Brief information about the country

Date of Independence

Official language

Arab

Form of government

A constitutional monarchy

Territory

83,600 km² (114th in the world)

Population

5 473 972 people (114th in the world)

United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED)

Timezone

The largest city

$271.1 billion (49th in the world)

Internet domain

Telephone code

United Arab Emirates, the most spectacular showcase of the Middle East and one of the best vacation spots on the planet, is located in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula and is washed by the azure waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs. El-Imarat al-Arabiya al-Muttahid, as its inhabitants call their country, is a federal state and includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaim, Fujairah, Umm al-Qaiwain and Ajman . Each of them has its own zest, its own customs and natural features.

Video: UAE

Basic moments

This eastern country, which has not yet celebrated its 50th anniversary, owes its prosperity not to the dictates of a fabulous genie, but to the colossal deposits of oil and gas found in this region, as well as to a reasonable, far-sighted and fair approach to the use and distribution of natural treasures inherited by it.

Harmoniously combining the traditions of East and West, the United Arab Emirates managed to expressively combine the past and the present. Here, buildings made of concrete and glass side by side with ancient mosques built of clay, modern shopping centers - with exotic oriental markets, and the strict laws of Islam do not apply to tourists who want to have fun in their hotel or take care of alcohol supplies in duty free .

The sunny country, where there is almost no rain, is ready to receive tourists all year round. In winter, the air temperature in the UAE does not fall below +20 °C, and in summer it usually exceeds +40 °C. But since the climate here is dry, the heat is tolerated quite easily, besides, all rooms and even bus stops are air-conditioned.

Hotels in the UAE will give you comfort, and the beaches will amaze you with the contrast of colors that have absorbed the whiteness of the sand, the emerald shades of the foliage of date palms, located in disorder on the shore, and the azure of gentle coastal waves. You can discover the wonders of the underwater world by diving off the coral reefs or by riding a camel and heading into the desert to feel its hot breath. In the United Arab Emirates, inquisitive travelers will find ancient architectural monuments and interesting museums. At the service of tourists who prefer active recreation are tennis courts, golf courses, football grounds, the opportunity to go in for horseback riding, archery, water sports, including extreme ones. Passionate shopping lovers should be reminded that the UAE is the best place on the planet for this exciting activity.

UAE cities

All cities in the UAE

Attractions UAE

All sights of the UAE

History of the United Arab Emirates

The entire history of the United Arab Emirates is divided into pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. It is known that before the advent of Islam, this territory was inhabited by nomadic tribes. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, catching pearls. A special place in the way of life of the Arabs was occupied by the breeding of camels - animals, without which life in the harsh conditions of the desert would be even more difficult. Camel hair was used for making clothes, animal meat for cooking, droppings for making a fire, and their endurance helped the nomads overcome hot sandy impassability.

For a long time, the scarce land did not attract conquerors from the great empires that existed in the neighborhood to these lands, at that time even merchant ships rarely came here. However, life was not peaceful here: the tribes constantly fought among themselves for water and land more suitable for life. The Arabs themselves call this period "Jahiliya", which means "primitive rudeness, ignorance."

Despite the harsh natural conditions, progress was made in the life of the nomads: they learned how to extract groundwater and use it in agriculture. By the 7th century, when the power of the Arab Caliphate, which brought Islam here, was established in this territory, there already existed large settlements with dwellings that were built from clay and fragments of coral reefs. The most significant of them - Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah - soon became cities.

As the Arab Caliphate weakened, this territory gradually withdrew from its sphere of influence, and here independent sheikhdoms (emirates) were formed - small states. On these lands of the Arabian Peninsula, located at the crossroads of sea routes connecting the countries of the Mediterranean and India, trade began to develop. Ships moored to the shores of the Persian Gulf more and more often, and merchants from all over Arabia, India and Persia equipped caravans for local pearls.

In the 10th-11th centuries, the sheikhdoms fell under the influence of neighboring Oman, and from the 15th century Europeans began to show interest in this territory. Over time, the Portuguese, and then the British, fortified here and controlled the sea routes and trade. The British protectorate existed here until 1971.

In the 1920s, colossal oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf, but the active extraction of "black gold" began thirty years later. In 1964, the League of Arab States, which declared the right of the Arab countries to independence, opposed the protectorate, and in 1968 the British government announced its decision to withdraw its troops from this Middle Eastern region.

The meeting of sheikhs in Abu Dhabi on December 2, 1971 is considered to be the starting point for the history of the realization of the “great Arab dream”. It was then that the six emirates of the Persian Gulf decided to unite their territories and resources. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined the federation a year later.

The political system of the UAE is unique in its own way: it combines elements of a republican (electoral) system with a monarchical form of government, where the ruler of each emirate is unquestioning authority.

modern country

Today it is difficult to imagine that even 50 years ago in the UAE, from the shores of the Gulf to the horizon, a hellish desert stretched. The impetus for the phenomenal development of the region was given by the oil boom that began in the 70s. Crowded cities with skyscrapers and palaces, wide highways and green parks began to appear in the desert scorched by the Arabian sun.

The prudent and wise emirs, the heads of the seven emirates, who considered that tourism is one of the best investments of profit from the oil and gas trade, showed creative thinking and decided that their tourist paradise would not be like the resorts of Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, Tunisia. They invited the most talented architects and engineers from all over the world, obsessed with original, sometimes seemingly insane ideas, to the country, and today, looking at local hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, one gets the impression that the UAE is a phantasmagoric living illustration for fairy tales from 1000 and one night. But in the Emirates, instead of fabulous palaces, futuristic buildings impress with their magnificence, instead of camel caravans, luxury cars rushing along impeccable roads at a minimum speed of 160 km / h cross the desert, and mysterious houris in translucent robes have given way to modern divas in no less seductive beach outfits that , however, can only be demonstrated in the resort area.

Every day fabulous sums pass through the banks of the UAE, which are one of the cornerstones in the financial system of the Middle East. And the endless flow of money here is as regular as the ebb and flow in the Persian Gulf. Many residents of the Emirates are the richest people in the world, and the title of "sheikh" today is steadily associated with countless treasures, palaces, yachts, luxury cars. However, the rest of the citizens of the United Arab Emirates can hardly be called poor.

Population

After the declaration of the state, the first census was carried out. The registries included two hundred thousand indigenous people who received passports of citizens of the United Arab Emirates. Today, their number has increased to almost a million, which is 11% of the total population of the country. The majority of those living in the UAE are from other Arab countries, South Asia, North Africa, and they are not covered by the benefits available to indigenous people: free medicine, education (including in foreign universities), subsidies for utility bills.

Young citizens of the UAE, upon marriage, receive land from the state or funds for its acquisition, as well as an interest-free loan for building a house, which, moreover, can be repaid from the state budget after the birth of a third child. The houses of local residents are more like palaces surrounded by green gardens. By the way, fertile land and trees in the Emirates are imported items, and landscaping is not at all cheap, as is water for the irrigation system, which is individual for each tree and bush here.

Indigenous people of the United Arab Emirates work in government agencies or in senior positions in commercial firms. The rest of the work is the lot of visitors, who live here not so badly.

It may seem that the golden rain of petrodollars has severed the connection between the past and the present. But the inhabitants of a dynamically developing country remain faithful to Islam, strictly adhere to the morality and traditions laid down by the ascetic prophet Muhammad, and do not change their traditional clothes.

UAE currency

The official currency in the United Arab Emirates is the dirham. The rate of 3.67 dirhams to $ 1 was fixed in 1980, and has not changed until now. A large number of international banks are represented in the UAE by their branches. It is better to exchange currency in one of them, since the exchange rate at the hotel is significantly lower.

Customs

The customs laws of the United Arab Emirates, in general, are quite liberal, and any goods can be exported from the country in any quantity. Import and export of currency is also not limited. However, there are restrictions on the import of certain goods. You can import no more than ten packs of cigarettes, four hundred cigars, two kg of tobacco into the UAE. But, first of all, strict import restrictions apply to alcohol. A foreigner who crosses the border of the Emirates is allowed to import no more than 2 liters of spirits and 2 liters of wine per person.

Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is the largest emirate of the United Arab Emirates in terms of area, where the capital of the country of the same name is located. It is the richest in the Commonwealth of the Emirates, which is not surprising, because it has 20 times more oil fields than Dubai, Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah combined.

The northern coast of the capital emirate is washed by the warm waters of the Persian Gulf, the Jabal al-Hajar mountain range rises in the east, and in the south, in the Liwa oasis, dozens of emerald “patches” of land with the fertile shade of palm trees alternate with the majestic mobile sand dunes of the Rub al- Khali.

Capital

The city of Abu Dhabi is located on the island of the same name, separated from the western coast of the Ruus el Jibal peninsula by the Al Maktaa sea strait, the width of which is 250 m. The island, in turn, is surrounded by small islands of natural and artificial origin.

On the mainland is part of the urban area, suburbs, Abu Dhabi International Airport. Here, in the coastal strip, there is one of the few historical sights of the city - Al-Maktaa Fort, built in the century before last to protect the coastal territory. For the same purpose, the Al-Maktaa watchtower was built, which can be seen on a stone island in the strait.

The fort, built in Arabic style using wood and soft stone, has now been restored and houses a tourist office where you can purchase educational literature, guidebooks in your preferred language and maps of the city.

Three bridges lead from the mainland to the central districts of the city, surrounded by luxurious greenery of gardens and parks, two of which are doubled. The first thing you will see when you cross the Al-Maktaa Strait on the bridge of the same name are the domes and four minarets of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, which is a symbol of Muslim faith and the personification of the wealth of the state. This majestic mosque bears the name of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the seventeenth Emir of Abu Dhabi, one of the founders of the UAE and its first president. His ashes rest at the walls of the temple.

The luxurious building is decorated with 1000 columns and 82 domes, the largest of which, 85 m high, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The world record holders include a huge Iranian carpet covering the floor of the prayer hall, as well as a grandiose chandelier shining with many Swarovski crystals.

The mosque is decorated with artificial reservoirs, its courtyard, located on the territory of 17,000 m², is decorated with colored mosaics. The building of the temple and its courtyard can accommodate more than 41 thousand believers. This shrine is one of the few mosques in the state, which is ready to receive tourists at the set hours.

To the north of the mosque is the Al-Batin Airport, built about half a century ago, the first in the UAE. Today it has been modernized, but only accepts domestic flights and serves business aviation.

Khalifa Park, named after the current President of the UAE and Emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, is located on a vast territory not far from the airport. In this green oasis, where trees, shrubs and flowers from all over the globe are planted, you can spend the whole day. Here guests can enjoy man-made canals and lakes with illumination, fountains, labyrinths of alleys, playgrounds, an aquarium, attractions, one of which, the Time Tunnel, reflects the history of the country.

Al-Ittihad Square, located in the west of the island, is also of interest. It is decorated with six impressive sculptures of snow-white stone, which are symbols of Arabia - a cannon, a watchtower, a kind of cap with which the Arabs cover food, a coffee pot, a vessel for washing hands in rose water and a bowl for burning incense.

To the south of the square is the oldest architectural landmark of the city - the fortress of Qasr Al Hosn, or the White Fort, built in 1793. Its most ancient part, one of the watchtowers, was erected to guard the only source of water on the island at that time. The image of the tower can be seen on the banknote of 1000 dirhams. Until 1966, Qasr Al Hosn had the status of the residence of the sheikhs of the Al Nahyan family, which still rules in Abu Dhabi.

The northwestern end of the square borders on the many kilometers of the city's central waterfront - the Corniche, the most beautiful and popular place in Abu Dhabi. It stretches from the Sheraton Hotel to the Emirates Palace, one of the most luxurious hotels in the Middle East. This wide promenade with graceful fountains, restaurants, cafes, bike paths and pedestrian areas is divided into several magnificent landscaped parks. It overlooks the ten-kilometer man-made island of Al-Lulu. According to the project, after the final completion of the work, it will become one of the most prestigious holiday destinations in Abu Dhabi.

The spacious city beach of Corniche Beach Park stretches between Al Hosn Family Park and the Hilton Hotel. It became the first beach among others located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, which was awarded the Blue Flag in 2011 and still holds it. On the seashore with white silky sand, all conditions for a comfortable stay are created. The territory is divided into 5 zones: a beach for families, women and children, where single men are not allowed to enter (10 dirhams for an adult, 5 dirhams for a child), a paid beach where entry is open to everyone (the cost is the same), and three accessible to all free public beach. On all beaches you need to pay for the use of umbrellas, sunbeds and towels. However, you can sunbathe just on the sand - this is not forbidden.

In the northeast of the Corniche, on the Al Mina peninsula, there is a harbor where traditional Arabic schooner dhows, boats and yachts are moored, on which you can go on a mini cruise along the coast.

Nearby are two small colorful markets: the fish market, where freshly caught fish is unloaded and sold in the morning, and the Iranian souk, beloved by tourists, is even rows of shops and shops located at the very tip of the pier. A variety of goods are presented on the shelves: handmade rugs, copper coffee pots, traditional Arab jewelry, chasing, antiques, jewelry. Most of the products are delivered here from Iran, Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

Not far from the Corniche (across the canal) is the island of Al Marina, where there are many interesting places. Among them, one of the main attractions of the capital is the Abu Dhabi Heritage Village, or, as it is more commonly called, the Abu Dhabi Ethnographic Village. There is an exposition demonstrating the life of the inhabitants of the Arabian Desert in ancient times, archaeological finds are presented: weapons made of bronze, jewelry made of gold. Periodically, there are performances of dancers and musicians. The entrance is free.

Nearby is the grandiose shopping center Marina Mall. Its infrastructure includes a cinema, a bowling alley, a skating rink, an observation deck, cafes, restaurants, but most importantly, it is simply a paradise for shoppers.

A fascinating route around the city on the Big Bus Tours sightseeing buses starts from the Marina Mall. Traveling on one of these dark red open top double decker buses offers the best views of Abu Dhabi. The bus slowly moves along the circular route, along which there are 11 stops. A ticket starting at AED 182 for an adult and AED 90 for a child will allow you to get off and on the next bus at any of the stops. The ticket is valid for 24 hours. The tour is accompanied by an audio guide, which broadcasts in 8 languages, including Russian.

Near the Al-Mina Peninsula is the island of Al-Saadiyat. It has a natural origin and, according to far-reaching plans, should become the cultural capital of the UAE. Major cultural attractions - the Guggenheim Museum of Abstract Art, the Sheikh Zayed National Museum, the Louvre Abu Dhabi - are in various stages of completion. But the nine-kilometer beach area is already built up with luxury hotels, beach complexes and golf clubs. There is also a small public beach, chosen by tourists due to its white sand and crystal clear water. You need to pay 25 dirhams to enter it, and the same amount for using a sun lounger and umbrella.

A 25-minute drive from the center of Abu Dhabi, in the southern part of the artificial island of Al Yas, the Yas Marina racing circuit was built, which impresses with an original concept. The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, one of the stages of the Formula 1 World Championship, is held here.

North of the circuit is the largest indoor theme park on the planet Ferrari World Abu Dhabi with an area of ​​86,000 m². Its gigantic, curved roof (200,000 m²) is curved in places, painted in Ferrari's signature red colors and adorned with the iconic brand's grandiose logo.

Of the many attractions in the park, fans of extreme sports choose the Ferrari Rossa rollercoaster, which gives desperate thrill-seekers the opportunity to feel what the speed of 240 km/h means.

The cost of visiting the park is 275 dirhams for adults, 230 dirhams for children over 3 years old.

Al Gharbiya

The dominant part of the territory of the emirate of Abu Dhabi (83%) belongs to the Al-Gharbiya region. It is called "the place where the desert meets the sea". Luxurious white beaches stretch along the multi-kilometer coastline of Al Gharbiya, and numerous forts that can be seen here against the backdrop of an impressive landscape remind of the history of this land.

150 km from the capital, among the sands of the endless desert of Rub al-Khali, there is the Liwa oasis, which is a kind of chain of small patches of greenery that stretches for almost 100 km with a horseshoe, uniting fifty cities.

These life-giving corners of land with palm groves and freshwater reservoirs have traditionally served as the home of the Beni Yaz tribe, from whom the dynasties that rule today in Abu Dhabi and Dubai descend. In ancient times, the main occupation of the inhabitants of the oases was the breeding of camels and the cultivation of date palms.

Paying tribute to this tradition, the UAE residents massively come here during the days of two traditional festivals: date and camel. These festivities are held in the main city of Al-Gharbiya - Madinat Zayed. Here the "ships of the desert" compete in beauty, running and milk yield. By the way, the cost of a racing camel exceeds one and a half million dirhams, and some fans of camel competitions own entire herds of such runners. The champion camel is a prestigious and very profitable movable property, because the winners receive valuable gifts - expensive cars, collectible weapons, souvenirs made of pure gold.

In Liva, you will see majestic dunes, the color of which changes throughout the day - from light golden to crimson. The sands are especially magnificent in the morning and evening hours. You can ski on the dunes.

One of the most magnificent natural attractions of the UAE, the island of Sir Bani Yas, is located in the most remote corner of Al Gharbiya, 250 km from Abu Dhabi. Almost the entire territory of the island (87 km²) is a natural reserve called the Arabian Wildlife Park.

Archaeological finds indicate that people lived here several centuries ago. But by the middle of the last century, the island had practically turned into a desert. The Emir of Abu Dhabi liked this place, and the island began to come to life. Since 1971, when a nature reserve was established here, more than 8 million ornamental and fruit trees have already been planted on this stretch of land, rare species of animals and birds have been brought here, hotels, restaurants, cafes, equestrian clubs have been built for guests of the island.

Today white antelopes, cheetahs, mountain sheep, ostriches, giraffes, gazelles live here. You can travel around the island of Sir Bani Yas by bike or on horseback, and learn about the wonders of the underwater world by dressing in scuba gear. Dolphins live along the luxurious coast, which can be observed from October to March.

Al Ain

Al Ain is the oldest city in the UAE. It is the administrative center of the eastern region of the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The city is located in the foothills of the Jabar al-Hajar massif on the border with the Sultanate of Oman. In Al Ain, which preserves the spirit of a real Arab city, the indigenous inhabitants of crowded cities located on the coast of the Persian Gulf like to relax. Many wealthy families have their own apartments or villas here.

Fertile land and a relatively mild climate have turned Al Ain into a garden city, where flowers are fragrant all year round, and evergreen trees and shrubs give coolness. Here you will not see skyscrapers, as there are restrictions on the height of buildings under construction in the city.

In the heart of the city is the oasis of Al Ain with its huge plantations of date palms. It is to this oasis that the city owes its name, which means “spring” in Arabic.

In the eastern part of the oasis is the ancient Al Ain Palace Museum, which served in the past as the residence of the first president of the United Arab Emirates, whose homeland this city is. The territory of the museum includes several courtyards that once separated the female and male halves of the palace, many halls and chambers, high watchtowers. The rich art gallery of the museum is interesting, where you can see portraits of persons from the ruling family in Abu Dhabi. A visit to the museum will cost 3 dirhams.

The city has many mosques and modern shopping centers, oriental markets and original fountains. It is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists, for whom the doors of beautiful comfortable hotels are open.

Al Ain is located far from the coast, so one of the most popular places here is Wadi Adventure. This man-made water park is located at the foot of the majestic Jebel Hafeet mountain and is the only water park in the region with artificial water flows, where you can go rafting, kayaking, surfing. There is also a 3.3 meter deep pool and a 1.7 km long kayak ride.

Be sure to visit Wildlife Park & ​​Resort - the largest zoo in the UAE. On its vast territory, in spacious enclosures, animals from different parts of the world have found their home, many species of which are now on the verge of extinction. The zoo is located near the Jebel Hafeet mountain (1240 m). You can climb to its top along the 11-kilometer serpentine, and capture amazing panoramas from one of the observation platforms.

Emirate of Dubai

In terms of its territory, the emirate of Dubai is second only to the capital emirate, but outside the city of the same name, the land is almost deserted. In the west, the emirate is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, in the northeast it is adjacent to Sharjah, and in the south - to Abu Dhabi.

Everything in this emirate is amazing: the highest buildings on the planet, man-made islands that are visible from space, luxurious hotels - the manifestation of the flight of human imagination, grandiose malls where you can wander forever, and the most incredible leisure options. Its green parks provide cool shelter and shelter from the scorching sun.

Dubai was founded in 1833. The huge city grew out of two tiny settlements located at the mouth of Khor Dubai (often called Dubai Creek): one of them, Deira, was located on the northeastern shore of the bay, and the second, Bur Dubai, on the southwestern shore. Today, these areas are the historical core of an ultra-modern, constantly growing metropolis, where more than 2 million people live.

The northern suburbs of the city have already practically connected with the territory of the neighboring emirate of Sharjah, so the city remains to expand only to the east, conquering the sands of the desert, and to the south-west, beyond Jumeirah - a fashionable area where luxurious villas and hotels are located, which are often called an incredible word " seven-star."

In the southwest of Dubai, there is a grandiose port, as well as the Jabel Ali Free Economic Zone, which is one of the main pillars of the wealth of the UAE. With the business center of the city, built up with skyscrapers, this territory is connected by a high-speed multi-lane highway.

Dubai's main inland water area, which has been its natural harbor since the city's inception, is a narrow sea bay, 14 km deep, cutting into the land, which can be mistaken for a river. The traditional means of communication between the shores were flat-bottomed wooden boats - abra. They still run along and across the bay today, mainly as a water taxi.

The historical district of the city, which is located on the shore of the bay, is called Bastakia. It is built up with buildings of the late XIX - early XX century. These houses were built according to the traditional Arab principle: the foundation is built from a mixture of red clay and palm wood, and the walls are made from coral blocks and limestone slabs. Merchants, fishermen and wealthy families lived here.

A walk around Bastakiya should start from the Sheikh Mohammed Cultural Center - one of the most elegant buildings in the area, then, bypassing the Bastakiah Nights restaurant, which is also located in a historic building, go to the White Mosque and the last of the surviving sections of the city wall. Next, check out one of the art galleries and head to Al Fahidi Fort, today home to the Dubai City Museum. The main part of its expositions is located in the underground part, equipped with the latest museum technologies.

Many beautiful mosques have been built in Dubai, but only one of them is open to tourists, however, it is the most impressive. This is the Jumeirah Mosque, which first received believers in 1979. Built of pink sandstone, it is an example of Arabic architecture from the 10th-13th centuries and has two minarets. After visiting a Muslim temple, take a stroll through the exotic garden that surrounds it.

The modern areas of the city are crossed by the famous ten-lane Sheikh Zayed Road, rushing towards Abu Dhabi. From its southeast side, you can see the 39-storey building of the Dubai World Trade Center. This is the first skyscraper in the UAE, which was built back in 1979, and its height is “only” 149 m. To the south, the Emirates Towers rush up. These two skyscrapers, built in the shape of a triangle, have different heights, but are similar as twin brothers. The higher building (355 m, 56 floors) houses the offices of the Emirates airline, the other (309 m, 54 floors) houses the prestigious Emirates Towers hotel and the Emirates Towers Boulevard shopping complex, where boutiques under the brands of world fashion luminaries are located.

To the east lies one of the most modern and brilliant areas of Dubai - Downtown Burj Khalifa with its legendary skyscrapers. In the very center there is an artificial lake, in the middle of which there is a musical fountain, the height of its beating jets reaches 275 meters. In the evenings, it is painted in different colors by 6,000 light sources, and the action is a fantastic extravaganza of the dance of water, music and colors.

On the shore of the lake rises the tallest building on the planet - the skyscraper Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower"). It has been under construction for 6 years and opened its doors in 2010. The skyscraper rushes up to 828 m. It has 163 floors, excluding technical ones. Most of the area of ​​the colossal building is reserved for prestigious offices and residences.

The lower floors of the Khalifa Tower are occupied by the luxurious Armani Hotel Dubai, and on the 122nd floor is the restaurant At.mosphere, which is located above all other restaurants in the world. Those wishing to admire the city from a bird's eye view can climb to the 124th floor (505 m). Here they are waiting for the observation deck At the Top. Entrance here is by tickets (from 75 dirhams). They can be ordered in advance on the skyscraper's website or bought immediately before visiting the observation deck on the lower floor of the Dubai Mall, however, it will be significantly more expensive.

The Dubai Mall Center is one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in the world, its total area is 1,124,000 m². On the territory of this four-level shopping center there are more than 1200 shops, two department stores, a gold market, a hundred cafes and restaurants. Among the attractions located on the territory of the complex are an Olympic-sized ice rink and the world's largest indoor aquarium, which is inhabited by a huge number of marine life. You can admire them for free, but to feed the fish by entering a special tunnel, or swim in a steel cage among the sharks, you will need to pay 70 dirhams.

Another well-known shopping and entertainment center "Mall of Emirates" is the world's largest indoor ski resort, hosting guests of sunny Dubai all year round. The height of the complex is 85 m. There are 5 slopes and a 90 m long snowboarding track, as well as lifts, toboggan runs, an ice cave and a cinema.

To get the full impression of Dubai, you just need to visit the man-made islands - Palm Jumeirah. The archipelago consists of three islands, each of which is shaped like palm branches. They are connected with the mainland by a sandy strip, personifying the trunk.

The archipelago is like a beautiful city with elegant houses, apartments, hotels, wonderful roads, restaurants, embankments, offering amazing views of Dubai, especially in the evening when the city begins to light up with lights. Rest here, of course, is not for a budget tourist, but it’s easy to go on an excursion - you can get here by metro or taxi.

Al Mamzer Beach Park is located on the northeast coast of Dubai. Its vast well-groomed territory is divided into five zones located in small bays. The park has two large swimming pools, sports and playgrounds, cozy cafes, kiosks where you can buy ice cream and water. Entrance here costs 5 dirhams, entry by car - 30 dirhams, you need to pay for an umbrella and sun loungers separately, as well as for using the pool.

Al Mamzer is the extreme point of Dubai. The coast stretching further to the northeast is already Sharjah.

Emirate of Sharjah

In the west, the coast of the emirate of Sharjah is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, and in the east - by Oman. Its history begins in 1630. It is known that Sharjah was the richest city in the region, whose wealth was based on pearling, trade, slave trade and piracy. In 1727, the Al-Qasimi tribal clan established itself here, ruling to this day in Sharjah and the neighboring emirate of Ras al-Khaimah. This dynasty, whose representatives in the 18th century commanded the entire pirate fleet in the Persian Gulf, especially adheres to the dogmas of Sharia, therefore the basis of all areas of life in Sharjah is the conservative traditions of Islam.

Alcohol is strictly taboo here, it is impossible to buy it even in hotels. Keeping strong drinks in a hotel room is also prohibited. In practice, no one, of course, will conduct a search, but it is unpleasant to feel like a violator of the law. This is probably why the prices for accommodation in local hotels are much lower than in other emirates, which reduces the cost of the tour. Hugging and kissing on the streets is unacceptable, you can be fined for this. Also, according to local laws, it is forbidden to appear on the beaches in open swimsuits. On the beaches of hotels, they turn a blind eye to a “frivolous” view, but on public ones, of which there are quite a lot, security guards can approach the violator of the law and ask to change clothes.

But Sharjah is a real museum and cultural treasure. None of the emirates of the UAE can be compared with it in terms of the number, variety and technical equipment of museums. Many of them are housed in fine modern buildings and lovingly restored forts. For such a respectful attitude to its historical traditions in 2014, Sharjah received the honorary title of the cultural capital of the Arab world.

The architecture of the emirate's capital Sharjah contrasts sharply with the architecture of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. It is closest to the traditional, Arabic. There are about 600 mosques in the city, and they continue to be built. The only mosque in Sharjah that is open to tourists is the Al Noor Mosque. But you can visit the Museum of Islamic Civilization on any day of the week except Friday. It has a rich collection of spiritual literature, Islamic art and crafts from the 17th-19th centuries. Women will be interested in admiring jewelry created in different eras, and men will be interested in seeing a wonderful collection of weapons. Curious tourists do not miss the Sharjah Archaeological Museum, where you can get acquainted with the history of the region, starting from the times when it was inhabited by primitive communities. No less interesting is the Art Museum with a delightful interior that can be called a work of art. The museum is one of the largest art galleries in the UAE and throughout the Middle East. Most of the art exhibition is the work of oriental artists of the XVIII century.

The Sharjah Al-Hish Fort is located in the historical part of the city. This restored fortification is a classic example of local architecture from the early 19th century.

In search of entertainment, head to Al Kasbah. This park is located in a pedestrian area near Khalid Lagoon. Here, as in the whole city, everything is very decent. In cozy cafes and restaurants, you can have an inexpensive bite to eat, sending the children to play on a completely safe playground, then ride a Ferris wheel, stroll along the embankment, and in the evening admire the show of singing fountains.

It is pleasant to make purchases at the famous Blue Market. It sells beautiful handmade Iranian silk carpets, original copper, silver and gold products, clothes, perfumes and, of course, all kinds of gadgets.

Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah

The northernmost emirate of the UAE is bordered by the picturesque Hajjar Mountains in the east and the coast of the Persian Gulf in the west. It also includes several islands in the bay. It lacks the luxuries that amaze in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but there are majestic mountains approaching the coast, lush vegetation, magnificent beaches, some of the best in the country, and thermal healing springs, around which the popular balneological resort of Hutt Springs is equipped.

The emirate is also famous for the fact that here is the highest mountain in the UAE - Jebel Jays. Its peak reaches a height of 1934 m, and a 20-kilometer serpentine road leads to it. Recently, the authorities of the emirate announced their intention to build a fashionable resort with a sports bias here.

Ras al-Khaimah is also a pioneer in the introduction of the All inclusive system, here more than half of the hotels already operate on it.

And there is also a unique water park "Ice Land", the pride of the emirate, where, in addition to tourists, residents from all over the country come together. In the style of the park, located in the capital of the emirate, the city of Ras al-Khaimah, there are fantasies on the theme of the Ice Age. Its talented design will really create the impression that you are in the Arctic Circle, and surrounded by figurines of penguins, seals, polar bears, you will enjoy spending time having fun on water attractions. Entrance to the water park - 175 dirhams for an adult, 110 dirhams - for a child.

In the Old City of the capital of the emirate, it is interesting to look at the noisy market, see the old mosque, take a walk along the fishing pier. Its main historical attraction is Al-Khisi Fort, where the residence of the emirs from the Al-Qasimi dynasty was located. Today it houses the National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah.

The main historical monuments of the emirate are located outside the capital. 18 km from its center is al-Jazira al-Hamra - an abandoned village, which is often called the "ghost town". This is a unique corner of the UAE, because the ancient settlement, founded in the 4th century, was not restored and seemed to be frozen in time. Here you can see the fortress, market, mosques, houses, many of which are built of coral stone.

Not far from the capital is the Old Fort, or Dayah Fort. This fortress, built in the 16th century of unbaked brick, rises on top of a hill and faces the bay. For centuries, it has protected the region from attacks from the sea. From the hill, a delightful panorama of the surroundings of the emirate opens.

To the north of the capital, near the Hajjar Mountains, there is an area that is the most important archaeological site in the UAE. Here, near the village of Shamal Jalfar, archaeologists have discovered several hundred tombs of the pre-Islamic period and settlements dating back to 2000-1300. BC e.

Emirate of Fujairah

The Emirate of Fujairah is located in the very east of the UAE, and its coast is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Oman. Almost all of its territory, except for the coast, is occupied by mountains interspersed with picturesque valleys. The climate here is quite mild, a refreshing breeze blows on the coast, and in winter there are even heavy rains.

Fujairah is called the most beautiful emirate of the UAE. Its beaches with secluded coves are incredibly alluring, while the coral reefs off the coast and the clear sea attract diving enthusiasts. Luxurious beach resorts are away from the hustle and bustle of the city. They are popular among those tourists who prefer peace and solitude to noisy rest.

In the emirate's capital, Fujairah, there are no grandiose skyscrapers, but its wide streets with beautiful modern buildings, fountains, sculptural compositions in the form of falcons, traditional coffee pots, cups, incense burners are very beautiful and elegant.

It is in this emirate that the oldest mosque in the UAE, Al-Bidiya, built in the middle of the 16th century, is located. This mosque has no minarets and is quite modest. Its main value is spiritual.

Another historical attraction of the emirate is the Al-Batna fortress, which is located in the city of Siji. This fort, built in 1735, guarded the caravan routes for many years.

Directly in the capital there is a historical fort and a museum, where a large composition of archaeological and ethnographic rarities is presented.

Emirate of Umm el Quwain

The miniature emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain is located in the northeast of the UAE. It extends 50 km from the coast, where its capital, Umm al-Qaiwain, is located.

A measured life flows here, and there are no large shopping centers, public transport, and there are not even a dozen hotels here. However, this provincial emirate is very curious. It is called an eco-emirate, as many corners with virgin nature have been preserved here.

Not far from its coast there are islands where migratory birds have chosen a place to rest, graceful flamingos stand out among them. The largest among the islands is Al-Sinnia. You can meet gazelles on it, and reef sharks swim in the coastal waters.

The emirate is also famous for its Marine research center. The entrance for tourists is open here, in its aquarium they can observe the life of the inhabitants of the Persian Gulf.

Umm al-Qaiwain also has historical sights. Near the coast, archaeologists find artifacts dating back to the 5th century BC. e. In the neighboring village of Al-Dur, which is believed to have existed already in the III millennium, tombs, an ancient fort and a temple have been preserved. The archaeological finds of Al-Dur can be seen in the historical museum of Umm al-Qaiwain, located in the Old City of the capital in the restored premises of the ancient fort.

The largest water park in the UAE is also located in the capital of the emirate - Dreamland Aqua Park with a huge number of water attractions.

Fans of fish restaurants should definitely check out Wadi Al Neel Seafood Restaurant. Excellent dishes are prepared here from sea bass, flounder, king mackerel, shrimp, crabs, which is not surprising, because Umm al-Qaiwain is one of the largest fishing centers in the UAE, and it is from here that many species of the inhabitants of the underwater world are supplied to other emirates.

Emirate of Ajman

The smallest emirate of the UAE is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf on a strip of 16 km, between Umm al-Qaiwain and Sharjah. It is this snow-white, like flour, sandy strip that is one of the few objects of interest to tourists. The authorities of the emirate, dreaming of a large flow of guests, are developing various attractive projects, but so far only one of them has brought some results. We are talking about the local store "Hole in The Wall" ("A hole in the wall"), where you can buy any foreign-made alcoholic drink without restrictions. Tourists and guest workers from other emirates often come here, not paying attention to the law that prohibits the export of alcohol from Ajman.

Active recreation

The Arabian desert of Rub al-Khali is a wonderful place for a jeep safari, the opportunity for such a trip will be provided to you in any emirate of the country. The best places for mountain safari are located in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, whose significant territory is occupied by the Hajjar Mountains.

Fans of air adventures should head to the emirate of Umm Al Quwain, where the famous flying club in the UAE is located. Here you can go skydiving, paragliding, parachuting and even take piloting lessons.

A great place for divers is Fujairah, where the best dive sites are located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. The local area is also popular with fishing enthusiasts.

Clothing, perfumes and electronics are best purchased in large shopping malls. In hotels, this is not worth doing, as the purchase will cost you much more. It is also better to buy gold and silver items in a shopping center so as not to be the owner of a fake.

Original souvenirs can be found in numerous oriental bazaars. There is an excellent assortment, and there is an opportunity to bargain, reducing the price by 15-20%. It is interesting to buy traditional Arabic utensils for making coffee - pretty copper coffee pots and cezves. Among those who like to decorate the interior, transparent vessels filled with sand of different colors, and camel figurines made of stone, wood, and gray are popular. Here you can find beautiful jewelry from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan and handmade woven products.

National cuisine

The cuisine of the UAE differs little from the cuisine of other countries in the Middle East. It uses spices everywhere, and there are no pork dishes. But other meat dishes are perfectly cooked here. Absolutely incomparable lamb with raisins, chicken with honey, steamed, juicy shawarma, biryani (meat or fish with rice). Fish is cooked here very tasty, and the cost of fish dishes is quite affordable. But seafood does not have an interesting taste, usually they are simply boiled.

Street food in Dubai

The UAE has excellent sweet delicacies: Turkish delight, halva, pies with raisins and sweet cheese, an indispensable attribute of dessert - dates, which are simply magnificent here. The national drink is considered coffee, which the Arabs prepare in copper Turks and drink only freshly brewed.

United Arab Emirates Hotels

There are hotels of various categories in the UAE. In famous luxury hotels such as the Emirates Palace or the Burj Khalifa, which in 1999 awarded itself a 7-star rating, the marble floors of royally luxurious rooms are covered with handmade carpets, coffee is served on silver trays strewn with rose petals, and on the beaches there will always be someone from the hotel staff ready to rush to you at any moment to wipe your sunglasses or serve a refreshing drink. A night spent in a standard room of one of these hotels will cost you at least $750.

However, in the United Arab Emirates, not only such hotels can boast of their service, as the level of the entire hotel infrastructure is very high here. Hotels can be divided into three groups:

• located on the coast and having their own beach;
• located near the coastline, but not having a beach, which provide their guests with the right to use the beaches of coastal hotels (for a fee or free of charge) and provide a transfer;
• city ​​hotels, which in some cases have their own “branch” in the form of a bungalow on the coast, delivering tourists there by minibuses, or provide a transfer to public beaches.

Rest in a five-star UAE hotel with a private beach costs at least $200 per day, in a four-star hotel - at least $100, in a three-star one - from $80. Prices fluctuate depending on the season.

Transport

Public transport in the UAE is rather poorly developed - it is usually used by visiting employees, so it is recommended to travel around the cities by taxi or rented car. Taxis in the UAE are the main mode of transportation for tourists, so many taxi drivers speak English. All taxis are equipped with taximeters; they are easy to recognize by special identification marks. There is a women's taxi here, these cars are painted pink and driven by women.

Dubai has the only subway in the country, consisting of two lines. The cost of the trip depends on the distance and type of carriage. One trip in an ordinary carriage will cost a maximum of 7.5 dirhams (about $ 2).

You can rent a car in the United Arab Emirates with or without a driver. Driving requires an international driver's license (driver's license of the CIS countries in the UAE is not valid) and insurance. Driver must be over 21 years of age.

Violators of traffic rules are very severely punished in the UAE. A fine of $800 will be required for running a red light, $150 for not using seat belts, deportation from the country or imprisonment for drunk driving, and $10,000 for damaging state property. The speed limit within the city is 60 km/h, on motorways – 100 km/h. Almost all parking lots are paid, except for the time from 13:00 to 16:00. The quality of the roads in the UAE is excellent, but the locals, especially the wealthy youth, are extremely boorish on the roads.

Connection

Mobile communications in the UAE are provided by Etisalat and Du operators. To purchase a SIM card, you must present your passport. Etisalat has developed the Ahlan tariff plan, which is suitable for a short stay in the country. The cost of a call abroad is about $0.7, the cost of SMS is $0.25. You can get access to the worldwide network by using the services of Internet cafes or Wi-Fi in many cafes, restaurants and hotels in the UAE.

Security

The UAE is the safest Muslim country in the world. Crime is practically absent, you can walk at any time of the day, but in the evening and at night it is recommended to bypass the areas where the settlements of visiting hired workers are located.

For thrown garbage or crossing the road in the wrong place, they will require a fine of $ 135, and for foul language they will be taken into custody.

There are many strong coastal currents in the Persian Gulf, so you should always soberly assess your strength and not let your children go into the water alone. Scuba diving is best done under the supervision of a local instructor who is well acquainted with the characteristic features of the area.

Business

The transformation of the UAE into the most important financial and commercial center in the Middle East is one of the main goals of the government. To achieve it, a number of free economic zones have been created, the banking and transport infrastructure is constantly developing, taxes are eased (corporate, income, VAT, from the payroll fund), the currency (UAE dirham) is freely convertible, the free movement of capital is guaranteed, etc.

All the best hotels are equipped with superb state-of-the-art conference rooms suitable for both inter-corporate negotiations and for organizing major international symposiums and congresses. Every year, business centers in Dubai and Abu Dhabi hold business seminars and exhibitions of products of world-famous companies.

The property

Foreign citizens have the right to purchase real estate in the UAE - this is even welcome. Since 2006, foreigners have received the right to purchase land plots for new facilities, the rest can be taken on a long-term lease. The cost of 1 m² of housing ranges from $2,000 to $6,000. From residential real estate, mainly new buildings come to the market, the secondary housing market is not developed.

Residential buildings in the UAE are always built at an accelerated pace and most often with the use of low-paid labor, so even the so-called "elite" complexes in fact offer poor quality housing. Dense buildings, especially on the “palm trees” in the coastal waters of Dubai, lead to the absence of picturesque views from the window, and one can only dream of peace and tranquility here.

As a commercial real estate, Russian citizens are most interested in the premises of offices, shops, hotels and restaurants. The average cost of 1 m² of an office is $1,700, and that of a hotel is about $7,000.

Muslim traditions are strictly observed in the UAE, so there are a number of prohibitions that apply to tourists as well.

So, you can not appear in beachwear outside the beaches and pools, and sunbathing without a swimsuit or its upper part is strictly prohibited. Women are only allowed to sit in the back seat of the car and in no case should they get into the car without a taxi badge (you may be mistaken for a woman of easy virtue). It is forbidden to be in public places in a state of intoxication. You can not kiss and hug, show obscene gestures. Gambling and unmarried sexual relations are prohibited. You can’t talk to local women on the street, so you can only take pictures of men, after asking their permission. In the United Arab Emirates, there is also a strict ban on photographing the palaces of sheikhs, military installations, banks and government institutions.

man reading the quran

Money, food and things are taken only with the right hand. While visiting the locals, do not give up a few cups of coffee. When shaking hands, do not look into the eyes of the interlocutor.

Customs restrictions, in addition to the standard importation of weapons, pornography and drugs, apply to a number of medicines, so it is best to get a prescription with a Latin name and dosage for the necessary medicines.

When traveling to the UAE during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, remember that many establishments, including shops and restaurants, may change their opening hours. During the day, there are practically no places where you can dine, since at this time a strict fast is observed between dawn and sunset. Even tourists are condemned here and can officially complain to the police if they eat, drink, smoke or dress obscenely - from the point of view of the local population.

Abu Dhabi is the largest and richest emirate among all the others that are part of the UAE. The capital of the state, the city of Abu Dhabi (part of the emirate of the same name), is notable for being rightfully considered one of the few city-parks today. The main part of the funds donated to the country by oil was aimed at improving the infrastructure of this city and turning it into a comfortable and unique resort in the UAE. The capital covers an area of ​​67 thousand square meters. km, while literally every meter is filled with luxury.

Abundance of greenery in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi includes several dozen islands off the coast of the Arabian Peninsula. A small town called Al Ain is located in the eastern part of the capital. It is famous for its beautiful and rich greenery. There are many parks here, as well as farms and artesian wells. The most amazing places are Mount Hafeet, Al Ain Zoo and Museum, Ain Fayyad Park and Al Haili (amusement park).

Everyone who comes to the UAE, the capital of the country strikes with an abundance of greenery. Lines of planting, hiding the arid soil, border the embankment, as well as the main road to the city. Eucalyptus and palm trees grow here. The city itself has a variety of grassy lawns and ornamental shrubs. Abu Dhabi in the evening can please the beautiful play of jets in the fountains along the waterfront. They have wonderful names: "Flying Swans", "Dalla" and "Pearls".

City climate

Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, is separated from the mainland by a strait. In the capital, the temperature is several degrees lower than outside the city. Among the reasons for this is the large amount of vegetation that the city of Abu Dhabi boasts today.

Speaking about the climate, it should be classified as subtropical. In summer, there is a lot of humidity, which makes it very difficult to endure the heat, especially for tourists. For this reason, the season for a comfortable and relaxing holiday can be called the time from October to May. Precipitation is very rare, in winter it rains only occasionally. According to statistics, on average, about 13 mm of precipitation falls in this city per year. This can be compared with three or four rainy days in European countries.

Population, ethnic composition

About a million people make up the population of the emirate of Abu Dhabi (UAE). The capital is the place where half of them live. By nationality, the locals are Arabs, but they make up only a small part of the total population of Abu Dhabi. Among the various foreign communities, most of all are Hindus, as well as Pakistanis and British. Baniyaz is the dominant tribe.

Hotels, beaches and restaurants

Below is the capital of the UAE on the map (marked with an asterisk).

The geographical position of this city made it possible to build hotels right on the seashore, which is not at all typical for Sharjah and Dubai. The capital combines in its appearance the traditions of the East with urban landscapes. It occupies a leading position in the country among other holiday centers (along with Dubai).

The capital is especially famous for its beautiful beaches, washed by the sparkling azure waters of the Persian Gulf. In addition, here you will find numerous restaurants, nightclubs, everything you need for practicing various sports and many other entertainments.

Tourists from Europe may be surprised to find that alcoholic beverages are prohibited in restaurants located in the city. Note that the United Arab Emirates is a country in which prohibition is in force. Therefore, it must be taken into account that only hotel establishments can sell alcohol. However, if prohibition does not bother you, then we advise you to immerse yourself in local life and visit the most popular places in the capital.

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) is a truly amazing place that is transforming before our eyes. However, he still retains a connection with the past. Today, the sights of this emirate, which is part of the UAE, are known to the whole world. The map below shows some of the ones discussed in this article.

Korish street

Corish Street stretches through the majestic and well-groomed eight-kilometer district of Abu Dhabi. This area is located near the sea. There is a playground here, as well as special paths for cyclists and pedestrians, many cozy restaurants and cafes, a park-beach with lifeguards. This beach is full of visitors during the weekend, so it's quite difficult to find a free umbrella here. It should be noted that it is forbidden to swim very far - floating barriers are already located at a distance of 40 meters. This embankment deservedly received the Blue Flag - a sign for marinas and beaches, known throughout the world. He guarantees their purity, as well as the safety of local water for bathing.

If you are planning to explore the Corniche from start to finish, you can rent a bike. At a special station located along this street, you can rent various types of them: mountain, urban, for 3 or 2 passengers, special women with abaya.

Ferrari Park

Fans of drive and speed can be advised to visit Ferrari World, also located in Abu Dhabi. This park is the first Ferrari entertainment center in the world. Here everyone can learn the history of this car brand, test all the amusing and educational attractions (there are more than 20 of them here). You can also carry out interactive shopping, enjoy Italian cuisine.

Ferrari Park is located under the red roof. There is also the "Ferrari Gallery", which is the largest outside Maranello, where you can see an interactive exhibition of cars produced from 1947 to the present. The Ross Formula is also very interesting. This is an American race, which is the fastest in the world. The speed on the attraction reaches 240 km/h.

Al Husn

Al-Husn Palace is one of the most important historical sights. The architectural complex surrounded by skyscrapers today houses the Center for Documentation and Research, as well as a historical museum.

sheikh zayed mosque

The Sheikh Zayed Mosque in the eyes of uninitiated tourists is the main showcase of the wealth of Abu Dhabi. It seems to serve as an illustration for the famous "Tales of 1000 and One Nights". All guidebooks vied with each other about the transcendent luxury of this mosque. In size, this wonderful building is supposedly equal to five football fields, and its walls are inlaid with gems and gold. Any local schoolboy, meanwhile, will confirm that this is not a showcase at all, but a monument to Sheikh Zayd. In the Emirates, it's like Lenin in the USSR - the founding father, the beloved "grandfather". It was he who came up with the brilliant idea to unite the poor Bedouin principalities into one country. Thus, the history of the UAE would not have begun if this man had not been born. For 40 years, while he ruled, the places he united became a paradise on earth, and local camel drivers turned into the main rich people of our planet.

The subjects began to perpetuate the name of their beloved sheikh during his lifetime. They named stadiums and infrastructure facilities after him. However, it was the mosque that was originally conceived as the most grandiose of the dedications to the lord. Its construction was carried out on an unprecedented scale. The whole world built a mosque. Marble was brought from China and Italy, carpets from Iran, chandeliers from Germany and Austria, engineers arrived here from the USA. This is how a giant snow-white mosque appeared, which immediately became the main one in the UAE, as well as the most luxurious of all mosques in the Muslim world. She owns at least 2 world achievements. It is here that the carpet is located, which is the largest in the world (its area is 5.6 sq. Km), as well as the largest chandelier, the diameter of which is 10 m.

white fort

White, or Old Fort is the former residence of the local ruler. In addition, this is the only stone building in the city older than 50 years. The fort used to be "white" only in name. As a result of the repair carried out in 1976-1983, he really received a white color. The building, originally built in 1761, was a round watch tower designed to protect the source of fresh drinking water. Then it grew and turned into a small fort, which later became the residence of the sheikh. The fortress was rebuilt and expanded in the late 1930s. It opened to visitors in 2007.

skyscrapers

Some skyscrapers are so unusual that they attract the attention of visitors to the city even more than historical sites and museums. For example, the Al Bahar skyscrapers combine modern construction with the Arabic traditional mashrabiya style. And Capital Gate, a leaning tower, is one of the most photographed objects in the capital.

It was not easy for Abu Dhabi to build these "Capital Gates" (as the name of this skyscraper is translated from English). The building has a record slope of 18 degrees. This, I must say, is 4 times more than the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. The unique geometric shape also required exclusive engineering solutions as well as unique materials. The city, however, really wanted to have a "leaning tower" that would end up in the Guinness Book of Records. And this wish came true.

Eastern Mangrove Lagoon

In addition to small green parks, the city also has a national reserve called the Eastern Mangrove Lagoon. Kayaking, an environmentally friendly means of transportation, tours the mangroves. The fact is that the local authorities, protecting the natural wealth, forbade walking on scooters and motor boats. You can see flamingos, herons, crabs, rays, octopuses and other fauna during this walk. Little foxes live here on tiny islands.

ethnographic village

Arriving in the capital, do not forget to also visit the museum-park called "Ethnographic Village". Here are the real houses of the Arabs of past centuries, as well as the workshops of a weaver, blacksmith, potter and glass blower. An oriental dagger will be forged in front of your eyes, an earthenware jug will be made, and weaving art will be demonstrated.

The capital of the UAE will please you with this and many other things. The description of it can be continued for quite a long time. We have marked the main attractions that we hope will interest you. Of course, the capital of the UAE is far from the only city that will please you with the Emirates. Dubai, for example, is also an equally beautiful city.

National flag of the UAE.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a state in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The area of ​​the UAE is 83.6 thousand sq. km; population 4.4 million people. In the Emirates, there are twice as many men as women, the city dwellers make up 76% of the country's population. The UAE is a federal state that emerged in 1971 as a result of the unification of six Arab principalities: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain and Al-Fujairah. In 1972, the principality of Ras al-Khaimah joined them. The largest emirate - Abu Dhabi - occupies 85% of the territory, one third of the population of the UAE lives here. The capital of the UAE is the city of Abu Dhabi. Dubai is considered to be the trade and tourist capital of the emirates.

UAE. Panorama of Abu Dhabi.

UAE. Center of Dubai.

The Emirates occupy a crescent-shaped strip of deserts with oases stretching mainly along the coast of the shallow Persian Gulf, as well as the deep Gulf of Oman of the Indian Ocean. Low-lying plains predominate, in the east - the spurs of the Hajar mountains (1127 m), in the west - rocky deserts. In the south, in the desert, the UAE borders on Saudi Arabia, in the west - on the Emirate of Qatar, in the east, the extreme ledge of land near the Strait of Hormuz (Muscat) occupies the enclave of Oman.

All emirates are absolute monarchies, only in Abu Dhabi there are advisory bodies - the Cabinet and the National Advisory Council, which brings this emirate closer to a constitutional monarchy. Each emirate has its own government and administrative bodies. The rulers of the emirates make up the legislative body - the Supreme Council, which elects the president and vice-president of the federation for a period of two years. The president appoints the prime minister and members of the cabinet. The Federal Council of Ministers, headed by the President, is accountable to the Supreme Council. The Federal National Council consists of 40 representatives from each emirate and is an advisory body. Since the founding of the UAE in 1971, the head of state has been Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who has ruled Abu Dhabi since 1966. His deputy in the Supreme Council of the seven Emirates sheikhs is the ruler of Dubai.

The basis of the country's economy is the export-oriented oil and gas industry. The oil refining, petrochemical, metallurgical (aluminum smelting), and cement industries are developing. The traditional occupations of the population are fishing, pearling, handicrafts (making carpets, woolen fabrics, chasing gold and silver items), oasis agriculture (date palms, orchards, cereals, mainly in Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Qaywaine) and nomadic animal husbandry (in most of the territory). The Emirate of Abu Dhabi plays a leading role in the development of the UAE economy. Trade and financial center of the UAE - Dubai. Seaports: Jebel Ali (Dubai), Rashid (Dubai), Zeid (Abu Dhabi), Mina Khaled (Sharjah). International airports: Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Al Fujairah. The monetary unit is the federal dirham (since May 1973).

natural conditions

The location of the country in tropical latitudes determines its climate. The average monthly temperatures here range from +18 °C; sometimes dropping to +10 °C, in winter up to +35 °C, sometimes rising to +48 °C in summer. The arid subtropical climate provides blue clear skies all year round. In the east, in Fujairah, summers are somewhat cooler and more humid due to the proximity of the ocean and mountains. Precipitation is about 100 mm per year, in the mountains - 300-400 mm per year.

UAE. Emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain. Giant sea turtles in the aquarium.

There are no permanent rivers. Temporary streams flow through the valleys, most of the year they are dry channels - wadis. Significant areas are occupied by salt marshes and sandy deserts, the vegetation here is mostly sparse, consisting of dry herbs and shrubs. Acacia, tamarisk grow in oases, date and coconut palms, grapes, lemon trees, cereals, and tobacco are cultivated. The country is located in the atmospheric tropical maximum zone, so you can not be afraid of the impact of climate on blood pressure, but it is desirable to have healthy kidneys.

UAE. Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. View of the El Khattr oasis.

In addition to the large oases of the coast - Abu Dhabi, Dubai-Rashid-Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah, El-Fujairah, as well as stretching away from it - Qatar Et-Tarifa, Ez-Zanna, there are also oases located inland, among which Buraimi is the most significant. Very beautiful ocean coast in Fujairah. The most picturesque are the rocky outskirts of the Hatta fortress, a two-hour drive from Dubai, the Al Ain oasis and the Healy oasis near Buraimi. In the UAE, migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia find shelter in winter, and the paths of those who fly further also pass through these places.

Story

In the 7th century, the southern coast of the Persian Gulf became part of the Arab Caliphate, which spread Islam among the locals. During this period, the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, El Fujairah arose. As the central authority in the Caliphate weakened, local tribal leaders - sheikhs increasingly felt themselves to be independent rulers. In the 10th-11th centuries, Eastern Arabia was part of the Karmatian state, and after its collapse fell under the influence of Oman.

UAE. Archaeological excavations.

Europeans rushed to the Persian Gulf at the end of the 15th century. The Portuguese were the first to gain a foothold here, having conquered Hormuz, Bahrain and Julfar (the modern emirate of Ras al-Khaimah). Since the 18th century, the population of the coastal Arab principalities, which was mainly engaged in coastal trade, has been drawn into the struggle with the English East India Company, whose ships monopolized cargo flows between the ports of the Persian Gulf and deprived the inhabitants of the main source of livelihood. This led to ongoing conflicts between the East India Company and the local Arab population, which the British called pirates, and the region of the principalities - "Pirate Coast".

The East India Company constantly sent military expeditions to the Persian Gulf, and in 1820 forced the emirs and sheikhs of seven Arab principalities to sign the "General Treaty", which marked the beginning of English domination in this territory and the final division of Oman into three parts - the Imamate of Oman, the Sultanate of Muscat and "Pirate Coast". Since 1853, these principalities have been called Oman Trucial

British military bases were established on the territory of the principalities (in particular, on the territory of the principality of Sharjah). Political power was exercised by an English political agent. The establishment of the English protectorate did not lead to the destruction of the patriarchal system. The locals continued to hold on to ancient traditions. They could not offer serious resistance to the colonialists, due to their small number and constant civil strife between different clans. The dominant tribe in these territories was and is the Bani-yaz tribe, which originally inhabited the fertile oases of Liwa and Al Ain (the current emirate of Abu Dhabi). In 1833, one of the tribes of the Bani-yaz - the clan of Maktums - migrated from the oases and settled in Dubai, declaring the independence of the city. This is how the Maktoum dynasty was founded, which rules the emirate of Dubai.

In the early 1920s, cities in Trucial Oman developed a struggle for independence, reaching a particular scale in Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah. At the same time, the richest oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf. In 1922, the British established control over the right of sheikhs to grant concessions for oil exploration and production. However, there was no oil production in Trucial Oman, and the main income for the principalities was brought by the trade in "fish eye" - pearls. With the start of oil production in the 1950s, foreign investment began to flow into the region, and income from the oil trade made it possible to significantly raise the standard of living of the local population. But the principalities remained under the British protectorate, which was opposed in 1964 by the League of Arab States, which declared the right of the Arab peoples to full independence.

In 1968, after the publication of the decision of the Labor government of Great Britain on its intention to withdraw British troops from the areas located east of Suez, including the Persian Gulf, by the end of 1971, the principalities signed an agreement on the formation of a federation of Arab principalities of the Persian Gulf. This federation was supposed to include Bahrain and Qatar, but later they formed independent states. On December 2, 1971, six of the seven emirates of Trucial Oman announced the creation of the federation of the United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined in 1972.

The granting of independence coincided with the rapid rise in prices for oil and oil products, which made it easier for the new state to take independent steps in the field of economy and foreign policy. Thanks to petrodollars and successful investment in the development of industry, agriculture, the formation of numerous free economic zones, the UAE was able to achieve economic prosperity in the shortest possible time. The ancient history of the emirates is reflected in numerous archeological monuments in the UAE. So, the ancient caravan stop in Buraimi brought surprises - archaeological finds in the Khili oasis, numbering 5 millennia.

UAE. In an old fortress.

In each of the capitals of the emirates there are palaces of rulers, old fortresses. Buildings have special "wind towers" for ventilation. For example, in Dubai - the main economic center of the country, they have the ancient palace of Sheikh Saed, the grandfather of the current ruler. The old Al Fahidi Fort, built in the last century, houses the Dubai Museum. It contains a rich exposition of the emirate's past. The former palace-fortress of the emir in Al-Fujairah has not yet been reconstructed. There are many monuments of modern Arab architecture in the Emirates (the Jumeirah Mosque in Dubai). Ajman is one of the few, if not the only place where ancient Arab sailboats are still being made, on which Sinbad the Sailor sailed.

Tourism

Sharjah. Mosque.

UAE. First prayer at the Sheikh Khalifa Mosque.

The beaches in the emirates are one of the most popular places among Russian tourists. The sun warms up the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf well. Almost all the best hotels are located near the sea and have their own beaches. You can also pay attention to the land side: go on a safari to the desert, rush by car along the dunes or sandy wadis, ride a sand surfboard from the crest of a dune, watch camel races, and finally, sit near a fire in an oasis, watching traditional Arabic dances and listening to their songs. Every week in the largest cities there are traditional horse races - the "sport of kings", the most popular here. You can sign up for a golf club or go explore some mountain stronghold. In the area of ​​​​the ancient fortress of Hatta, above the wadi, a modern mountain resort is equipped, the only one in the UAE. Returning to the sea, you can ride a yacht, fish or go to watch competitions in traditional sports that came here from Europe.

UAE. On the waterfront of Abu Dhabi.

The largest cities of the UAE - Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah - are located on the sea and are resorts. Noteworthy is the only "ocean" city - Al Fujairah. The only inner city-oasis of Al Ain is not so much a resort as a place that attracts tourists with oriental exoticism. The extraordinary cleanliness of the cities is striking. It reigns in living quarters and trading floors; motorways are cleared of shoveled sand; in the parks, a hose is connected to each tree.

UAE. Shopping arcade in Sharjah.

Shopping centers (the largest in Dubai) and more expensive shops with helpful sellers attract a lot of tourists' attention. Carpet bazaars are especially popular, the best place is souk al-jumaa (“Friday market”) on the border of Sharjah and Fujairah. Gold Souk in Deira (in Dubai) is the world's leading retailer of gold products and stones: there are no restrictions on import and export.

United Arab Emirates.

The name of the state is due to the name of the administrative-territorial units that form the federation.

Capital of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi.

United Arab Emirates Square. According to various calculations, the territory of the state occupies 77,830 km2 and 83,600 km2 (this is due to the fact that some sections of the borders passing along are not exactly marked).

Population of the United Arab Emirates. 2407 thousand people

Location of the United Arab Emirates. The UAE is a state in the West, in the southeast. In the north it is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, in the east it borders on the sultanate, in the south - with, and in the west - with. Most of the country is a barren but oil-bearing desert.

Administrative divisions of the United Arab Emirates. The federation of the Arab Emirates includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Al-Fujairah, which used to be small settlements on the coast of the Persian Gulf.

Form of government of the United Arab Emirates. Federation of 7 subjects with a monarchical form of government.

Head of State of the UAE. President elected for a term of 5 years.

Supreme body of state power of the United Arab Emirates. Supreme Council of Emirs.

The supreme deliberative body of the United Arab Emirates. Federal National Council.

Supreme executive body of the United Arab Emirates. Council of Ministers.

Major cities in the United Arab Emirates. Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah and Al Fujairah.

State language of the United Arab Emirates. Arab.

Religion of the United Arab Emirates. The majority of the population professes.

Ethnic composition of the United Arab Emirates. 90% are Arabs, 6% are Indians.

Currency of the United Arab Emirates. Dirham = 100 fils.

and lakes of the United Arab Emirates. There are no permanent rivers.

Attractions of the United Arab Emirates. Art Nouveau architecture, exhibition, Kornichi shipyard, famous oriental bazaars, duty-free shops. The ancient history of the emirates is reflected in numerous archeological monuments. In each of the capitals of the emirates there are palaces of rulers, old fortresses. Tourists are attracted by the ocean coast, it is especially beautiful in Fujairah.

Useful information for tourists

Women's clothing should be spacious, men are greeted with a slight bow, without shaking hands. Married women should not be taken by the arm.

It is not customary to enter the house of an Arab with shoes on. If the owner walks ahead of you and enters in shoes himself, then this prohibition is lifted.

Arabs remember grievances for a long time. Revenge is elevated to the rank of art. Revenge may follow in a few decades.

Food and drink should be given and taken with the right hand. If there are no forks, then you should rinse your right hand with water and take food with a pinch.

You can not pass in front of the worshipers. During Ramadan, never eat, drink, smoke or chew gum on the streets or in public places before sunset. Ramadan is the month of Muslim fasting, and disrespect for traditions can lead to a fine and even imprisonment.

In a Muslim country, it is necessary to establish mutual understanding with a partner. The meeting begins with a handshake, but at the same time it is necessary to look the partner in the eyes. During the greeting, you can not hold a cigarette in your other hand or a hand in your pocket. The conversation begins with questions about well-being, about the health of family members. The citizens of this country are not in a hurry, they do not like to take risks. Entrepreneurs are fluent in English, business documentation is drawn up in the same language.

Details Category: Countries of Western Asia Posted on 02.12.2013 16:51 Views: 4255

Emirate- This is a small state, which is an absolute monarchy. Emirates (there are 7 in total) are united in the federal state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Emirates within the UAE: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Qaiwain, Al Fujairah and Sharjah. The largest emirate is Abu Dhabi with the capital of the same name. The President of the UAE is the emir (the title of the ruler, prince, and also the person bearing this title in general. Used in the meaning of the leader of Muslims in general) of the largest emirate of Abu Dhabi.
The UAE is bordered by Saudi Arabia and Oman. It is washed by the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs.

State symbols

Flag- adopted on December 2, 1971. Made in pan-Arab colors: red, green, white and black, symbolizing overall Arab unity.

Coat of arms- an image of a yellow falcon, a symbol of autocracy in a country, most of which is desert. The tail unit symbolizes the seven emirates (seven feathers).
Until 2008, on the chest of a falcon in a red circle (a symbol of courage and independence in the struggle for freedom), a wooden schooner "dhow" smoothly glided over the blue sea waves - Arab pearl divers and warlike pirates went to sea on such ships.
Now instead of the “dow” on the chest of the falcon is a shield with the colors of the national flag of the UAE. The coat of arms was approved on March 22, 2008.

State structure of the UAE

Form of government- federal monarchy.
head of state- the president.
Head of the government- Prime Minister.
Capital- Abu Dhabi.
The largest city

Official language- Arabic. The country also uses English, Hindi, Urdu and Farsi, Tagalo.
State religion- Sunni Islam. Almost all citizens of the UAE are Muslims (85% Sunnis and 15% Shiites). There are churches in every emirate. In 2011, the first Orthodox church complex in the history of Christianity was built on the territory of the United Arab Emirates - St. Philip the Apostle in Sharjah.

Church of Saint Philip the Apostle

Territory- 83,600 km².
Population– 8 450 865 people Ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people - 11%. The rest are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and other South Asian countries and the Philippines who immigrated to the UAE as temporary workers. 85% of those living in the country are not citizens of the UAE. 88% of the population of the Emirates is concentrated in cities.
Currency- UAE dirham.
Climate- very hot and dry (tropical desert). Frequent sandstorms. Despite the desert climate, which is difficult for flora, the largest flower park in the world is open in Dubai.
Education- Secular primary schools began to appear in the 50s. XX century., And then the Law on Free Education was introduced. The problem of education is a priority.
The law provides for compulsory secondary education for all citizens of the country. The secondary education system in the UAE includes: pre-schools for children from 4 to 6 years of age, primary schools (6 years of study), lower secondary schools (3 years of study) and high schools (3 years of study). Education is conducted both separate (religious schools) and joint (secular schools).

American University of Dubai

Vocational training is provided in commercial and agricultural schools, in training centers for the oil industry (the emirate of Abu Dhabi). Primary, secondary and higher education is free for all citizens of the UAE, regardless of the geographical location of the university chosen by the student (both in the UAE and abroad).
Vocational training is provided at commercial and agricultural schools, as well as at oil industry training centers in Abu Dhabi.
Higher education, both primary and secondary, is free for all citizens of the UAE. The first institution of higher education, the University of Al Ain, was opened in 1977.
Many citizens of the UAE receive higher education in the USA, Great Britain, and other Arab countries.
Economy- the basis of the UAE economy - re-export, trade, production and export of crude oil and gas. Oil fueled the rapid growth of the UAE economy in just a few decades.
Military establishment - Navy (including Marine Corps), Air Force and Air Defense, National Coast Guard.
The draft age is 18 for voluntary military service. Both men and women can serve in the army, there are no service obligations.

Formula -1 in the UAE

Sport- received a special impetus for development due to the influx of tourists. Tourists are attracted by yoga, oriental dances, golf, yacht clubs. The national sports of the UAE include camel racing, horse racing, desert safari, off-road racing.

Equestrian sport is popular throughout the Middle East - Arabian horses are known all over the world. Tennis and bowling are also popular. A ski resort is opened in the heart of Dubai - Ski Dubai.
But the most popular sport is football.
Administrative division- 7 emirates.

Nature

Most of the territory of the United Arab Emirates is occupied by the Rub al-Khali desert - one of the largest deserts in the world and the hottest desert.

Rub al Khali desert

There are salt deposits in the coastal regions of the United Arab Emirates.
The northern and eastern regions of the country are characterized by mountainous terrain.

Fauna

The Arabian leopard and ibex are found here, more often you can see camels and wild goats. During the spring and autumn migrations of birds flying from Central Asia and East Africa, one can observe their large concentrations in the north of the country.

Flora

The government is actively engaged in landscaping the country: even date palm groves are imported from municipal parks in the Buraimi oasis on the eastern border of the country.

Jumeirah Beach Park

This is an imitation of a picturesque oasis in the desert: more than ten hectares of well-groomed territory with hills and plains, lawns, palm trees and flower beds. There is also a beach area with sun loungers, umbrellas, changing rooms and showers, a play area, a stage for performances and concerts.

Al Mamzar Park

An artificial peninsula, almost entirely occupied by the Al-Mamzar beach park of the same name. Most of the beaches overlook the Persian Gulf. White fluffy sand, lagoons with turquoise water separated by breakwaters attract lovers of secluded relaxation. A huge and well-groomed park with walking paths adjoins the beaches.

Hatta mountain resort

The mountain resort of Hatta is located in the village of the same name with clean air, clear lakes and the Hajar mountains. In the center of Hatta stands the ancient fortress of Hatta Fort (now there is an ethnographic museum), which in the past protected the village.

Sir Bani Yas Island

exotic island. Its entire territory (87 km²) has been turned into a nature reserve, where llamas, giraffes, ostriches and gazelles live, moving freely around the island. Rare animals (Base antelope) are kept in fenced pens. Park specialists are engaged in breeding endangered species of animals and birds. Here you can see flamingos, huge sea turtles and dolphins.

Flower Square (Dubai)

In 2010, this square got into the Guinness Book of Records for a large number of flower baskets. Here are flowers from America, Europe, Asia. The large flower pyramid is impressive - a 12-meter miniature copy of the Eiffel Tower with a complex lighting system. An artificial water stream crosses the entire park.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the UAE

The list contains one object: cultural sites of Al Ain: Hafeet, Hili, Bidaa Bint al-Aziz and the oases of the area. A modern serpentine road has been laid to the top of the Jebel Hafeet mountain, where observation platforms are located at an altitude of over 1 km. At the foot of the mountain there are springs of mineral water.

Other sights of the United Arab Emirates

Burj Khalifa (Dubai)

Tallest building in the world (829.8 m). The construction of the building was completed in 2009. The architect is Adrian Smith (USA).
The building can accommodate up to 35,000 people at a time. It has 57 elevators and 8 escalators.
Outside, a system of fountains is installed, illuminated by 6600 lights and 50 colored spotlights, the fountain hits a height of 150 m, accompanied by world classical and modern Arabic music.

Dubai Fountain

There is an observation deck on the 124th floor.

View of Dubai from the observation deck

Ferrari World (Abu Dhabi)

Theme park on Yas Island in Abu Dhabi. This is the largest amusement park in the world. The park opened on November 4, 2010. The basis is the Ross Formula, the world's fastest roller coaster.

Palm Islands

An artificial archipelago that extends Dubai's coastline by 520 km. Created in the form of a palm tree: it consists of a trunk, a crown with 17 leaves, surrounding the crescent of the island.
The area of ​​the island is 5x5 km. The island is connected to the mainland by a 300-meter bridge. It is supposed to create an artificial reef to attract divers.

Ski Dubai

It is an indoor ski resort with an area of ​​22,500 m². An effective insulation system helps maintain temperatures of -1°C during the day and -6°C at night when the snow recovers. The resort has everything for skiing and recreation.

World Trade Center Dubai

Business complex in Dubai. The complex includes the original tower (built in 1978), eight exhibition halls, the Dubai International Exhibition Center and residential apartments.

Yas Vodny

Water park and amusement park. Located on Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, it opened in January 2013. It has many attractions, slides and entertainment for thrill seekers.

Dubai Autodrome

The autodrome positions itself as the main arena of national motorsport. It hosts international auto races, endurance races, etc., which attract pilots from all over the world.

Al Ain Zoo

In addition to many other animals, this zoo is home to a white lion, of which there are less than 200 left in the world.

Story

In the 7th century small sheikhdoms existed along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman, and they became part of the Arab Caliphate. It was then that the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, Fujairah arose. Gradually, the sheikhs received more and more autonomy. In the X-XI centuries. the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula came under the influence of Oman.
From the end of the XV century. Europeans appear in the region. Portugal was the first to gain a foothold here, establishing control over Bahrain and Julfar and over the Strait of Hormuz. Since the 18th century incessant conflicts begin between the East India Company and the local Arab population, which the British called pirates, and the region of the principalities - the "Pirate Coast".

Coastal landscape of the UAE

British dominance

In 1820, the East India Company forced the emirs and sheikhs of seven Arab principalities to sign the "General Treaty", which marked the beginning of English dominance in this territory and the final division of Oman into three parts: the Oman imamate, the Sultanate of Muscat and the "Pirate Coast".
English military bases were established on the territory of the principalities. The power here was exercised by an English political agent. But the locals continued to hold on to ancient traditions, although they could not offer serious resistance to the colonialists.
In 1833, the Maktum family from the Baniyaz tribe migrated from the oases and settled in Dubai, declaring the independence of the city. So the Maktoum dynasty was founded, which rules the emirate of Dubai to this day.
In the early 1920s The richest oil reserves were discovered in the Persian Gulf. The British established control over the right of sheikhs to grant concessions for exploration and production of oil. With the start of oil production in the 1950s, foreign investment began to flow into the region, income from the oil trade made it possible to raise the standard of living of the local population. But the principalities remained under the British protectorate. In 1964, the League of Arab States opposed this, declaring the right of the Arab peoples to complete independence. In 1968, the principalities signed an agreement on the formation of the Federation of Arab Principalities of the Persian Gulf. This federation was supposed to include Bahrain and Qatar, but later they formed independent states.

Independence

On December 2, 1971, six of the seven emirates of Trucial Oman announced the creation of a federation called the United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined in 1972.
Thanks to oil revenues and skillful investment in the development of industry, agriculture, the formation of numerous free economic zones, the Emirates were able to achieve relative economic prosperity in the shortest possible time. The sphere of tourism and finance has received significant development.
In 1990-1991 The troops of the United Arab Emirates took part in the liberation of Kuwait from the Iraqi expansion of Saddam Hussein.