How to make a rainbow on the face? Trending photo from Instagram. Research paper "how to create a rainbow at home" How to make a rainbow using the sun

The rainbow has long been considered a symbol of joy and optimism. After all, what could be more joyful than seeing a bright multi-colored arc in the sky in the middle of the rain. For adults, this spectacle causes a smile, and for children, a real delight. However, sometimes you really, really want to see a rainbow, but it doesn’t rain and it doesn’t rain, or, on the contrary, it rains without stopping, without missing a single ray of sunshine.

It is for such cases that we have prepared several ways to make a rainbow yourself at home or in the yard.

Making a rainbow with a hose

This method is perhaps the most difficult and troublesome, but the rainbow turns out exactly like a real one. Adults probably know how to make a rainbow this way, but for children it seems like real magic.

You need to conduct this experiment outdoors on a sunny day. Attach a special spray nozzle to the hose and direct the jet upwards. The sun's rays will be refracted in small droplets in the same way as it happens during rain, and you will see a rainbow.

If there is no special nozzle, you can pinch the hose with your finger so that the water does not flow in a massive stream, but in many small splashes. The same experiment can be carried out on a smaller scale, on the street or even in the house, using an ordinary plant sprayer instead of a hose.

Rainbow with CD

Many children themselves know how to make a rainbow using an old cd. Well, if they don’t know, it’s time to show them this simple trick. To do this, you only need a disk and the sun's rays, well, or a flashlight. By the way, such a rainbow can be made even in the dark.

You can also use this effect in a photo shoot to take unusual bright photos, for example, by sending rainbow highlights on or near the face of the model.

You can make a garland from pieces of old disks and hang it on the window so that the rainbow looks into the room more often.

How to make a rainbow with a mirror

For this experience, you will need a clear bowl of water, a small mirror, and a flashlight. If you take a sheet of white paper, the rainbow will be seen more clearly. Position the mirror in the water so that it is submerged and at an angle. Now position the bowl so that the sun's rays fall on the mirror, or shine a flashlight. Place a sheet of paper in front of the bowl. The light reflected from the mirror will be refracted in the water, and you will see beautiful iridescent highlights on the sheet.

These are the ways you can make a homemade rainbow even on the most cloudy day.

And finally, we suggest that you and your child watch an interesting and understandable video about how a rainbow appears in the sky if the sunlight is white and the water drops are transparent.

Ekimova Valeria

Pupil 2 "b" class GBOU secondary school No. 1 of the Russian Federation, Chapaevsk

Evseeva Oksana Pavlovna

supervisor, teacher of the highest category, primary school teacher, secondary school № 1

Russian Federation, Samara region, Chapaevsk

Very often we notice strange and unusual phenomena in nature. They amaze our imagination and are remembered for a long time. Many of these amazing phenomena have already been explained by scientists, but for us they continue to remain mysterious. I would refer to such phenomena and a rainbow.

How is a rainbow formed? Is it possible to observe this beauty at home? What kind of rainbows exist? I have to find answers to these questions.

The object of my research- natural phenomenon RAINBOW.

I'm sure - the topic is relevant. After all, it is very important to understand how and why something that so fascinates our eyes happens.

The purpose of my work- try to repeat such a natural phenomenon as a rainbow at home.

In my work, I have set myself the following tasks: 1. Find out under what conditions a rainbow occurs. 2. Study what types of rainbows are in nature. 3. Get acquainted with the legends and myths, symbols and other aspects of people's lives associated with the rainbow. 4. Through experiments, find out if it is possible to reproduce a rainbow at home.

Research methods: analysis of publications, Internet materials on this topic; systematization and classification of the studied material; observation; experiment.

The meaning of the word "rainbow". Rainbow - God's arc, heavenly arc - a heavenly phenomenon; a seven-color arc under the clouds, from the sun behind the rain. (Dictionary of V. Dahl).

Legends and myths. The ancient Greeks believed that the rainbow is the smile of the goddess Irida. And in the Bible, the rainbow appears after the Flood. In Armenian mythology, the rainbow is the belt of Tyr (originally the god of the sun, then the god of writing, arts and sciences). The Slavs believed that the rainbow drinks water from lakes, rivers and seas, and then sheds rain. Sometimes she swallows fish and frogs along with the water, so sometimes they fall from the sky.

History of study. Why does such a beautiful color picture appear in the air? I looked for the answer to this question in additional literature and the Internet. Here's what I found out.

In 1672, Isaac Newton proved that ordinary white is a mixture of rays of different colors. "I darkened my room," he wrote, "and made a very small hole in the shutter to let in the appropriate amount of sunlight." In the path of the sun's ray, the scientist placed a special triangular glass - a prism.

On the opposite wall, he saw a multi-colored strip - the spectrum.

The word spectrum comes from the Latin "spectrum" - visible.

Newton explained this by saying that the prism decomposed the white color into its constituent colors. Then he placed another prism in the path of the multi-colored beam. With this, the scientist collected all the colors in one ordinary sunbeam. Moreover, initially Newton distinguished only five colors - red, yellow, green, blue and purple. But then, Newton added to the five listed colors of the spectrum two more - orange and indigo. He wanted to create a correspondence between the number of colors in the spectrum and the number of fundamental tones in the musical scale. Or maybe the number 7 had some other symbolic meaning for him. When it rains, there are a lot of water droplets in the air. The sun's rays pass through water droplets, white light is refracted and decomposed into 7 colors of the spectrum from red to violet.

Light refraction. Refraction of light is a change in the direction of propagation of light (light rays) when passing through the interface between two different transparent media (for example: air and water). An example of light refraction: if a straw is lowered into a glass of liquid, it will appear to us bent due to light refraction (Fig. 1). Each drop of liquid becomes a tiny prism. Since there are a lot of droplets-prisms after the rain, the rainbow is obtained in half the sky.

Picture 1 . Refraction

Experience 1. I decided to make sure that the light consists of seven colors. To do this, I tried to conduct an experiment. From cardboard, I cut out a circle with a radius of about 5 cm. I divided the circle into 7 sectors. Each sector was painted with the desired color (like a rainbow) (Fig. 2). I made a small hole in the center of the circle and inserted a toothpick into it. I got a wolf. I started the wolf. When rotated, it turned white. Why? This is the process of "picking" the colors. White color is the keeper of all colors on earth.

Picture 2 . Spinning top - rainbow

Types of rainbows. The rainbow that appears after the rain is the primary rainbow. Sometimes we can see an additional rainbow. In it, the colors follow in reverse order from purple to red. Maybe even a third and fourth rainbow. Why does the second rainbow appear? Also due to the refraction and reflection of light in water droplets. But before turning into a "second rainbow", the rays of sunlight have time to reflect twice, and not once, from the inner surface of each droplet. On a bright moonlit night, you can also see a rainbow from the moon. But the receptors of the human eye in low night light do not perceive colors, and the lunar rainbow looks whitish. The brighter the light, the "more colorful" the rainbow. Does a rainbow happen when rain is impossible - in a frosty winter? It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals “float” in the air. They divide white into seven colors.

Experiment 1 Let's try to repeat the rainbow at home. For this I need spray bottle as rain and sunbeam. We fill the atomizer with water and on a sunny day we create a cloud of droplets in the air (Fig. 3). We observe a rainbow on them (Fig. 4).

Picture 3 . cloud of drops

Picture4 . Rainbow

Conclusion: A rainbow at home, as in nature, is obtained. This is due to the refraction of the sun's ray in water droplets and its division into a spectrum.

Experiment 2 I needed a CD, a flashlight and a smooth surface (wall). I direct the flashlight beam at the disk. A rainbow appears on the wall! (Fig. 5).

Picture 5 . rainbow on the wall

Experiment 3 The experiment required a container of water, a mirror, a beam of light, and a smooth surface. I poured water into a basin. The mirror was placed so that one part of it was under water, and the other part was above it. I direct the mirror towards a smooth surface. I direct the beam to different parts of the mirror so that the reflected light falls on the wall.

Conclusion: Rays of light hit a mirror and are reflected. But, passing through water, white light is refracted. As a result, we get a rainbow on the wall.

Picture 6 . Light is refracted as it passes through water.

Experiment 4 to me needed a solution for soap bubbles.

Figure 7. Rainbow patterns on soap bubbles

Conclusion: Thin soap films on the surface of the bubble are constantly moving and refracting light. We see constantly changing rainbow patterns (Fig. 7).

Based on the results of my work, I can draw the following conclusions. Rainbow can be obtained at home. An artificial light source can be used instead of a sunbeam. Rainbows can be observed not only during the day, but also at night, and even in winter. The goal - to learn about the rainbow and try to repeat it at home - was achieved by me. I conducted experiments and proved that the rainbow effect can be obtained at home and admire this beautiful phenomenon at any time of the year, which still holds many mysteries. The results that I got in the study of the rainbow should be interesting and useful to my classmates.

Bibliography:

Bogdanov K.I. “Not everything is so simple.” / First of September - 2006, - No. 3. - p. 31-33.
Burova S.A. Unusual natural phenomena./ First of September 2003, No. 3.
Geguzin Ya.E. Who is making the rainbow? - Kvant, 1988, No. 6.
Family photo archive.
Trifonov E.D. Once again about the rainbow. - Soros Educational Journal, - 2000, - v. 6, - No. 7.
[Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow.
[Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00055/38400.htm.

Antipenko Sergey

The purpose of the study: to determine what is the relationship between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

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RESEARCH WORK "HOW TO CREATE RAD U G U AT HOME?"

The purpose of the study: to determine what is the relationship between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, is it possible to get a rainbow at home. Object of study: natural phenomenon R A D U G A. Subject of study: the origin of the rainbow. Research problem: how to create a rainbow at home; how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored; how to create white color from color components.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES How does a rainbow appear? When does a rainbow appear? Is it possible to get a rainbow at home? How to get white color from color components?

HYPOTHESES Suppose that a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops. Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

BASIC METHODS Studying the literature. observation. Experiment.

"Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits." "As once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head."

Every student can repeat Newton's experiment. I repeated this experience, but with an artificial light source. We observed the decomposition of light into a spectrum when it passed through a prism at home, using a prism and a projector. To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow. Thus, we penetrated into the mystery of the ray, into which the famous English scientist penetrated more than 300 years ago.

HOW DOES R A D U G A APPEAR? When it rains, there are a lot of water droplets in the air. Each drop acts as a tiny prism, and since there are a lot of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. That's who turns out to be building colorful gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Sunbeam and raindrops. All rainbows are sunlight that passes through raindrops, as through prisms, is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky.

WHEN DOES R A D U G A APPEAR? A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun. A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain. Rainbows can only be seen in the early morning or late afternoon.

IS THERE A R A D U G AND WITHOUT RAIN? Such a miracle also happens.

EXPERIENCE "CREATING A RAINBOW AND AT HOME CONDITIONS" To make sure that the white color consists of seven colors and the rainbow can be obtained artificially, we conducted an experiment. We needed: a flashlight, a water container, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. The course of the experiment: We filled the tray with water. We put a mirror with an inclination. We directed the light of the flashlight to the part of the mirror immersed in water. To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, put cardboard in front of the mirror.

AS A RESULT, THE REFLECTION OF ALL THE COLORS OF THE RAINBOW APPEARED ON THE CARDBOARD, WE WERE ABLE TO GET A RAINBOW IN "HOME" CONDITIONS. Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

EXPERIENCE "HOW TO GET WHITE COLOR FROM COLOR COMPONENTS?" In the same way that we decomposed the white color into components, it is possible to get white back from the color components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at the appropriate angles, we will get a white beam at the exit from it.

It is difficult to do such an experiment on your own, but there is another way. If you take a white circle and paint it in the seven colors of the rainbow, and then put this circle on the axis. And start to rotate it quickly, the place of the colored circle, we will see a white one. This is due to the inertia of human vision. The eye cannot see each color separately on a rapidly rotating circle, and for it they all merge into one white color.

CONCLUSION As a result of the work done, we were convinced that the prism can transform a white beam into a seven-color, iridescent one. We found out that raindrops and ice crystals can divide the white color into seven colors, so you can observe a row in autumn, and summer, and spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We got acquainted with ways to get a rainbow and at home, creating white from color components.

LITERATURE 1. Belkin I. K. What is a rainbow? - "Quantum" 1984. 2. Bulat VL Optical phenomena in nature. M.: Enlightenment, 1974. 3. Geguzin Ya. E. “Who creates a rainbow?” - Quantum 1988. 4. Mayer V. V., Mayer R. V. "Artificial rainbow" - Quantum 1988. 5. "I know the world." Children's encyclopedia. Physics O.G. Hinn - M, LLC 6. Bragin A. About everything in the world. Series: Great children's encyclopedia. Publisher: Ast, 2007. 7. Children's encyclopedia "I KNOW THE WORLD". AST - LTD" 1998

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Hello! I, Antipenko Sergey, a student of the 1st "b" class of school No. 19

G. Abundant. And this is my supervisor, Meshalkina Marina Nikolaevna.

Allow me to present my research work "How to create a rainbow at home?".

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow. Many have probably noticed that the rainbow usually appears after the rain. I have seen a rainbow many times, and always this phenomenon delighted me. Last summer, my parents and I walked around the city. The weather was sunny, but suddenly it began to rain: warm, finely drizzling. It stopped as quickly as it started, and literally immediately we all saw a rainbow in the sky. I wanted to know what a rainbow is and how it appears.

The purpose of the study: to determine what is the relationship between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

The object of research is the natural phenomenon rainbow.

The subject of research is the origin of the rainbow.

Research problem:

how to create a rainbow at home;
how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored;
how to create white color from color components.

Research objectives:

How does a rainbow appear?
When does a rainbow appear?
Is it possible to get a rainbow at home?
How to get white color from color components?

Hypotheses put forward:

Suppose a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through the raindrops.
Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

Main methods: study of literature, observation, experiment.

Probably, there is no person who would not admire the rainbow. This magnificent colorful phenomenon in the sky has long attracted everyone's attention.Since childhood, we all know the saying “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting”, there is also a less popular version “How once Jean the ringer knocked a lantern with his head.” By the initial letters of these sayings, we remember the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as a rainbow.

Why does such a beautiful, and even color picture appear in the air? We looked for the answer to this question in the additional literature. Here's what we've learned.

Sunlight or an ordinary beam of white light is actually a combination of all colors. When a beam of light moves through the air, almost nothing happens to it, but if a transparent substance that noticeably differs in density from air comes across in its path, interesting things begin to happen to the light. Getting on the border of such a substance, the light is deflected, but the most important thing is that each of its components is deflected differently.

Isaac Newton proved that ordinary white is a mixture of rays of different colors. "I darkened my room," he wrote, "and made a very small hole in the shutter to let the sunlight in." In the path of the sun's ray, the scientist placed a special triangular glass - a prism. On the opposite wall, he saw a multi-colored strip - the spectrum. Newton explained this by saying that the prism decomposed the white color into its constituent colors. Newton was the first to figure out that the sun's ray is multicolored.

To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow (these multi-colored, bright stripes are called the solar spectrum). This is how we penetrated into the mystery of the beam, which was penetrated 300 years ago by the famous English scientist.

We looked at white objects through a prism, they looked colored, iridescent. Rainbow is the most famous, well-known spectrum.

So, for a rainbow to appear, the sun's beam must pass through a prism? But there are no prisms in the sky! How then does a rainbow appear?

2.2. How a rainbow appears

There is nothing strange here. A rainbow is simple, it's the sun's rays refracted in raindrops. When it rains, there are a lot of water droplets in the air. Each drop acts as a tiny prism, and since there are a lot of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. That's who turns out to be building colorful gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Sunbeam and raindrops. All rainbows are sunlight that passes through raindrops, as if through prisms, and is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky. The outer edge of the arc is usually red, while the inner edge is purple. There are seven colors in the solar spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

Conclusion: A rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops.

2.3. When the rainbow appears

Then the question arises: why do we not always see a rainbow when it rains with the sun?

A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun.
A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain.

You need to be strictly between the sun (it should be behind you) and the rain (it should be in front of you). Otherwise, you won't see the rainbow! The sun, our eyes and the center of the rainbow must be on the same line! If the sun is high in the sky, then such a straight line cannot be drawn. This is why rainbows can only be seen in the early morning or late afternoon. A rainbow appears on the condition that the angular height of the sun above the horizon does not exceed 42 degrees.

Is there a rainbow without rain?

It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals “float” in the air. They, too, can divide white into the seven colors of the rainbow, so rainbows can be observed even in winter. Air, although it seems to be absolutely transparent, actually also decomposes light into its constituent colors. Noticeable - it happens at sunrise or sunset. Passing through the thickness of the earth's atmosphere, its rays deviate a little, and as we remember, the red color deviates weaker than the others. It is for this reason that the sun, being near the horizon, acquires a red tint. Rays of a different color bow out more strongly and yes, we no longer reach.

Experience "Creating a rainbow at home"

To make sure that the white color consists of seven colors and the rainbow can be obtained artificially, we carried out an experience.

We needed a flashlight, a water tank, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. Experience progress:

Filled the tray with water
Set up a tilt mirror.
We directed the light of the flashlight to the part of the mirror immersed in water.
To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, put cardboard in front of the mirror.

As a result, a reflection of all the colors of the rainbow appeared on the cardboard, we were able to get a rainbow in "home" conditions.

Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

Experience "How to get white from color components?"

In the same way that we decomposed the white color into components, it is possible to get white back from the color components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at the appropriate angles, we will get a white beam at the exit from it.

4. CONCLUSION

As a result of the work done, we made sure that the prism can turn a white beam into a seven-color, iridescent. found out, that raindrops and ice crystals can divide the white color into seven colors, so you can watch a rainbow in autumn, and summer, and spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We met with ways to get a rainbow at home, creating white from color components.

In conclusion, I would like to thank my supervisor, Meshalkina Marina Nikolaevna, for her assistance in the course of my work.

Thank you for your attention!

The rainbow hung like a multi-colored rocker,
Dropping one end into the green ocean...
M. Rysakov

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow.

Many have probably noticed that the rainbow usually appears after the rain.

I have seen a rainbow many times, and always this phenomenon delighted me. Last summer, my parents and I walked around the city. The weather was sunny, but suddenly it began to rain: warm, finely drizzling. It stopped as quickly as it started, and literally immediately we all saw a rainbow in the sky.

I wanted to know what a rainbow is and how it appears.

Purpose of the study: determine what is the relationship between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

Object of study- a natural phenomenon rainbow.

Subject of study- the origin of the rainbow.

Research objectives - find answers to the following questions:

How does a rainbow appear?
Does the rainbow only appear on sunny days or can it be seen at night?
Is it possible to get a rainbow at home?

Hypotheses put forward:

Suppose a rainbow only appears on a sunny day after rain.
Suppose that at night it is impossible to see a rainbow in nature.
Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

Basic Methods Keywords: study of literature, observation, experiment.

On a gloomy autumn day, you just want to please yourself with something bright and unusual. You will be surprised, but sometimes colored paper can work wonders if you approach it creatively. So, let's begin. For a rainbow, you will need paper in seven colors, scissors, cotton wool (it will make two pretty clouds), a stapler, glue, silver beads and thread or fishing line.

First you need to cut out seven strips of the same width, but slightly different in length (approximately 6-7 mm).

We fasten the strips with a stapler on one side.

Then we align the edges on the other side and get a rainbow blank.

Now you need to make clouds from cotton wool. The secret is to lightly wet your fingers with water and form two clouds that you can glue to the ends of the rainbow.