For centuries, wars have been going on in the world, soldiers are dying, giving their lives for their homeland, whose names very often remain unknown.

Out of respect for their feat, almost every country has Cenotaph, where those whose descendants do not know where their graves come to bow, who simply honor the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives for our peaceful life.

There are many such monuments in Russia, and the most famous one is Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a memorial in Moscow near the Kremlin.

Important words are written there. Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal. There is an eternal flame burning.

They say that the first monument to the unknown soldier was erected in London, back in 1920, where the remains of those soldiers whose names could not be established were buried.



There are similar monuments in Bulgaria,



in Australia, in Argentina, in Italy, in the Crimea, in Lithuania. and other countries.

One of the famous monuments to the unknown Russian soldier who saved the German girl is this monument in Berlin in Treptow Park.



The first monument to the Unknown Soldier appeared in the middle of the 19th century. There may have been earlier, but no information has been preserved. This monument was erected in the Danish city of Fredericia in 1858 in memory of those killed during the Danish-Prussian war that took place nine years earlier. The monument bears the name of the Unknown Infantryman.

A little later in the USA a similar monument was opened in Biloxi. But a fairly large establishment of monuments of this direction took place in the 20s of the last century after the end of the First World War. In 1920, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers appeared in France and Great Britain when the bodies of unknown soldiers were buried. This ritual of memory was then adopted by many countries (Belgium, Italy, Portugal, etc.) and similar memorials were also opened at home.



In Russia a similar tradition began in 1919, when a memorial to the victims of both revolutions and the Civil War (1917-1922) was opened on the Field of Mars. The use of the Eternal Flame on such memorials originated in 1965 in Veliky Novgorod, when the reburial of unknown soldiers who fell in the battles of World War II was held there.

Most our famous monument-memorial to the Unknown Soldier, this is, of course, near Red Square. Opened on the 25th anniversary of the Victory, it became a symbol of heroism and exploits of soldiers who gave their lives in the name of Victory. For reference: Under this memorial, an unknown soldier from the Panfilov Rifle Division, who defended the approaches to Moscow at the station. Kryukovo.

My opinion that any monument dedicated to wars and military operations, whether it be a tank, a stella, a memorial plaque or a memorial sign, these are all monuments for the Unknown Soldier.

Practically in every settlement (and we are no exception) there are monuments with the names of the dead fellow villagers engraved, but these are only the names, because most of these people are Unknown Soldiers ... they still rest there - on the battlefields.



Yes, after the Great Patriotic War, there are such monuments in almost all cities where there is a memorial of glory, since there were so many victims on the eastern front that it was simply impossible to identify everyone. Therefore, in order to give memory of the wars of that war, on a comprehensive scale, such monuments were created.

This is how it looks in the city of Tiraspol, where I live, where it is located at the very end of the memorial, near the wall.

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Monument to Warriors-Internationalists (Sterlitamak)- This article is proposed for deletion. An explanation of the reasons and a corresponding discussion can be found on the Wikipedia page: To be deleted / October 14, 2012. While the process is discussed ... Wikipedia

Historically, during wars, many soldiers died and their remains were not or could not be identified.

In the 20th century, after the end of the bloody World War I, a tradition began to form, according to which nations and states erect monuments to the Unknown Soldier, symbolizing memory, gratitude and respect for all the dead soldiers whose remains were never identified.
The first monument to the unknown soldier appeared in London in 1920. Typically, such monuments are placed on the grave, which contains the remains of a deceased soldier, whose identity is unknown and it is considered impossible to establish it.
And it is these monuments that are the most revered.

Turkey.

It was erected in memory of the unknown martyrs of the Canakkale front who died during the Dardanelles operation of the First World War. Opened August 20, 1960.

Bulgaria, Haskovo.

Monument to Dunno warrior.

Spain Madrid.

Built in 1840, it houses the remains of unknown fighters who died in the May 2 Uprising.

Greece. Constitution Square, Athens.

Finland. Hietaniemi Military Cemetery, Helsinki.

Peace Tower. Built in 1970 in the city of Tondabayashi (Japan) by followers of the Ideal Free Church. It is a symbol of peace throughout the world; inside, unidentified remains of people are buried, and the list of those who died from hostilities is constantly updated, regardless of nationality, religion and race.

Stele of the Unknown Soldier in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Romania. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Karol Park, Bucharest.

Egypt. Cairo: Includes the tomb of President Anwar Sadat.

Russia. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Alexander Garden, Moscow.

Serbia. Monument to the Unknown Hero (since 1938), Mount Avala, Belgrade.

Estonia. "Bronze Soldier", Military Cemetery, Tallinn.

Unkown soldiers grave. Carabobo, Venezuela.

Canada. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Confederate Square, Ottawa.

Indonesia. "Field of Honor", Bandung

Memorial to the Unknown Soldier, next to the grave of an unknown sailor at the Kembang Kuning military cemetery in Surabaya.

Belgium. Congress Column, Brussels: The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is at the base of the column.

Syria. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Damascus.

Hungary. Heroes Square, Budapest.

Ukraine. Park of Eternal Glory, Kyiv

The Monument of Eternal Glory, opened on November 6, 1957, is an obelisk 27 meters high. At the foot of the obelisk, on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the Eternal Flame burns. The alley of Fallen Heroes leads to the obelisk. On both sides of it there are tombstones over the graves of 34 hero warriors.

Czech Republic. National Memorial on Zizkov (Vitkov) Hill, Prague.

Argentina. Cathedral, Buenos Aires: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Independence.

Israel. "Garden of the Missing", Mount Herzl, Jerusalem.

Memorial of Heroes. Zimbabwe, Harare.

Germany. Unter den Linden, Berlin

Inside the 19th century guardhouse (Neue Wache).

Brazil. National Monument to those killed in World War II, Rio de Janeiro.

Lithuania. Kaunas, Vienybes Square

The grave of Nezinomas kareivis, with the remains of a soldier who died during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence in 1919.

Poland. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Marshal Piłsudski Square, Warsaw

It was built as an arcade of the Saxon Palace, destroyed in 1944. There are the remains of soldiers who died between 1918 and 1920.

Portugal. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Monastery of Batalha.

Italy. Grave of Milite Ignoto as part of the Vittoriano complex. Rome, Piazza Venezia.

"Tomb of the Unknowns", Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, United States of America.

France. Under the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.

United Kingdom. "Unknown Warrior", Westminster Abbey, London.

India. "Amar Jawan Jyoti (Flame of the Immortal Warrior)", India Gate, New Delhi.

Australia. Australian War Memorial, Canberra.

Monument to fallen soldiers fighting for freedom. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Austria. Heldenplatz (Heroes' Square), Vienna.

Peru. Plaza Bolivar (Bolivar Square), Lima: contains the remains of a soldier who died in 1881 during the Second Pacific War.

In December 1966, on the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow, the ashes of the Unknown Soldier were transferred to the Alexander Garden from the 41st kilometer of the Leningrad Highway - the place of bloody battles.

The eternal flame of glory, bursting out from the middle of a bronze military star, was lit from a flame blazing on the Field of Mars in St. Petersburg. “Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal” - inscribed on the granite slab of the tombstone.

On the right, along the Kremlin wall, urns are lined up where the sacred land of the hero cities is kept.

Website of the President

FIGHTS AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE LENINGRAD AND LYALOVSKY HIGHWAYS

In 1967, a local forester, an eyewitness to a fierce battle at the 41st kilometer, told about an unusual episode of the battle in 1941 to the builders of Zelenograd, who helped build a monument with a T-34 tank: “German armored vehicles were approaching along the highway from Chashnikov ... Suddenly Our tank moved towards them. Having reached the intersection, the driver jumped into the ditch on the move, and a few seconds later the tank was hit. A second tank followed. History repeated itself: the driver jumped, the enemy shot, another tank cluttered the highway. So a kind of barricade of wrecked tanks was formed. The Germans were forced to look for a detour to the left

An excerpt from the memoirs of the commissar of the 219th howitzer regiment, Alexei Vasilyevich Penkov (see: Proceedings of the GZIKM, issue 1. Zelenograd, 1945, p. 65-66): the resistance of our neighbor on the left ... and through the village of Matushkino, tank units entered the Moscow-Leningrad highway, semi-surrounding our rifle units and began shelling firing positions with tank guns. Dozens of German dive bombers hung in the air. Communication with the command post of the regiment was broken. Two divisions deployed for all-round defense. They shot at German tanks and infantry with direct fire. Chuprunov, I and the signalers were 300 meters from the firing positions of the batteries on the church bell tower in the village of B. Rzhavka.

With the onset of darkness, the Nazis calmed down and fell silent. We went to see the battlefield. The picture for the war is familiar, but terrible: half of the compositions of the gun crews died, many commanders of fire platoons and guns failed. 9 guns, 7 tractors were destroyed. The last wooden houses and barns on this western outskirts of the village were burning down...

On December 1, in the area of ​​the village of B. Rzhavka, the enemy only occasionally fired mortars. On this day, the situation stabilized ...

HERE AN UNKNOWN SOLDIER DIE

Newspapers in early December 1966 reported that on December 3, Muscovites bowed their heads in front of one of their heroes - the Unknown Soldier, who died in the harsh days of December 1941 on the outskirts of Moscow. In particular, the Izvestia newspaper wrote: “... he was slain for the Fatherland, for his native Moscow. That's all we know about him."

On December 2, 1966, representatives of the Moscow City Council and a group of soldiers and officers of the Taman division arrived at the place of the former burial place on the 41st km of the Leningradskoye Highway around noon. The Taman soldiers cleared the snow around the grave and proceeded to open the grave. At 2:30 pm, the remains of one of the soldiers resting in a mass grave were placed in a coffin, twined with an orange-black ribbon - a symbol of the soldier's Order of Glory, on the lid of the coffin in the heads - a helmet of the 41st year. A coffin with the remains of the Unknown Soldier was placed on the pedestal. All evening, all night and the next morning, changing every two hours, young soldiers with machine guns, veterans of the war, stood in the guard of honor at the coffin.

Cars passing by were stopping, people were coming from the surrounding villages, from the village of Kryukovo, from Zelenograd. On December 3, at 11:45 a.m., the coffin was placed on an open car, which moved along the Leningradskoye Highway to Moscow. And everywhere along the way, the funeral procession was accompanied by residents of the Moscow region, lined up along the highway.

In Moscow, at the entrance to the street. Gorky (now Tverskaya), the coffin was transferred from the car to an artillery carriage. An armored personnel carrier with a deployed combat banner moved on to the sounds of a mourning march of a military brass band. He was accompanied by soldiers of the guard of honor, participants in the war, participants in the defense of Moscow.

The cortege was approaching the Alexander Garden. Here everything is ready for the rally. On the podium among the leaders of the party and government - participants in the battle for Moscow - Marshals of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov and K.K. Rokossovsky.

“The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the ancient walls of the Moscow Kremlin will become a monument of eternal glory to the heroes who died on the battlefield for their native land, from now on the ashes of one of those who shielded Moscow with their breasts rest here,” these are the words of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, said at the rally.

A few months later, on May 8, 1967, on the eve of Victory Day, the monument "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" was unveiled and the Eternal Flame was lit.

IN NO OTHER COUNTRY

EMAR VILLAGE (Primorsky Territory), September 25, 2014. The head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation, Sergei Ivanov, supported the proposal to make December 3 the Day of the Unknown Soldier.

“Such a memorable day, if you like, a day of remembrance, could well be done,” he said, responding to a proposal made during a meeting with the winners and participants of the competition among school search teams “Search. Finds. Opening".

Ivanov noted that this is especially relevant for Russia, given that there were no such number of missing soldiers as in the USSR in any country. According to the head of the presidential administration, the majority of Russians will support the establishment of December 3 as the Day of the Unknown Soldier.

THE FEDERAL LAW

ON AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLE 1.1 OF THE FEDERAL LAW "ON THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY AND MEMORABLE DATES OF RUSSIA"

To introduce into Article 1.1 of the Federal Law of March 13, 1995 N 32-FZ "On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia" ... the following changes:

1) add a new paragraph fourteen of the following content:

President of Russian Federation

Consultant Plus

UNKNOWN SOLDIER

For the first time, this concept itself (as well as a memorial) appeared in France, when on November 11, 1920, an honorary burial of an unknown soldier who died in the First World War was made in Paris near the Arc de Triomphe. And then the inscription “Un soldat inconnu” appeared on this memorial and the Eternal Flame was solemnly lit.

Then, in England, at Westminster Abbey, a memorial appeared with the inscription "Soldier of the Great War, whose name is known to God." Later, such a memorial appeared in the United States, where the ashes of an unknown soldier were buried at the Arlington Cemetery in Washington. The inscription on the tombstone: "Here lies a famous and honored American soldier, whose name only God knows."

In December 1966, on the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow, the ashes of an unknown soldier were transferred to the Kremlin wall from a burial place near the 41st kilometer of the Leningradskoye Highway. On the slab lying on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, an inscription is made: “Your name is unknown. Your feat is immortal "(author of the words - poet Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov).

Used: in the literal sense, as a symbol of all the dead soldiers, whose names have remained unknown.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. M., 2003