the stale word,
We speak both languidly and darkly.
How we are honored and how we are favored!
I don't have them. And everything is allowed.
Strange ... The last of the "closed eyes", Anna Akhmatova, just a few years earlier, wrote, recalling her triumphant beginning: fate and hid under the sofa cushions the numbers of the magazines where they were first printed - so as not to be upset.
The forties of the 20th century were marked in Russia not only by the largest and bloodiest war in the entire history of mankind, but also by the heroic deeds of the people. In memory of those times, in addition to monuments and sadness, we are left with the poetry and prose of Russian writers of the post-war period, who saw from the inside the pain of a destroyed country, which they carried through almost a century in their works.
Childhood and youth
David Samoilov is the pseudonym of the Russian poet and translator of Jewish origin David Samuilovich Kaufman. David Samuilovich was born in Moscow on June 1, 1920. Samuil Abramovich Kaufman, David's father, was a famous Moscow venereologist. On behalf of the father, the pseudonym of the poet was formed - David Samoilov. The young man received his higher education at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.
In 1939, as a 2nd year student, David wanted to volunteer for the front of the Finnish war, but could not for health reasons (some sources indicate the reason - the young man's insufficient age). And in 1941, David got to the labor front of the Great Patriotic War. The future poet dug trenches in the Smolensk region, near the city of Vyazma. There, Samoilov's health deteriorated, and the young man was sent to the rear, to the Uzbek city of Samarkand. In Uzbekistan, the young man continued his education at the evening department of the Pedagogical Institute.
After the pedagogical institute, David entered the military infantry school, but he could not finish it. In 1942, the young man again went to the front, in the Leningrad region, near the city of Tikhvin. After fighting for one year, David was seriously injured - a fragment of a mine injured his arm. It happened in the Karbusel tract on March 23, 1943. David, being a machine gunner, broke into an enemy trench and single-handedly destroyed three enemies in hand-to-hand combat. For courage in the attack and a perfect feat, Samoilov received the medal "For Courage".
David Samoilov in military uniform A year later, in March 1944, the brave soldier returned to duty again, now on the line of the Belorussian front and with the rank of corporal, where he also served as a clerk. In November 1944, Samoilov received another medal - "For Military Merit". Already after the end of the war, in June 1945, Samoilov was awarded the third award - the Order of the Red Star for capturing a German non-commissioned officer who provided valuable information to Soviet intelligence.
The poet went through the whole war, was wounded, three awards, participated in the battles for Berlin - of course, the war left an imprint in the soul of this great man, which later resulted in poetry.
Literature
The first publication of the poet's works took place in 1941, under the real name of the author - David Kaufman, the collection was called "Mammoth Hunting". While studying at MIFLI, Samoilov met Sergei Sergeevich Narovchatov, Mikhail Valentinovich Kulchitsky, Boris Abramovich Slutsky, Pavel Davydovich Kogan, to whom he dedicated the poem "Five". These authors later became known as poets of the military generation.
In the first months at the front, David wrote down his poems in a notebook, after the Victory, many of them were published in literary magazines. During the Great Patriotic War, Samoilov did not publish poems, with the exception of a satirical poem dedicated to.
In addition, life at the front inspired the young man to write poetic works about soldier's life in the form of a collective image named Foma Smyslov. These poems were published in local newspapers, inspiring, instilling faith and hope for victory in other soldiers. The most famous poem by David Samuilovich, dedicated to the war, is called "Forties, fatal ...". It presents a generalized theme of war and the problem of the military generation. But at the same time, Samoilov did not touch on political topics in his work.
At the end of the war, the poet earned money by translations and wrote scripts for radio broadcasts. Literary recognition came to Samoilov only in 1970, after the release of a collection of poems called "Days". Having become famous, David Samuilovich did not lead a secular life in literary circles, but he enjoyed talking with Heinrich Böll and other talented contemporaries.
In 1972, the poem "Last Holidays" was published, where various historical periods and countries echo in the main character's journey through Germany. In addition to military and historical themes, Samoilov has landscape lyrics (for example, the poem "Red Autumn") and works about love ("Beatrice"). The poet's love poetry is surprisingly calm and cold, it does not contain the passions inherent in this genre. Often Samoilov's work is compared with: in the lyrics of David Samuilovich there is Pushkinianism in the form of a biographical myth.
In addition to his own poems, the poet translated works by foreign authors, wrote scripts for theatrical productions, and lyrics for films. Despite the serious themes in the poet's work, he is often mentioned as the author of poems from childhood. Samoilov wrote books for children in the 1980s. Children's works are filled with historicism, love for the motherland and the Russian people.
Personal life
Returning a hero from the war, David in 1946 married Olga Lazarevna Fogelson. Olga was an art critic by profession. The biography of the poet Samoilov almost does not tell about the personal life of David Samuilovich. It is known that in marriage, the Kaufmans had their only son, Alexander. Alexander Kaufman (pseudonym Alexander Davydov) followed in his father's footsteps, becoming a translator and prose writer.
However, in the first marriage, David's family life did not work out. The poet remarried Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, with whom Peter, Barbara and Pavel were born.
Samoilov's personal qualities were recalled in an interview by his son. David Samuilovich was a modest, simple man with an amazing sense of humor. In his youth, David had the nickname Dezik among close friends. A lot about Samoilov says a personal diary that the poet kept for the last 28 years of his life. After his death, the prose and verses from the diary were partially published.
Death
In 1974, Samoilov and his family left Moscow for the city of Pärnu (Estonia). The family did not live well until the poet bought the second floor of the house. According to contemporaries, the purest ecology and serenity of Pärnu extended the life of the poet for at least several years.
Although Samoilov did not express his political views, the employees of the USSR State Security Committee constantly looked after the life and work of Samoilov, but this did not frighten the poet.
David Samuilovich Kaufman was ill for the last years of his life, but his death was sudden. The poet died on February 23, 1990, in the city of Pärnu, on the stage of the theater, hiding for a moment backstage and saying goodbye that everything was fine.
Bibliography
- 1958 - Near Countries
- 1961 - "The baby elephant went to study"
- 1961 - "House Museum"
- 1962 - "Traffic Light"
- 1963 - "Second Pass"
- 1970 - "Days"
- 1972 - Equinox
- 1974 - Wave and Stone
- 1975 - "Going through our dates ..."
- 1978 - "News"
- 1981 - "The Bay"
- 1981 - "Lines of the hand"
- 1981 - Tooming Street
- 1983 - "Times"
- 1985 - "Voices from the Hills"
- 1987 - "Let me suffer a poem"
- 1989 - "A Fistful"
- 1989 - "Beatrice"
- 1990 - "Snowfall"
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Biography, life story of Samoilov David Samuilovich
Samoilov David (name at birth - Kaufman David Samuilovich) - Russian Soviet poet of the front-line generation, translator.
early years
David was born in Moscow on June 1, 1920 in the family of the famous venereologist Samuil Abramovich Kaufman and his wife Cecilia Izrailevna. After graduating from high school in 1938, David became a student at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.
Service
In 1939, when the war with Finland began, David Kaufman wanted to leave his studies and go to the front as a volunteer, but the young man was not accepted into the ranks of the soldiers for health reasons. Two years later, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War and World War II, David was sent to dig trenches near Vyazma as part of the labor front. Near Vyazma, a young man fell seriously ill, which is why it was decided to evacuate him to Samarkand.
In Samarkand, David entered the Evening Pedagogical Institute, then - the Military Infantry School (which, however, he did not manage to finish). In 1942, Kaufman was sent near Tikhvin to the Volkhov Front. In March 1943, a fragment of a mine hit David's left hand. A few days later, Red Army soldier David Kaufman, machine gunner of the 1st separate rifle battalion of the 1st separate rifle brigade, was awarded the medal "For Courage" (David destroyed three enemies with his own hands).
In March 1944, having already fully recovered, David Kaufman ended up in the 3rd separate motor reconnaissance unit of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front. In November of the same year, David Samuilovich, corporal and clerk, was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". In 1945, Kaufman was awarded the Order of the Red Star for capturing prisoners, from whom valuable information was obtained, and for active participation in the battles for Berlin.
CONTINUED BELOW
Literary activity
In wartime, David Samuilovich practically did not engage in writing. He did not write poems - except for satirical rhymes and poems about the soldier Foma Smyslov, which were published in the garrison newspaper, inspiring Soviet soldiers. When the war was over, David started translating various works from Hungarian, Polish, Czech and Lithuanian.
In 1948, the first work of David Samoilov, Poems about the New City, appeared on the pages of the Znamya magazine. 10 years later, the first collection of poems by the poet "Near Countries" appeared on the shelves of bookstores. In 1962, the lyric-philosophical collection of poems "The Second Pass" was released, in 1970 "Days" appeared, in 1974 - "Wave and Stone", in 1978 - "News", in 1981 - "Bay", in 1985 - "Voices from the Hills" and so on.
David Samoilov also wrote prose, including works on versification, which helped many novice authors to decide on their own style and learn not just to put words into rhyme, but to speak, live, breathe poetry.
In 1988, David Samoilov was awarded the USSR State Prize for outstanding creative achievements in the field of literature.
Family
In 1946, David Samoilov married Olga Fonelson, daughter of the Soviet cardiologist Lazar Fogelson. In 1953, the son Alexander was born in the family (continued the work of his father, became a writer and translator).
The second wife of the writer was Galina Medvedeva. She gave birth to her husband three children - a girl Barbara and boys Peter and Paul.
Death
On February 23, 1990, David Samoilov died in Tallinn (he had lived in Estonia since 1974). The body of the writer and poet was buried at the Forest Cemetery in the port city of Pärnu.
