Natural conditions affect almost all aspects of the daily life of the population, the features of their work, leisure and life, people's health and the possibility of their adaptation to new, unusual conditions.

The total assessment of natural conditions is determined by the level of their comfort for a person. For its measurement, up to 30 parameters are used (the duration of climatic periods, temperature contrast, climate humidity, wind regime, the presence of natural foci of infectious diseases, etc.).

According to the level of comfort stand out:

extreme territories(polar regions, high mountains
areas of high latitudes, etc.);

uncomfortable areas areas with severe natural
conditions that are unsuitable for the life of an unadapted population;
subdivided into cold humid(arctic deserts, tundra), arid
territories (deserts and semi-deserts), as well as mountainous areas;

hyper-comfortable areas - areas with limited
favorable natural conditions for the resettled population,
subdivided into boreal(temperate forests) and semiarid(steppes
temperate zone);

comfortable areas - areas with little
deviations from the natural optimum for the formation of a permanent
population;

comfortable areas - areas with almost ideal
environmental conditions for the life of the population, are characteristic of
southern part of the temperate zone, in Russia are represented by minor
areal areas.

The largest part of our country - the coldest in the world (the average annual temperature of the territory of Russia as a whole is below -5 degrees Celsius) - belongs to extreme and uncomfortable territories. However, the bulk of the population lives in regions with pre-comfortable and comfortable conditions. Within their limits - in Central Russia, in the North Caucasus, in the Middle Volga region - there are 25 subjects of the Russian Federation, most of the largest urban agglomerations.

concept "natural conditions" already in itself presupposes one or another type of economic activity. It is natural conditions that often predetermine the economic diversity of human activity, the sectoral specialization of individual regions, and the pace of economic and social development. It is essential that the influence of natural conditions on the national economy is ambiguous and largely depends on the level of development and the economic situation of the country or region.

Natural conditions are of paramount importance for those branches of the national economy that operate in the open. First of all, it is agriculture, forestry and water management. Their specialization and efficiency of development are directly related to soil fertility, climate, and the water regime of the territory. They also influence transport and many other industries and

economic spheres.

It is known, for example, that when organizing the extraction of minerals, not only their reserves and qualitative characteristics are taken into account, but also the conditions of their occurrence, which directly affect the method, scale and cost of extraction. In the practice of the mining industry, it often happens that not the richest, but relatively poor, but located in more favorable natural conditions, become the most economical deposits.

Almost all types of construction are in great dependence on natural conditions. Its cost is predetermined by such terrain parameters as soil strength and watering, the degree of seismicity, swampiness of the territory, the presence of permafrost, mountainous terrain, etc. The creation of the same type of functional facility in the northern and northeastern regions of Russia can be an order of magnitude more expensive than in the south of the European territory of the country.

The natural parameters of the territory have a significant impact on the organization of urban utilities. Thus, the cost of heating, water supply, sewerage, lighting of dwellings, as well as their construction, also differ significantly depending on the climate and engineering and geological conditions. In the northern regions of Russia, the heating season lasts up to 10 months a year compared to 4-5 months in the south of the country. Correspondingly, the costs also increase.

In the north and in other regions with extreme natural conditions, there is a need to create special technical equipment adapted to these conditions, for example, with an increased margin of safety. In the northern version, this is the ability to withstand low temperatures, in the southern version, high temperatures, and for regions with a monsoon climate, the ability to work normally in especially humid conditions. For Russia, most of the territory is located in precisely such - extreme natural conditions - this is especially significant.

Special attention deserves the question of the natural conditions for agriculture, where they have played and are playing a decisive role. The specialization and efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy, especially for Russia, are directly related to the natural fertility of soils, climate, and the water regime of the territory.

The way different crops are grown and farm animals are raised depends on agro-climatic conditions - resources of Shmat in relation to the interests (requests) of agriculture. The influence of climatic conditions on agricultural production can be quantified through agro-climatic indicators. Agricultural assessment of the climate is based on a comparison of the agro-climatic conditions of the territory with

requirements of ecologically different cultivated plants to their life factors.

Obviously, agro-climatic conditions have significant differences from place to place. Understanding the patterns of agro-climatic differentiation is necessary not only for managing the agricultural sector of the national economy, but also for the purposes of political and economic analysis. It has been calculated, for example, that the agro-climatic potential of the United States is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of Russia. It follows from this natural scientific fact that, at equal costs, the productivity of US agriculture will always be higher by at least the same amount than in our country.

When assessing agro-climatic conditions, as, indeed, for a number of other practical purposes, they use data on zonal differences in the country's territory. On the territory of Russia, there is a change of natural zones from north to south: arctic deserts, tundra, forest tundra, forests (subdivided into subzones of taiga and mixed and broad-leaved forests), forest-steppes, steppes, semi-deserts and subtropics.

multimedia lesson

Compiled and hosted by:

Posokhova T.M.

geography teacher MBOU "Troitskaya secondary school"

Annotation for the lesson

The study of physical geography completes the section "Man and Nature". One of the last lessons of this section, "The influence of natural conditions on human life and health," sums up the work in the 8th grade on the formation of key competencies in geography through the use of interactive technologies, including information and telecommunication.

The lesson on this topic systematizes and generalizes knowledge about the importance of nature in human life and economic activity, about natural resources, about the role of geographical science and provides a transition to the study of the economic and social geography of our country.

The educational potential of this lesson is huge.

Schoolchildren come to the conclusion that geographical knowledge plays a huge role in solving various problems of the national economy, they will see the place of man in nature. Possibilities of its positive and negative impact on nature in the conditions of scientific and technological progress.

And most importantly, schoolchildren should realize the need for geographical knowledge in real life in order to be able to preserve and protect nature. It is reasonable to use its wealth, to be able to save one's life in case of adverse events.

Geography lesson in 8th grade.

Lesson topic: Human and nature. The influence of natural conditions on life and

human health..

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

1. Formation of new knowledge and skills about the problems of interaction between man and nature, especially the influence of natural conditions on the way of life of people, their health and occupations.

2. To generalize and systematize knowledge about the relationship of natural factors with the conditions and lifestyle of the population, to teach students to assess unfavorable and comfortable living conditions.

3. To develop rules of conduct in case of adverse and natural phenomena and measures to protect nature from adverse anthropogenic impacts.

4. To acquaint with the objects of natural and cultural heritage in Russia. 5.Develop skills of independent work with sources of geographic information.

6. Speak in front of an audience and listen, select the necessary information.

Educational visual complex:

The lesson takes place in the computer class is using a multimedia projector.

Interactive maps: physical, climatic, environmental

Lesson type: combined using multimedia resources and Internet resources

Reference and information material; self-composed presentations; electronic textbook “Geography of Russia. Nature, 8th grade.

Terms and concepts: habitat, natural conditions, natural

resources, favorable conditions, extreme

living conditions, medical geography,

recreational geography, Murmonsk, Yakuts, highlanders,

taiga natural disasters, objects of the world

natural and cultural heritage of Russia.

Geographic features: Kola Peninsula. Murmansk, Yakutia, Sochi,

Republic of Komi, Kamchatka, Caucasus, Krasnodar

Required knowledge and skills for learning in the lesson:

The influence of natural conditions on human life and health;

Favorable conditions for human life and activity;

Extreme conditions;

Causes of natural disasters and personal security measures;

The impact of human activities on natural complexes;

Measures for the protection of individual objects of nature (Objects of the World Natural Heritage of Russia)

Reference and information material.

(on the desktop of each student)

Name

Location

Peculiarities

Astrakhan delta

Delta of the Volga River

Reserve with unique flora and fauna

Lake Ladoga

Unique nature. Monastery 14th century

North-West of Russia

Moreno - hilly landscape, lake. Seliger, the source of the Volga

The bend of the Volga river

Mountains cut by ravines. Peculiar nature

Martial waters

The first resort in Russia, founded in 1719

Valdai Hills

Lake with a unique landscape

Virgin forests of Komi

Komi Republic

untouched forests

Unique natural objects of the Russian Plain.

A set of exercises for the eyes.

Exercises are performed sitting or standing. Turning away from the screen, with rhythmic breathing with a maximum amplitude of eye movements.

OPTION 1.

Close eyes. Without straining the eye muscles, at the expense of one - four, then close your eyes, relaxing the muscles of the eyes, look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.

Look at the bridge of your nose and hold your eyes on the count of 1-4. Do not bring your eyes to fatigue. Then open your eyes to look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times

Without turning your head, look to the right and fix your eyes on the count 1-4, then look into the distance directly on the count 1-6. Exercises are carried out in a similar way, but with fixation of the gaze to the left. Up and down. Repeat 3-4 times.

Move your eyes quickly diagonally: up to the right - down to the left, then straight into the distance at the expense of 1-6; then left up right down and look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment. Setting goals and objectives of the lesson.

Presentation "Man and Nature" - slide 1

2. Working with terms

Presentation "Man and Nature" - slide 2. (on screen)

(trainees work with the reference book of the electronic textbook "Geography of Russia" Educational collection Grade 8. Edited by V.P. Dronov.

3. Research work. HOW MAN INTERACTS WITH NATURE.

Individual working folder of students on the desktop - Presentation No. 1 "Interaction between man and nature"

(Work in pairs.) Tasks:

1para.-Study the materials and establish: how a person interacts with the lithosphere;

2nd - what natural phenomena occur in the lithosphere and measures to protect life and health during natural phenomena;

3rd - the impact of climate on human life and activity;

4th-interaction - water and man;

5th - natural phenomena associated with water;

6th pair - study measures for the protection of the organic world and propose your own

Coordinating Council: prepare questions for couples and come up with a leading task “How people protect nature.” Natural monuments of Russia

Working with information and reference material.

Presentation #2

Physical education (rest for the eyes)

3.Teamwork. Continue presentation… Natural and anthropogenic landscapes” Presentation №3

We know that a person adapts to the environment (clothing, housing, lifestyle). But man also changes the environment: he drains swamps, extracts minerals, irrigates. Often changes nature unintentionally, without expecting final, unpredictable results. Give your examples....

CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY

Fizkultminutka (mobile)

New topic

The influence of natural conditions on the life and health of people.

Group work.

Natural conditions affect human life and health. Let's. Let's take a look at this impact today.

Group 1 - Murmonsk work with presentation No. 4.

2..group - Yakuts work with presentation No. 5

3. group - highlanders work with presentation No. 6

Group 4 - Krasnodar work with presentation No. 7

5. group - residents of the tundra work with presentation No. 8

6. group - residents of Valdai work on the site http :// www . li 4 ki . en

Describe living conditions, lifestyle:

The main occupation of the population;

Additional occupations of the population;

Natural conditions in which peoples live;

What are clothes made from?

Explain the reasons for this lifestyle.

A representative of each group makes a presentation showing a presentation.

Findings:

Man adapts to the conditions of life. But in the conditions of the North, where 10 million people live (out of 12.5 million people in the world northerners), people have to spend a lot of energy to overcome difficulties. In the North, more fuel is needed, more fuel, more consumption of building materials (thicker walls of houses), warmer expensive clothes, warmer, more expensive clothes, more high-calorie food.

- Why do people live in difficult natural conditions of the North?

Why oil production costs us more than in the Gulf countries. More expensive coal and other resources?

- Natural conditions affect health. Find in the text of the textbook what medical geography does?

4. Working with geographic objects. Apply to / to Russia; slide number 2 presentation "Man and nature"

5 . Reflection

6. Homework: ind. tasks: prepare messages (presentations are possible) - about floods, earthquakes, hurricanes;

About measures of protection against natural phenomena

Activities for the protection of nature

Monuments of the World Natural Heritage of Russia

References:

1.Geography of Russia. In 2 books. Book 1: Nature. Population. Economy. Grade 8: textbook. for 8-9 cells. general education Institutions/V.P.Dronov, I.I.Barinova, V.Ya.Rom, A.A.Lobzhanidze; ed. V.P. Dronova. – 10th ed., stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2009

2.Geography of Russia: Proc. for 8-9 cells. general education Institutions / Ed. A.I. Alekseeva: In 2 books. Book 1: Nature and population. Grade 8 - 4th ed., stereotype - M .: Bustard, 2003

3.Geography of Russia. Grades 8-9: Methodical manual. Barinova I.I. Rum V.Ya - M .: Bustard, 1997.

4.Geography of Russia. Nature. Grade 8: Your reference book. Materials for lessons. Elkin G.N. - St. Petersburg: "Parity", 2005

5.Geography of Russia.Nature. Grade 8: Method. Benefit. Elkin G.N. - St. Petersburg: "Parity", 2003

6. Geography lessons using information technologies. 6-9 grades. Methodological guide. Kugut I.A., Eliseeva L.I et al. - M.: Globus, 2008

7. Internet resources.

Variety of factors and their classification

The factors that affect human health and determine his lifestyle, as well as the quality of life, include:

• biological (such as hereditary traits, including the type of higher nervous activity, features of morphology, composition, temperament, etc.);
• natural (this includes climate, landscape, flora, fauna, natural disasters - avalanches, tornadoes, droughts, floods, tsunamis, tornadoes), environmental quality;
• socio-economic;
• health status.

So, for example, the state of the environment affects health by 15-20% - in the same proportion as genetic factors.

Remark 1

In general, environmental factors are divided into natural and anthroponotic, that is, created by people in places of permanent residence. They can be either small in intensity and permanent, or short-term, but powerful.

Conditions of existence that affect the body

The list of natural conditionsaffecting human health is quite large. This is also a characteristic of the atmosphere, the landscape of the area and the nature of the landscape where a person lives, the aquatic environment, its environment, flora and fauna of the biosystem. Such influences as noticeable fluctuations in atmospheric pressure (especially for weather-dependent people), energy effects (including physical fields, the rhythm of natural phenomena) and some others are considered proven.

Example 1

The first in the $XX$ century to draw attention to the energy phenomena associated with the Sun was the Soviet scientist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky, who discovered the patterns of the influence of solar activity on the prevalence of many diseases. Later, the influence of the phases of the moon (biorhythms) on the well-being of a person, on some of his conditions and medical indicators was also proven.

Among the main physical factors affecting health are temperature, air humidity, vibration, radiation, electromagnetic and sound vibrations.

A large proportion falls on the radiation background. If it is exceeded (remember the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant), serious health problems, consisting in the deterioration of body functions and a tendency to frequent illnesses, are guaranteed.

Human health is affected by a number of chemical factors that enter the body with inhaled air, through the skin, with food, and water. These include health-damaging tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust fumes, smoke from burning landfills and burning leaves (the harmful practice of burning leaf litter is widespread).

State of the environment

The first attempts to interfere in nature began with the appearance of man on Earth. In the future, the transformation of nature “for itself” took active forms, by now acquiring a global character. And today, only a third of the land area of ​​​​our planet does not bear visible traces of human activity. In different regions, this figure varies greatly, for example, in our country, 33.6% of the area belongs to such territories, in North America - 37.5%, in Africa - 27.5%, and in Europe - no more than 2.8% . Of the many forests that provided the Earth's atmosphere with oxygen, only the forests of Siberia and the Amazon are capable of continuing this function.

Remark 2

The increase in emissions from various technological processes has led to the accumulation of up to 350 different carcinogens in the atmospheric air, of which approximately one in six has particularly strong pathogenic properties.

Territories adversely affecting human health include, in particular: arctic and subarctic landscapes, continental arid and subarid landscapes, tropical and subtropical landscapes.

In Russia, only 1/3 of its area falls on the territory with favorable conditions for the existence of people. Although a person is not able to completely free himself from the negative influence of the natural environment, he adapts to some extent, adapts to its conditions.

- this is the whole material world of the Universe, organic and inorganic. But in everyday life, another definition is more often used, in which nature means the natural habitat, i.e. anything that was created without human intervention. Throughout its existence, people have often become the culprits of environmental changes. But the role of nature in people's lives is also colossal, and it should not be underestimated.

Habitat

Man is a part of nature, he "grows" out of it and exists in it. A certain atmospheric pressure, earth temperature, water with salts dissolved in it, oxygen - all this is the natural state of the planet, which is optimal for humans. It is enough to remove one of the elements of the "constructor", and the consequences will be disastrous. And any change in nature can cause dramatic changes in the life of all mankind. That is why the assertion that nature can exist without man, and man cannot exist without it, is especially relevant.

The main source of consumer goods

Luxury goods are created by people, but we satisfy our primary needs at the expense of nature. It is the world around us that gives us everything we need for existence: air, food, protection, resources. Natural resources are involved in many areas: construction, agriculture, food industry.

We no longer live in caves, but prefer comfortable houses. Before we eat what grows on the ground, we process and cook it. We do not cover ourselves with animal skins, but we sew clothes from fabrics obtained by processing natural materials. Undoubtedly, a lot of what the planet gives, a person transforms and improves for a comfortable life. Despite all the power, humanity will not be able to develop outside of nature and without the base that it provides us with. Even in space, outside the Earth, people have to use recycled natural goods.

- This is a huge hospital that can heal from various ailments. Numerous medicines and cosmetics have been developed based on plants. Often, to improve health, resources are used almost in their original form, for example, in herbal medicine, hydrotherapy and mud therapy.

Human dependence on natural conditions

For many years, under the influence of climate, relief, resources, customs, features of activity, aesthetic views and the character of the population of a particular country were formed. We can safely say that the role of nature underlies many social processes. Even the appearance of a person depends on the region from which his ancestors originated.

The health of many people depends on weather conditions. Well-being and emotional state may vary depending on the phases of the moon, solar activity, magnetic storms and other phenomena. The level of air pollution, its humidity, temperature, oxygen concentration - all this can also affect a person's well-being. For example, city dwellers after resting by the river notice an improvement in their physical and psychological state.

Million-plus cities, modern cars, the latest technologies - looking at all this, it seems that a person has learned to successfully exist outside of nature. In fact, humanity is still dependent on conditions that it cannot change. For example, its economy depends on the quantity and condition of natural resources on the territory of the state. Weather conditions determine the features of the buildings of the settlement and living conditions. Such a variety of national cuisines arose as a result of the climatic features of the regions, as well as the flora and fauna.

Aesthetic and scientific value

Nature acts as a source of a wide variety of information that helps build relationships with the outside world. Thanks to the data that the planet stores, we can know who inhabited the Earth thousands and millions of years ago. Today we can, if not prevent natural disasters, then at least protect ourselves from them. And a person even learned to direct some phenomena in his favor. and human learning. The child is introduced to the world around him, taught to protect, preserve and ennoble him. Without this, no educational process is possible.

The importance of nature in cultural life cannot be ignored. We contemplate, admire, enjoy. It is a source of inspiration for writers, artists and musicians. This is what artists have sung and will sing in their creations. Many believe that the beauty and harmony of nature even has a healing effect on the body. Although the spiritual component is not the first necessity for the life of the population, it plays a crucial role in the life of society.