Such a part of speech as the numeral often causes difficulties even for native speakers, to say nothing of those who study Russian as a foreign language. Special problems begin with the declination of ordinal numbers, denoting three- or four-digit complex numbers: here even very educated people who have no problems in spelling and word formation can get confused. Imagine a phrase like: "We went camping with two thousand three hundred and twenty-eight pairs of socks" - it's hard to even pronounce it out loud, let alone quickly and correctly pick up the right word forms!

Numerals as a part of speech

The numeral is an independent part of speech, capable of playing the role of the main or secondary member of the sentence. Answers the questions "How much?" “Which?”, and in the case of single-root adjectives like “eight-story”, “four-stroke”, the question is asked “Which one?”.

May refer to:

• amount;
• number of items;
• the order of things in counting.

This part of speech is inherent in the category of case: in a sentence, it always appears in the form of one of them. The main difficulty in declining numerals is that there is no single model for the formation of case word forms. It is necessary either to know by heart all types of declension (namely, declension, conjugation of verbs!) And be able to put them into practice, or decline numerals by cases online, which many sites can now help with.

Since there are a lot of types and word forms, many begin to get confused, cannot correctly determine the case ending, use the wrong form of the case, try to decline the cardinal number as ordinal and vice versa.

General theory of declension of numbers

It is clear from the introductory part of the article that there is no single model for the formation of word forms. If we turn to the 1990 edition of the Russian Grammar, we can find two types of declension of the numeral: the substantive type of declension (it is similar to the declension in cases of nouns) and the adjective type of declension (inherent in adjectives).

According to the first (substantive) model, we decline:

The use of the second The (adjective) model is used to change:

1. Cardinal numbers one, two, three, four;
2. ordinal numbers;
3. Collective (including "both" and "both") and indefinitely quantitative numerals.

Separate Declension Models

It is necessary to separately consider the formation of word forms of ordinal, quantitative, collective and fractional numbers. In mastering the rules for declension of numerals by cases, tables in textbooks can only help to a certain extent, since there are a lot of options for the formation of case word forms.

numeral one has three variations of the genus: one, one, one; its declension form is similar to the paradigm of the adjective unit. numbers like "beloved (oh, oh) - beloved (oh, oh)".

numeral two has the feminine form “two” (the neuter form is equal to the masculine form) and declines like an adjective in the plural (two blacks - two blacks, etc.), case word forms of numerals are formed exactly according to the same principle three and four.

Important! In the accusative case of cardinal numbers from one to four, the ending often depends on the inanimateness or animation of the object to which the numeral is attached. In the case of animateness, the accusative case is formed according to the model of the genitive case, in the case of inanimateness, according to the model of the nominative case. Example: “I see two cups”, but “I see two cats”; “I see the four directions of the world”, but “I see four horsemen”.

Numerals five to ten, as well as on -twenty and -ten have the same declension form as nouns like power, rags (3rd declension of a noun).

Formation of word forms:

• them. and in. p .: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
• genus, date, suggestion p .: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
• tv.p.; six, ten, thirteen, thirty.

The instrumental case of the word "eight" has the form "eight", not "eight", which is often confused by foreign students.

Important! Cardinal numbers denoting two-digit numbers and ending in -ten have two endings in the word form: both parts change in the compound word. Example: sixty, sixty.

For words with a special form of declension - one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred- only two options for endings:

• them. and in. p .: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred;
• genus., date., tv., proposition. p .: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred.

Formation of case word forms in numerals two hundred four hundred five hundred nine hundred based on the duality of these words. Conventionally, they can be divided into two parts (three-hundred, five-hundred), and each of these parts is inclined in its own way (three-hundred, three-hundred; five-hundred, five-hundred).

Deal with word paradigm formation thousand and million it is not difficult - it occurs by analogy with the formation of case word forms of nouns of the first (feminine in -a) and second (masculine in consonant) declension, respectively.

In complex cardinal numbers each word changes according to the declension. For example: two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven, two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven). Knowing this rule is very important, because it will help you cope, for example, with writing amounts on receipts in words.

Important! The category of animateness/inanimateness does not affect the formation of the accusative case of numerals starting from five. Example: I see forty (one hundred) cups, I see forty (one hundred) cats. In the atypical numeral one and a half, the case declension takes into account the gender of the main noun in the phrase: one and a half glasses, BUT one and a half cups.

Declension of fractional numbers

A fractional numeral consists of three conditional parts - an integer part (which is omitted for numbers denoting proper fractions less than one and improper fractions), a numerator and a denominator. When changing in cases, all parts are inclined: eight point nine tenths, eight point nine tenths. The words one-two are used exclusively in the feminine gender both in the integer part and in the numerator: one whole two tenths, two whole one second.

Ordinal and collective

The formation of case word forms of ordinal numerals (of the form first, third, eighth) occurs according to the same principle as for adjectives in the plural form (first-first = bold-bold). In this case, do not forget about the gender category, which also matters for words of this type (eighth - eighth - eighth). When forming compound and complex ordinal numbers, only the last word, the last root (one hundred twenty-second, eightieth) is declined.

According to the same adjective type, case endings are formed in collective numbers(two, three, seven - two, three, seven) and the words both and both.

Despite the above set of rules, the declension of this part of speech has been and remains one of the most difficult topics in Russian grammar - even literate native speakers sometimes cannot name some of the forms. It is noteworthy that paradigms differ not only depending on the words, but also depending on the type of speech (written or oral). It is all the more important to always be able to check yourself either in a dictionary or on the Internet.

Name: Declension of numerals.

Numeral- an independent part of speech denoting the number, quantity and order of objects. Answers the questions: How much? Which? Which?

Numerals are divided into three lexical and grammatical categories:
1. Collective (both, two, five)
2. Quantitative (two, five, twenty, fifty, two hundred, three hundred and fifty one)
3. Ordinal (first, second, hundredth).

At the same time, quantitative numbers include definite-quantitative and indefinite-quantitative numerals. The first designate a certain number of units (two, four, fifteen, one hundred and fifty, two hundred), the second - an indefinite number of units; these include the words little, a lot, a lot, a little, as well as pronominal numerals a few, how much, how much, how much, how much.

Cardinal numbers denote the quantity itself, and collective- quantity as a set: there are four boys in the room, three of them have dark hair.

Declension of numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine occurs after the pattern of third declension nouns (night, shadow)

But: instrumental case: eight and eight.

-twenty, such as eleven, twelve, thirty and others are declined as follows:

Numerals ending in -ten, such as fifty, sixty, etc., decline as follows:

But: instrumental case - eighty and eighty

In compound numbers from fifty to eighty and from two hundred to nine hundred, both parts of the word are declined.

Declension of numbers 40, 90, 100.

Collective declension both, both

Declension of cardinal numbers

In compound quantitative numbers, all the words that form them decline, and nouns denoting countable objects, in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative, agree with the numeral in the case.
For example: a series of manuals with three hundred and sixty-seven drawings.
But: there are three hundred and sixty-seven drawings in the manual (sixty-three drawings).

The word thousand declines as a feminine noun to -a; the words million and billion are declined as masculine nouns with a stem in a consonant.

memo:

The numerals forty, ninety and one hundred have only two forms: forty, ninety, one hundred (i.p., v.p.) and forty, ninety, one hundred (in all other cases). Therefore, it is correct: with ninety rubles, about forty students, with a hundred problems, and NOT * with ninety rubles, about forty students, with a hundred problems.

The numeral one and a half has two forms of the nominative case - one and a half (m. R. and S. R.) and one and a half (F. R.): one and a half liters, one and a half logs, one and a half lives. The form of all indirect cases (except accusative) is one and a half. That's right: about a day and a half, and NOT * about a day and a half, * a day and a half.

CORRECT: Until what time is the library open? She works up to so many, NOT *up to how many, up to so many.

CORRECT: one thousand employees, one million employees, three thousand employees (e.g.), one thousand employees, one million employees, three thousand employees, one thousand employees and one thousand employees (e.g.).
CORRECT: address twenty-five thousand students, but address twenty-five thousand one hundred students.

Numerals are used in the language for lexical designation of the number, quantity or order of counted items. They can be simple (with one base - two, five), complex (with two bases - twelve, sixty) and compound (represented by several words - one hundred forty-seven, four thousand three hundred twenty-nine). Depending on the grammatical meaning and lexical use, numerals are divided into quantitative, ordinal, collective and fractional.

Compound cardinal numbers answer the question "how much?" and consist of several words written separately, corresponding to the number of significant figures, with the exception of zeros, but with the addition of "thousands", "millions" and other denoting the number of words. Cardinal numerals change in cases. Changing by numbers and gender is available only for ordinal (seventh, twentieth, thirty-first) numerals.

When declining compound quantitative numbers in cases, all parts change:

I.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

R.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

D.p. four thousand three hundred twenty-five

V.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Tv.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Ex. (o) four thousand three hundred and twenty five

For the correct declension of compound cardinal numbers, you need to know how their constituent numbers (both simple and complex) change in cases.

The declension of cardinal numbers does not have a common pattern for all. The numerals "two", "three", "four" are declined according to the type of mixed declension of adjectives:

I.p. two three four

R.p. two, three, four

D.p. two, three, four

V.p. two three four

Tv.p. two, three, four

Ex. (0) two, three, four

Numerals from "five" to "ten" and all ending in "-twenty" and "-ten" decline in the same way as nouns of the third declension.

I.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

R.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

D.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

V.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Tv.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Ex. (o) seven, seventeen, seventy

Complex cardinal numbers ending in "-ten" change in cases at the level of both bases (seventy).

When declining the numeral "eight" in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases, he drops a fluent vowel "e" (it changes to a soft sign - eight).

The numerals "eight" and everything ending in "-ten" can have two forms of declension: literary (see above) and colloquial (colloquial) - "eight", "fifty", "eighty".

Numerals indicating hundreds ("two hundred", "three hundred", "four hundred" and everything ending in "-hundred") change in cases in the same way as nouns of the first declension of the plural:

I.p. two hundred, six hundred

R.p. two hundred, six hundred

D.p. two hundred, six hundred

V.p. two hundred, six hundred

Tv.p. two hundred, six hundred

Ex. (o) two hundred, six hundred

Complex cardinal numbers ending in "-hundred" change in cases at the level of both bases (six hundred). In colloquial speech, they can be used in a more simplified form - six hundred.

Compound cardinal numbers in colloquial speech gravitate toward a simplified case change. One often hears how the internal foundations cease to change in them (“three thousand three hundred twenty-five” - instead of the prescribed “three thousand three hundred twenty-five”). It also happens that only the last element of the compound cardinal number is declined: (c) "three thousand three hundred twenty-five" instead of (c) "three thousand three hundred twenty-five."

In colloquial speech, the simplified declension of numerals is considered acceptable, in writing it is not. In order not to be mistaken, it is best to immediately correctly change each component of the composite number in cases. It is difficult, it requires some language practice, but there is nothing impossible in this. Practice on the proposed tables, and you can easily use compound cardinal numbers in the declension you need.

It was formed much later than a noun or adjective, so linguists do not always clearly qualify individual words as referring specifically to it. The reason for the confusion is some formal similarity between the numeral and other parts of speech.

Definition

The numeral is a significant part of speech, the categorical meaning of which is an integer, a designation of the number of objects, a fraction, an order in counting. So, integer cardinal numbers - three (houses), five (kopecks), one hundred (friends); fractional - five sixths (way), one second (glasses), three point eight tenths (percent); ordinal - first (lane), second (turn), sixth (cup).

Morphological features of numerals reflect their grammatical features. Most of the words of this part of speech do not change by gender and number (we will talk about exceptions later), and the declension of numerals has a number of features. Many of them go back to the case endings of nouns.

As for the sentence, numerals can act as a subject, predicate, definition, etc. The differentiation of numerals by category also determines their lexical and grammatical compatibility with words of other parts of speech.

Declension Features

The declension of numerals denoting integers is determined by several factors.

• the numeral "one" is declined like adjectives: one - dad's, one - dad's, one - dad's, one - blue;
• the numerals “two”, “three”, “four” are inclined according to the type of adjectives in the plural form: three - green, three - green, three - green, etc .;
• the declension of numbers from five to twenty is the same as for nouns of the 3rd declension: five, thirty - night; five, thirty - nights; five, thirty - at night, etc.;
• for numerals forty, ninety, one hundred, two forms of declension are considered correct: in the nominative and with a zero ending - forty crows and forty nights, in other case forms - with the ending -a: forty liters, about a hundred days, etc .;
• the numeral "thousand" changes according to the pattern of nouns of the 1st declension: thousands - aunts, thousands - aunts, about a thousand - about aunt;
• according to the type of nouns in the second declension, the declension of the numerals “million”, “billion” is also produced: million - a leopard, million - a leopard, about a million - about a leopard;
• if the numeral is complex, then when declining, all parts of it change. For example, the declension of quantitative numbers from fifty to eighty is made according to the 3rd declension of nouns: fifty-six - mother, about fifty-six - about mother;
• in complex numerals from two hundred to four hundred, both parts change during declension: two hundred, two hundred, about two hundred, two hundred and twenty, two hundred and twenty, etc .;
• for the correct declension of cardinal numbers from five hundred to nine hundred, you must always change the first part according to the model of nouns of the 3rd declension, and the second forms its own ending. The declension of numerals of this type is as follows: no five hundred rubles, to five hundred rubles, five hundred rubles, about five hundred rubles;
• if they are compound, then all the words of which they consist are inclined: no one hundred and forty-five people, say one hundred and forty-five people, done by one hundred and forty-five people, talk about one hundred and forty-five people;
• collective numerals also bow according to their own rules: both girls, both girls are absent, approach both girls, talk about both girls; or: five comrades, to five comrades, with five comrades, about five comrades;
• ordinal numbers, denoting the order of objects when counting, decline according to the pattern of adjectives with a hard and soft base: the first is blue, the first is blue, the first is blue, about the first is about blue; the third - blue, the third - blue, the third - blue, about the third - about blue. With this algorithm, the declension of ordinal numbers is easy to remember;
• fractional numerals in their declension combine the features of the declension of integer quantitative and ordinal numbers.

This article will become a cheat sheet for those who want to learn how to decline numerals by cases.

When declining numerals by cases, many people make mistakes. Quite often you can see the wrong endings. And if in oral speech this is not so conspicuous, then in writing errors are immediately visible. The complexity of the correct declension of this part of speech lies in the fact that there is no single rule. To correctly decline numerals, you should know a few rules.

Important: Numerals are not declined according to a pattern or a single pattern. There are several types of declensions.

Types of quantitative declensions

Types of ordinal declensions

We will analyze in more detail on examples in sentences, as well as in generalizing tables.

How to correctly decline quantitative numbers from 0 to 10 billion: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Quantitative - one of the categories of numerals, have a gender and answer the question "how much?".

Above, we have already considered the generalized rules for declining numerals. Now let's look at how to correctly decline the names of quantitative numerals using the example of a table.

If you need, for example, to decline the number 300 or 900, just look at the table to understand the principle.

Table 1

case	300 (three hundred)	900 (nine hundred)
AND.	three hundred	nine hundreds
R.	three hundred	nine hundred
D.	three hundred	nine hundred
AT.	three hundred	nine hundreds
T.	three hundred	nine hundred
P.	(about) three hundred	(about) nine hundred

Consider examples with nouns:

1. One thousand two hundred rubles were not enough for Roman to buy a bicycle.
2. Masha wanted to manage the donated one hundred rubles on her own.

How to decline ordinal numbers correctly: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: The digit ordinal numbers indicate the number of the object when counting. Answer the question "which", "which", "which", "what". For example: fifth ball, thirty-first mile.

table 2

case	The third	Thirtieth
AND.	the third	thirtieth
R.	third	thirtieth
D.	third	thirtieth
AT.	third	thirtieth, thirtieth
T.	third	thirtieth
P.	(about) the third	(o) thirtieth

Examples with nouns:

1. The second participant of the competition showed the best results.
2. Vanya is in his tenth year.
3. The fourth friend was not at home.

Comparative table of cardinal and ordinal numbers

How to decline collective numerals correctly: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Collective numbers are a narrower category than quantitative ones. Used with nouns, they serve to generalize several objects to one whole. For example, three friends, seven kids.

Table 3

case	Six	Two
AND.	six	two
R.	six	two
D.	six	two
AT.	six	two
T.	six	two (two)
P.	(o) six	(oh) two

Suggestion examples:

1. Five students took part in the annual Mathematics Olympiad.
2. Dinner for two in a restaurant will be the best gift on Valentine's Day.
3. Our cat brought six kittens.

How to decline numerals correctly: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Numerals are divided by composition into: simple, complex, compound. Compounds are made up of two or more words. For example: forty-two, three hundred and twenty-five, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

When declining compound numbers in cases, do not forget to change all words, see table. 4.

Table 4

case	Twenty seven	three hundred forty five
AND.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
R.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
D.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
AT.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
T.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
P.	(o) twenty seven	(o) three hundred and forty five

Examples of sentences with compound numbers:

1. The victory in the Great Patriotic War took place in 1945.
2. Twenty-two houses were overhauled.
3. The meeting was held with two hundred and forty-three employees of the company.

Important: In colloquial speech, the declension of compound numbers is simplified. It is permissible to inflect only the first and last word or only the last.

Declension of compound numbers

How to decline complex numerals correctly: rule, table, examples with nouns

Examples of complex numbers: eighty, two hundred thousandth, four hundred. Compound numerals combine two roots in one word: five + hundred.

Table "Declination of complex numbers"

Examples of sentences with complex numbers:

1. The kindergarten is attended by more than two hundred children of different ages.
2. Sixty schoolchildren were given vouchers to the sanatorium.
3. More than three hundred applications were submitted for the competition.

How to correctly decline numerals of fractional ordinary fractions by cases: rule, table, examples with nouns

Fractions consist of quantitative (numerator) and ordinal (denominator) numbers. For example, 1⁄2 is one second; 4⁄5 is four fifths.

For the correct declination of a fractional number, it is necessary to decline all its parts.

Table 5

Examples with nouns:

1. Add one third of a teaspoon of salt to the dough.
2. To two point three sixths add two point one eighth.

How to correctly decline numerals of decimal fractions by cases: rule, table, examples with nouns

Separately, consider the declination of decimal fractions in Table 6.

Table 6

case	1/10	1/100	1/1000
AND.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
R.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
D.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
AT.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
T.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
P.	(about) one tenth	(o) one hundredth	(o) one thousandth

Examples with nouns:

1. One tenth of a kilometer has already been covered.
2. Work has already been completed on one hundredth of the site.

Fractional numbers

How to properly decline numerals of mixed numbers in cases: rules, examples

Important: If the fraction of integers is zero, for example 0.5, then the word "whole" is not declined.

Table 7

Examples of sentences with fractional numbers:

1. Multiply four point five hundredths by three point seven hundredths.
2. Subtract one tenth from three point two hundredths.

Declension of the numeral one and a half, one and a half hundred in cases: features of the declension

The peculiarity of the declension of these numerals is that for the nominative and accusative cases - one form, for other cases - another. This can be seen in the table below.

Table "Declination one and a half, one and a half hundred"

Declension of the numeral one, one in cases: features of the declension

The numeral one is declined in exactly the same way as the pronoun "this".

Table "Declination of the number one"

Declension of the numeral two, two in cases: features of the declension

Table "Declination of the numeral two, two"

Declension of the numeral both, both in cases: features of the declension

The words both, both are collective numerals. The table in the figure below shows how these words should be declined.

Table "Declination of numerals both, both"

Now you know how to decline nouns. And if you forgot, you can read this article again.

Video: Number Declension Rules