Option 1

Part A

One correct answer:

1. The body of ciliates - shoes

a) covered with flagella b) covered with cilia

c) covered with mucus d) has a smooth shell

2. Hydra regeneration is

a) the process of asexual reproduction

b) budding

c) the process of restoring lost body parts

d) all answers are correct

a) white planaria

b) bull tapeworm

c) earthworm

d) human roundworm

a) human roundworm

b) bull tapeworm

c) liver fluke

d) earthworm

Part B

1.Perform a compliance test

Match the types of animals and the characteristic features of the types:

Type Intestinal: _________________________

Type Roundworms: ______________________________

Signs: 1. Radial symmetry of the body

2. Bilateral body symmetry

3. The body is formed by two layers of cells

4. The body is formed by three layers of cells

2.Complete the task

Put a "+" sign next to the correct statements, and a "-" sign next to the wrong ones.

A. The body of bivalve molluscs consists of a head, trunk and legs.

B. The lungs of gastropods are located in the mantle cavity.

B. Grape slug belongs to gastropods.

G. Euglena green does not have a flagellum.

Part C

Define the terms:

Regeneration is

The organ system is

The intermediate host is

Hermaphrodite is

Answers to tasks:

1 b; 2c; 3g; 4a;

Type Intestinal-1,3.

Type Roundworms -2.4.

2. A.-, B.+, C+, G-.

C. 1. For each correctly written definition 1 point

Option 2

7th grade

Part A

Choose one correct answer:

1. Pearls form in shells

a) gastropods b) bivalves

c) cephalopods d) all mollusks

2. Animal science is

a) botany b) zoology c) cytology d) biology

3. Animals as opposed to plants

a) feed on ready-made organic substances

b) produce organic substances from inorganic

c) eat

d) multiply

4. No animal cells

a) vacuoles

b) nuclei

c) cytoplasm

d) chromosomes

Part B

1. Match

infusoria slipper

euglena green

amoeba

radiolarians

A. cilia

B. pseudopodia (pseudopodia)

V.openwork skeleton

G. Flagellum

2. Match

1.Bone fish

2. Cartilaginous fish

3. Unicellular

4. Arachnids

A. Shark

B. Lamblia

V.Tarantula

G. Tuna

Part C

Give a detailed answer

1. Answers to tasks:

   A. For each correct answer 1 point

   1b; 2b; 3a; 4a

   B. For each correct answer 0.5 points

   1. 1A,2G,3B,4V

   2. 1G,2A,3B,4V

2. C. 4 points (full answer)

Test tasks for the course Animal Biology according to the program of Ponomareva I.N. for the textbook Biology Grade 7, edited by Konstantinov V.M.

Tests contain tasks with a choice of one correct answer from several; with the choice of several correct answers; free response tasks.

References:

collections of USE and GIA;

lesson developments in biology, ed. Pepelyaeva O. A.;

Download:

Preview:

7th grade. Test "Amphibians"

Part A. Choose one answer.

1. Important aromorphoses in the development of amphibians is the occurrence

1. Gills, lateral line, sense organs.
2. Lungs, two circles of blood circulation and five-fingered limbs.
3. Bare skin, striated muscles, three-chambered heart.
4. Division of blood into venous and arterial, cold-bloodedness.

1. Which of the bones of the skeleton is not included in the girdle of the upper limbs of the frog?

1. Active respiration of amphibians through the skin is possible because it

1. slimy and naked
2. naked but without mucus
3. scaly with mucus
4. covered with horny scales

1. There is blood in the left atrium of the frog

1. The final, enlarged section of the intestine is called

1. If nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, then in the kidneys

1. Absorption of decay products
2. Removal of solid metabolic products
3. Blood filtration and urine formation
4. Formation of solid and liquid metabolic products

1. A feature of the amphibian brain is

1. Lack of cerebral hemispheres
2. Poor development of the cerebellum
3. Absence of peripheral nerves
4. Absence of auditory center

1. Amphibians usually breed

1. On the coasts
2. Deep in the lakes
3. In small fresh waters
4. In fast flowing rivers

1. The most likely immediate ancestors of amphibians were

Part B. Select multiple answers.

1. What signs prove the relationship of amphibians and fish?

1. Development of offspring in the aquatic environment
2. The presence of five-fingered limbs
3. Embryo similarity
4. Skin respiration
5. Presence of the inner ear
6. The presence of gills in newts

1. Which of the following can be considered adaptations of amphibians to life on land?

1. external fertilization
2. Having a language
3. Ryzhachny limbs
4. Naked, slimy skin
5. cold-bloodedness
6. Breathing atmospheric air

1. Establish a correspondence between the structural features of the frog larva and the developmental stages for which these features are characteristic.

Preview:

I OPTION

Task number 1

1. Fish are of the following types:

A) chordateless; B) hemichordates; B) chordates;

1. Chord is:

A) the spinal cord, without bone or cartilage protective formations formed around it;

B) dense elastic rod;

C) an elastic tube in the canal of which the spinal cord is located;

1. Most fish belong to the class:

A) bony fish; B) cartilaginous fish; B) lancelets;

1. The swim bladder is:

A) all types of fish;

B) in all types of fish, except for cartilaginous ones;

C) in all types of fish, except for cartilaginous and some bone ones;

1. The lateral line organs are:

A) all fish B) in bony fish; B) in bony fish;

1. Trunk vertebrae have a body, an upper arch and:

A) the same lower arc;

B) the lower arc in the form of two transverse processes;

B) ribs

1. The organs of hearing in fish are on the right and left:

A) in the bones of the skull, its back part;

B) in gill covers;

B) in the gill arches;

1. The genital organs of bony fishes open outward:

A) an independent hole;

B) the urogenital opening in males and the genital opening in females;

B) anus

1. From the eggs of fish come out:

A) fry; B) larvae; C) formed small fish;

1. The heart of a fish is made up of:

A) 1 camera; B) 2 chambers; C) 3 chambers;

1. The number of brain regions in fish is:

A) 4; B) 3; AT 5; D) 6;

1. Fish body temperature:

A) constant, and does not depend on the temperature of the medium;

B) unstable, but does not depend on the temperature of the medium;

C) unstable and depends on the temperature of the medium;

1. The final digestion of food occurs in:

A) stomach B) small intestine; B) hindgut;

Task number 2

1. Fish see objects close by.
2. There are nerve endings in the lateral line organs.
3. In some fish, the notochord persists throughout life.
4. The spinal cord of fish is located in the spinal canal.
5. Only bony fish have gill covers.
6. Fish are dioecious animals.
7. Among the fish there are viviparous species.
8. The three-spined stickleback takes care of its offspring.
9. Male and female fish do not differ from each other.
10. All cartilaginous fish breathe with gills covered by gill covers.
11. In lungfish, the notochord persists throughout life.
12. A lungfish is a neoceratod.
13. Skeleton cartilaginous.
14. Most of the fish are caught in the rivers.
15. Sprat and saury are often caught using the light of electric lamps.
16. In fish farms, the smallest are spawning ponds.

Preview:

TEST "REPELLANTS"

From the information provided for each question, select those letters (with coordinates) after which the correct answers are given.

1. Compared to amphibians, reptiles:

1. Less numerous and common class of vertebrates; 5g
2. A more numerous and widespread class of vertebrates; 7c
3. There are no special differences in the number of species and the breadth of distribution; 6c

1. Snakes have eyelids:

1. grow together, become transparent; 6b
2. Fuse, but not in all species; 8g
3. They coalesce in everyone, but not everyone becomes transparent; 4b

1. The neck of reptiles:

1. Is absent; 9g
2. Available; 6g
3. Some species have, others have; 10d

1. The blood of reptiles flows through the body:

1. One circle of blood circulation; 2g
2. One circle of blood circulation, with the exception of crocodiles; 8k
3. All have two circles of blood circulation; 3g

1. Reptiles eat:

1. Some are invertebrates, others are vertebrates; 4k
2. Various animals, but there are also herbivorous species; 4e
3. Only vertebrates, but there are also herbivorous species; 4b

1. Fertilization in reptiles:

1. outdoor; 5v
2. internal; 5g
3. Both external and internal; 5d

1. In winter, all our reptiles:

1. Fall into a daze; 6g
2. fall into a stupor, with the exception of the Caspian tortoises; 7d
3. fall into a stupor, with the exception of gray monitor lizards; 9g

1. The squamous order includes:

1. Only lizards; 7b
2. Only snakes; 8k
3. Lizards, snakes and chameleons; 6g

1. The language of snakes is:

1. Organ of touch and taste; 8e
2. Only the organ of touch; 7d
3. Organ of touch, taste and smell; 7e

1. Sea turtles have legs:

1. They have swimming membranes between their fingers; 7g
2. Turned into flippers; 7c
3. Regular type; 7b

Preview:

OPTION I

1. Why can't soil be sterilized? (Give a detailed answer).

OPTION II

1. The simplest live in the aquatic and terrestrial-air environment.
2. Protozoa were discovered over 300 years ago.
3. The simplest have a structure similar to all microorganisms.
4. Among the protozoa, there are species that lead a fixed lifestyle.
5. The infusoria-shoe moves due to the coordinated movement of numerous cilia.
6. Amoeba proteus is a predator that feeds on other protozoa and unicellular algae.
7. Euglena green does not form digestive vacuoles.
8. All protozoa have a contractile vacuole.
9. Contractile vacuoles in ciliates-shoes have adductor tubules.
10. Oxygen enters the cytoplasm of the protozoan through the entire surface of the body.
11. Many protozoa, when dividing, form not two, but several individuals.
12. Infusoria-shoe has a positive phototaxis.
13. Euglena green feeds only on organic substances that it forms in the light.
14. Under adverse conditions, most of the protozoa do not die, but go into the state of a cyst.
15. Limestone deposits formed from the shells of dead testate amoebas.
16. Dysentery amoeba, once in the blood of a person, cause amoebic dysentery.
17. Infection of a person with malaria occurs when the malarial plasmodium enters his blood.
18. Many protozoa, feeding on bacteria and organic residues, contribute to the purification of water bodies.

1. What role did the protozoa play in the preservation of the natural biogeocenoses of Africa? (Give a detailed answer).

Preview:

Test "Organ systems" (7kl)

1. Blood flows from the heart to the lungs through:

1. veins
2. arteries
3. capillaries
4. for all specified vessels

1. Open circulatory system in:

1. shellfish
2. mammals
3. birds

1. Organs are combined into a system because:

1. They are located nearby
2. Similar in structure
3. Perform a common function
4. Interact with other systems

1. Part of the musculoskeletal system is:

1. elephant skull
2. turtle shell
3. Chitin cover of the beetle
4. All of the above

1. The protection of the animal body from infection is provided by the system:

1. excretory
2. nervous
3. circulatory
4. Respiratory

1. Provides communication of the body with the environment and the coordinated work of organs:

1. nervous
2. excretory
3. Respiratory
4. Metabolism

1. The reflex arc does not include

1. Receptors
2. Neurons
3. Organs
4. Blood vessels

1. What are female gametes called?

1. Hormones
2. ovaries
3. testicles
4. Oocytes

1. Radial symmetry is characteristic of:

1. Worms
2. echinoderms
3. insects
4. chordates

1. Find a match

1. Choose the correct statements.

1. An organ is a part of the body that has a certain shape, structure and performs certain functions.
2. An organ can function independently, outside the body.
3. Organs are grouped into organ systems.
4. The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeleton, muscles, and skin.
5. The excretory system is used to remove undigested food from the body.
6. Blood is involved in gas exchange.
7. The circulatory system is closed, open and partially closed.
8. The sex glands of females are ovaries, males are testes.
9. Digestive glands produce biologically active substances - enzymes.
10. Oxygen-rich arterial blood flows from the heart to the organs.
11. The nervous system consists of nerve cells randomly located throughout the body and not interconnected.

Preview:

Test on the topic of the environment of life, the relationship of organisms in nature.

1. Settle animals according to their habitats (select letters for numbers):

a) carp; b) earthworm; c) dragonfly larva; d) octopus; e) toad; f) May beetle larva; g) mole; h) roundworm; i) nodule bacteria; j) hermit crab; l) eagle; m) butterfly-urticaria; m) swimming beetle; o) malarial mosquito; o) scabies mite;

1) aquatic environment:

2) ground-air:

3) soil:

4) organismal:

1. Select groups in which all animals are first-order consumers:

A) capercaillie, elk, vole;

B) marten, cow, fox;

C) sparrow, rabbit, horse;

D) gopher, ferret, weasel;

1. Establish a correspondence between pairs of animals and the type of their relationship.

Write your answer in cipher

Preview:

II option

Task number 1 (choose 1 correct answer)

1. Chord is:

A) the spinal cord without protective formations formed around it.

B) dense, elastic rod.

C) an elastic tube in the canal of which the spinal cord is located.

1. The body is covered with bony scales in fish:

A) only cartilaginous. B) only bones. B) everyone.

1. Paired fins include:

A) chest. B) abdominal. B) chest and abdomen.

1. The swim bladder in fish performs the following functions:

A) hydrostatic. B) hydrostatic and, in some fish, respiratory. C) hydrostatic, respiratory maintenance of a constant blood composition.

1. The mucus that covers the body of the fish is secreted:

A) skin glands. B) scales. B) lateral line.

1. With the help of the organs of vision, fish see objects located:

A) near. B) far. C) both near and far.

1. Fish can hear:

A) sounds made only in water. B) sounds made in the water and on the shore (in the air). C) only ultrasounds.

1. Fertilization in most fish species:

A) internal. B) external.

1. The circulatory system in fish:

A) closed. B) open. C) open in cartilaginous and closed in bone.

1. Blood passes through the heart of fish:

A) venous. B) arterial. B) mixed.

1. The spinal canal is formed by:

A) superior vertebral arches. B) the lower arches of the vertebrae. B) vertebral bodies.

1. Bile is produced:

A) pancreas. B) stomach. B) cookies.

1. The final breakdown products of nutrients are:

A) proteins, fats, carbohydrates. B) water, salt. C) water, carbon dioxide, urea.

Task number 2

(write down the numbers of the correct judgments)

1. Sharks have a well-developed sense of smell.
2. The transition of the head to the trunk is clearly visible.
3. The nervous system of fish consists of the brain and the ventral nerve cord.
4. Fish are not capable of forming conditioned reflexes.
5. The ribs are attached to the arches of the trunk vertebrae.
6. The sex glands of fish are unpaired testes and ovaries.
7. The fecundity of fish is associated with a high mortality of eggs.
8. Fertilization of fish is always internal.
9. Sharks and rays are ovoviviparous fish.
10. Sharks and rays have a cartilaginous skeleton. a) a group of cells located in one part of the body;

    b) Histology; d) Mycology;

    1. The cell membrane is elastic and does not contain cellulose;
    1. Matthias Schleiden; c) Rudolf Virchow
    1. Lysosomes; c) Ribosomes;
    1. nervous tissue; c) epithelial tissue;
    1. epithelial tissue; c) muscle tissue
    1. Digestive system; c) excretory system;
    1. Gills; c) Lungs;

    B) Trachea; d) Kidneys;

    A) mouth, pharynx, esophagus;

    B) sex glands

    Choose one correct answer.(7cl)

    1) The fabric is:

    a) a group of cells located in one part of the body;

    b) a group of cells similar in structure and functions;

    c) a part of the body that has a special structure and functions;

    d) the main contents of the cell, filling its entire volume;

    2) The study of the structure, development and activity of cells is engaged in:

    A) Microbiology; c) Cytology;

    b) Histology; d) Mycology;

    3) In animal cells, unlike plant cells:

    A) The cell membrane is elastic and does not contain cellulose;

    b) The cell wall contains cellulose;

    c) The cell wall contains chitin;

    d) There is no cell wall;

    4) I saw cells for the first time in a microscope:

    A) Matthias Schleiden c) Rudolf Virchow

    b) Anthony van Leeuwenhoek; d) Robert Hooke;

    5) Regulate the processes occurring in the cell during reproduction, and ensure the transfer of hereditary information:

    A) Lysosomes; c) Ribosomes;

    b) Chromosomes; d) Mitochondria;

    6) Not typical for animals:

    A) nervous tissue; c) epithelial tissue;

    B) Connective tissue; d) Conductive tissue;

    7) Forms covers and lines body cavities:

    A) epithelial tissue; c) muscle tissue

    B) Connective tissue; d) Nervous tissue;

    8) Serves to remove water and harmful metabolic products from the body:

    A) the digestive system; c) excretory system;

    b) Respiratory system; d) nervous system;

    9) Not related to the respiratory system:

    A) gills; c) Lungs;

    B) Trachea; d) Kidneys;

    10) The endocrine system consists of:

    A) mouth, pharynx, esophagus;

    B) Endocrine glands;

    B) sex glands

    D) Heart and blood vessels;

    
    

    1. A living organism is:

    A. A group of cells that perform different functions
    B. A group of cells that form tissues that perform various functions
    B. A group of cells that form tissues and organs that perform only one specific function
    D. Coordinated interaction of cells, tissues and organs that make up this organism

    2. Population is:

    A. Individuals of the same species
    B. Individuals of the same species living in the same territory
    B. All living organisms living in the same area
    D. Individuals of the same species living in the same territory and partially or completely isolated from individuals of other similar groups

    3. The shell of the earth inhabited by living organisms is:

    A. Atmosphere
    B. Lithosphere
    B. Biosphere
    G. Biocenosis

    4. Systematics is based on:

    A. Studying the diversity of living organisms
    B. The study of the structure of living organisms
    B. Distribution of living organisms into groups based on similarity and relatedness
    D. The study of fossil species of living organisms

    5. The founder of taxonomy is:

    A. Carl Linnaeus
    B. Charles Darwin
    V. Aristotle
    G. Theophrastus
    1. The English scientist Charles Darwin in 1906 published a book where he explained the development of nature by the action of natural laws.
    2. Creation by man of new animal breeds and plant varieties is based on individual hereditary variability.
    3. From generation to generation, a person chose an animal or plants with useful features for himself, for example, plants with juicy and large fruits.
    4. Understanding the origin of cultural forms of plants and animals made it possible to explain the origin of animal and plant species.
    5. The causes that determine the process of speciation are the struggle for existence and natural selection.
    6. The struggle for existence includes only complex and diverse relationships between living organisms.
    7. Competition between different species includes the struggle for food.
    8. In the process of the struggle for existence, natural selection occurs.
    9. The most adapted organisms to a certain habitat leave fertile offspring and their numbers increase.
    10. The driving forces of evolution are hereditary variability, the struggle for existence and natural selection.

    KINGDOM OF PROKARYOTES SUBKINGDOM OF REAL BACTERIA. SUBKINGDOM OF ARCHEBACTERIA. SUBKINGDOM OF OXYPHOTOBACTERIA

    1. Way of movement of bacteria:

    A. With the help of flagella
    B. "Reactive" - ​​ejection of mucus
    B. With wings
    D. All statements are true

    2. Bacterial spores are...

    A. Sex cell
    B. Form for reproduction
    B. Form for survival of bacteria in adverse conditions
    D. Name of bacteria
    

    3. To obtain energy, bacteria use:

    A. Organic compounds
    B. Inorganic compounds
    B. Sunlight
    D. All statements are true
    1. Bacteria - diplococci are clusters of dense packs.
    2. Flagella and villi are often developed on the surface of bacteria.
    3. The cell wall of bacteria is formed by cellulose.
    4. Bacteria lack membrane organelles, such as mitochondria, plastids.
    5. In a bacterial cell, all the enzymes that provide the processes of its vital activity are located in the cytoplasm or on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane.
    6. Most bacteria are autotrophs.
    7. Some bacteria synthesize organic matter from inorganic due to the energy of oxidation of inorganic compounds.
    8. Some bacteria can convert solar energy.
    9. Bacteria destroy dead plant and animal organisms.
    10. Bacteria convert organic matter into inorganic and return chemical elements to the biological cycle.
    11. Bacteria infect only animals and humans.
    12. The first bacteria appeared 7 billion years ago.

    KINGDOM OF MUSHROOMS. DEPARTMENT REAL MUSHROOMS DEPARTMENT OOMYCETES

    1. Mushrooms are studied by science:

    A. Mycology
    B. Ecology
    B. Microbiology
    D. Biology
    1. The kingdom of mushrooms includes at least 100 thousand species.
    2. Cap mushrooms contain pigment.
    3. Mushroom cells contain a reserve substance - glycogen.
    4. Mycelium, or mycelium, consists of thin branching threads - hyphae.
    5. Unicellular fungi - yeast.
    6. In most species of mushrooms, the mycelium is divided by partitions in which there are pores.
    7. Hyphae, uniting in bundles, form large strands, reaching several meters in length, which perform a conductive function.
    8. Mushroom cells do not contain membrane organelles.
    9. The hereditary or genetic apparatus of the fungal cell is located in the nuclei.
    10. In unicellular fungi, false mycelium is formed during budding.
    11. Mushrooms reproduce by spores and vegetatively.
    12. Fungal spores are formed in sporangia, which are formed on hyphae.
    13. The genus Mucor belongs to the class of Chytridiomycetes.
    14. Russula belong to the class Ascomycetes.
    15. Yeasts belong to the class Imperfect fungi.
    16. Boletus and boletus belong to the class Basidiomycetes.

    3. Mushrooms breed:

    A. Vegetatively
    B. Spores
    B. Seeds
    G. Sexually

    4. In fungi, spores develop in:

    A. Hyfax
    B. sporangia
    B. Kidney
    G. mycorrhiza

    5. Mycorrhiza is:

    A. Mushroom name
    B. Mushroom root
    B. Variety of mycelium
    G. Spore

    6. The survival of the fungus in adverse conditions is ensured by:

    A. The supply of nutrients is deposited in the cells of the thickened parts of the mycelium
    B. A spore is formed
    B. Large amounts of water are stored
    G. There is a slowdown in metabolic processes

    7. The class of basidiomycetes includes:

    A. Russula
    B. Trutovik
    B. Starship
    G. Potato mushroom
    

    8. What fungus infects cereal crops and can cause human poisoning when it gets into flour?

    A. Ergot
    B. Penicillium
    B. Phytophthora
    G. yeast

    9. Forms mold on food:

    A. Mukor
    B. Penicillium
    B. Ergot
    G. Phytophthora

    DEPARTMENT OF LICHEN

    1. The most complex type of thallus in lichens:

    A. bushy
    B. Leafy
    B. Scale

    2. Lichens are organisms that feed on:

    A. Heterotrophic
    B. Autotrophic
    B. Autoheterotrophic
    G. Chemotrophic

    3. In the body of the lichen algae are:

    A. Along the lower cortex
    B. In the core
    B. Between the core and the lower cortex
    D. Between the core and the upper cortical layer

    4. Lichens are attached to the ground using:

    A. Rhizoids
    B. Gifov
    B. Rhizoids and hyphae
    G. Special adhesive

    5. Lichens are found in:

    A. Cold regions of the Earth
    B. temperate latitudes
    B. Mountains
    D. All statements are true

    6. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Lichens are a group of symbiotic organisms.
    2. Two components of lichens: an alga is a heterotrophic organism and a fungus is an autotrophic organism.
    3. Each type of lichen is characterized by certain fungi and algae.
    4. Scale lichens are the most complex.
    5. The thallus of many lichens has lower and upper cortical layers of densely woven fungal filaments.
    6. The core of lichens is formed by fungal threads and algae.
    7. The fungus provides the algae with water and dissolved organic matter.
    8. Lichen is characterized by new biological qualities that are not characteristic of algae and fungi outside of symbiosis.
    9. Lichens grow on soil, rock outcrops, trees and are demanding of clean air.
    10. Lichens are resistant to low temperatures, lack of moisture and low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
    11. Lichens reproduce by parts of the thallus, that is, vegetatively.
    12. Lichens can reproduce by spores, which are produced sexually and asexually.
    13. Lichens accumulate solar energy, convert organic matter to inorganic, transform rocks into soil suitable for plant settlement.

    PLANT KINGDOM SUBKINGDOM LOWER PLANTS. GROUP OF DEPARTMENTS ALGAE

    
    

    1. Unicellular algae include:

    A. Chlorella
    B. Chlamydomonas
    V. Laminaria
    G. Spirogyra

    2. Lives in fresh water:

    A. Sargassum
    B. porphyra
    V. Spirogyra
    G. Volvox

    3. Algae cell consists of:

    A. Cell wall and cytoplasm
    B. Cytoplasms, nuclei, plastids
    B. Cytoplasm, multiple nuclei, pigments
    G. Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles, plastids

    4. The nutrition of most algae occurs due to:

    A. Photosynthesis
    B. Absorption of finished organic substances
    B. Symbiosis with other organisms
    D. All statements are true

    5. Algae breed:

    A. Vegetatively
    B. Asexually
    B. Sexually
    D. All statements are true

    6. Gamete is:

    A. Seaweed name
    B. Title controversy
    B. Part of the thallus
    G. Sex cell

    7. Rhizoids are:

    A. Seaweed name
    B. The shape of the thallus
    B. Special cell type
    G. Outgrowths of the body of the algae, which serve to attach to the substrate

    8. Phytobenthos is:

    A. Bottom vegetation
    B. Bottom silt
    B. Algae group
    D. Brown algae

    9. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Algae produce organic matter.
    2. Algae live only at shallow depths.
    3. Algae cells contain green, orange, red pigments.
    4. In low light, algae cannot carry out photosynthesis.
    5. At low temperatures, algae die.
    6. Snow chlamydomonas is able to live even in the snow.
    7. Algae created the oxygen atmosphere of the planet.
    8. Algae are the ancestors of all land plants.
    9. Algae originated 4.5 billion years ago.
    10. Chlorella is a unicellular algae that moves with the help of flagella.
    11. Algae lack real organs and tissues inherent in higher plants.
    12. Algae cell contains one large or several small vacuoles with cell sap, one or more nuclei, chromatophores containing pigments.
    13. There are algae that feed heterotrophically.
    14. Algae reproduce only asexually.
    15. Usually, algae reproduce asexually only under favorable conditions.
    16. Female and male gametes in algae can be formed on the same or on different individuals.
    17. A plant that forms spores is called a sporophyte, and gametes are called a gametophyte.
    18. In most cases, in algae, the gametophyte and sporophyte are independent plants.

    SUBKINGDOM0 HIGHER PLANTS. DEPARTMENT OF BRIES

    
    

    1. Bryophytes belong to higher plants, as they:

    A. Perennials
    B. Form organic substances
    B. Have a stem and leaves
    D. Reproduce by spores

    2. Rhizoids in mosses serve:

    A. For breeding
    B. To keep the body upright
    B. For attaching to the soil
    D. To absorb nutrients from the soil

    3. Peat is formed as a result of:

    A. Rotting plant residues
    B. Growth of sphagnum with dense sods
    B. Accumulation of large amounts of organic matter
    D. Creation of an acidic environment by mosses, lack of oxygen, which prevents the processes of decay of dead parts of plants

    4. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Mosses are among the higher plants.
    2. Bryophytes are annual plants.
    3. Bryophytes can live in both wet and dry conditions.
    4. Multicellular rhizoids, which perform the function of a root in mosses, already have a conductive tissue.
    5. Bryophytes have a sexual generation of plants - a gametophyte, and an asexual one - a sporophyte.
    6. Kukushkin flax belongs to leafy mosses.
    7. Green mosses can reproduce vegetatively - with body parts and special buds.
    8. Sphagnum has no rhizoids and receives moisture directly through the stem.

    DIVISIONS Lycopteroid, Horsetail, Fern

    1. Some species are eaten:

    A. Ferns
    B. lycopsids
    B. horsetail
    D. All options are correct.

    2. Uzhovnik belongs to the department:

    A. Bryophytes
    B. Lycopsformes
    B. Horsetails
    G. Ferns

    3. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Lycopods may have evolved from psilophytes.
    2. Lycopsids are most often found in coniferous and mixed forests.
    3. In club mosses, spores are formed in sporangia collected on an upright shoot in the form of spikelets.
    4. Germinated spores of club mosses give rise to unisexual and bisexual gametophytes.
    5. In club mosses, only a few days pass from the moment the sporangium is formed to the rash of mature spores.
    6. Fossil treelike forms of club mosses, horsetails and ferns formed forests during the Cretaceous.
    7. Horsetails have a well-developed underground shoot - a rhizome.
    8. In horsetails, fertilization occurs in water and an asexual generation develops from a fertilized egg - a sporophyte.
    9. The size of the fern varies from a few millimeters to 25 m.
    10. Currently, there are no tree-like forms of ferns on Earth.
    11. In the life cycle of ferns there are no alternating generations - sporophyte and gametophyte.
    12. In temperate forest ferns, the stem is short, located in a bud and is a rhizome.
    13. From a fern spore, when it germinates, a seedling is formed.
    14. Female and male reproductive organs are formed on the growth of a fern.
    15. From large male fern spores - megaspores, a gametophyte develops.
    16. Ferns can reproduce vegetatively.

    4. Mosses, club mosses, horsetails and ferns have similarities:

    A. Under breeding conditions. Requires water for sexual reproduction
    B. In the structure of the body. The body is made up of roots, stems and leaves.
    B. In the presence of root-like formations. There are rhizoids
    G. In the methods of reproduction. Propagated by seeds

    5. Fern gametophyte is called:

    A. Outgrowth
    B. sprout
    B. Zygote
    G. Germ
    

    6. Fern life cycle is dominated by:

    A. sporophyte
    B. gametophyte

    7. Which of the following plants are fern-like:

    A. Sphagnum
    B. Psilophyte
    B. Orlyak
    G. salvinia

    8. Fern leaves perform the function:

    A. Evaporation of excess moisture
    B. Reproduction
    B. Photosynthesis
    G. Reproduction and photosynthesis

    9. Some species are used for aquariums:

    A. Ferns
    B. lycopsids
    B. horsetail
    D. All answers are correct.

    10. In medicine, they use:

    A. club moss
    B. horsetail
    B. Fern
    D. All answers are correct.

    DEPARTMENT Gymnosperms

    1. Seed unlike spores:

    A. Participates in reproduction
    B. Has an embryo and endosperm
    B. Formed in boxes
    D. Most adapted to the experience of adverse conditions

    2. Leaves grow throughout the life of the plant in:

    A. Larches
    B. Pines
    V. Velvichia
    G. Sagovnik

    3. Tracheids are:

    A. Plant name
    B. Sex cells
    B. Wood cells

    4. Conifers tolerate severe frosts due to:

    A. Thick bark
    B. The needles are covered with a thick cuticle
    B. The stomata are buried deep in the leaf tissue, which reduces the evaporation of water and prevents hypothermia
    G. Needles are shed for the winter
    

    5. Choose the correct statement.

    1. In gymnosperms, the seeds lie open and are sometimes covered with scales.
    2. A supply of nutrients is formed in the seed, which ensures the life of the embryo.
    3. Gymnosperms originated from primary heterosporous ferns.
    4. The stem of coniferous trees is covered with wood.
    5. Gymnosperms have a well-developed conductive tissue.
    6. Coniferous leaves are covered with a cuticle.
    7. Coniferous bisexual plants.
    8. In pine, 2–4 months pass between pollination and fertilization.
    9. On the territory of Russia, about 40% of forests are represented by various types of gymnosperms.
    10. Outwardly, cycads resemble pines.
    11. Plants belonging to the genus Cedar grow in South and North America.
    12. Sperm has a double (diploid) set of chromosomes.
    13. The egg has a single (haploid) set of chromosomes.
    14. The zygote has a double (haploid) set of chromosomes.
    15. Wood cells have a single (haploid) set of chromosomes.

    DEPARTMENT ANGIOSEEDS, OR FLOWERING PLANTS

    1. Conductive system of angiosperms provides:

    A. Removal of harmful substances from the plant body
    B. Carrying water and minerals from the roots to other organs of the plant
    B. Rapid outflow of organic matter
    D. Rapid influx of water and minerals from roots to leaves, buds, flowers and rapid outflow of organic matter

    2. Flowering is characterized by:

    A. Fast metabolism
    B. Rapid growth
    B. Rapid accumulation of organic matter during photosynthesis
    D. Adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions

    3. Woody flowering plants do not form wood:

    A. Date palm
    B. Mahogany
    B. Cork oak
    G. Ash

    4. Function of cambium:

    A. Growth of trees in thickness
    B. Tree growth in length
    B. Strength of wood
    G. Carrying out nutrients

    5. Wood cork performs the function:

    A. Protective
    B. Conductive
    B. Educational
    G. Reserve

    6. Deciduous trees include:

    A. birch
    B. Oak
    B. coconut tree
    G. ficus

    7. Evergreen trees include:

    A. Ryabina
    B. date palm
    W. Thick
    G. Ebony

    8. Plants are pollinated by wind:

    A. birch
    B. Wheat
    V. Rye
    G. Poplar
    

    9. Self-pollination is characteristic of plants:

    A. Barley
    B. Wheat
    V. Cherry
    G. Luk

    10. Cross-pollination is typical for plants:

    A. Clover
    B. Hazel
    V. Alder
    G. Iva

    11. The fetus is formed from:

    A. Ovary wall
    B. receptacle
    G. Pestle
    D. Pistil, base of stamens, petals and sepals, receptacle

    12. The seed is formed:

    A. From the ovule
    B. From the ovule after double fertilization
    B. From a fertilized egg
    D. From the fertilized central cell

    13. Monocots include families:

    A. Cereals
    B. Cruciferous
    B. Legumes
    G. Lileynye

    14. The legume family includes:

    A. Acacia
    B. wild radish
    V. Clover
    G. Luk

    15. The cruciferous family includes:

    A. Cabbage and shepherd's purse
    B. Wild radish and potatoes
    B. Tomato and peas
    D. Dandelion and mustard

    16. Flower formula Ch(5)ChL(5)T5P1 corresponds to the family:

    A. Rozotsvetnykh
    B. Paslenov
    B. cruciferous
    G. Compositae

    17. The Rosaceae family corresponds to the signs:

    A. Inflorescence umbel
    B. The fruit is a berry
    B. Flower formula N4L4T2+4P1
    G. Reticulate venation of the leaf

    18. For the cruciferous family, fruits are characteristic:

    A. Pod
    B. Box
    V. Pod
    G. Zernovka
    

    19. The cereal family includes:

    A. Millet and corn
    B. Rye and wheat
    B. Millet and peas
    G. Clover and barley

    20. Funnel-shaped flowers are characteristic of the family:

    A. Compositae
    B. legumes
    V. Zlakovykh
    G. Paslenov

    21. Reed flowers are found in:

    A. Vasilka
    B. sunflower
    V. dandelion
    G. Acacia

    22. Onion belongs to the family:

    A. Zlakovykh
    B. Rosaceae
    V. Paslenov
    G. Lileynykh

    23. A distinctive feature of the family is:

    A. Flower structure
    B. The structure of the inflorescence
    B. Leaf venation
    D. Type of fetus

    24. Choose the correct statement.

    1. The ovule in angiosperms is protected by the ovary.
    2. Angiosperms - this is the most common group of plants on Earth and unites about 450 thousand species.
    3. The Flowering department includes 2 classes - Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous.
    4. Flowering plants grow in all climatic zones of the Earth.
    5. The tissues of angiosperms are distinguished by a significant degree of specialization.
    6. Angiosperms are characterized by rapid accumulation of organic matter as a result of photosynthesis, active metabolism, the formation of various biologically active substances, and active growth.
    7. In flowering plants, the development of female and male gametophytes is significantly reduced. Gametophytes are represented by: ovule and pollen tube.
    8. Sporophyte forms in flowering plants are woody and herbaceous.
    9. Tree forms originated from the herbaceous group of plants.
    10. The shoot part of flowering plants is represented by a stem and buds.
    11. All trees belong to the class Dicotyledons.
    12. The outer part of the tree trunk is formed by the cambium.
    13. The cork covering the bast is a product of cell division of a special tissue - the cork cambium.
    14. In evergreen trees, partial replacement of leaves occurs every 6-7 years.
    15. Small flowers near trees indicate that they are pollinated by the wind.
    16. A flower is a modified shoot.
    17. The corolla of the flower is represented by brightly colored petals.
    18. The pistil of a flower is formed by a wide ovary, a thin column and a stigma.
    19. All angiosperms have bisexual flowers.
    20. The fruit is a reproductive organ that develops from a flower, protects the seeds and promotes their spread.
    21. Monocotyledonous plants are characterized by: fibrous root system, simple leaves with arcuate or parallel venation, the number of sepals or petals is a multiple of 4 or 5.
    22. Flowering plants grow only in the natural zones of the temperate and tropical zones.
    23. Most angiosperms belong to the class of monocots.
    24. Dicotyledonous - the youngest representatives of the plant kingdom in evolution.
    25. The structure of the flowering organs is characterized by a high degree of specialization.
    26. Herbaceous plants evolved from woody forms.
    27. Herbs, shrubs and trees form multi-tiered plant communities.

    KINGDOM ANIMALS SINGLE-CELLULAR SUBKINGDOM. TYPE OF SARCOGELLATE

    1. The class of rhizopods includes:

    A. Amoeba vulgaris
    B. Euglena green
    V. Lucheviki
    G. Volvox

    2. The class of flagellates includes:

    A. Solnechnik
    B. Euglena
    B. foraminifera
    D. Malarial Plasmodium

    SPOROVIC TYPE

    TYPE

    1. Ectoderm and endoderm are separated:

    A. Membrane
    B. basement membrane
    B. Sheathed
    G. mesogley

    2. Stinging cells are characteristic:

    A. For all coelenterates
    B. Only for jellyfish
    B. Hydra only
    D. Only for sea anemones

    3. Irritability is called:

    A. Any movement of the animal
    B. Response to attack
    B. Defense reaction
    D. The ability of an organism to respond to environmental influences with its activities

    4. Hermaphrodites are organisms with signs:

    A. Male body
    B. The female body
    B. Male and female body
    G. Same-sex

    5. Planula is:

    A. Larva covered with cilia
    B. The name of the jellyfish
    B. Type of cell
    D. Wall layer

    6. Gastrulation is:

    A. Formation of a bilayer organism
    B. Type of reproduction
    B. Feeding method
    D. Restoration of lost body parts
    1. In the ectoderm of the coelenterates there are cells: stinging, epithelial-muscular, intermediate, nervous.
    2. In the endoderm of the coelenterates there are glandular and epithelial-muscular cells.
    3. In intestinal cavities, there is a basement membrane between the ectoderm and endoderm.
    4. In intestinal cavities, sensitive (nerve) cells form a diffuse nervous system.
    5. The glandular cells of the Hydra ectoderm secrete a sticky secret and are distributed evenly throughout the ectoderm.
    6. Stinging cells - a hallmark of the coelenterates, and are located at the front end of the body.
    7. Sex cells in hydra are formed from intermediate cells.
    8. Hydras can be bisexual.
    9. Fertilization in hydra occurs on her body.
    10. The embryonic period in hydra includes two stages: crushing and gastrulation.
    11. In some intestinal cavities, special sex glands are formed, where germ cells are formed. Fertilization and development of the egg occurs outside the mother's body.
    12. In hydroids, a larva emerges from an egg - a planula, which goes through the stage of a parenchymula.
    

    TYPE FLAT WORMS

    3. Excretory system of flatworms:

    A. Digest food
    B. Removes liquid waste products harmful to the body
    B. Removes solid undigested residues
    D. Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

    4. Parenchyma is:

    A. Loose connective tissue
    B. Outer layer of the body wall
    B. Inner layer of the body wall
    D. Sense organs

    TYPE ROUND WORMS OR NEMATODES

    2. Respiration in nematodes:

    A. Diffuse
    B. Cutaneous
    B. Gill
    G. Pulmonary

    3. Externally, roundworm males differ from females:

    A. color
    B. Size
    B. Absence of genital opening
    D. The presence of a genital opening
    

    4. The digestive system consists of organs:

    A. Mouth, mouth, pharynx, intestine, anus
    B. Mouth, pharynx, intestine
    B. Skin-muscular sac, skin glands
    G. Mouth, intestine, anus

    5. Sexual dimorphism is:

    A. External difference between males and females
    B. The presence of a male and female reproductive system in an individual
    B. Sexual reproduction
    D. The difference between individuals depending on the structure of the reproductive system

    TYPE ANNELS

    1. The digestive system of an earthworm includes the following organs:

    A. Abdominal nerve cord, mouth, pharynx, intestine
    B. Metanephridia, mouth, pharynx, intestine
    B. Skin-muscular sac, mouth, pharynx, intestine
    G. Mouth, pharynx, goiter, stomach, intestine

    2. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Annelids have no circulatory system.
    2. Through metanephridia, harmful substances are released.
    3. The earthworm plays an important biological role, it is involved in soil formation.
    4. Annelids move with the help of bristles.
    5. In larval forms of annelids, the body is not divided into segments.
    6. In some species of annelids, on the dorsal part of the parapodia there are skin outgrowths - gills.
    7. Mobile outgrowths of the body in many annelids are called parapodia.
    8. The food system in earthworms is end-to-end and is divided into the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestine, which ends with the anus.
    9. Reproduction of annelids occurs by budding and sexually.
    10. The development of annelids is direct or with transformation - through the stage of the larva.
    11. Annelids include earthworm, sandworm, leeches, tubifex, whipworm, sandworm, pile, nereid, paolo.
    12. Leeches are characterized by a different number of body segments.
    13. Leeches breathe with gills.
    14. Earthworms prefer highly moist soil.
    15. Polychaete worms do not have paired parapodia.
    16. The saliva of a medical leech contains the protein gerudin, which prevents blood clotting.

    3. The transport of nutrients to all organs and tissues is carried out:

    A. Diffuse
    B. By blood
    B. By lymph
    D. By mesoglea

    4. The nervous system of the earthworm consists of:

    A. Nerve nodes and nerves
    B. Abdominal nerve cord and hearts
    B. Opharyngeal ring and ventral nerve cord
    D. Periopharyngeal nerve ring, supraglottic and subpharyngeal ganglion, abdominal nerve cord, nerves

    TYPE SHELLS, OR SOFT BODIES

    1. Agricultural pests include:

    A. Prudoviki
    B. Toothless
    B. Grape snail
    G. Slug
    

    3. A large pond has:

    A. Gills
    B. Lung
    B. Has no respiratory organs
    G. Trachea

    4. The mantle is:

    A. The substance of which the shell is made
    B. Skin fold located under the sink
    B. Organ of locomotion
    D. Digestive organ

    5. Mollusks live:

    A. Only in the seas
    B. Only in fresh water
    B. Land only
    D. In the sea, fresh water, on land

    6. Bivalves include:

    A. Octopus
    B. Big pond snail
    B. Toothless
    G. Grape snail

    7. The excretory organs of the grape snail include:

    A. Kidney
    B. Stomach
    B. Liver
    G. Intestine

    8. The ink gland is present in:

    A. All shellfish
    B. Bivalves
    V. cephalopods
    G. gastropods

    TYPE ARthropod. CLASS CRUSTACEANS

    1. Crustaceans live:

    A. Only in the seas
    B. Only in water bodies
    B. Land only
    D. In water bodies, some representatives are on land

    2. Molting is:

    A. Changing covers
    B. Color change during cooking
    B. Restoration of lost body parts
    D. Hiding from Predators
    

    3. Crustaceans include:

    A. Cyclops
    B. Crab
    B. Shrimp
    G. Mokritsu

    4. Sense organs help animals:

    A. Deliver nutrients to all tissues and organs
    B. Find food
    B. Notice when danger is approaching
    D. Digest food

    5. Protective organs in crayfish:

    A. Pincers
    B. Chitin cover
    B. Jaws
    D. Walking limbs

    6. Food for freshwater fish are crustaceans:

    A. Mokritsa
    B. daphnia
    V. Cyclops
    G. crayfish

    7. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Arthropods have a segmented body.
    2. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical.
    3. Ancestors of arthropods were ancient flatworms.
    4. Arthropods have a hard body cover consisting of lignin.
    5. Crustaceans have a closed circulatory system.
    6. The abdominal limbs of crayfish are involved in the capture of food.
    7. Crustaceans are characterized by the simultaneous presence of two pairs of antennae: antennules and modified limbs of the first body segment - antennae.
    8. Crustaceans have three body regions: head, thorax and abdomen, but the head and thoracic regions can be fused into the cephalothorax.
    9. Crustaceans have a hard chitinous cover.
    10. Statocyst is a sense organ.
    11. Many crayfish have a pair of compound eyes that are located on mobile outgrowths of the head.
    12. The circulatory system of cancers is filled with hemolymph.
    13. Primitive lungs appear in crayfish.
    14. Crustaceans have a single-lobed “liver”.

    CLASS ARCHINA

    2. Arachnids have:

    A. Chitin cover
    B. Jointed limbs
    B. Segmented body
    D. Five pairs of walking limbs

    3. The characteristic features of spiders are:

    A. Spider warts
    B. The first two pairs of limbs are involved in the capture and grinding of food
    B. Faceted vision
    D. Closed circulatory system

    4. Digestion in spiders occurs:

    A. Outside the body
    B. In the intestines
    B. In the stomach
    D. In the esophagus
    

    5. Builds his home from the web:

    A. Silver spider
    B. spinner spider
    V. hunter spider
    G. Karakurt

    6. Ticks can be distinguished from spiders:

    A. All body segments grow together
    B. The body is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen
    B. Have five pairs of legs
    D. There are poisonous glands

    7. Arachnids include:

    A. All arthropods
    B. Scorpions
    V. Ticks
    G. Daphnius

    CLASS INSECTS

    1. The ancestors of insects were ancient centipedes.
    2. The oral apparatus of insects differs in structure, depending on the method of feeding.
    3. The head of insects is divided into distinct segments.
    4. There are several simple eyes on the head.
    5. Limbs in insects consist of segments.
    6. The muscular system of insects is simpler than other arthropods.
    7. Tracheas permeate the entire body of the insect.
    8. The circulatory system is closed.
    9. The chest of insects consists of three segments.
    10. Segments of the thorax of insects carry three pairs of walking legs.
    11. Wings, 1 or 2 pairs, located on segments of mesothorax and metathorax.
    12. Wings are the folds of the body wall.
    13. The last section of the body of insects is the abdomen.
    14. The brain in insects consists of three sections - anterior, posterior and middle.
    15. In insects, there are 6 pairs of holes on the segments of the abdomen - spiracles.
    16. All insects have wings.
    17. The muscular system of insects is very complex and differs in the specialization of its elements; the number of individual muscle bundles reaches 250–400.

    2. Representatives of the order Hymenoptera are characterized by signs:

    A. Rigid elytra
    B. Caterpillar larva
    B. Presence of hairs on the body and limbs
    D. Development with complete transformation

    3. The destruction of harmful insects with the help of their natural enemies is called:

    A. Disinfection
    B. Biological control
    B. Artificial selection
    D. Chemical control

    4. Insects include:

    A. Cockroaches
    B. Scorpions
    B. Ticks
    G. Butterflies D. Woodlice

    5. Insects are characterized by signs:

    A. Three pairs of legs
    B. Head, chest, abdomen
    B. Presence of simple and compound eyes
    D. Having wings

    6. Of the listed insects, Lepidoptera include:

    A. honey bee
    B. silkworm
    B. housefly
    G. Grasshopper
    

    7. The red ant belongs to the detachment:

    A. Hymenoptera
    B. Diptera
    B. Coleoptera
    G. Lepidoptera

    8. Insects breathe with:

    A. Lungs
    B. gill
    V. trachea
    D. Lungs and trachea

    9. The excretory organs include:

    A. Malpighian vessels
    B. Guts
    B. Kidneys
    G. Trachea

    10. Insects with incomplete transformation include:

    A. Butterfly
    B. Grasshopper
    V. Cockroach
    G. Zhuk

    11. Imago is:

    A. Insect name
    B. Part of the body
    B. Pupa
    G. Larva

    12. Polymorphism is well expressed in:

    A. honey bees
    B. Muraviev
    V. Zhukov
    G. butterflies

    13. For the biological protection of cultivated plants from harmful insects, use:

    A. bee
    B. ladybug
    B. Cabbage white
    G. Rider

    14. Agricultural pests include insects:

    A. Komarov
    B. Os
    B. Aphids
    G. Colorado potato beetle

    TYPE Echinoderm

    Choose the correct statement.

    1. Currently, 650 species of animals belonging to echinoderms are known.
    2. Echinoderms live in the seas and fresh stagnant water bodies.
    3. The sizes of echinoderms vary from a few millimeters to 1 meter.
    4. The body cover of echinoderms consists of a single-layer epithelium (outer layer) and fibrous connective tissue (inner layer).
    5. In echinoderms, the genital and anus openings are located at opposite ends of the body.
    6. The water-vascular system is represented by an annular canal surrounding the esophagus with two outgoing canals.
    7. Echinoderms, leading a mobile lifestyle, use the water-vascular system for movement and anchoring on the ground.
    8. In immobile forms of echinoderms, gas exchange and excretion occurs through the ambulacral system.
    9. The sense organ of echinoderms is represented only by the organs of touch.
    10. The circulatory system consists of two annular vessels surrounding the mouth and anus, and radial ones.
    11. In echinoderms, the respiratory organs are formed by thin-walled outgrowths on the upper side of the body.
    12. Echinoderms do not have special excretory organs.
    13. All echinoderms are dioecious.
    14. Development occurs with a number of complex transformations.
    15. In starfish, a short intestine leads to the anus, located on the upper side of the body.
    16. Sea urchins feed only on phytoplankton.
    

    TYPE CHORDS. SUBTYPE CRANIAL

    1. Choose the correct statement.

    1. The notochord plays the role of an internal skeleton.
    2. The chord is located on the ventral side of the lancelet.
    3. The nervous system of the lancelet is represented by the abdominal nerve chain.
    4. The dorsal and ventral fins are formed by skin folds.
    5. The body of the lancelet is translucent.
    6. The pharynx of the lancelet is closely connected with the respiratory system.
    7. The circulatory system of the lancelet is closed.
    8. Class Lancelet combines about 90 species.
    9. The body length of the lancelet is 5–8 mm.
    10. Type Chordata combines two subtypes: Cranial and Vertebrate.
    11. Chordates live in water, on land and in soil.

    2. Chord refers to the system:

    A. Nervous
    B. Respiratory
    B. Musculoskeletal
    G. Bloody

    3. The body of the lancelet has symmetry:

    A. Double sided
    B. Radiation
    B. Radial
    D. Does not have a permanent form

    4. The movement of the lancelet occurs due to:

    A. Eyelashes
    B. Tentacles
    B. flagella
    G. Musculature

    5. Lancelet breathes:

    A. gills
    B. Lungs
    B. tracheae
    G. The entire surface of the body

    6. The heart belongs to the system:

    A. Blood
    B. Respiratory
    V. Nervous
    G. excretory

    7. The liver is an organ:

    A. Digestive system
    B. Excretory system
    B. Musculoskeletal system
    G. nervous system

    SUBTYPE VERTEBRATE, OR CRANIAL. OVER CLASS FISH

    1. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Fish have occupied different habitats.
    2. Fish have a streamlined body shape.
    3. The body of most fish is covered with scales.
    4. The spine of fish is divided into the trunk and tail sections.
    5. Conditioned reflexes can be observed in the behavior of fish.
    6. The heart of the fish is three-chambered.
    7. Latimeria is a representative of ancient fish.
    8. Some representatives of fish can additionally breathe atmospheric air.
    9. Fish scales are formed from the dermis.
    10. The skeleton of fish is almost completely bone.
    11. The skull of fish consists of a brain box, jaw bones, gill arches and covers.
    12. Trunk muscles of fish are separated by connective tissue septa.
    13. The brain consists of 5 sections.
    

    2. Chord is:

    A. Nerve trunk
    B. Axial support rod
    B. Digestive organ
    D. Skin fold

    3. Chordates live:

    A. Only in water
    B. In water and soil
    B. On land
    D. In all environments of life

    4. Fish scales are:

    A. Thin bony plates
    B. Thin horny plates
    B. Part of the skeleton
    D. Top layer of skin

    5. The brain consists of:

    A. From two departments
    B. From three departments
    B. From five departments
    D. From the pharyngeal and subpharyngeal ganglions

    6. The sense organs of fish include:

    A. Lateral line and taste buds
    B. Eyes and inner ear
    B. Lateral line
    D. Eyes, ear, taste buds, lateral line

    7. The liver is an organ:

    A. Digestive system
    B. Excretory system
    B. Respiratory system
    G. circulatory system

    8. Organ of the excretory system:

    A. Liver
    B. Kidney
    B. Anus
    G. gills

    9. Cartilaginous fish include:

    A. Skat
    B. halibut
    V. Kambala
    G. Shark

    10. Latimeria belongs to the class:

    A. Bones
    B. Kisteperykh
    B. lungfish
    G. Khryashchev

    11. Fish heart

    A. It looks like a tube B. Three-chamber
    B. Two-chamber
    G. Four-chamber
    

    CLASS Amphibians, or Amphibians

    1. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Amphibians live exclusively on land.
    2. The ancestors of amphibians were lungfish.
    3. Stegaciphals are ancient amphibians.
    4. The surface of the skin of amphibians is covered with mucus.
    5. The skeleton of amphibians, in connection with the transition to a terrestrial way of life, has a more complex structure than that of fish.
    6. The forebrain of amphibians is large in comparison with fish.
    7. Amphibians have exclusively pulmonary breathing.
    8. Amphibians are omnivores.
    9. Amphibians have pronounced sexual dimorphism.
    10. Amphibians benefit by destroying agricultural pests.

    2. Amphibians breathe:

    A. Light
    B. gills
    B. Skin and gills
    D. Lungs and skin

    3. Amphibians live:

    A. At sea and on land
    B. In fresh water and on land
    B. Only in bodies of water
    D. Only on land

    4. Adult amphibians breathe:

    A. Light
    B. gills
    B. Lungs and skin
    G. gills and skin

    5. Amphibian Heart:

    A. Thickened vessel
    B. Two-chamber
    B. Three-chamber
    G. Four-chamber

    6. Ventricle refers to:

    A. Digestive system
    B. Respiratory system
    B. Circulatory system
    D. Excretory system

    7. The cerebellum is responsible for:

    A. Animal coordination
    B. Perception of the external environment
    B. Coordinated work of all internal organs
    D. The instinct to reproduce

    8. The legless squad includes:

    A. Newts
    B. worms
    V. salamanders
    G. Toads

    9. On the trees live:

    A. Kvakshi
    B. Worms
    B. Tritons
    G. Zherlyanki
    

    CLASS REPTILES, OR REPTILES

    1. The body of reptiles:

    A. Has many glands
    B. Covered with dry skin with horny shields
    B. Scaled
    G. Has a feather cover

    2. Reptiles breathe:

    A. Light
    B. Lungs and skin
    B. gills
    G. Skin

    3. Most reptile eggs:

    A. Buried in sand or rubbish heaps
    B. Lay in water
    B. Hidden in algae
    D. Lay in nests

    4. Reptiles have unstable body temperature because they have:

    A. Mixed blood
    B. Two circles of blood circulation
    B. Dry skin
    D. Three-chambered heart

    5. Snakes are different from lizards in that they:

    A. Have no limbs
    B. Have two circles of blood circulation
    D. They swallow their prey whole D. They have venom glands

    6. Change the color of the body under the background of the underlying surface:

    A. Chameleon
    B. lizard
    V. Tiger already
    G. alligator

    7. Live birth is observed in:

    A. Common viper
    B. Egyptian cobra
    V. Pitonov
    G. turtles D. cottonmouth

    8. Herbivores include:

    A. Land tortoise
    B. chameleon
    B. cobra
    D. sea snake

    BIRD CLASS

    
    

    1. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Birds are warm-blooded animals.
    2. The skin of birds has a large number of glands.
    3. The coccygeal gland secretes the fat necessary to lubricate the feather cover.
    4. Birds have sharp eyesight.
    5. Birds have a three-chambered heart.
    6. Birds have sharp teeth.
    7. According to the method of movement, birds are divided into three groups: running, swimming and flying.
    8. Riteless birds include all chicken.
    9. Perhaps the first birds appeared on Earth about 180 million years ago.
    10. The jaw of birds is represented by a beak.
    11. The strength of the skeleton of birds is achieved through the fusion of many bones in the early stages of individual development.
    12. In birds, the thoracic vertebrae bear ribs that are movably connected to the sternum.
    13. In many birds, the sternum has a bony keel.
    14. In birds, the forelimb belt is formed by three paired bones: crows, shoulder blades and collarbones.
    15. An increase in the volume of the brain is associated with the development of the forebrain hemispheres and the expansion of motor activity, the complication of behavior.
    16. Arterial blood, coming from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, pours into the right atrium, and from there into the right ventricle and aorta.
    17. The lungs have a spongy structure, the bronchi entering them branch out and end with the thinnest blind bronchioles.
    18. In some birds, the long esophagus forms an extension, because the goiter, where food accumulates and begins to be digested.
    19. The ureters open into the cloaca as in reptiles.
    20. Postembryonic development of chicks begins with the exit from the egg membranes.

    2. Birds are warm-blooded animals, as they have:

    A. Four-chambered heart
    B. Horny scales on the skin
    B. Arterial oxygenated blood
    G. Feather cover

    3. Proof of the relationship of birds with reptiles is:

    A. Presence of a five-fingered limb
    B. Dry skin
    B. Structure of Nutrient Rich Eggs
    D. The presence of horny scales on the skin

    4. In connection with flight, birds have:

    A. Hollow bones filled with air
    B. Double breathing
    B. Fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae
    G. Feather cover

    5. The basis of bird plumage is:

    A. Outline pens
    B. Down feathers
    B. Fluff

    6. The respiratory system of a bird consists of:

    A. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
    B. Trachea, bronchi, lungs
    B. Trachea, bronchi, larynx, bronchioles
    D. Trachea, bronchi, lower larynx, lungs with bronchioles, air sacs

    7. Goiter refers to:

    A. Respiratory system
    B. Digestive system
    B. Excretory system
    G. Circulatory system

    8. Brood birds include:

    A. Quail
    B. swallow
    V. mallard
    G. Kamyshovka

    9. Soft primary feathers are covered with villi at:

    A. Diurnal Predators
    B. Nocturnal predators
    B. Wading birds
    G. Terrestrial keel-chested

    10. Migratory birds include:

    A. Bullfinch
    B. swallow
    V. Crane
    G. Crow
    

    11. Breeds chicks in winter:

    A. Klest
    B. Swiristel
    V. Goldfinch
    G. Nuthatch

    12. The orderly of the forest is called:

    A. Slavka
    B. Nightingale
    V. Woodpecker
    G. Cuckoo

    13. Lays eggs in other people's nests:

    A. Krapivnik
    B. Chaffinch
    V. Crow
    G. Cuckoo

    14. Feeding chicks with a bird is:

    A. Showing concern for offspring
    B. Instinct
    B. Conditioned reflex
    D. Complex of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes

    15. The group of passeriformes includes:

    A. City swallow
    B. great tit
    B. Hooded Crow
    D. Great spotted woodpecker

    CLASS MAMMALS

    1. Choose the correct statement.

    1. The ancestors of ancient mammals were flying lizards.
    2. In its structure, the skin of mammals is very similar to the skin of birds.
    3. Mammals, unlike birds, have the ability to regulate heat.
    4. The limbs of mammals, unlike reptiles, are located under the body.
    5. The heart of mammals, like that of reptiles, is four-chambered.
    6. The development and bearing of the cub in animals occurs in the placenta.
    7. The skin in mammals is formed by the epidermis and the skin itself, and a layer of fatty tissue is developed under the skin.
    8. Mammals are characterized by hair and wool.
    9. Hair is absent in all aquatic mammals.
    10. Vibrissae are facial muscles.
    11. The terminal phalanges of the fingers of many mammals have horny appendages in the form of claws or nails or hooves.
    12. Functions of the skin glands in animals: milky, odorous, sebaceous, sweat.
    13. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
    14. The skeleton of mammals is characterized by: flat surfaces of the vertebrae, between which there are cartilaginous discs, the presence of clearly defined cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal regions, a constant number of cervical vertebrae - 4.
    15. The diaphragm is characteristic of the muscular system of mammals.
    16. The cerebellum is part of the hindbrain, responsible for coordinating movements, regulating muscle tone, maintaining posture and balance.
    17. The teeth of mammals are divided into incisors, canines, premolars and molars.
    18. In mammals, there is only one left aortic arch, which originates from the left ventricle.
    19. The pulmonary circulation begins in the right ventricle, where the pulmonary trunk begins. Blood from the lungs enriched with oxygen returns to the left atrium. 6. Diaphragm is: A. The name of the bone
    B. Type of cartilage
    B. Organ of the respiratory system
    G. Muscle

    7. The complex nature of motor activity is associated with the development of:

    A. Cerebral cortex
    B. medulla oblongata
    B. spinal cord
    G. cerebellum

    8. The control of conditioned reflexes in mammals occurs in:

    A. Midbrain
    B. diencephalon
    B. spinal cord
    G. Core of the cerebral hemispheres

    9. The organ of hearing consists of:

    A. Outer and inner ear
    B. auricle
    B. External auditory canal and auricle
    D. Pinna, external auditory canal, middle ear and inner ear

    10. Ruminants include:

    A. Horse
    B. Pig
    V. Cow
    G. Dog

    11. The liver is an organ:

    A. Excretory system
    3. AIDS is an infectious disease transmitted from person to person by airborne droplets.
    4. The virus is the causative agent of influenza.

    prokaryotes

    1. Blue-green algae breed:

    A. Budding
    B. Cell division into two
    B. Spores
    G. Regeneration

    Mushrooms

    2. Choose the most complete answer. Mushrooms are:

    A. Multicellular organisms consisting of a mycelium and a fruiting body
    B. Organisms consisting of a mycelium, a fruiting body, reproduce by spores
    B. Organisms that feed on prepared organic matter and reproduce by spores
    D. Multicellular and unicellular organisms, feed on ready-made organic substances, reproduce by spores, fragments of mycelium, budding

    3. For a fungal cell, it is characteristic:

    A. A well-defined cell wall, a significant number of ribosomes and mitochondria are present, the Golgi apparatus is poorly developed, protein granules are located in the vacuoles, inclusions are represented by glycogens and fat drops, the number of nuclei varies from one to several tens
    B. A well-defined cell wall, a significant number of ribosomes and mitochondria are present, the Golgi apparatus is absent, there are fat granules in the vacuoles, inclusions are represented by proteins, the number of nuclei varies from one to several tens
    B. A well-defined cell wall, a small number of ribosomes and mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus is well developed, there is one vacuole with glycogen inclusions, the inclusions are represented by fat drops, the number of nuclei varies from one to six
    D. A well-defined cell wall, there are a significant number of ribosomes and very few mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus is not developed, there are protein granules in the vacuoles, inclusions are represented by glycogens and fat drops, the number of nuclei varies from ten to several tens
    

    4. Choose the correct answers. Mushrooms are close to animals:

    A. They feed on ready-made organic matter
    B. Contain chitin in cell membranes
    B. Absorb nutrients through absorption
    D. Glycogen accumulates in cells

    5. Choose the correct answer. The fruiting body is:

    A. mushroom cap
    B. Gribnitsa
    B. Stem and mushroom cap
    D. Mushroom leg and mycelium

    8. Mushrooms of the genus Mukor belong to the class

    A. Ascomycetes
    B. Marsupials
    B. Zygomycetes
    

    9. Yeast belongs to the class:

    A. Ascomycetes
    B. Marsupials
    B. Zygomycetes
    D. Deuteromycetes D. Chytriomycetes E. Basidiomycetes

    10. Morels and lines belong to the class:

    A. Ascomycetes
    B. Basidiomycetes
    B. Zygomycetes
    

    11. Boletus and russula belong to the class:

    A. Ascomycetes
    B. Basidiomycetes
    B. Zygomycetes
    D. Deuteromycetes D. Chytriomycetes

    12. Phytophthora belongs to the class:

    A. Ascomycetes
    B. Basidiomycetes
    B. Zygomycetes
    D. Deuteromycetes D. Chytriomycetes E. Oomycetes
    D. Chytriomycetes
    E. Oomycetes

    Lichens

    14. Choose the most complete answer. The symbiotic relationship between algae and fungus is manifested in the fact that:

    A. Mushroom filaments accumulate organic matter, photosynthesis occurs in algae
    B. Fungal hyphae perform the function of roots: they provide algae with water and inorganic substances dissolved in it, photosynthesis and accumulation of organic substances occur in algae, which are obtained by fungi
    B. The hyphae of the fungus provide the function of the roots, and the algae - the function of the leaves of green plants

    15. Lichens breed:

    A. Vegetatively
    B. Spores that are formed sexually
    B. Spores that are formed asexually
    D. All answers are correct.

    lower plants

    16. Choose the correct statement. The main signs of plants:

    1. Capable of photosynthesis
    2. The presence in cells - chloroplasts, pigments - chlorophyll and carotenoids.
    3. The physiological processes of the plant are controlled by phytohormones.
    4. The cell wall of plants is formed by cellulose and murein.
    5. One of the metabolic products of plants is cell sap - a solution of organic substances.
    6. Cell sap is a solution containing amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, organic acids, tannins, nitrates, phosphates, chlorides.
    7. Plants grow in size throughout their lives.

    17. The structure of algae is characterized by:

    A. The presence of real tissues and organs
    B. The appearance of true roots
    B. The presence of a thallus (a body undifferentiated into tissues and organs)
    D. The appearance of conductive tissues

    18. Thallus cells are covered with a hard shell of:

    A. Mureina
    B. Chitina
    B. Pulp
    G. Cellulose and pectin

    19. Algae Nutrition:

    A. Only autotrophic
    B. Only heterotrophic
    B. Through chemosynthesis
    D. Autotrophic and heterotrophic

    20. Green algae are distributed mainly in:

    A. Fresh water
    B. Salt waters
    B. Soil
    G. Groundwater

    21. Phycoerythrin is:

    A. Blue water soluble pigment
    B. Red water-soluble pigment
    B. Orange water soluble pigment
    

    22. Phycocyanin is:

    A. Blue water-soluble pigment
    B. Red water-soluble pigment
    B. Orange water-soluble pigment
    D. Red-brown water-soluble pigment

    23. The reserve substance in red algae is purple starch, stored in:

    A. Chloroplasts
    B. Vacuoles
    B. Mitochondria
    G. Cytoplasm
    D. Chromatophore
    E. Cell wall

    24. The color of brown algae is determined by a mixture of pigments:

    A. Carotenoids, chlorophyll and phycoerythrin
    B. Carotenoids, chlorophyll and phycocyanin
    B. Carotenoids, chlorophyll and fucoxanthin
    G. Phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and fucoxanthin

    25. Brown algae are attached to the ground:

    A. Only vegetative organs
    B. Only rhizoids
    B. Thallus or rhizoids
    G. Only thallus
    D. Only thallus

    higher plants

    26. Choose the correct statement.

    1. Higher plants have well-defined tissues: educational, integumentary, conductive, mechanical, excretory, basic and storage.
    2. Secretory tissue is found only in animals.
    3. The vegetative organs of plants include: root, stem, leaf.
    4. The reproductive organs of plants include: sporangia, flowers, fruits.
    5. In gymnosperms, organ systems are clearly expressed: shoot and root.
    6. Sexual reproduction in ferns is no longer associated with water, as in mosses.
    7. Seed plants reproduce sexually and asexually - vegetatively.
    8. Liver mosses have a stem and leaves.
    9. Mosses do not have true roots, they are replaced by rhizoids.
    10. Ferns have underground shoots - rhizomes located parallel to the soil surface.
    11. Ferns have highly dissected leaves - fronds that grow directly from rhizomes.
    12. On the upper side of the fern leaf are sporangia, where spores ripen.

    27. In mosses, chloroplasts contain tissue:

    A. Pokrovnaya
    B. Main
    B. Mechanical
    G. Conductive

    28. Mosses are attached to the soil:

    A. Kornevischem
    B. Rooted
    D. rhizoids D. thallus

    29. In mosses, the sexual generation is called:

    A. sporophyte
    B. gametophyte
    V. Predrostok
    G. Spore

    30. The wood of gymnosperms consists of dead spindle-shaped cells with thick membranes that perform conductive and support functions. They are called -

    A. Fibers
    B. Lub
    B. tracheids
    G. Cambius
    

    31. Resin canals in coniferous plants are located in:

    A. Wood
    B. Cambia
    V. Kore
    G. Core

    32. In most coniferous leaves, the stomata are immersed in the leaf tissue, which contributes to:

    A. Water retention in leaves
    B. Resistance to low air temperatures
    b. high temperature resistance
    D. All answers are correct.

    33. Choose the most accurate answer. The seed is made up of:

    A. Peel, germ and nutrition
    B. Embryonic root, germinal stalk and kidney
    B. Endosperm
    G. Semyadoley

    34. Choose a more complete answer. The root is a plant organ that performs the following functions:

    A. Holding the plant in the soil
    B. Absorption of water and minerals
    B. Accumulates storage substances
    D. All answers are correct.

    35. Choose the correct definition. Escape is:

    A. Stem
    B. Stem and leaves
    B. Stem, leaves and buds
    D. Leaves and buds

    36. Choose the correct definition. The flower is:

    A. Part of the escape
    B. Modified Escape
    B. Modified sheet
    G. Bright whisk

    37. From the list of signs, write out those of them according to which plants belong to the Cruciferous family:

    A. The fruit is a drupe B. Permanent and temporary

    4. In unicellular animals, pseudopodia are:

    A. Temporary cytoplasmic outgrowths that provide movement
    B. Temporary cytoplasmic outgrowths that provide food capture
    B. Contractile vacuoles
    D. Temporary organelles of reproduction E. All answers are correct

    6. The simplest animals live in:

    A. In fresh water
    B. Salt waters
    B. Soil
    G. Animal organisms
    D. Plant organisms
    E. All answers are correct