Manifestation of aggression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and methods of its correction.

Manifestationchild aggression is one of the most common forms of behavioral disorder that parents, teachers and psychologists have to deal with.

Exercises that require a lot of physical activity are not always suitable for children with hyperactivity, especially when we work in a group, for example there is a wonderful exercise "Clowns" in which children turn into clowns who swear at each other with vegetables and fruits or pieces of furniture and much more, children with ADHD will find it difficult to complete this task; they may get carried away and offend their partner for real. As an alternative, I use the projective exercise “Draw the abuser”, which can be used both frontally and individually. The bottom line is that the child draws on paper someone who has ever offended him with something, and then add some funny details to him (horns, piglet, tail, mustache, etc., etc. ), this is quite exciting for children of primary school age, and therefore even children with hyperactivity perform it with pleasure and are little distracted (experience shows that older children and even adults are interested in this, even if they treat it with humor, but on unconscious level comes a feeling of relief and satisfaction).

But a child with ADHD cannot sit for a long time and eventually even an exciting, but sedentary activity bothers him and he begins to be distracted. To stir up a child, you can use the exercise with balloons, I have only used it individually with hyperactive children so far, but I think this exercise can also be performed in a group with other children. This exercise is probably familiar to many, for one child I take 3 balloons, first we choose a negative emotion that the child often experiences (if difficulties arise, then we choose the emotion that he experienced at least once in his life), then the child inflates the balloon, as if filling the balloon with his own negative emotion and thus freeing ourselves from it, we write the name of the emotion on the ball. Then we discuss the feelings of the child: “what does it feel to get rid of the emotion; whether it became easier, etc.”. after a discussion, so that this emotion cannot harm anyone and does not return to the carrier again, the child bursts the balloon and the emotion dissolves in the air (you can invite the child to try to burst the balloon himself, but I usually give a pen or pencil). This procedure is repeated two more times with other emotions. This exercise has a positive effect on children, it’s fun for them to pop and a balloon, and at the same time they realize how easy it is to get rid of negativity without harming anyone.

“Imagine that you are standing in a clearing. Above you is a dark night sky, all strewn with stars. They shine so brightly that they seem very close. The glade is flooded with soft, pale blue light. People say that when a star falls, you need to make a wish, and it will surely come true. They also say that you can't get a star. But maybe they just haven't tried? Find the brightest star in the sky with your mind's eye. What dream does it remind you of? Take a good look at what you would like. Now open your eyes, take a deep breath, hold your breath and try to reach for the star. It's not easy: stretch with all your might, strain your arms, stand on your toes. So, a little more, you almost got it. There is! Hooray! Exhale and relax, your happiness is in your hands! Place your star in front of you in a pretty basket. Enjoy looking at her. You have done something very important. Now you can rest a little. Sit down. Close your eyes. Again mentally look at the sky. Are there other stars out there that remind you of other cherished dreams? If there is, then carefully look at the chosen luminary. Now open your eyes, breathe in and reach for your new goal! Now put your hands down, relax, and never stop reaching for your goal.”

After graduation, we conduct a reflection, we select the reflection option according to age. With you adults, we can simply discuss this. With elementary school children, I usually ask them to complete the phrase “I liked the most..” or “I feel now…”, etc.

Tips for Parents of a Hyperactive Child

How can you tell if a child has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or is just active? Let's delimit these concepts.

active child:

- Most of the day he "does not sit still", prefers outdoor games to passive ones (puzzles, constructors), but if he is interested, he can read a book with his mother and assemble the same puzzle.
- Talks fast and talks a lot, asks an infinite number of questions.
- For him, sleep and digestive disorders (intestinal disorders) are rather an exception.
- He is not active everywhere. For example, restless and restless at home, but calm - in the garden, visiting unfamiliar people.
- He is non-aggressive. That is, by chance or in the heat of a conflict, he can kick his "colleague in the sandbox", but he himself rarely provokes a scandal.

hyperactive child:
- He is in constant motion and simply cannot control himself, that is, even if he is tired, he continues to move, and when he is completely exhausted, he cries and hysteria.
- He speaks quickly and a lot, swallows words, interrupts, does not listen to the end. He asks a million questions, but rarely listens to the answers to them.
- It is impossible to put him to sleep, and if he sleeps, then in fits and starts, restlessly. He often has intestinal disorders. For hyperactive children, all kinds of allergies are not uncommon.
- The child is uncontrollable, while he absolutely does not respond to prohibitions and restrictions. And in any conditions (home, shop, kindergarten, playground) behaves equally actively.
- Often provokes conflicts. He does not control his aggression - he fights, bites, pushes, and uses improvised means: sticks, stones ...

The main causes of hyperactivity

Often hyperactivity is a consequence of not too smooth birth and disorders in infancy. The risk group includes children born as a result of caesarean section, severe pathological childbirth, artificial babies born with low birth weight, premature babies. Given that the ecology and pace of modern life now leave much to be desired, it is not surprising why hyperactive children are not uncommon, but rather the norm of our lives today. And it is worth mentioning: not all children at risk are necessarily hyperactive! And later, if all the "misunderstandings" (restlessness, hysteria, colic, sleep disturbances) did not disappear before the baby's first birthday, then it is not too late to bring them back to normal after.

What needs to be done so that the baby gets rid of the "surplus" of activity?

1. Create certain living conditions for him.

This includes a calm psychological situation in the family, a clear daily routine (with obligatory walks in the fresh air, where there is an opportunity to frolic to fame). Parents will also have to work hard. If you yourself are very emotional and unbalanced, you are constantly late everywhere, in a hurry, then it's time to start working on yourself. We no longer rush headlong into the garden, constantly urging the child, we try to be less nervous and less likely to change plans "on the go." Say to yourself: "A clear daily routine" and try to become more organized yourself.

2. Use these tips:

It's not the kid's fault that he's such a lively guy, so it's useless to scold him, punish him, arrange humiliating silent boycotts. By doing this, you will achieve only one thing - a decrease in his self-esteem, a feeling of guilt that he is "wrong" and cannot please mom and dad.

Teaching your child to manage themselves is your first priority. "Aggressive" games will help him control his emotions. Everyone has negative emotions, including your child, only a taboo, tell him: "If you want to beat, beat, but not on living beings (people, plants, animals)". You can hit the ground with a stick, throw stones where there are no people, kick something with your feet. He just needs to splash energy out, teach him how to do it.

In education, it is necessary to avoid two extremes - the manifestation of excessive softness and the presentation of increased demands on him. Permissiveness should not be allowed: children should be clearly explained the rules of behavior in various situations. However, the number of prohibitions and restrictions should be kept to a reasonable minimum.

The child needs to be praised in each case when he managed to complete the work he started. On the example of relatively simple cases, you need to teach correctly, to distribute forces.

It is necessary to protect children from overwork associated with an excessive amount of impressions (TV, computer), avoid places with increased crowds.
- In some cases, excessive activity and excitability may be the result of parents presenting too high requirements to the child, which he simply cannot meet due to his natural abilities, as well as excessive fatigue. In this case, parents should be less demanding, try to reduce the load.

- "Movement is life", lack of physical activity can cause increased excitability. You can not restrain the child's natural need to play noisy games, frolic, run, jump.

Sometimes behavioral disorders may be a child's reaction to a psychological trauma, for example, to a crisis in the family, divorce of parents, bad attitude towards him, placement in the wrong class of school, conflict with a teacher or parents.

When considering a child's diet, give preference to proper nutrition, in which there will be no lack of vitamins and trace elements. A hyperactive baby, more than other children, needs to adhere to the golden mean in nutrition: less fried, spicy, salty, smoked, more boiled, stewed and fresh vegetables and fruits. Another rule: if the child does not want to eat - do not force him!

Prepare your fidget "field for maneuvers": active sports for him - just a panacea.

Teach your baby to passive games. We read, but also draw, sculpt. Even if it is difficult for your child to sit still, he is often distracted, follow him ("You are interested in this, let's see ..."), but after satisfying the interest, try to return with the baby to the previous lesson and bring it to the end.

Teach your baby to relax. Perhaps your "recipe" for finding inner harmony with him is yoga. For some, other relaxation methods are more suitable. A good psychologist will tell you what it can be: art therapy, fairy tale therapy, or maybe meditation.

And don't forget to tell your child how much you love him.

Preview:

Children's aggression

What is aggression?

Aggression is a physical or verbal (verbal) behavior aimed at harming someone.

How does aggression manifest itself in children?

• Anger and indignation in the desperate crying of a baby, the reason for which is simple: the physiological needs of the child are not satisfied. The aggressive reaction in this case is the reaction of the struggle for survival.
• An outburst of rage and a physical attack on a peer, conflicts due to the possession of toys in a baby 1.2-5 years old. If parents at this age are intolerant of his behavior, then symbolic forms of aggressiveness may form as a result: whining, disobedience, stubbornness, etc.
• Screaming, crying, biting, stamping feet in a 3-year-old child, which are associated with the limitation of his “exploratory instinct”, with the conflict between insatiable curiosity and parental “no”.
• Pugnacity in a boy, crying, squealing in girls of preschool age. Boys at this age show more aggressive tendencies than girls, as the latter are afraid of their manifestation due to fear of punishment. While the environment is more supportive and tolerant of boys' aggression.
• At primary school age, the most frequent acts of physical attack in boys and more "socialized" forms of aggression in girls: insults, teasing, rivalry.
• In adolescent boys, physical aggression (attacks, fights) continues to dominate, while in girls - negativism and verbal aggression (gossip, criticism, threats, swearing).).

Is it always bad?

Not always. Aggression has its own positive, healthy traits that are necessary for life.

This is perseverance, perseverance in achieving goals, striving for victory, overcoming obstacles. Therefore, educational activities should not be aimed at completely eliminating aggressiveness from the nature of children, but at limiting and controlling its negative features, and encouraging its positive manifestations..

Causes of child aggression.

Aggression can occur in the following cases:

• as a response to frustration. This is an attempt to overcome an obstacle on the way to satisfying needs, achieving emotional balance.
• as a last resort when the child has exhausted all other options to meet his needs.
• As "learned" behavior, when a child acts aggressively, following a pattern (behavior of parents, literary, film and television heroes).

Also, the manifestation of aggressiveness is influenced by biological factors (features of the nervous system, heredity, biochemical factors).

When do you need specialist help?

Two types of child aggressiveness require special intervention:

The first - when a child over the age of five takes pleasure in torturing other children and animals. This type is rare, but always requires special treatment by a neuropsychiatrist.

Second - hyperactive child Such a child is restless, aggressive, hurts everything and everyone, a “trail” of destruction and resentment stretches behind him. The behavior of such a child is characterized by impulsiveness, rash acts, violation of prohibitions. Such a child may be loving, generous, sweet at heart, but the biochemical imbalance of the cerebral cortex makes his behavior overactive. Such an impulsive child is the subject of concern for a doctor who can prescribe the necessary medicines.

Aggressiveness warning

The best way to avoid excessive aggressiveness in a child is to show him love. There is no baby who, feeling loved, would be aggressive.

• Parents should try to understand the causes of the child's aggressive behavior and eliminate them.
• Give your child the opportunity to vent their energy. Let him frolic alone or with a friend. Don't let an over-reactive child sit idle. Let his energy be spent for "peaceful" purposes: sports, scientific circles, "machinery", etc.
• Avoid watching movies and TV shows with scenes of violence and cruelty.
• Help your child find friends, teach him to communicate with peers. In joint classes, children will quickly learn the norms of generally accepted behavior.
• Don't resort to physical punishment.
• Show your child a personal example of effective benevolent behavior. Do not allow outbursts of anger and rage, insults to your colleagues, development of plans, revenge, with him.

Treatment of aggressiveness

Approximately the same methods are suitable for the treatment of aggressiveness as for the prevention. For a child of this type, just a gentle word can remove his bitterness. Do not consider such a child spoiled. If you begin to think this way, you may feel a sense of alienation, rejection of the child. He will definitely feel this, and the feeling of loneliness among the closest ones can lead to the fact that the child will become very difficult.

The child himself suffers the most from aggressiveness: he is in a quarrel with his parents, he loses friends, he lives in constant irritation, and often in fear. All this makes the child unhappy. Care and warmth for such a child is the best medicine. Let him feel at every moment that his parents love, appreciate and accept him. Let the child see that he is needed and important to you.

How to understand that your little fidget is not just an energetic little man, but a child with a pathology? And what to do when the diagnosis of ADHD is confirmed?

Recently, the term "hyperactivity" is increasingly found in the medical records of young patients. Let's try to figure out what lies behind this diagnosis.

Hyperactivity- in medical language ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a pathology in which the child is overly excitable and active.

• Unlike healthy children, who are also overly active from time to time, children with ADHD are constantly active. Excessive activity of children with ADHD is caused by the peculiarities of the action of the central nervous system, in particular its increased reflex excitability
• This disease is very difficult to diagnose, for there are no methods of drug treatment. In the medical environment, the very fact of the existence of such a pathology as "hyperactivity" causes a lot of controversy and inconsistencies.
• About a third of children are diagnosed with ADHD during adolescence, according to doctors, and a fraction of these children develop ways to cope with ADHD in adulthood.
• Usually, a child's hyperactivity begins to manifest itself clearly by 2-3 years. In infancy, it is difficult to diagnose, because. the symptoms are not clearly expressed, however, there are signs that you can pay attention to from birth

Signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in infants and children under three years of age

• Poor sleep: the child cannot be put to sleep during the day, he does not fall asleep well at night
• Frequent vomiting after eating (not regurgitation, but vomiting with a lot of contents)
• The child does not like everything that restricts his movements or puts pressure on the skin: diapers, mittens, hats with ties, sweaters with a closure under the throat
• They react too emotionally to any stimulus: bright light, loud sound, sudden movements
• There is constant motor activity: the baby moves his arms and legs all the time, before the due date begins to roll over, sit down, crawl and get up
• As a rule, hyperactive children are very attached to their mother, they can cry for hours when she is not there. At the same time, they find it difficult to make contact with unfamiliar people: they refuse to take toys out of their hands, prefer to hide, and react violently if someone tries to pick them up.

Signs of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool and Primary School Children

• Cannot concentrate on one subject, gets tired quickly during class and becomes distracted
• Cannot sit still for a long time: constantly fidgets in a chair, moves his arms and legs, looks around; in class or during feeding it is useless to ask him to sit still
• Drops everything halfway: reading a book, watching a cartoon, playing with peers
• Developing games that require perseverance (designers, puzzles, needlework) are of little interest to such children
• Poorly cope with everything that requires fine motor skills: applications, modeling, fasteners, laces, hooks on clothes
• They constantly get into some kind of stories, since hyperactive children have a reduced sense of danger and lack motor control: they fall, get injured out of the blue, often drop something, break and get dirty

• At school, they are bad at mathematics and calligraphy, they do not like to read
• In terms of development, they are often ahead of their peers: they have a fairly high intellect, they brilliantly cope with creative tasks, grasp the material faster
• Very difficult to discipline, often conflict with teachers, disrupt lessons
• The biggest problem is adapting with peers. Due to too mobile attention, hyperactive children are not able to fully support the conversation, get involved in the game; they are too talkative, they can cut off the interlocutor in mid-sentence and start their story
• They overreact to the taunts and jokes of classmates, conflict more often than usual, behave quite sharply and rudely at the slightest pretext; as a result, they often become outcasts and have no friends
• Due to the inability to concentrate, hyperactive children are very absent-minded and clumsy; they constantly lose something, forget, search for any object for a long time; they are not able to keep order in the closet, in the briefcase, in the room
• Due to overwork, they often suffer from headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, allergies and neurotic conditions.

Motor activity of children with ADHD

With all the negative aspects described, there are also positive aspects of the increased motor activity of the child. Movement contributes to the active development of all systems of a growing organism. The main thing is to properly organize the process and direct the activity of the baby in the right direction.

• Proper physical activity improves mood and improves sleep, develops the nervous system, regulates metabolic processes and blood supply to organs.
  Muscles and bones are strengthened, correct posture and body contours are formed, which contributes to the normal functioning of internal organs
• The heart and lungs are strengthened, blood supply and oxygen supply to various organs are improved accordingly.
• Muscle work with properly selected exercises directly affects mental development, speech, memory and thought processes.
• Important personal qualities develop: will, endurance and discipline

Cognitive activity of children with ADHD

Cognitive activity is the readiness of the child to achieve results, to develop certain skills and abilities, to assimilate didactic material in the right amount.

From the qualitative development of the cognitive activity of the child directly depends on his success in school and later life. For hyperactive kids, the help of parents in this matter is very important.

• Dose the amount of information received by the child. Lessons should be short, information simple and substantive - about what the child can see and touch. Abstract concepts preschool children are not able to perceive.
• If there is a possibility of practical application of the acquired knowledge, arrange a little experience with the child, this will help to better learn the material, since visibility is a very important factor in teaching preschoolers
• The information received should not be scattered, so as not to create an additional burden on the psyche.
• When submitting information, it is important to logically link it with the material already covered, so that the child has a complete picture of the world.
• Classes should be playful in nature, for preschoolers the game is the leading activity through which they learn about the world around them.
• You should categorically not punish a child for mistakes and incompetence, so you will discourage his interest in classes for many years to come.

Aggressive child

One of the manifestations of hyperactivity may be increased aggressiveness of the child. We are not talking about benign aggression that occurs in children when it is necessary to protect their territory from encroachment, or aggression as a response to the offender.

Increased aggressiveness- this is an unmotivated manifestation of anger directed at others.

Increased aggression is caused by the fact that for the overly excitable psyche of a child with hyperactivity, the slightest cause can serve as a serious irritant and, as a result, the manifestation of “protective” measures to eliminate the cause of irritation.

For others, such behavior often looks unmotivated, since completely harmless things from the point of view of adults can serve as a cause of irritation. How to behave if your child shows increased aggression?

In practice, public punishment (spanking, depriving a walk, making you ask for forgiveness in front of everyone) has the opposite effect: it only intensifies the conflict and makes the child want to annoy even more. If you ignore the aggressive antics of the child, then the baby perceives this as permissiveness, and manifestations of unmotivated aggression become the norm for him. How to help an aggressive child?

• At the first signs of aggression, you need to switch the child's attention to another topic. At the same time, close bodily contact between the baby and the parent is very important, since hyperactive children are very attached to their parents, especially to their mother.
• Encourage your child to share with you the reasons for anger. Firstly, the very process of putting emotions into words distracts and calms the child, and secondly, it will be easier for you to understand what triggered the aggression and how to eliminate it.
• Carefully monitor that in everyday life the child does not encounter aggressive behavior of others. Aggression in the family is unacceptable, watching cartoons and adult films with a high level of aggression should be avoided, comics, pictures and computer games that carry aggression should also be excluded from the child's field of vision
• Get your child a toy to beat. If he can't handle his anger, suggest that he pour all his emotions onto a punching bag or a soft pillow. Beat your gift and teach your child to dump aggression without harm to others

How to calm a child?

• Start talking - that is, at a very fast pace, start telling something “important” and interesting for the child. He will involuntarily listen, and the hysteria will gradually stop
• Switch attention to another object, show your interest in this object and include the child in the conversation: “Oh, look how interesting, I have never seen this. What do you think it is? Help me figure it out"
• Try to puzzle the child. For example, ask him to move his whims to another time: "Let's quickly go to the store before it closes, and when we get home, you can cry." Or, for example, ask the child to cry in bass, because grandma’s ears hurt from high-pitched sounds. Thinking about your offer, the child will calm down
• Close tactile contact soothes the child well. Take the child on your knees, hug him tight, whisper in his ear how much you love him, wipe away the tears
• Ask him about the reasons for crying, the empathy of the parent gives the baby a feeling of protection and peace

Hyperactive children have a very high need for approval, praise, acceptance, recognition. Due to their usual behavior, they hear reproaches and threats much more often than words of admiration. How can you create an environment in which your child will feel successful and self-confident?

• Give the child to the section or art school. Typically, hyperactive children are very creatively gifted: they draw beautifully, they have excellent hearing, and their talents stand out quite noticeably against the background of ordinary children.
• You can send your child to the sports section if he has a favorite sport and a clear ability for it. Hyperactive children usually have a fairly low threshold for fatigue and pain, so they also achieve noticeable success in sports.
• Direct the activity of the child in a useful direction: water the flowers, bring water, wash the dishes, clean the cage with parrots. It is important that the case does not require a long time, but brings noticeable help. You can give several tasks with short breaks. So the baby will throw out energy and at the same time feel pride in the work done.
• Praise the child for every success that he managed to achieve: he assembled the puzzle, painted the drawing, brought any work he started to the end, sat quietly through the lesson, lay quietly at sleep hour. Ask the same teachers in kindergarten and elementary school. A positive reaction from adults will make the child want to develop success in this direction.

• Psychologists advise when talking with a hyperactive child to first establish eye contact (“look at me, please”), only then start a conversation. If during the conversation the child is distracted, establish tactile contact (take the palm, stroke on the shoulder) - this action will gently return the child's attention to the topic of conversation
• Set a strict daily routine. Stability and predictability is a very important factor for hyperactive children. The established regimen will help to avoid excessive stress on the child's nervous system caused by unforeseen activities or lack of habit for a particular activity.
• Try to ensure that in the apartment and in the child's room all things have a strictly their place: a lamp, a basket of toys, a wardrobe. A hyperactive child is very distracted, and a strict order of things will help him quickly find the right object and, therefore, reduce the reason for excessive excitement.

hyperactive child. What should parents do?

Changes in the brain that cause increased excitability and hyperactivity of the child are not lifelong in nature and often disappear by adolescence.

Hyperactivity is not a disease in the strict sense of the word, it is just a temporary deviation. To make life easier for yourself and your baby during the period of growing up, parents need to follow a few simple rules:

• Avoid excessive punishment for disobedience, since the child's bad behavior is unintentional, he himself experiences some discomfort from the fact that he cannot adapt to the general rules. Scolding and accusations will only aggravate the condition of the child.
• Try to prevent the child's tantrum even before it occurs or develops to the hyperactive phase.
  Avoid situations that can cause too violent emotions in the baby: do not arrange surprises, sudden situations, a sharp change of scenery
• Develop certain rules under which the child receives a small reward for each well-done task that requires perseverance and attention
  Develop rules of conduct (situations in which the baby always hears the word “no”) and gently but strictly adhere to them
• Avoid crowds of people, big noisy holidays, a large number of guests in the house; This kind of environment is very stimulating.
  Avoid bright details, contrasting combinations and flashy colors in the design of the children's room; give preference to calm tones
• Avoid piling up furniture and a large number of toys in the nursery, avoiding disorder and clutter
• Play educational and educational games with your child more often. At the same time, there should be no extraneous sounds in the room (turned on TV or radio, extraneous conversations). It is quite difficult for your baby to concentrate, background noise will cause an additional burden on the psyche

• Hyperactive children are well helped to relieve the tension of outdoor play, trips to nature, active sports (but not competition!) - any activities that allow them to vent energy without disturbing others
• It is advisable to develop a certain ritual of preparing for sleep in order to develop a stable habit and a certain psychological attitude in the child. Stop all active games and activities 2 hours before bedtime. An hour before bedtime, turn off the TV, receiver, reduce the overall noise background in the apartment. 30-40 minutes before bedtime, drink herbal tea, take a bath, massage your legs. It helps to relax and relieve the tone of the nervous system.
• It is necessary to lay the child with the lights off and the windows and doors closed from extraneous noise. It is advisable to be close to the baby, setting him up for sleep: whispers, soft strokes, lulling movements and sounds.
• It is important that the room where the child sleeps is well ventilated. Materials for bed linen and pajamas should be made from natural materials that are not electrified, as static electricity increases the tone of the nervous system

Video: Hyperactive child. What to do?

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with school parents

on the topic:"Communication with aggressive

and hyperactive children»

Ust-Nersk basic general education

schools with remedial classes

psychologist teacher

Pascal Victoria Viktorovna

Ust-Nera settlement, 2010

Today we will talk about the difficulties that often occur in adolescents, and we do not know why children behave this way and what to do about it, how to communicate correctly. Let's try to understand one of these difficulties.

Aggression (from lat. - attack, attack) is destructive behavior that is contrary to the norms and rules of the coexistence of people in society, harming the objects of attack (animate and inanimate), causing physical damage to people (negative experiences, states of tension, fear, depression, etc.) (Psychological Dictionary). Bass and A. Darki identify 5 types of aggression, which can be schematically depicted as follows:

All these types of aggression can be observed in people of all ages, and sometimes they manifest themselves from early childhood.

The formation of a child's aggressive behavior is influenced by many factors, for example, some somatic diseases of the brain, as well as various social factors, can contribute to the manifestation of aggressive qualities. Currently, there is a growing body of scientific research confirming the fact that scenes of violence shown in movies and on TV screens contribute to an increase in the level of aggressiveness of the audience. There is also a direct link between manifestations of child aggression and parenting styles.

So, psychologists note that if a child is severely punished for any manifestation of aggressiveness, then he learns to hide his anger in the presence of his parents, but this does not guarantee the suppression of aggression in any other situation.

The neglectful, conniving attitude of adults to the aggressive outbursts of the child also leads to the formation of aggressive personality traits in him. Children often use aggression and disobedience in order to attract the attention of an adult. Toddlers whose parents are characterized by excessive compliance, insecurity, and sometimes helplessness in the educational process do not feel completely safe and also become aggressive. Uncertainty and hesitation of parents when making any decisions provoke the child to whims and outbursts of anger, with the help of which children can influence the further course of events and at the same time achieve their own. In order to eliminate unwanted manifestations of a child’s aggression, as a preventive measure, psychologists advise parents to pay more attention to their children, strive to establish warm relations with them, and at certain stages of the development of a son or daughter, show firmness and determination.

Parents should set an example for their children. The best guarantee of good self-control and adequate behavior in children is the ability of parents to control themselves.

Hyperactivity . In literary sources, the term "hyperactivity" does not yet have an unambiguous interpretation. However, many experts refer inattention, impulsivity, and increased motor activity to external manifestations of hyperactivity. Among the reasons for the appearance of hyperactivity in a child may be genetic factors, birth trauma (85% of cases), infectious diseases suffered by the child. By adolescence, increased motor activity, as a rule, disappears, and impulsivity and attention deficit remain.

Having identified a hyperactive child, the teacher or parent should contact a neurologist and conduct an appropriate medical examination.

Keeping in mind the individual characteristics of hyperactive children, it is advisable to work with them at the beginning of the day, and not in the evening, reduce their workload, and take breaks from work. An adult needs to remember that instructions for a hyperactive child should be very clear and concise (no more than 10 words). A hyperactive child needs to be encouraged often (praise and approval from adults is needed to build self-confidence, but do it not too emotionally so as not to overexcite the child). It is necessary to communicate with the child gently and calmly, because hyperactive children are very sensitive to screams, they can easily join your mood. These children get tired quickly, so parents should limit their children's stay in crowded places, try not to invite many guests into the house at once. Compliance with a clear daily routine at home is also one of the most important conditions for successful actions when interacting with a hyperactive child. If possible, it is necessary to protect a hyperactive child from prolonged computer sessions and from watching television programs, especially those that contribute to his emotional arousal. Calm walks with parents before going to bed are useful for a hyperactive child, during which parents have the opportunity to frankly, alone talk with the child, learn about his problems. And fresh air and a measured step will help the child calm down.

Campbell believes that parents of hyperactive children often make three major parenting mistakes. The mistakes he made are "traps":

Treatment and education of a hyperactive child should be carried out in a complex manner, with the participation of many specialists: a neurologist, psychologist, teacher, etc.

Anxiety - This is an individual psychological feature, which consists in an increased tendency to experience anxiety in a variety of life situations, including those that do not have this. Anxiety is situational and general.

The terms "anxiety" and "anxiety" are often confused. Anxiety is episodic manifestations of anxiety and excitement. Single, that is, frequently occurring manifestations of anxiety can develop into a stable state, which is called "anxiety". Anxiety consists of many emotions, one of the components of which is fear. The emotion of fear is experienced by people at any age, however, the so-called “age-related fears” are also inherent in each age, which have been studied and described in detail by many experts. From 7 to 11 years old, the child is most afraid of "being the wrong one", doing something wrong, not meeting generally accepted requirements and norms. Thus, the presence of fears in a child is the norm, but if there are a lot of fears, then we should already talk about the presence of anxiety and the nature of the child. J. Ranshburg and P. Popper revealed an interesting pattern: the higher the intelligence of the child, the more he experiences fears. One of the main reasons for the increased level of anxiety among younger students is considered to be a violation of parent-child relationships (parents' dissatisfaction with their work, financial situation and living conditions have a significant impact on the appearance of anxiety in children)

Most often, anxiety develops when the child is in a state of internal conflict. It can be called:

1) negative demands placed on the child, which can humiliate or put them in a dependent position;

3) conflicting demands placed on the child by parents or the school.

Quite often, anxious children have low self-esteem, which is expressed in blaming themselves, painful perception of criticism addressed to them. Such children tend to be more likely to be manipulated by adults and peers. In order to help children improve their self-esteem, psychologists suggest that they genuinely care for them and give positive assessments of their actions and actions as often as possible. First of all, it is necessary to call the child by name as often as possible and praise him in the presence of other children and adults. As observations have shown, the emotional stress of anxious children most often manifests itself in muscle clamps in the face and neck. The use of massage elements and even simple rubbing of the body helps to relieve muscle tension. And it is not necessary to resort to the help of medical specialists. Mom can apply the simplest elements of massage herself or just hug the child. You can also arrange impromptu masquerades, shows, just paint faces with mom's old lipsticks. Try to shout less, pull, make comments to anxious children - as this creates a feeling of defenselessness in the child.

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Reasons for aggressive behavior

The reason that a child will demonstrate "difficult" behavior, become unusually aggressive or even domineering, can be a whole complex of very different factors. Some people are calm and peaceful by nature, others are very mobile, impulsive or too quick-tempered and ready to show aggression. One of the factors on which both physical abilities and personality traits depend is definitely heredity.

When examining many people with a predisposition to aggressive and impulsive behavior, changes in the production of neurotransmitters - signaling substances - in the brain can be detected. So, a genetically determined change in the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain can lead to increased aggressiveness, and dopamine - to increased impulsivity. In aggressive men, changes in the level of, for example, male sex hormones are often detected. Through research, it was found that a change in the production of the "stress hormone" cortisol in children and adults led to a violation of social behavior.

Children who behave aggressively already in the first years of life tend to retain such behavioral patterns until puberty and are so-called antisocial personalities with a predisposition to the use of physical violence and manifestations of criminal behavior. These "difficult" children are often not able to show sympathy, to be sensitive towards other people, but on the contrary, they behave extremely unceremoniously. By their behavior and way of expressing emotions, they have a negative impact on others, while the passion for causing this kind of harm can be hereditary. In most cases, the cause of the problem of antisocial behavior of many adolescents, who also have negative character traits during puberty, lies in the living conditions of the family, which have a negative impact on personality development.

Children with marked anxiety, impulsiveness, inability to concentrate due to attention deficit, hyperactivity, or antidiuretic hormone in the body are likely to engage in aggressive behaviors in daily life, especially when they suffer from impaired impulse control.

Violation of impulse control is expressed in the fact that children are unable to think about their sudden ideas or desires - they immediately begin to act, putting them into practice and not thinking about the possible consequences. As a rule, they cannot wait and fail to control their anger, hence their irascibility and tendency to violent temper tantrums.

Impaired impulse control, however, can occur in the absence of antidiuretic hormone in the body. The causes of the production of antidiuretic hormone in the child's body may be heredity, harm to the child during fetal development, for example, if the expectant mother smokes, takes drugs or abuses alcohol during pregnancy, as well as complications during childbirth, such as hypoxia (oxygen starvation) or premature birth . Improper upbringing can also be one of the factors causing the production of antidiuretic hormone in the body, especially if the parents themselves suffer from a violation of social behavior. This factor can only increase the symptoms of disturbed social behavior in a child. Aggressive behavior is exhibited by about three-quarters of hyperactive children.

Many children who are found to have antidiuretic hormone have a so-called perceptual disorder. These children have difficulty comprehending and assimilating what they see or hear. Quite often, children, for example, with a low pain threshold or who do not feel their own body very well and, as a result, are awkward and rude in relations with other children, get to see children's doctors. These children draw attention to themselves with their physically aggressive behavior throughout the entire period of development. Watching them, you can see their disappointment that they do not succeed, and they themselves do not understand that their rudeness can hurt other children.

The disorder may also be unrelated to the production of antidiuretic hormone in the body, and its causes are usually the same as in the case of impaired impulse control. In addition, many children who do not have antidiuretic hormone have a so-called partial perception disorder. It primarily affects the learning process and can lead to dyslexia (impaired reading and writing) or acalculia (impaired counting), as well as cause disappointment in school and disgust for it and the educational process in general.

Hyperactive children with impaired attention and inability to concentrate often become unrecognized in the family or school, and frustration in everyday life can provoke aggressive behavior in them. That is why communication with such children requires great patience from adults.

A low level of intelligence is a serious obstacle to the normal development of the personality and can be the cause of the child's aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior with the use of violence is observed in children with an underdeveloped intellect, primarily outside of school, among children and adolescents with poor academic performance. Children with intellectual disabilities tend to have a reduced ability to make judgments. Adolescents prone to aggressive behavior often act suddenly and at the same time, at the moment of aggression, do not think about the consequences of their actions, about possible punishment. These children are unaware of both the short and long term consequences of their actions (the pain experienced by their victims, social sanctions, etc.). Aggressive children and adolescents often mistakenly perceive other people's actions and opinions as hostile when in fact they are not.

Aggressive behavior with elements of violence can be provoked not only by a violation of the perception of one's own body, a reduced ability to learn, or a predisposition to hyperactivity or impulsivity. Speech development disorder also provokes aggressive behavior. A person becomes frustrated when he cannot correctly formulate and express his thought or when it is difficult to understand him due to speech defects. This is very well seen in healthy young children when they start to fight or take something away, screaming and resisting, because they still do not speak very well and cannot say what they want. Therefore, impaired speech development is a very serious problem, and it is likely that it may underlie the impairment of auditory abilities or auditory sensations and provoke the development of deviations from the norms of behavior.

The genetic and physical abilities of the individual are greatly influenced by the so-called psychosocial factors, which can become an impetus for the development of a tendency to aggressive and problematic actions. These factors act on the mechanisms of personality development, which are presented in the theories discussed above. But it should be noted that neither prevention nor proper treatment of children can change the physiology of the individual.

At the initial stage of "difficult" behavior and in the event of violations of social behavior, there is a close relationship between the predisposition of the individual and the load factors in everyday life (psychosocial risk factors), which are very important to recognize and eradicate in a timely manner. Since the process of turning the “difficult” behavior of a four-year-old into the disturbed social behavior of an eleven-year-old is almost impossible to change, helping families in the early stages of children's personality development plays a huge role, and it is better to prepare for raising a child already during pregnancy or at least in the first months of a baby’s life. . Unfortunately, only 10% of families are aware of the real need for psychological assistance, and yet they do not receive it or receive it too late.

As we have already found out, the lack of parental love and attention also causes children's aggression. But the child needs very little from you. For example, to play together or watch Uzbek films of 2012 with the participation of schoolchildren, or just to hear a nice word addressed to you. Watching family movies together can become bridges in your communication.