Military history work. See what "Military-historical work" is in other dictionaries

MINISTER OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER

On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation


In order to organize military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

I order:

1. Approve and put into effect from March 1, 2015 the attached Regulations on military historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

2. Recognize as invalid from March 1, 2015 the orders of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2001 N 265 and 2005 N 259.

3. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Minister of Defense
Russian Federation
army General
S. Shoigu

Application. Regulations on military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

I. General provisions

1. This Regulation determines the directions, content, forms and organization of military history work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation*, the tasks of military command and control bodies and organizations of the Armed Forces in the field of military history work, as well as the procedure for planning and controlling this work.
________________
* Further in the text of this Regulation, unless otherwise specified, for brevity will be referred to as: the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the Armed Forces; Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - by the Ministry of Defense; the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the General Staff; military historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - military historical work.

2. Military historical work is an integral part of the scientific work carried out in the Armed Forces, and is an activity to study topical issues of military history and implement the results obtained into the theory and practice of military (naval) affairs, use knowledge of the history of wars and military art , the history of the construction of the armed forces and the development of military thought, the history of the development of weapons and military equipment in the interests of training and military-patriotic education of the personnel of the Armed Forces, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation.

3. The regulatory legal framework for military historical work is: the Constitution of the Russian Federation, acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, legal acts of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as this Regulation.

The methodological base of military history work consists of: a set of general scientific and special methods of military history research, the accumulated positive experience of using military history knowledge in the practice of building and training the Armed Forces, training and education of military personnel, methodological recommendations for organizing and conducting military history work in Armed Forces.

The source base for research work in the field of military history is the documents of state, federal and departmental archives, funds of museums and libraries, scientific works and developments in the field of military history in general and special branches of military history: military historiography, military historical source studies, military archeography , military archeology and military statistics.

4. The main directions of military history work are: military history research, the implementation of their results, the use of military history knowledge in the training of military personnel and military patriotic work.

Military historical research is carried out in accordance with the established procedure by specialized research organizations**, military educational organizations of higher education (hereinafter referred to as military educational institutions), scientific departments of museums and other organizations of the Armed Forces in order to gain new knowledge in the field of military history. The procedure for organizing and conducting military-historical research, their execution, reporting, acceptance and implementation is determined by the Regulations on Scientific Work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
________________
** Hereinafter, in the text of this Regulation, research organizations are understood as research institutes of the Ministry of Defense (centers).


The use of military historical knowledge in the training of military personnel is carried out in order to deepen their military historical knowledge, contributing to the expansion of their horizons, the purposeful formation of a sense of patriotism.

The training of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel in military history specialties is carried out in accordance with the established procedure in doctoral studies, postgraduate studies, as well as by attaching to military educational institutions and specialized research organizations to prepare a dissertation for the degree of candidate of sciences.

5. Military history work includes:

development of draft documents on the organization and conduct of military history work;

conducting research in the field of the history of wars, the history of military art, the history of military thought, the history of the development of the Armed Forces, the history of the creation of weapons and military equipment, on problems of foreign military history;

carrying out activities to introduce the results of military historical research into the practice of development, training and use of the Armed Forces, training and education of personnel of the Armed Forces;

organization of military history training for servicemen;

formation of a system and development of training programs for scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in the field of military history, planning and carrying out activities aimed at increasing their military-historical knowledge;

development of textbooks on military history, history of wars and military art for military educational institutions and manuals for troops (forces);

propaganda of military-historical knowledge, history and traditions of the Armed Forces;

preparation of recommendations for updating existing and creating new expositions of military museums and rooms of military glory, taking into account new historical facts introduced into scientific circulation;

generalization and dissemination of advanced experience in military history work;

development of military historical works, reviews and essays on the history of the Armed Forces, types and arms of the Armed Forces, associations, formations, military units, organizations of the Armed Forces and institutions;

maintenance of historical forms (journals, certificates);

preparation of proposals for improving the system and methods of work of the military command and control bodies responsible for organizing scientific work, in terms of carrying out measures for the military-historical work of the Armed Forces;

interaction in accordance with the established procedure with organizations conducting and providing military-historical research in the interests of the country's defense.

6. The main forms of military history work are:

performance of research work on military history, development of military history, military theory and scientific reference works, monographs, textbooks and teaching aids, writing dissertations, preparation of lectures, articles, reports, messages, reviews and conclusions, historical references and materials ;

holding scientific conferences, meetings, seminars and other events on military-historical issues;

conducting training sessions;

conducting field (sea) military-historical trips (campaigns) and excursions, trips to the places of battles, training camps, anniversary celebrations, rituals, themed evenings, meetings with veterans, visiting museums, memorials, rooms of military glory and other memorable military-historical places;

publication of articles, essays, archival documents, reports in the media, the creation of films and videos, television and radio programs on military historical topics, the organization of exhibitions and expositions, participation in the work of military historical public organizations;

work in archives (libraries) to study military and other documents, work with sources in museum funds;

establishment and development of creative ties with military-historical organizations of the countries of near and far abroad.

II. Organization of military historical work, tasks of military command and control bodies and organizations of the Armed Forces in the field of military historical work

7. General management of military historical work in the Armed Forces is carried out by the General Staff (Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces).

Military historical work is organized in accordance with the established procedure by the military command and control bodies responsible for organizing military scientific work, and is carried out by military educational institutions and specialized research organizations.

8. The organizational and methodological management of military history work in the Armed Forces as a whole, as well as the scientific and methodological management of military history research, is carried out by the Military Science Committee of the Armed Forces.

9. Scientific and methodological guidance of military-historical work in the Armed Forces is carried out by:

The Main Directorate for Work with Personnel of the Armed Forces - in terms of state-patriotic education of military personnel;

Archival Service of the Armed Forces - in terms of archival and reference work;

Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - in terms of the methodology of military historical research, as well as the coordination of scientific work on the problems of military historical research.

10. In the branches of the Armed Forces, military districts, branches of the Armed Forces, the central bodies of military administration, the general management of military historical work is carried out by the corresponding headquarters (departments). The organizational and methodological guidance of military historical work is carried out by the military scientific departments (groups) of the types and arms of the Armed Forces, the subdivisions of scientific and military historical work of military districts.

Features of the organization of military history work are regulated by regulations and instructions approved by the respective commanders (chiefs).

11. Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces:

develops draft guidelines for the organization and conduct of military-historical work in the Armed Forces;

organizes the planning of military-historical work in the Armed Forces;

evaluates the quality of military-historical research and controls the practical implementation of the results obtained;

presents to the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation the results of control over the conduct of military history work in the final report on the state of scientific work in the Armed Forces;

prepares proposals for the improvement of military-historical work;

organizes the preparation of scientific conferences, meetings and other events on military-historical issues, held in the prescribed manner under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies.

12. Main Directorate for Work with Personnel of the Armed Forces:

organizes the study of military history by the personnel of the Armed Forces in the system of public and state training;

plans and organizes, in accordance with the established procedure, the implementation of measures to propagate military history in the media;

develops and communicates to the military authorities and troops (forces) methodological recommendations for organizing events on the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia;

organizes methodological support for the military-historical activities of military museums, museum-type formations and rooms of military glory;

organizes, in accordance with the established procedure, interaction with veteran organizations, the Russian Military Historical Society and military historical clubs;

organizes the creation and release of films and video materials dedicated to the heroic traditions of the Armed Forces;

introduces the results of military-historical research into the practice of working with the personnel of the Armed Forces;

develops recommendations on the use of historical experience in strengthening military discipline in the Armed Forces;

participates in activities to expose the falsification of military history.

13. Archival Service of the Armed Forces:

organizes the use of archival documents in the interests of military-historical work and ensures the work of researchers;

prepares, at the direction of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, generalized reference materials based on archival documents;

organizes exhibitions of archival documents;

executes, on the basis of archival documents, requests and letters received by the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff;

provides issuance of archival certificates, copies and extracts from archival documents.

14. Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in the prescribed manner:

performs scientific research in the field of military history, prepares military-historical, military-theoretical and reference works, statistical and documentary collections, educational and methodological materials on military history and military-historical work in the Armed Forces;

holds according to the plans of the Ministry of Defense (General Staff) scientific conferences, meetings and other events on military-historical issues;

provides scientific and methodological support for military-historical events carried out by military command and control bodies;

provides scientific and methodological assistance to state authorities, constituent entities and regions of the Russian Federation in conducting military historical events;

performs tasks on scientific information in the Armed Forces in terms of the history of wars and military art;

provides training and certification of scientific personnel in military history specialties;

carries out international scientific relations on the problems of military history;

organizes work on the generalization of the historical experience of conducting combat operations of troops (forces);

carries out work to expose the falsifications of military history;

organizes and conducts scientific examination of textbooks, manuals, other works on military history, anniversaries of the formation of military administration bodies and organizations of the Ministry of Defense;

collects, generalizes, systematizes and reflects in military-encyclopedic publications a body of knowledge in the field of domestic and foreign military history;

participates in determining the main directions and problems of scientific research in the field of military history;

carries out scientific and methodological guidance in the preparation and holding of military-historical Olympiads (including international ones).

15. Military educational institutions:

organize, in accordance with the established procedure, the study of the historical experience of conducting combat operations of troops (forces), the history of wars and military art (military history) by students, cadets and permanent staff;

carry out training of students, cadets and permanent staff in the methodology of organizing and conducting military-historical work in the Armed Forces;

participate in the development of textbooks and teaching aids on the history of wars and military art;

carry out the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in the field of military history;

participate in military-historical research;

organize and conduct, in accordance with the established procedure, military history conferences, military history field trips, seminars and other events on military history topics.

16. Headquarters of branches (headquarters of branches of service) of the Armed Forces:

develop guidelines for the organization and conduct of military history work in subordinate troops (forces);

develop proposals for the plan of military-historical work of the Armed Forces;

introduce the results of military-historical research and conclusions from the experience of past wars into the practice of operational, combat and mobilization training, the daily activities of military command and control bodies and troops (forces);

carry out organizational and methodological measures to improve military history work in subordinate troops (forces);

organize military-historical conferences, meetings, seminars by means of subordinate military educational institutions and specialized research organizations;

participate in the development, editing and review of military history works, historical essays, articles on military history topics;

take part in determining the scientific, historical and practical value of documents from archival funds on the history of the development of types and arms of the Armed Forces, military units and organizations of the Armed Forces;

carry out the selection and transfer to the archives of the Armed Forces for long-term storage of documents of practical, scientific and historical value.

III. Planning and control of military history work

17. The annual planning of military history work is carried out in the Armed Forces.

The goals and practical orientation of military-historical work on the construction, improvement of the training and use of the Armed Forces, the creation of weapons and military equipment, the development of military education, the improvement of training and education of personnel of the Armed Forces are determined by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

18. Planning is carried out for the entire volume of military history work.

The plan for the military-historical work of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the next year is developed by the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces on the basis of the tasks of training the Armed Forces in the next year and is approved by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation before December 1 of the year preceding planned.

Proposals to the Plan of military-historical work of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are submitted in accordance with the established procedure by the military authorities before October 1 of the year preceding the planned one.

The Military Historical Work Plan of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes planned military historical research, military historical conferences (round tables, seminars), exhibitions, gatherings, trips on military historical work.

Tactical and technical assignments for research projects planned to be included in the Plan of military-historical work of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are approved by November 15 of the year preceding the planned one.

Plans for the military-historical work of military command and control bodies and organizations of the Armed Forces are approved by the relevant leaders before December 31 of the year preceding the planned one. After the approval of these plans, their copies are submitted within a month to the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces.

19. Control over the conduct of military historical work in the Armed Forces is organized in order to verify the quality and timeliness of the planned military historical research and activities, to generalize and disseminate experience in organizing military historical work, to identify and eliminate shortcomings.

Control over the conduct of military historical work in the Armed Forces is carried out by military command and control bodies, which are entrusted with the organizational, methodological and scientific and methodological management of military historical work, as part of checking the state of scientific work with a frequency of once a year.

20. The main headquarters of the types (headquarters of the military branches) of the Armed Forces in the report on scientific work include a section on the final results of monitoring the implementation of military historical work. The section specifies:

general indicators of the implementation of the Plan of military-historical work of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

the results of the implementation of measures of military-historical work;

the main shortcomings identified during inspections during the reporting period, their causes, measures to eliminate them;

conclusions and proposals for improving the state of military history work.

21. The results of military historical research (works, monographs, textbooks, collections of documentary materials) that are of social interest and practical importance for troops, headquarters, departments, military educational institutions and research organizations can be placed in the prescribed manner on the official website of the Ministry of Defense in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" and presented by the authors for various awards.

Temporarily
acting
Chairman of the Military Scientific
Committee of the Armed Forces
Russian Federation Colonel
S.Popov



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Document as of August 2014


In 1994, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation studied the implementation of the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 1993 N 207 "On the improvement of military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" in the main headquarters of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in some districts, in fleets, in military educational institutions, main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Not all commanders, commanders (chiefs) show exactingness, and staffs - the necessary perseverance and diligence when conducting military historical work.

The military-historical training of officers and military educational institutions is still at a low level; the amount of study time devoted to the study of the history of wars and military art continues to be reduced (Military Academy of Armored Forces, Military Artillery Academy and others).

In the troops and navies, military-historical work is not carried out purposefully enough. Information and leisure rooms for personnel in many parts do not meet the requirements, the life of the units is not reflected in them.

Documents on the history of branches of the Armed Forces, associations, formations and universities, published 20-30 years ago, are not updated. Historical information, forms are conducted irregularly.

When organizing and holding events of operational and combat training of troops (forces) and staffs, military-historical experience is not fully taken into account.

In order to further improve military history work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, I order:

1. Deputy Ministers of Defense of the Russian Federation, commanders-in-chief of branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commanders of district troops, a group of troops and fleets, commanders (chiefs) of military branches, heads of main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, heads of military educational institutions, institutions and scientific - research organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to deeply analyze the state of affairs on this issue, consider at meetings of the military councils of districts, fleets, armies, flotillas and take the necessary measures to improve military history work in subordinate military command and control bodies and troops (forces).

To intensify military-historical research into the theory and practice of military development in the interests of the scientific substantiation of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. To carry out more theoretical research in the field of the art of using forces and means of the branches of the Armed Forces and combat arms in past wars and military conflicts. It is bolder and more reasoned to rebuff all sorts of falsifiers of the history of Russia and the Second World War.

Military-historical training in military educational institutions, troops and navies should be carried out in the interests of patriotic education of military personnel, broadening the operational-tactical horizons and developing the creative thinking of commanders of all levels. Not to allow a reduction in the amount of study time devoted to the study of the history of wars and the art of war.

To improve the training of military historians on the basis of military academies, the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the relevant groups, postgraduate and doctoral studies. More attention should be paid to the training of military historians.

To create before June 1, 1995, as part of the operational management (departments) of the headquarters, at the expense of the existing number of branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the branches of service, the following bodies: in the main headquarters of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the headquarters of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - military historical groups of 4 people, in the headquarters of districts, fleets, military branches - military-historical groups of 2 people, in the armies (in flotillas), in corps (squadrons), in the main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, introduce full-time positions of an officer - historian. In formations and military units, in departments and departments of headquarters, in independent departments and departments of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, research organizations, institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, to have non-staff officers - historians who have previously undergone the necessary training.

Assign to the created bodies the planning and organization of carrying out, in the manner established by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 1993 N 207, measures for military-historical work in the relevant bodies of military command and troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The state of military-historical work should be checked during scheduled inspections of troops (forces) and headquarters. The results of military-historical work should be reflected in operational and combat training reports.

2. The military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to intensify work on publishing and publishing in 1995-1996 a series of textbooks and manuals on the military history of the Russian state.

3. The last sentence of paragraph six of paragraph 1 of Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 1993 N 207, the words: "being part of scientific work ..," the first line of paragraph 1 and paragraphs seven and eight of paragraph 5 of the Instruction (annex to the above Order) should be deleted.


First Deputy
Minister of Defense
Russian Federation,
colonel general
M.KOLESNIKOV

Military history work

purposeful creative and organizational activities of commanders, headquarters, research structures, educational bodies, veterans and other public organizations to collect, study, generalize, accumulate and disseminate knowledge of domestic and foreign border history, experience in protecting and protecting the GG in the interests of improving construction and preparation of the RF PS, training and education of its personnel. The constituent parts of V.-i.r. are: research work on the study of frontier history; military history education; military-patriotic education; museum and archival work; military-memorial and military-ritual work.


Border Dictionary. - M.: Academy of the Federal PS of the Russian Federation. 2002 .

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Introduction

SECTION 1. Historiography and sources of the problem 23

SECTION 2. Theoretical, methodological and organizational foundations of military history work in the Armed Forces 82

SECTION 3. Organization of military history work in the army and navy of the Soviet state 141

SECTION 4. Military historical activity in the field of military science 200

SECTION 5. Military history work in the process of training personnel of the Armed Forces 259

SECTION 6. Military historical activity in the education of military personnel 318

CONCLUSION 377

LIST OF SOURCES AND LITERATURE 412

APPS 446

Introduction to work

The process of development of the Russian state, its military organization is impossible without turning to history. Scientific understanding of the past, truthful coverage of it allow us to perceive and use the best at the present stage, to better understand mistakes and avoid them in the future. The words of the Russian historian N. Karamzin that history is the testament of ancestors to posterity, an addition, an explanation of the present and an example of the future, have enduring significance and deep meaning.

In the current conditions, the successful development of the Russian Armed Forces is impossible, to a certain extent, without the development of military-historical work in the military sphere of the state, the constant improvement of the content and organization of this activity 2 .

According to the author, military-historical work in the Armed Forces is a versatile creative and organizational activity for a deep study of military history and the dissemination of military-historical knowledge in order to more effectively fulfill the tasks

See: Karamzin N.M. History of the Russian state: In 12 volumes - M .: Nauka, 1989. - T. 1. -S. 13.

2 The dissertation examines the concepts of "work" and "activity" as synonyms, based on the available definitions: Work- 1) to work, to do something, to work; 2) a certain type of activity, labor, range of occupations, duties (scientific, educational, and other work in the specialty), (see: Big Explanatory Dictionary. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2000. - P. 1054); 1) being in action, activity, 2) the process of converting one type of energy into another, 3) employment, labor, 4) purposeful activity, 5) a product of labor, a finished product. (See: Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary / Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. General ed. G.V. Osipova. -M, 1995. -S. 620); Activity- work, occupation of someone in any area (pedagogical, scientific, social activity) (See: Big Explanatory Dictionary. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2000. - P. 256); expedient change and transformation of the environment, the process including the goal, means and result. Forms of activity: scientific, educational, educational, etc. (See: Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary. - P. 172).

to the military organization, in the interests of building the Armed Forces, training and education of military personnel, achieving readiness of them and all citizens of Russia to defend the Fatherland 2 .

The specificity of military history work lies in the fact that it combines integrating areas of military social activity related to military history, the conduct of scientific military history activities, the use of military history knowledge in the training of military personnel and the education of personnel.

In the opinion of the applicant, the appeal to military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet state is relevant for a number of reasons. The most important include the following:

    The need to establish continuity in the conduct of military historical work in order to preserve the military historical heritage of the army and navy of our country (experience in military and naval development, conducting military campaigns and operations, educating patriotic soldiers, etc.) in the interests of developing the military sphere of modern states.

    The vitality of expanding the research field through the introduction into scientific circulation of new archival and documentary sources, previously unknown to the general scientific community and representing theoretical and methodological interest for specialists in the field of organizing and conducting military historical work; growing interest in the experience of setting goals and solving priority tasks in the field of military history in the Soviet period, in analyzing the ideas and approaches of military historians to the content of this work, and in the methods of scientific knowledge of military historical phenomena and processes developed by them.

See: Krivenko A.M. Military organization of the state: socio-philosophical analysis. -M.: VU, 2001.

2 See glossary (app. 11).

    The importance of mastering both positive and negative past experience at the current stage of development of the military sphere of the Russian state, in order to determine ways to improve military historical work, taking into account modern requirements for the development of the armed forces, to identify objective patterns and trends in this process, to analyze modern problems affecting on military affairs, predicting, using scientific methods, trends in work in the field of military history.

    The need to use the experience of military historical work of the period under review in order to improve both professional training and the general development of military personnel. In modern conditions, this experience is a valuable material for improving the system of disseminating military historical knowledge among officers, developing forms and methods for developing special qualities of military specialists, such as the combat ability and combat readiness of a regular soldier to solve combat missions. The study of the process of military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet state is of indisputable scientific interest, it makes it possible to draw historical lessons and draw scientific and practical conclusions regarding the further development of the military organization of the Russian state.

    The obligatory revival of the greatness of the former Russia, the origins of which lie in the heroic past of the state. A constructive solution to this problem requires an objective analysis of the most important directions, forms and methods of conducting military history work in the army and navy of the Soviet state, and can make a significant contribution to the process of forming the historical consciousness of Russians, strengthening the patriotic education of the personnel of the modern Russian Armed Forces. This problem is becoming especially relevant today, especially during the period when the ideas of statehood are being established among various segments of the Russian population.

It is military history work that can greatly contribute to the improvement of the system of patriotic education of servicemen.

Chronological framework scientific work (1918 - 1991) are determined based on the period of existence of the Soviet Armed Forces 1, the possibility of a holistic generalization and analysis of military history work within a single stage of historical development.

The period of existence of the Soviet state was marked by certain achievements in the field of military history. A comprehensive study of the accumulated experience of this work during the years of Soviet power is of great interest for historical science, for the practice of military development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at the present stage.

The degree of scientific development of the problem. The analysis carried out by the dissertator showed that there is an insignificant number of scientific studies on the chosen problem that provide fragmentary ideas about military history work 2 .

The Soviet Armed Forces existed from January 15 (28), 1918 until the moment of their transformation into the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (December 8, 1991).

2 See: Zolotarev V.A., Tyushkevich S.A. Experience and lessons of national military history. -M.: ARBIZO, 1995; Litvinov A.V. Military-historical work is everyone's business // Veteran of the border. -1997. -No. 1. -S. 43-48; Experience of military-historical work in units and formations: (Generalized material on a number of military districts) // Military-ist. magazine -1976. -No. 9; 1979. - No. 2; 1980. - No. 12; 1986. - No. 2, 11; 1987. - No. 1, 11; 1988. -№ 2-5; 1989. - No. 3, 7; Essays on Soviet military historiography / A.I. Babin, V.E. Bystry, P.A. Zhilin and others - M., 1974; Panov B.V., Portuguese R.M., Sudenok I.Ya. Methods of organizing and conducting a field military-historical trip to study the experience of the Great Patriotic War. -M.: VAF, 1979; Portuguese P.M. Methodological foundations of military-historical research: Textbook.-Method. allowance. -M.: VAF, 1992; His own. Methods of organizing and conducting military-historical work in the troops and military educational institutions. -M.: VAF, 1990; Portuguese P.M., Khorkov A.G. Military history work. -M.: Military Publishing House, 1990; Serebryannikov V.V., Karnoukhov V.A. Educate with history // Military-ist. magazine -1989. -No. 7; Utkin B. Experience in the use of military history in the education of soldiers // Voen.-ist. journal.-1981.-№5.

On the whole, these scientific works reveal applied experience only in some areas of the organization and implementation of military history work as part of military science. There is no complete picture of the activities of the bodies of military historical work in the Soviet period of national history in the field of military science, the periodical press of the army and navy; the role of military history in the training of military personnel of the Soviet Armed Forces is not shown, the place of military historical activity in the education of military personnel is not determined. Therefore, for a more complete coverage of the above problems, a deeper and more comprehensive study of them was required.

The relevance of the topic, the insufficient level of its development in modern science have become for the author an incentive for her scientific research.

object research is a military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet state.

Subject research are the main directions, methods, forms and means of carrying out military history work by military command and control bodies and structures created to study military history, its use in building the Armed Forces of the Soviet state, increasing their combat readiness and combat capability, training and education of military personnel.

Target of the dissertation is to, based on the achieved level of knowledge of the problem, to carry out its comprehensive study, to give an objective assessment of military history work in the period under study, to develop practical recommendations for the creative use of the experience of military history bodies, specialists and officials in improving the organizational, content and cognitive aspects of work in the field of military history.

    Assess the degree of development of the problem in historiography.

    To analyze the theoretical, methodological and organizational foundations of military history work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet state.

    To study the structure of the organization of military-historical activities in the Soviet Armed Forces.

4. Consider military historical activities in the field of military
science and its reflection in the military sphere of the state.

    To determine the degree of influence of military history work on the systems of education and upbringing of servicemen of the Soviet Army and Navy.

    Summarize the experience, draw conclusions and develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of military history work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study. When writing his dissertation work, the author was guided by the scientific principles and methods of historical knowledge, and primarily by the dialectical methodology developed in the works of representatives of scientific thought.

The study of the problem was carried out using general scientific principles. First use principle scientific 1 as the main principle of general scientific analysis and historical and theoretical research. The principle of scientificity in this case, according to the author, is a description, explanation and prediction of historical events based on the identified scientific laws. The criteria for the application of this

The principle of scientific character is a description, explanation and prediction of the processes and phenomena of reality (historical events) on the basis of discovered scientific laws. (See: Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 2 books. -M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia. -M., 2001. -S. 1027; Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -3rd ed. -M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. -S. 863).

the principle was such its components as objectivity, comprehensiveness, independence in assessment and criticism, the use of modern domestic and foreign sources.

Activities in the field of military history in the Soviet period of the development of the state were inextricably linked with the dominance of communist ideology, its introduction into the minds of military personnel. This predetermined the application in the analysis of the problem of the principle historicism 1 .

The implementation of the principle of historicism is of universal importance. To one degree or another, this principle was applied both by representatives of social democratic movements in Russia and by the ideologists of Marxism-Leninism 2 .

Guided by the principle of historicism, the dissertation understands it as an orientation towards the study of the internal laws of the military-historical problem, the identification of its main features at different stages of development, the consideration of a historical event in continuous unity with other events, each of which can be understood in relation not only to the past, but also with the future, given the trends in their change.

The principle of historicism is the key to scientific objectivity 3 studies. In historiography, he assumes a dialectical approach in the analysis of concepts

The principle of historicism is an approach to reality (nature, society, culture, history) as becoming (changing) and developing in time. (See: Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 2 books. -M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. -S. 599; Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -3rd ed. -M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984.-S. 510).

2 So in a letter to I. Armand V.I. Lenin formulated a brief definition of the principle
historicism: “The whole spirit of Marxism, its whole system requires that every position of the races
look only historically; only in connection with others; only in connection with specific experience
stories". (See: Lenin V.I. Poly. collected works. - T. 49. - S. 329).

3 Objective - that which belongs to the object itself, objective, independent of the subject
objective opinion and interests (from the subject, exists outside and independently of human consciousness
century). (See: Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 2 books. -M .: Big Russian En
cyclopedia. -FROM. 1098; Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. -FROM. 911).

historians, identifying both positive and negative aspects of their theoretical constructions.

Undertaking a historical analysis, the author proceeded from the fact that the problem of military historical work in the Soviet Armed Forces was revealed by researchers at each stage of the development of historical science in different ways, depending on the specific historical situation, the level of professional training of researchers, the source base, and the political climate in the country. and other objective and subjective factors influencing research practice.

The use of general scientific principles in this study means that in the course of the work the author tried to consider all aspects of the problem.

A modern historian in his work is unlikely to be able to do without theoretical provisions that have received a detailed development in line with the presented methodology. Among them: the doctrine of the historical process, its complex and contradictory nature, the dependence of the functioning of the army on the state and level of development of the material and spiritual life of society, the type and structure of the political and social relations that dominate it, on the decisive role of the masses in defending the Fatherland, etc. .

The researcher cannot but take into account the contribution of politicians, historians of a Marxist orientation to the development of some important methodological problems related to historiography, sources and the subject of historical research, with the significance of a fact in historiographical work, criteria for the scientific nature of historiographical analysis, and others. Before modern historians

1 See: Plekhanov G.V. Selected Philosophical Works. -M., 1956. -T. 2. -S. 332; Lenin V.I. Poly. coll. op. -T. 2. -S. 4, 178; T. 30. -S. 351; Pokrovsky M.N. Historical science and class struggle. - M., 1933. - Issue. 2. S. 98; Nechkina M.V. History of history // Historiography of the USSR. -M., 1965. -S 123-147; Topolsky E. Methodology of History and Historical Materialism // Questions of History. -1990. -No. 5. -S. 3-14 etc.

the task is to critically, but objectively comprehend Marxism, to use its positive methodological techniques.

The author, as a patriot of his Fatherland, in the study of an urgent problem, considers it his duty to critically review the main methodological experience of the Soviet past, as affirmed with the help of military-historical work in the country of "statehood", based on the importance of strengthening state power in Russia, taking into account the existing shortcomings. Modern historians should not neglect the historical heritage of their predecessors, including representatives of the military school, who studied the development of statehood, regardless of the partisanship of the political system, through the prism of the dictatorship of a "lawful" state 1 .

Considering the methodology not only as a set of certain principles, but also as a system of appropriate methods and approaches in the study of the scientific problem posed, the author used them in his research.

Among general scientific methods, priority is given to logical, problematic, classificatory, from special historical methods the author singles out, first of all, synchronous and diachronic, actualization and extrapolation, as well as a problem-chronological approach and some others, outlined and substantiated in the works of domestic scientists on the theory and methodology of historical science 2 .

1 Of the historical concepts inherited by the historical science of the 19th century, especially
an important role in the work of both Russian and Soviet historians was played by the state
theory (school) followed by such Soviet historians as M.M. Theologian
sky, S.F. Platonov, M.A. Dyakonov, Yu.V. Gauthier, SV. Bakhrushin, B.D. Grekov and others (See:
Shapiro A.L. Historiography from ancient times to 1917: Proc. allowance. - St. Petersburg:
Culture, 1993).

2 See: E.M. Zhukov. Essays on the methodology of history. -2nd ed., rev. / Rev. ed.
Yu.V. Bromley. -M.: Nauka, 1987; Ivanov V.V. Methodological foundations of historical
knowledge. -Kazan, 1991; Kovalchenko I.D. Methodology of historical research
dovaniya. -M., 2004; Santsevich A.V. Methodology of historical research. -2nd ed.,
revised and add. / Ans. ed. F.P. Shevchenko. -Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1990, etc.

One of the important methods for analyzing historical sources on a problem is the classification (systematization) method 1 . Classification is used as a means for establishing links (systems) between subordinate concepts in the area under study, as well as for precise orientation in the variety of concepts or relevant facts.

The classification method fixes regular connections between identical events in order to determine the place of a particular event in the system, which indicates its properties. According to the author, classification (systematization) expresses a system of laws inherent in the historical event reflected in it and determining the properties and relations of objects fixed in the method. At the same time, when using systematization, it must be taken into account that there are no strict distinctions in life and transitions from one class to another are an integral property of reality. This is reflected in special techniques: the use, for example, in most classifications of references (“see”, “see also”) and the placement of the same concept in different places in the classification.

In the course of historical research, a problem-chronological approach is consistently applied. Problematic research, according to

Classification (from lat. classis - category, group and facere - to do) as systematization -1) system subordinate concepts (classes of objects) of any field of knowledge or human activity, used as a means to establish links between these concepts or classes of objects; 2) a general scientific and general methodological concept, meaning such a form systematization knowledge, when the entire area of ​​the studied objects is presented as a system of classes or groups, in which these areas are distributed based on their similarity in certain properties. (See: Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2001. -S. 688; New Philosophical Encyclopedia. -M.: Thought, 2001. -T. 2. -S. 255).

2 Problem (from the Greek problema - task) - everything that needs to be studied and solved; problematic - containing a problem, dedicated to the study, resolution of a problem, 2) an objectively arising set of issues, the solution of which is of significant practical or theoretical interest; problematic approach - in scientific knowledge, methods of solving problems that coincide with the general methods and techniques of research. (See: New Philosophical Encyclopedia. -T. 3. -S. 356); Chronology (from “chrono” and “logia”) - 1) the sequence of historical events in time, 2) an auxiliary historical discipline aimed at studying various systems of chronology in order to more accurately establish the dates of old events and time. (See: The latest encyclopedic dictionary. -M .: ACT, 2004. -S. 1339).

dissertation, lies in the fact that historical events are considered through the contradiction between the available knowledge about their development and the possible results of their implementation.

To display historical events in development, the author used chronology, which, in his opinion, is a procedure for considering historical events in time sequence, in motion and change. The need to focus attention in the dissertation research on certain features of the historical development of the analyzed activity required the definition of its historical framework.

The use of the problem-chronological method in the course of the study makes it possible to single out both the general and the distinctive, special in the historical events taking place simultaneously. This method manifests itself most expressively when compiling chronicles of events that are usually related thematically and genetically.

The dissertation is built mainly using the problem-chronological method of presenting the material, which makes it possible to trace the origin, formation and development of military historical work in the period from 1918 to 1991, to analyze it at all stages of the development of the Armed Forces of the Soviet state.

The dissertator singled out the constituent components in the general parts of the problem and examined each component in chronological order, taking into account the historical facts related to it.

In the present study, interdisciplinary methods are also used, such as content analysis, structural-systemic, and statistical.

The most actively used in the study is content analysis, as it allows us to interpret the content of the studied sources through quantitative indicators. In the author's understanding, content analysis is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the text array of historiography and sources for research purposes. It makes it possible to reveal hidden elements of the content of texts that can escape when using traditional methods of logical-analytical analysis. With the help of content analysis, it is possible to establish the hidden motives of historical personalities and authors, and even the historical reasons for the accomplishment of certain historical events.

The named principles, methods and approaches, of course, do not cover the entire methodology, but express in their essence only the research strategy that guided the author.

Based on the foregoing, the author of the presented scientific research puts forward dissertation problem concept, which is dictated by modern conditions for the development of the military organization of the state. The author believes that, proceeding from the principle of constructivity 3 , military history work in the Armed Forces is a complex

Content analysis (from the English content - content) is a research technique for obtaining conclusions by analyzing the content of the text about the states and properties of social reality (in particular, the source of the text of the message). (See: Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary. -S. 299-301).

Concept (from lat. conceptio - understanding, system) - a certain way of understanding, interpreting a phenomenon, the main point of view, the guiding idea for their coverage; the leading idea, the constructive principle of various activities. (See Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -S. 624).

Constructive - one that can be put as the basis for something, fruitful (Modern dictionary of foreign words. -2nd ed. stereotype. - M .: Publishing house "Russian language", 1999. -S. 303); laying the foundation for further work; fruitful, productive (Big explanatory dictionary. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2000. - P. 450).

synthesized 1 activity as theoretical (research),
and applied (practical) nature. She is included in the
nye spheres of life of the types and branches of the Armed Forces,
state structures and society and at the same time includes in
themselves to varying degrees scientific and theoretical (theoretical
methodological) and research (cognitive
methodical) work in the field of military history (including
military scientific work as part of the educational process
training of military personnel in military educational institutions), educator
work with military personnel through patriotic (military)
patriotic), ideological and political (ideological) influence 2,
through cultural and educational, agitation and propaganda
work, activities of the military media 3 .

Source base of the dissertation compiled documents and materials from a number of Russian archives, fundamental collective works of Soviet and Russian historians, reference and statistical publications, domestic historical literature on the problem under study.

Analytical work on this topic was carried out on the basis of the study of relevant materials from a number of archives: the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA), the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of Russia

1 Complex (from lat. complexus - connection, combination) - a combination, a combination of objects, phenomena, actions or properties that make up one whole. (See Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -S. 613). Synthesis (from Greek synthesis - connection, combination, composition) - connection (mental or real) of various elements, sides of an object into a single whole (system), which is carried out both in practical activities and in the process of cognition. (See Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -S. 1206).

Military education (military education) contains social and humanitarian, patriotic, legal, moral, physical and other types of education. (See: Military Encyclopedia: In 8 volumes - M .: Military Publishing House, 1994. - T. 2. - S. 281-282).

3 See: glossary (app. 11).

the Russian Federation (TsAMO), the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (IVI MO RF), the Military Memorial (Military History) Center of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (VMC RF Armed Forces), the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (OVA RF Armed Forces) and Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (VU MO RF).

During the work on the dissertation, the author paid special attention to the analysis of analytical publications of Russian historians, which, to one degree or another, reflected the topic under study. Among them - doctoral and candidate's dissertations, abstracts and scientific (scientific-theoretical) works and articles. To study the problem, materials from the Soviet, party and military periodicals of that time, memoirs, diaries and memoirs of military leaders and generals of the studied period were also used.

In analyzing the source base for the study of work in the field of military history, the author of the dissertation relied on the methodology of modern historical source study developed by domestic historians 1 . Based on this, the paper presents, according to modern methodology, a rigorous presentation of facts and events.

See: Gareev M. Truths and delusions of historical science // Svobodnaya mysl'. -1992. -No. 6; Gurevich A.Ya. On the Crisis of Modern Historical Science // Questions of History. -1991. -#2; Zhilin P.A. Marxist-Leninist methodology of military history. -M.: Nauka, 1976; Eliseev N.V. Theoretical problems of historical research. -M., 1998; Historical Science: Questions of Methodology. -M., 1986; Ivanov V.V. Methodological foundations of historical knowledge. -Kazan, 1991; Kelle V.Zh., Koval-zon M.N. Theory and history. Problems of the theory of the historical process. -M., 1987; Klyagin SV. A new image of science in military special research. -M., 1997; Kovalchenko I.D. Theoretical and Methodological Problems of Historical Research: Notes and Reflections on New Approaches // New and Contemporary History. -1995. -No. 1; Kudryavtsev V.N. On the peculiarities of the methodology of social and human sciences // New and recent history. -1993. -Number 3; Pronshtein A.P., Danilevsky I.N. Questions of theory and methodology of historical research. -M., 1987, etc.

ties in accordance with historical reality, the determination of their objective value, the establishment of links between them and the formation of complexes of sources necessary to obtain a set of scientific information.

According to the author, technology 1 of this study is
complex, holistic use of sources, historical and
theoretical analysis of issues studied in scientific works. AT
Accordingly, it seems legitimate to carry out
historiographic and source analysis in the unity of objective and
subjective, possible and actual, regular and
random, mass and single, social and individual,
applying methods of a general scientific nature (historical and logical),
special-historical sciences (problematic, chronological,

retrospective), related sciences (statistical, sociological), etc. Scientific novelty research follows both from the very formulation of the problem, and from its content. It is determined by the lack of development of the topic, the results of the analysis and is as follows.

Firstly, for the first time in domestic historical science, a comprehensive scientific analysis is carried out, which provides an opportunity to see the military-historical work in the Soviet period in the history of the Fatherland as a whole.

Social technology is implied, which is a way of organizing and streamlining expedient practical activities, a set of techniques aimed at defining or transforming an object, achieving a given result. (See: Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary. -S. 823).

Secondly, a significant number of existing and introduced by the author sources and literature on this issue is involved in the scientific circulation in the new consideration.

Thirdly, the main directions, forms and methods of military history work in the Soviet Army and Navy, its successes and failures in the course of building the military organization of the Soviet state are subjected to deep analysis.

Fourth, the scientific novelty of the presented dissertation lies in the fact that it analyzes for the first time the fundamental theoretical and methodological provisions on military-historical work in the military sphere of society.

Fifth, as a result of the study, practical recommendations are offered that allow a fresh look at the prospects for the development of military history work, taking into account modern priorities in the construction of the military organization of the Russian state.

Thus, based on the above, there is scientific problem, which is a historical study of military-historical work in the Soviet Armed Forces, formulating, based on the results of scientific analysis, answers to a set of theoretical questions and finding solutions to practical problems that are of current importance today.

Unlike previously published works, in which the historiography of only individual stages of the period under study or some of the issues of the problem under consideration was revealed, this study provides a complete picture of military history work in a given chronological framework.

The following are submitted for defense:

    The results of a comprehensive analysis of military-historical work in the Soviet Armed Forces in 1918-1991 and its impact on improving the combat readiness of army and navy personnel.

    General methodological conclusions about the goals, content, features and principles of military-historical activities within the Armed Forces of the USSR.

    Scientific assessments of the results of military-historical work in the field of organization (management), genesis (development), science (theory), press (journalism), training (education) and education (pedagogy) of the military sphere of the state, as well as historical lessons arising from them .

    Generalizing judgments 1 about the role of military history and its use in the development (reform and construction) of the Armed Forces in the Soviet period.

    Formulated historical lessons, practical recommendations that determine the understanding of the expediency and rationality of the actions of the leadership of the Armed Forces in relation to the bodies of military historical work and their activities.

6. Generalizing conclusions and suggestions, which, in the opinion of the author,
could contribute to the revival and development of the best traditions of military
historical work in new historical conditions and strengthening on this
the basis of the moral and psychological state of the personnel of the Russian
Armed Forces.

Judgment, 1) the same as a statement; 2) a mental act that regulates the speaker's attitude to the content of the expressed thought and is associated with conviction or doubt about its truth or falsity. (See: Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. -S. 1281).

Scientific significance of the dissertation is:

in the development of one of the significant problems of national history in a wide chronological framework;

consideration of the theoretical and methodological foundations of military history work, primarily the methodological function, as well as the goals and objectives of activities in the field of military history;

study of the main directions and components of military historical work, such as research, scientific and educational and military historiographic activities, the collection, generalization and dissemination of military historical information in the training of military personnel and the education of military personnel;

creation of a historical-theoretical and factual basis for the scientific concept of military-historical work in the military organization of the state.

Practical significance of the study consists:

in a new presentation of a large number of archival materials and historical literature, summarizing the characteristics of sources by main groups, showing their strengths and weaknesses in covering the military historical work of the Soviet period in the history of the Fatherland;

modern understanding of the practical work of military historical bodies, specialists in the field of military history and officials in using their knowledge and experience in preparing military personnel for the defense of the Fatherland;

the potential possibility of using the generalizations, conclusions and proposals made in it for the development of military history work in the Armed Forces of Russia, the training of military historians, in educational, practical and scientific activities;

creation of a theoretical base for further research in the field of military history in the years of the recent historical past and

increasing the effectiveness of this activity in the modern Armed Forces with their help.

Consideration of the period under study in historical sequence makes it possible to draw more substantiated scientific conclusions regarding the implementation of military-historical activities, and, proceeding from "THIS, to carry out its adjustment in order to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness; to show that this work has a complex nature, i.e. e. is a direction of military science, a part of the military (military-political and military-social) history of the Fatherland, which is reflected in the army and navy press, the processes of training personnel and educational work with the personnel of the Armed Forces of Russia.

Work structure due to the purpose and main objectives of the study. The issues under consideration are combined into an introduction, 6 sections and a conclusion. The dissertation has a list of sources and references, as well as eleven appendices and a list of abbreviations.

Approbation of the study was carried out taking into account the existing theoretical and methodological provisions, conclusions, generalizations and practical recommendations on military history work and received a positive assessment of the scientific community and practitioners in the field of military history and this work.

The dissertation was discussed at the departments of history and history of wars and military art, in the research department, its provisions were repeatedly covered in scientific reports and messages at theoretical conferences and seminars, in educational and public lectures.

The provisions of the dissertation research were used in educational and methodological activities and practical work by the author and other teachers of the Military University.

The main provisions of the dissertation are presented in the following publications:

    Russian Military Historical Society, its role in the development of historical science: Proc. allowance - M .: GAVS, 1993. In et al. with A.V. Vinokurov. -4.0 p.l.

    Imperial Russian Military Historical Society: Scientific article // Independent military review. - 1997. - No. 39 (66). -0.3 p.l.

    Military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: Theoretical and methodological aspects, current state, prospects // Collection of scientific papers. - No. 3. - M .: VU, 1999. - 1.0 p.

    Appeal to the origins: the Russian army needs a military-historical service. Independent military review. -1999. -No. 3 (126). In col. with A.V. Kirilin. -0.5 p.l.

    Military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet state (1918 - 1991): Monograph. -M.: VU, 2003. -9.7 pp.

    Organization and state of military-historical research in the USSR // Questions of history. -2005. - No. 4. -1.0 p.l.

    Military-historical work in the process of patriotic education of servicemen of the Soviet Armed Forces // Military-historical magazine. -2005. - No. 4.-1.0 p.l.

The total volume of publications on the topic of research is about 20 pp.

Historiography and sources of the problem

The study of military-historical work involves the analysis of historiography on this process. Based on the fact that the problem of the dissertation is itself a part of military history, the author conducts his analysis through its special branch - military historiography1.

Analyzing the historiography of the problem, the author pursued the following goal: to characterize the process of accumulating knowledge about military history; establish a range of questions on the problem of the dissertation, which are reflected in the literature; trace the level of development of the named problem in the historical literature; determine the main directions of research on this topic.

In general, to analyze the process of formation and development of the historiography of military historical work in the Soviet period, deepening and expanding the range of scientific research, while determining which issues have been studied with the greatest completeness, which have been incompletely resolved, are interpreted ambiguously, contradictory and erroneously, which aspects of the problem are small or have not been studied at all;

Find out to what extent the available literature covers the role of state bodies, socio-political organizations, and primarily the Communist Party, major historical figures in the formation and development of military historical work in the Soviet period of national history;

To objectively evaluate and analyze the ideological-theoretical, scientific and factual level of research devoted to the historical analysis of the activities of state and military bodies to ensure the effectiveness of military historical work; the breadth and diversity of their source base.

Carrying out a historiographical analysis of the chosen problem in a broad chronological framework (from the beginning of the military-historical work in the Soviet state to the present day), the author proceeds from the realities of the economic, socio-political, spiritual state of society and the development of the military organization of the state proper in these years. Firstly, these were decades of creating a fundamentally new society, no matter how you treat it and how you evaluate it, with its positive and negative sides. Secondly, the Communist Party was the leading force of society and its military organization during these years. Its policy determined the economic, socio-political and cultural image of Soviet society at all stages of its development, the image of the Armed Forces. She directed all her activities in the country to strengthen her position in the army and the people, including through patriotic education based on history.

Theoretical, methodological and organizational foundations of military-historical work in the Armed Forces

One of the main components of the training and education of soldiers - the most important factor in strengthening the combat potential of the Armed Forces, part of the activities of commanders, indoctrination bodies, and all officers at any level - is military history work. The effectiveness of this work directly depends on the relevance of its content, understanding of its meaning, compliance of forms and methods with the needs of personnel, their level of education, professional, national, psychological characteristics, the ability of the organizers of educational work to rely on scientific achievements, best practices, take into account new trends in the development of military affairs, specific tasks of units and ships.

Theoretical foundations of military history work Successful solution of the tasks of military development, the effectiveness of the activities of the command and staffs, the relevant structures of educational work, the performance of direct official duties by commanders and chiefs of all degrees depend to a large extent not only on the conduct of military history work, but also on understanding of its essence.

What historical experience of the military-historical work of the Soviet period is suitable for its organization and conduct in modern conditions, the development of requirements, forms, methods of its conduct, the implementation by the relevant officials of their duties in this area? In order to answer this question, the author analyzed the essence of the scientific and theoretical understanding of military history work, its main directions, identified the patterns and significant connections of work with reality within the specified chronological framework, identified the main ways to increase its effectiveness, taking into account the solution of training problems and education of personnel, development of the Armed Forces.

An analysis of various sources showed that the emergence of the term "military history work" and its definition can be attributed to the second half of the 1920s. The first theoretical substantiation of "military history work as a creative research activity of specialists" was proposed by A.A. Svechin1. In those years, military historical work did not receive any further scientific and methodological consideration.

In the late 50s - early 60s. the term "military history work" began to be used as a general concept of any activity related to military history3.

The development of the understanding of military historical work as a social process was given impetus by the scientific and technological revolution, under the influence of which activities similar in content were united into a single whole, including in the military sphere.

Organization of military history work in the army and navy of the Soviet state

The level and achievements of military history work in the Russian Armed Forces at all stages of its development were determined by many factors, primarily the presence of an organization1 of military history work as an object of its implementation. The object of military historical work includes, firstly, the system of organs for its management and, secondly, the totality of institutions, establishments, divisions, specialists and public associations that carry out this work. It was this dependence that predetermined the important role of military history in the army and navy and the great attention that was given to it.

Today, the history of the organization and implementation of military-historical work in the past years is of great practical interest. At the same time, important for understanding its significance is the historical cross-section of the entire system of organizing work in the past and present.

Even at the birth of Russian statehood, many chroniclers, wishing to preserve the main deeds of their ancestors in the memory of the people, described the main military events in which Russian soldiers took part. And here the importance of the Decree of Peter I on the preservation of regimental histories is great. Peter laid the foundation for military history work. The intention to perpetuate the identity of each regiment was expressed in the so-called regimental tales. In them, various ranks recounted from memory (“said”) episodes from the history of the regiment and their service, thereby leaving precious historical material to posterity. This material became the basis for military-historical analysis, made it possible to determine the principles of military art, to create the basis for the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat operations. “Without a lamp of history,” said A. Suvorov, “tactics are darkness.”

As military affairs developed, the need to organize purposeful military history work became obvious. The first bodies dealing with it appeared in 1802 together with the formation of the War Ministry, in whose staff the Archive was created at the office. In 1812, the Archive of the Inspection Department of the General Staff was formed. The archives became not only the centers for storing documents of historical value, but also the forerunners of military historical work.

Later, from 1832, the 6th department of the Military Topographic Depot of the General Staff and the 1st department of the headquarters of the Office of the Quartermaster General of the Main Staff of His Imperial Majesty began to deal with archival work, and the 3rd department of the headquarters of the Chancellery (department of military statistics, topographic and historical).

By the middle of the XIX century. a rather coherent system of bodies involved in military-historical activities was created. It included the Military Scientific Department, the Department for the Placement and Movement of Troops, the Department of the Chancellery and the Inspectorate Department of the General Staff, whose duties included improving the historical education of the army command staff.

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