All cities of Tatarstan have peculiar features, and at the same time, there is a link that unites them. First of all, they are united by the fact that they are settlements of a single republic with a distinctive culture. But what are the cities of the Republic of Tatarstan? The list and population in these settlements, as well as other features, will be the subject of our study.
General information about the Republic of Tatarstan
Before starting to study individual cities of Tatarstan, let's find out brief information about this republic as a whole.
Tatarstan is located in the middle Volga region, and is part of the Volga Federal District. In the south it borders on the Ulyanovsk, Samara and Orenburg regions, in the southeast with Bashkiria, in the northeast with the Republic of Udmurtia, in the gray with the Kirov region, in the west and northwest with the Republics of Mari El and Chuvashia.
The republic is located in a temperate climate zone with a temperate continental climate type. The total area of Tatarstan is 67.8 thousand square meters. km, and the population - 3868.7 thousand people. In terms of the number of inhabitants, this republic ranks seventh among all subjects of the federation. The population density is 57.0 people/sq. km.
Tatarstan is the city of Kazan.
Since ancient times, the territory of modern Tatarstan was inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes. In the 7th century, the Turkic tribes of the Bulgars came here and founded their own state, which was destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars in the 13th century. After that, the lands of Tatarstan were included in the Golden Horde, and as a result of the mixing of the Bulgars with the newcomer Turkic peoples, modern Tatars were formed. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, an independent one was formed here, which was included in the Russian kingdom under Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. Since then, the region has been actively populated by ethnic Russians. Here the Kazan province was formed. In 1917, the province was transformed into the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Tatarstan was formed in 1992.
List of cities in Tatarstan
Now let's list the cities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The list by population is provided below.
- Kazan - 1217.0 thousand inhabitants
- Naberezhnye Chelny - 526.8 thousand inhabitants.
- Almetievsk - 152.6 thousand inhabitants.
- Zelenodolsk - 98.8 thousand inhabitants.
- Bugulma - 86.0 thousand inhabitants.
- Yelabuga - 73.3 thousand inhabitants.
- Leninogorsk - 63.3 thousand inhabitants.
- Chistopol - 60.9 thousand inhabitants.
- Zainsk - 40.9 thousand inhabitants.
- Nizhnekamsk - 36.2 thousand inhabitants.
- Nurlat - 33.1 thousand inhabitants.
- Mendeleevsk - 22.1 thousand inhabitants.
- Bavly - 22.2 thousand inhabitants.
- Buinsk - 20.9 thousand inhabitants.
- Arsk - 20.0 thousand inhabitants.
- Agryz - 19.7 thousand inhabitants.
- Menzelinsk - 17.0 thousand inhabitants.
- Mamadysh - 15.6 thousand inhabitants.
- Tetyushi - 11.4 thousand inhabitants.
We have listed all the cities of Tatarstan by population. Now we will talk about the largest of them in more detail.
Kazan is the capital of the republic
The cities of Tatarstan should begin to be represented from its capital - Kazan. Presumably this city was founded around 1000, during the existence of the Bulgar kingdom. But the city reached its real heyday during the Golden Horde. And, especially after the separation of the lands of the middle Volga region into a separate khanate, the capital of which was Kazan. This state was called the Kazan Khanate. But even after the accession of these territories to the Russian kingdom, the city did not lose its significance, remaining one of the largest centers of Russia. After the formation of the USSR, it became the capital, and after its collapse, it becomes the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a subject of the Russian Federation.
The city is located on the territory of 425.3 sq. km and has a population of 1.217 million inhabitants, the density of which is 1915 people / 1 sq. km. km. Since 2002, the dynamics of changes in the number of residents in Kazan has a constant upward trend. Among the ethnic groups, Russians and Tatars predominate, respectively accounting for 48.6% and 47.6% of the total population. There are much fewer representatives of other nationalities, among which Chuvash, Ukrainians and Mari should be singled out. Their share in the total number does not even reach 1%.
Among the religions, the most widespread are Sunni Islam and Orthodox Christianity.
The basis of the city's economy is the petrochemical and engineering industries, but, like in any large center, many other sectors of production, as well as trade and services, are also developed.
Kazan is the largest city of Tatarstan. The photo of this important center in the European part of Russia is located above. As you can see, this settlement has a modern look.
Naberezhnye Chelny - the center of mechanical engineering
Speaking about other cities of Tatarstan, one cannot fail to mention Naberezhnye Chelny. The first settlement here was founded by Russians in 1626. Its original name was Chalninsky repair, but then the village was renamed Mysovye Chelny. In 1930, there was a new renaming, as the city began to be called Krasnye Chelny, which had an ideological connotation. In addition, the village of Berezhny Chelny was located not far away, which in the same 1930 received the status of a city. From the confluence of these two settlements, Naberezhnye Chelny was formed.
The city developed most intensively in the 1960s and 1970s, during the Brezhnev era. It was then that the production of KamAZ trucks was built. From a small town Naberezhnye Chelny turned into the second largest settlement of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic after Kazan. After the death of the General Secretary of the CPSU, in 1982, the city was renamed Brezhnev in his honor. But in 1988 Naberezhnye Chelny got its former name back.
Naberezhnye Chelny is the second settlement in terms of population and area in the region. It occupies an area of 171 sq. km, which housed a population of 526.8 thousand people. Its density is 3080.4 people/1 sq. km. Since 2009, the population of the city has been constantly growing.
Tatars and Russians also live here most of all - 47.4% and 44.9%, respectively. More than 1% of the total number - Chuvash, Ukrainians and Bashkirs. Slightly fewer Udmurts, Maris and Mordovians.
Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city of Tatarstan
Nizhnekamsk has the title of the youngest city in the republic. The regions of Tatarstan cannot boast of a city that was founded later than him. The construction of Nizhnekamsk was planned in 1958. The beginning of the construction itself dates back to 1960.
At present, in Nizhnekamsk, located on an area of 63.5 sq. km, home to 236.2 thousand people, which makes it the third largest city in the region, after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny. The density is 3719.6 people / 1 sq. km.
Tatars and Russians are approximately equal in number and account for 46.5% and 46.1%, respectively. Chuvash in the city 3%, 1% Bashkirs and Ukrainians.
The basis of the city's economy is the petrochemical industry.
Almetyevsk is one of the oldest cities in Tatarstan
But the first settlement on the territory of modern Almetyevsk, on the contrary, was founded relatively long ago. It was originally called Almetyevo, and its foundation dates back to the 18th century. But the status of the city received only in 1953.
The population of Almetyevo is 152.6 thousand people. It is located on a territorial area of 115 sq. km and has a density of 1327 people / 1 sq. km. km.
The absolute majority are Tatars - 55.2%. There are slightly fewer Russians - 37.1%. Then the Chuvash and Mordovians follow in terms of numbers.
Zelenodolsk - a city on the Volga
The foundation of Zelenodolsk differs from the emergence of most other cities of Tatarstan in that it was founded not by Russians or Tatars, but by the Mari. Its original name was Porat, then it was changed to Kabachishchi and Paratsk. In 1928 it received the name Zeleny Dol, and in 1932, in connection with the transformation into a city, Zelenodolsk.
The population in the city is 98.8 thousand people. with an area of 37.7 sq. km, and density - 2617.6 people / 1 sq. km. km. Among nationalities, Russians (67%) and Tatars (29.1%) predominate.
Bugulma - regional center
The regional center of the Bugulma district is the city of Bugulma. The settlement in this place was founded in 1736, and it received the status of a city in 1781.
The population in Bugulma is 86.1 thousand inhabitants. The territory of the city is 27.87 sq. km. Density - 3088.8 people / 1 sq. km. The national composition of the population is dominated by Russians and Tatars.
General characteristics of the cities of Tatarstan
We have studied in detail the largest cities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The largest of them - the capital of the Republic of Kazan, has a population of 1.217 million inhabitants. This is the only millionaire city in the republic. Three more settlements in the region have a population exceeding 100 thousand people.
Most of the population of the cities of Tatarstan are Russians and Tatars. Among other peoples, there are relatively many Ukrainians, Chuvashs, Maris, Udmurts and Bashkirs. The predominant religions are Orthodox Christianity and Islam. In addition, some other religions are common.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Location: in the center of the Russian Federation, on the East European Plain, at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers.
Square: 67,836.2 sq. km.
Capital: Kazan(1,231,878 people).
Population: number - 3,893,800 thousand people (2017), Tatars - 53.2%, Russians - 39.7%.
Administrative-territorial division : 43 municipal districts and 2 urban districts (Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny).
The Republic of Tatarstan consists of districts and cities of republican significance, the list of which is established by the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. Districts consist of cities of district significance, urban-type settlements and rural settlements with territories subordinate to them, which constitute the primary level in the system of the administrative-territorial structure of the republic. Cities of republican significance may be territorially subdivided into districts within the city.
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1) Agryz |
16) Vysokogorsky |
31) Novosheshminsky |
Head of the Republic: President of the Republic of Tatarstan - Minnikhanov Rustam Nurgalievich
Government: Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan. Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan -
Pesoshin Alexey Valerievich
Parliament: unicameral State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan. Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan - Mukhametshin Farid Khairullovich
GOVERNMENT
Since 1990, three major documents have been adopted in the republic: the Declaration on State Sovereignty, the Constitution and the Treaty on the delimitation of jurisdiction and mutual delegation of powers with the Russian Federation. All three documents together constitute not only the legal framework, but also the foundation of the political stability of society, the basis of economic reforms.
On April 19, 2002, the State Council of Tatarstan adopted a new version of the Constitution of the Republic. The Constitution proclaims that a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value, and the duty of the Republic of Tatarstan is to recognize, observe and protect the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. The Constitution of Tatarstan enshrined such principles as universal suffrage, freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, the opportunity to participate in political parties and organizations, etc.
Since June 2000, the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Tatarstan has been functioning in the republic. In 2010, the position of Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Republic of Tatarstan was established.
The Constitution of Tatarstan establishes the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers.
The head of state and the highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan is the President. He heads the system of executive bodies of state power in the republic and manages the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers - the executive and administrative body of state power. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the President. The candidacy of the Prime Minister is approved by the Parliament of Tatarstan at the proposal of the President.
The highest representative and legislative body of state power in the Republic of Tatarstan is the unicameral State Council (Parliament).
Local self-government within its powers independently. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities.
Judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, federal courts of general jurisdiction, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and justices of the peace. Judicial proceedings and office work in courts are conducted in accordance with federal law.
SYMBOLISM
State flag of the Republic of Tatarstan
The national flag of the Republic of Tatarstan is a rectangular panel with horizontal stripes of green, white and red. The white stripe is 1/15 of the width of the flag and is located between equal width stripes of green (cobalt green light) and red (cadmium red light) colors. Green stripe at the top.
The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2.
The author of the State Flag of the Republic of Tatarstan is T.G. Khaziakhmetov.
State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan
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The authors of the State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan are N.G. Khanzafarov (idea), R.Z. Fakhrutdinov (performance).
In the color image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan, the sun is red (cadmium red light), the leopard, its wings and the rosette on the shield are white, the frame is green (cobalt green light), the shield, the ornament on the frame and the inscription "Tatarstan" are golden.
The State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan is an image of a winged leopard with a round shield on its side, with a raised right front paw against the background of the disk of the sun, placed in a frame of a Tatar folk ornament, at the base of which is the inscription "Tatarstan", the wings consist of seven feathers, a rosette on the shield consists of eight petals.
State anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan
http://tatarstan.ru/file/gimnrt.mp3
MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
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GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND CLIMATE
Tatarstan is located in the east of the East European Plain, at the confluence of the two largest rivers - the Volga and Kama, Kazan is located 797 km east of Moscow.
The total area of the republic is 6783.7 thousand hectares. The maximum length of the territory is 290 km from north to south and 460 km from west to east. Tatarstan has no borders with foreign countries.
The territory of Tatarstan is an elevated stepped plain, dissected by a dense network of river valleys. The wide valleys of the Volga and Kama divide the plain into three parts: the Pre-Volga region, the Pre-Kama region and the Trans-Kama region. The Volga region with a maximum height of 276 m occupies the northeastern part of the Volga Upland. The southern ends of the Mozhginskaya and Sarapulskaya uplands, separated by the valley of the Izh river, enter the Eastern Predkamye from the north. The highest heights here reach 243 m. The highest in Tatarstan (up to 381 m) is the Bugulma upland in the Eastern Trans-Kama region. The lowest relief (mainly up to 200 m) is characteristic of the Western Zakamye.
17% of the territory of the republic is covered with forests, consisting of mainly deciduous trees (oak, linden, birch, aspen), conifers are represented by pine and spruce. 433 species of vertebrates and several thousand species of invertebrates live on the territory of Tatarstan.
The territory of Tatarstan is characterized by a temperate continental type of climate in the middle latitudes, with warm summers and moderately cold winters. The warmest month is July with average monthly air temperature over the territory of 18 - 20 °С, the coldest month is January with average monthly temperatures from -13 °С. The duration of the warm period (with a stable temperature above 0 ° C) varies across the territory within 198-209 days, the cold period - 156-167 days. Precipitation is distributed relatively evenly over the territory, their annual amount is 460 - 540 mm.
The soils are very diverse - from gray forest and podzolic in the north and west to various types of chernozems in the south of the republic.
The Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve and the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park are located on the territory of Tatarstan. The Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve is located on the territory of the Zelenodolsk and Laishevsky municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. Two separate sections of the reserve - Saralovsky (4170 ha) and Raifsky (5921 ha) are separated from each other by a distance of about 100 km. The Nizhnyaya Kama National Park is located on the territory of two municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan: Yelabuga and Tukaevsky. On the territory of the park, several land and water tourist routes are planned through forests, as well as water routes along the water area of the reservoir, along the Kame and Kriusha rivers.
POPULATION
3893.8 thousand people live in Tatarstan. The Republic of Tatarstan ranks eighth in Russia in terms of population after the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Rostov regions. In the Volga Federal District, the republic is the second largest in terms of population.
Compared to January 1, 2017, the population increased by 8.6 thousand people, or by 0.2%. In Tatarstan, the share of the urban population as of January 1, 2018 amounted to 76.8%. The leader in terms of the number of inhabitants is the capital of the republic, Kazan.
Tatarstan is one of the most multinational territories of Russia. According to the All-Russian Population Census of 2010, representatives of over 173 nationalities live in the republic, including 8 nationalities whose population exceeded 10 thousand people: Tatars, Russians, Chuvashs, Udmurts, Mordovians, Maris, Ukrainians and Bashkirs. Among the peoples inhabiting Tatarstan, the Tatars prevail in terms of population (more than 2 million people or 53.2% of the total population of the republic). In second place are Russians - more than 1.5 million people. or 39.7%, the third - Chuvash (116.2 thousand people or 3.1%).
ECONOMY
Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia. The republic is located in the center of a large industrial region of the Russian Federation, at the intersection of the most important highways connecting the east and west, north and south of the country.
The Republic of Tatarstan has rich natural resources, a powerful and diversified industry, a high intellectual potential and a skilled workforce.
The Republic of Tatarstan is traditionally among the leading regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the main macroeconomic indicators. In terms of gross regional product, the republic ranks 6th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, agriculture - 3rd, investment in fixed assets - 4th, industrial production and construction - 5th, housing commissioning - 8th, retail trade turnover - 8th.
The volume of the gross regional product of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017, according to estimates, amounted to 2,115.5 billion rubles, or 102.8% in comparable prices compared to 2016. The main contribution to the growth of the economy was made by industrial production, agriculture and trade.
In the structure of the gross regional product of Tatarstan, the share of industry is 43.2%, construction - 9.0%, transport and communications - 6.5%, agriculture - 7.5%.
The industrial profile of the republic is determined by the petrochemical complex (oil production, production of synthetic rubber, tires, polyethylene and a wide range of oil refining products), large machine-building enterprises that produce competitive products (heavy trucks, helicopters, aircraft and aircraft engines, compressors and oil and gas pumping equipment, river and sea ships, a range of commercial and passenger vehicles), as well as advanced electrical and radio instrumentation.
At the end of 2017, the industrial production index amounted to 101.8% compared to the level of 2016, the volume of shipped products reached 2,254.2 billion rubles. In mining, the production index amounted to 101% compared to 2016, in manufacturing - 102.6%, in the provision of electricity, gas, steam; air conditioning - 99.9%, in water supply; water disposal, organization of collection and disposal of waste, activities for the elimination of pollution - 103.9%.
The volume of agricultural production in 2017 increased by 5.2% in comparable prices against the level of 2016 and amounted to 256.1 billion rubles.
The retail trade turnover in 2017 amounted to 843.9 billion rubles, or 102.8% in comparable prices compared to the level of 2016.
The share of small and medium-sized businesses in the GRP of Tatarstan is about 25%.
In 2017, the foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Tatarstan amounted to 16,899.7 million US dollars, including exports - 13,028.7 million US dollars, imports - 3,871 million US dollars.
The average monthly salary of employees at enterprises and organizations of the republic in 2017 increased by 6.2% compared to 2016 and amounted to 32,418.9 rubles. At the end of December 2017, 11.8 thousand unemployed citizens, or 0.58% of the workforce, were registered in state institutions of the employment service.
A network of technology parks is actively developing in the Republic of Tatarstan. CJSC “Innovation and production technopark “Idea”, the industrial site of KIP “Master”, IT-park, technopolis “Khimgrad” are successfully functioning.
A key role in the Kama cluster is assigned to the special economic zone of the industrial production type "Alabuga".
To date, 56 companies have been attracted to the special zone as residents, of which 23 residents conduct industrial and production activities, 16 of them with foreign participation (from the Republic of Turkey - 6, Germany - 4, USA - 3, Denmark - 1, France - 1, Finland - 1).
Today, Alabuga provides residents with such infrastructural opportunities as a developed social infrastructure and ready-made production facilities for rent.
A unique project for the creation of the city of Innopolis is in the stage of intensive development, in which all the necessary local governments have been formed at the moment. Today, Innopolis is 1200 hectares of territory formed within the boundaries of an urban settlement. About 3 thousand people are in the city every day. There are 142 organizations and individual entrepreneurs registered in the city.
HISTORY, CULTURE, RELIGION
Story
The first state in the region was the Volga Bulgaria, created at the turn of the 9th-10th centuries AD. Turkic tribes. In 922 Islam became the state religion. In 1236, Bulgaria became part of the empire of Genghis Khan, and then became part of the Golden Horde, as a result of the collapse of which a new state arose - the Kazan Khanate (1438). In 1552, the Kazan Khanate was annexed to the Russian state.
In 1920, the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed.
On August 30, 1990, the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic was adopted. In 1994, an Agreement was signed between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan on the delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and mutual delegation of powers between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan, and in 2007 an Agreement was signed on the delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers between state authorities of the Russian Federation and public authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan, which became a kind of "successor" of the 1994 Treaty.
culture
The republic is inhabited by peoples with different historical past and cultural traditions. The combination of at least three types of cultural mutual influences (Turkic, Slavic-Russian and Finno-Ugric) determines the uniqueness of these places, the originality of cultural and historical values.
The fates of many outstanding cultural figures are connected with Tatarstan: singer Fyodor Chaliapin, writers Leo Tolstoy, Sergei Aksakov and Maxim Gorky, Vasily Aksyonov, poets Yevgeny Boratynsky, Gavriil Derzhavin, Marina Tsvetaeva and Nikita Zabolotsky, artists Ivan Shishkin and Nikolai Feshin. The classic of Tatar poetry Gabdulla Tukay, poet-hero Musa Jalil, composers Farid Yarullin, Salih Saidashev, Nazib Zhiganov, Sofia Gubaidulina and many others made the glory of Tatar culture.
Religion
Islam and Orthodoxy are traditional confessions for the republic. Tatars and Bashkirs (that is, about half of the republic's population) profess Islam. Another part of the population: Russians, Chuvashs, Maris, Udmurts, Mordovians - Christians professing Orthodoxy. Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism and other confessions are also represented in Tatarstan.
Maintaining a balance of interests between the two major confessions and the equality of all religions before the law underlies interfaith harmony in the republic.
EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Pre-school, school and vocational education
As of January 1, 2014, there are 1958 pre-school educational organizations for 168.5 thousand places in the Republic of Tatarstan. The coverage of preschool education for children aged 1 to 7 years in the republic is 71.8%. There are 1431 schools with 361 thousand students.
Higher education
On the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, educational activities are currently carried out by 27 educational organizations of higher education, including 17 state, 10 non-state. In addition, there are 49 branches of educational institutions of higher education, of which 27 are state-owned and 22 are non-state. In total, 180,000 people study in higher education institutions located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The science
Tatarstan is rightfully considered one of the leading scientific centers of Russia. The Tatarstan Academy of Sciences and the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences operate in Kazan, the capital of the republic. Fundamental and applied research is being carried out in the republic in advanced areas of science. Scientific schools began to take shape in Kazan in the 19th century. The most famous is the Kazan school of chemists, created under the leadership of N.N. Zinina, A.M. Butlerova, A.M. Zaitsev. The Kazan school of mathematicians also took shape in the 19th century. Its most prominent representative is N.I. Lobachevsky.
Innovation
Currently in Tatarstan there are: Russia's largest special economic zone of industrial-production type "Alabuga", 4 industrial parks, technopolis "Khimgrad", 14 technology parks, IT-park. The sphere of nanotechnologies is a priority for the Republic of Tatarstan.
SPORT
The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the sports leaders among the regions of the Russian Federation.
The widespread creation of conditions for sports, the construction of sports facilities in Tatarstan has become the basis for the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the general population.
For the development of mass cultural work among the population, new forms of promoting a healthy lifestyle are used. Spartakiads are held among students of the republic, among universities and colleges, civil servants and municipal employees, among pensioners and the disabled.
The following are organized annually: Spartakiad of students of the Republic of Tatarstan, School basketball league championship among teams of educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan, republican stages of the all-Russian sports competitions for schoolchildren "Presidential competitions" and the all-Russian sports games for schoolchildren "Presidential sports games", the all-Russian football tournament "Leather ball".Every year mass sports competitions are held in the republic - "Ski Track of Russia" and "Ski Track of Tatarstan", "Cross of the Nation" and "Cross of Tatarstan".
The development of the sports and urban infrastructure of Kazan - the capital of Tatarstan, the largest scientific, educational and student center of the country, was also served by the fact that major international sports projects are being implemented in the republic.
The most significant event in sports life is the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013.For the Universiade 2013, 64 sports facilities were involved, of which 30 are new construction facilities.The largest facilities built specifically for the competition: ffootball stadium "Kazan Arena" for 45 thousand seats,Palace of Water Sports, Atennis academy,Palace of martial arts "Ak Bars" and others.
The sports glory of Tatarstan is multiplied by the victories of such well-known teams as Ak Bars, Rubin, UNICS, Zenit-Kazan, Sintez, KAMAZ-master, Dynamo-Kazan and others.
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Abstract on the topic:
Basic information about the Republic of Tatarstan
1. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the European part of the Russian Federation, at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. The length of its territory from west to east is 460 km, from north to south - 290 km. The area of the republic is equal to 67836.2 km - this is the territory of the island of Sri Lanka, or Belgium and the Netherlands combined. Tatarstan borders on eight regions of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic, the Kirov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk and Samara regions.
2. CLIMATE
The climate of the Republic of Tatarstan is temperate continental with warm long, sometimes hot and dry summers and moderately cold winters. Snow lies for 5 - 5.5 months (from mid-November to early April). The average temperature in January is -14 "C, the average temperature in July is +19 ° C. The amplitude of fluctuations in average monthly temperatures reaches 32-34 ° C, and absolute temperatures - 86 ° C. Average annual precipitation: 430-500 mm.
3. POPULATION
3,780 thousand people live in the Republic of Tatarstan - representatives of 107 nationalities, including Tatars (48.5%), Russians (43.3%), Chuvashs (3.7%), as well as Ukrainians, Udmurts, Maris, Bashkirs, Jews and etc. The Russian population prevails in large cities and nearby areas, the Tatar - in rural areas. The number of economically active population in the Republic of Tatarstan as of January 1, 2000 amounted to 1,780.1 thousand people, or 47.0% of the total population of the republic.
4. RELIGION
More than a thousand religious associations are registered on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The most widespread in the Republic of Tatarstan are two religions: Islam and Orthodox Christianity.
Sunni Islam was adopted as the official religion in Volga Bulgaria as early as 922. At present, a significant part of the Tatars and Bashkirs profess it. Muslims are led by the Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Orthodox Christianity appeared in the middle of the 16th century after the annexation of the Kazan Khanate to the Russian state. The followers of this religion are Russians, Chuvashs, Maris, Mordovians, Udmurts and part of the Tatars (Kryashens). In connection with the schismatics in the ranks of the Orthodox Church on the territory of the republic, along with the Kazan diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Kazan Metropolis of the Russian True Orthodox Church also operates. There are small communities and other areas of Christianity: Old Believers, Catholics, Lutherans, Baptists, Seventh Day Adventists and others. Judaism, Buddhism and Krishnaism are slightly spread.
5. STATE LANGUAGES
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Tatar and Russian languages are recognized as equal throughout the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The Tatar language belongs to the Turkic group of the Altaic family of languages along with Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkish, etc. The Russian language, together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, make up the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic group of the Indo-European family of languages.
6 . STORY
The Republic of Tatarstan has a rich history. The first state in the region was the Volga Bulgaria, created by the Turkic tribes, whose ancestors already had experience of statehood within the framework of the Turkic Khaganate and the Hun state, approximately in the 8th-9th centuries. In 922, it adopts Islam as its official religion, which meant its international recognition and falling under the influence of the Arab Caliphate. Bulgaria was the most politically and economically developed state in the region and played an important role in the life of the peoples of the region. The country was the first in Europe to smelt iron. In addition to metallurgy, jewelry, leather industry, culture, science and education were developed. The unity of the country, the presence of regular armed forces and well-established intelligence allowed her to resist the Mongol invaders. Only on the fourth attempt in 1236, with superior forces, did they manage to break the resistance of the Bulgars, but even after that, the Mongols needed to maintain a huge garrison in order to pacify the rebellious land.
Bulgaria becomes an ulus within the Golden Horde, and the local dynasty remains in power, as in the Russian principalities. The exit was secured in 1438 with the formation of the Kazan Khanate.
The relations of the Kazan Khanate with Moscow were very difficult. Constant wars, raids by robbers and interference from the Russian neighbor weakened the country. The strengthened Russian state was able to capture Kazan in 1552, although it took more than a dozen years to break the resistance of the people.
Kazan becomes one of the most important industrial and cultural centers of Russia, and in 1708 - the center of a huge province. After the October Revolution, in accordance with the new state national policy, the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR) was created in 1920.
Almost since 1922, the Tatar elite began to make efforts to achieve the status of a union republic. In one form or another, this issue was discussed before the adoption of the Constitution in 1937, during the years of the "Khrushchev thaw", and in the process of developing the Constitution of the USSR in 1977, proposals were even prepared to transform Tatarstan into a union republic.
The difficult internal situation in the Soviet Union and the processes of change that had begun had a direct impact on the position of the republic. On August 30, 1990, the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan was adopted, and on June 12, 1991, Mintimer Sharipovich Shaimiev was elected the first President of the Republic of Tatarstan. On November 6, 1992, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tatarstan, following a referendum in which 61.4% of citizens supported the idea of sovereignty, adopted the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, a key provision appeared on the state-administrative status of the Republic of Tatarstan - as a sovereign state associated with the Russian Federation on the basis of the Treaty on the delimitation of jurisdiction and mutual delegation of powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan. On February 15, 1994, the Treaty "On the delimitation of jurisdiction and mutual delegation of powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan" was signed in Moscow, which became an important milestone on the path to building a new democratic federation.
7 . BIG CITIES
Tatarstan belongs to highly urbanized regions: the share of the urban population is 73.6%. There are 20 cities and 21 urban-type settlements in the republic. Large cities are Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Almetyevsk, Nizhnekamsk, Zelenodolsk.
Naberezhnye Chelny is located in the northeastern part of Tatarstan on the banks of the Kama. The city is one of the mono-industrial ones - almost the entire population is somehow connected with the city-forming enterprise: the Kama Automobile Plant (JSC "KamAZ"), which produces heavy vehicles and components for them. Nizhnekamsk HPP supplies electricity to the city and the entire economic region.
The international airport "Begishevo" serves the entire north-east of the republic.
Nizhnekamsk arose during the construction of a petrochemical plant in 1961. The city is one of the largest centers of the country's petrochemical industry. The main producers are OAO Nizhnekamskneftekhim, OAO Nizhnekamskshina, and the Elastic plant.
Almetievsk is the largest center of oil production in Tatarstan. This is where the Druzhba oil pipeline begins, through which Tatarstan exports oil. The largest enterprise in the region is OAO Tatneft (oil and associated gas production). The Almetyevsk Oil Institute plays an important role in training personnel for the main industry of the republic.
Zelenodolsk is an important transport hub in the west of the republic. The products of the shipbuilding plant located in the city, as well as the production association "Plant named after Sergo", are in demand far beyond the borders of Tatarstan.
8 . CULTURE
Historical and geographical factors determined the location of Tatarstan at the junction of two major civilizations: eastern and western, which largely explains the diversity of its cultural wealth.
The Tatar people keep the centuries-old traditions of their ancestors - the Bulgars, who managed to achieve a high level of cultural development, combining Turkic roots and Arab influence, due to the adoption of Islam in the 10th century. This became the basis on which the entire Tatar culture subsequently developed. Literature occupies a special place in the life of the Bulgars and modern Tatars. The traditions founded in the 13th century by the poet Kul Gali were continued by Mahmud Gali, Saif Sarai and Mukhamedyar. Speaking about the outstanding cultural figures of the Tatar people of the 19th-20th centuries, one cannot but mention the names of G. Tukay, K. Nasyri, Sh. Marjani, G. Kamal, F. Amirkhan, R. Nureyev, B. Urmanche, G. Ibragimov, G. Iskhaki, M. Jalil. On the territory of the republic there are 7 historical complexes: Bulgarsky, Bilyarsky, urban ensembles of Kazan, Yelabuga, Chistopol, Sviyazh-ska, Raifa Monastery.
The greatest interest for the guests of Tatarstan is the capital of the republic - the city of Kazan, which has a thousand-year history. All architectural buildings of modern Kazan belong to the period from the second half of the 16th to the 20th century. More ancient history can be judged from archaeological excavations. The main attraction of the city is the Kremlin - the current residence of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan. It harmoniously combines the Annunciation Cathedral, the architectural symbol of the city - the Syuyumbike tower, the restored shrine of the Tatar people - the Kul-Sharif mosque. Other sights of Kazan include the building of the Kazan State University (1825), the Azimov Mosque (mid-19th century), the Peter and Paul Cathedral (1723-26), the Mardzhani Mosque (1766).
Theaters
Currently, there are 12 professional theaters in Tatarstan, including 7 in Kazan. The Tatar State Opera and Ballet Theater named after M. Jalil, which has been operating since 1939, enjoys the greatest popularity in the republic and abroad. It annually hosts international festivals of opera (named after F.I. Chaliapin) and classical ballet (named after R.Nureyev) with the participation of famous masters of the world stage. The traditional trips of the theater troupe around Europe brought him international fame and popularity.
The Tatar State Academic Theater named after G. Kamal is known for its productions of the classics of Tatar dramaturgy: N. Isanbet, G. Kamal, F. Yarullin, T. Minnullin and others. His tours in Moscow and countries with a large Tatar diaspora have already become traditional.
Kazan Academic Russian Bolshoi Drama Theater named after V.I. Kachalova is a regular participant in international theater festivals and is greatly loved by Kazan citizens and guests of the capital.
Museums
There are 88 state and over 300 departmental museums in Tatarstan that help to learn the history and culture of the region.
The State United Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan has been operating since 1894. Its exposition was based on the materials of the scientific and industrial exhibition of 1890 and the collection of the collector A. Likhachev. The museum tells about the nature of the region and its history from ancient times.
The Museum of Fine Arts, established in 1959 on the basis of the State Museum's Picture Gallery, displays more than 21,000 works of painting, drawing, sculpture and applied art. Among them are works by Rembrandt, Dürer, K. Bryullov, I. Aivazovsky, V. Perov, I. Kramskoy, A. Savrasov, I. Shishkin, A. Kuindzhi, I. Levitan, I. Repin, V. Vereshchagin, V. Serov , N. Roerich, N. Feshin, B. Urmanche and others.
The geological museum of Kazan State University has a rich collection of meteorites, minerals and crystalline rocks of the Urals and Siberia.
The Ethnographic Museum of Kazan State University tells about the life of the peoples of different parts of the world. It also presents materials collected by I. Simonov during the round-the-world Antarctic expedition of Bellingshausen - Lazarev.
The museum-apartments of M. Jalil, N. Zhiganov, the museums of E. Boratynsky, A. Gorky, B. Urmanche, S. Saydashev in Kazan, Y. Gashek in Bugulma, I. Shishkin, M. Tsvetaeva may also be of interest to guests of Tatarstan and cavalry girl N. Durova in Yelabuga.
9 . EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Tatarstan is a region with a powerful educational and scientific potential. The education sector employs 170,000 people. Secondary 9-year education is compulsory and free. In total, there are 2,434 general education schools in the republic, in which about 600,000 students study. More than 90% of children who have received the educational minimum established by law continue their education at school for 2 years or in secondary specialized educational institutions.
Tatarstan is known for the high level of development of academic, university and industrial science. For two centuries its capital Kazan has been one of the leading scientific centers of Eastern Europe. World-famous schools of mathematicians, chemists, astronomers, physicists, orientalists, linguists and physiologists appeared here. Names of N.I. Lobachevsky, N.N. Zinina, A.M. Butlerova, A.E. Arbuzova, E.K. Zavoisky, V.V. Radlov, K. Fuchs, Sh. Marjani and K. Nasyri entered the history of world science.
During the Great Patriotic War, Kazan scientific schools made a huge contribution to strengthening the country's defense capability, closely cooperating with the USSR Academy of Sciences, which was evacuated to Kazan.
Kazan is one of the oldest educational centers in Russia. There are more than 30 higher educational institutions in Tatarstan (including 16 state ones), most of which are concentrated in Kazan. Four Kazan universities (Kazan Financial and Economic Institute, Kazan State University named after V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin, Kazan State Technological University, Kazan State Technical University named after Tupolev) are among the top fifty universities in Russia.
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan on September 30, 1991 established the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (ANT). Since the establishment of the ANT, there has been a constant process of replenishment of its ranks, and the organizational structure has been improved. Currently, ANT has 32 full members, 52 corresponding members and 10 honorary members. The Academy has seven departments uniting biologists, physicians, lawyers, mathematicians, physicists, power engineers, and chemists. The range of their research is very wide and is aimed at solving urgent scientific, technical, socio-economic, humanitarian and cultural problems facing the republic at the present stage of development. Many developments of the Academy's scientists are carried out at the level of the latest achievements of world science and technology and are recognized by the wide scientific community. Most of the research is practical.
It has become a good tradition to strengthen ties between the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan and scientific institutions in Russia, CIS countries and far abroad. The Academy closely cooperates with the Russian Academy of Sciences (primarily through the Kazan Scientific Center), the academies of sciences of Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Tajikistan, research centers in Turkey, France and others countries with which 21 contracts and 5 agreements on scientific cooperation are concluded. The Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan established and annually awards the State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan for science and technology, five nominal prizes (named after Sh. E.K. Zavoisky (together with the Kazan Institute of Physics and Technology of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and KSU) and in chemistry - named after A.E. and B.A. Arbuzovs (together with the Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, KSC RAS).
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The vast territory of Tatarstan is conditionally divided into three geographical zones: Pre-Kama, Pre-Volga and Trans-Kama. Each of these areas has its own characteristics of the soil, such as composition, structure, fertility indicators.
Soil is the surface layer of our planet. It consists of sand, clay, humus, minerals and other components. Depending on the presence of substances, as well as their percentage, various types are distinguished. The variety of landscapes from picturesque meadows to dense taiga or huge arable land is primarily due to the composition that is suitable for certain plants.
Clay and heavy loamy soils prevail in the Republic of Tatarstan. Their territory occupies more than 80% of the total. Small sandy areas are found only in the northern part. With annual plantings, soil compaction occurs over time and its granularity decreases. This leads to a deterioration in the conductivity of moisture to the roots. The thermal regime is disturbed, erosion begins under the influence of external factors.
In general, the soil cover of the republic is represented by various types in the following ratio: 41.1% chernozem, 33.6% gray forest, 7.2% sod-podzolic and brown-gray, 3.4% sod-calcareous.
Soil fertility in Tatarstan
The map shows the division of the territory according to soil fertility (percentage of humus) in different areas.
The soils of Tatarstan are considered highly fertile due to the high content of humus. The weather conditions typical for this area (smooth temperature changes, periodic change in the season of precipitation and drought) favorably affect humus formation. A distinctive feature of humus here is a shortened profile. Its depth is about 30 cm in gray forest soils, and no more than 65 cm in the chernozem zone. Due to this, there is a decrease in the biological activity of the fertile layer.
Prekamye
The area is also called Forest Zavolzhye. From the south it is bounded by the Kama River, and from the southwest by the banks of the Volga. The nature of the Predkamye is represented mainly by broad-leaved forests. Maples, lindens, oaks predominate here. Now 64% of the space is occupied by gray forest soil types, 20.7% are sod-podzolic, 10.4% are floodplain. These species formed on the upper slopes of the watershed plateaus. On the rest there are semi-marshy soils, ravines, steep slopes. That is, the natural massif of the Pre-Kama region is mainly composed of gray species. Scientists believe that earlier the landscape of the Trans-Volga region was represented not only by broad-leaved forests. Trees appeared as a result of the release of carbonate rocks closer to the surface, which created favorable conditions for the growth of maple, elm, and oak. Before that, there were many huge meadows in the Fore-Kama region. The southern and western expanses of the valleys were covered with grass, interspersed with trees and shrubs. Such a landscape is called forest-meadow or forest-steppe. This part of the region is more prone to erosion than others. The surface of destruction is already about 40% of the entire massif.
Volga region
About half of the Volga region is covered by forest-steppe soils. The rest is gray (32%), podzolized and chernozem. The uplands are characterized by sod-podzolic and light gray. They account for 12% of the land. In the lowlands, closer to the water, there are marsh and floodplain massifs.
According to the natural features of the Volga region, two geographical regions can be clearly distinguished in its expanses. They differ in moisture content, hydrogeological parameters, erosion properties. The most fertile place in the region is considered southwest side, where there is a lot of leached chernozem. About 80% of fertile lands are located here, and only 20% are occupied by gray forest, swamp, semi-bog and floodplain.
In the northeast of the Republic of Tatarstan the situation is different. Chernozem occupies only 30% of the area. Gray, dark gray, sod-podzolic soils predominate here (57 percent).
The rest of the area is characterized by swamp, floodplain, and semi-bog types. But, despite the difficulties of growing crops, the plowing area in the Volga region is quite high. In the south of the republic, up to 85% of the space is used for agricultural purposes.
Zakamye
From the north, the Volga region is washed by the waters of the Kama, and in the west it adjoins the Kuibyshev reservoir. Forest-steppe soils predominate in the uplands, while the lowlands are occupied by chernozems.
Western region The Trans-Volga region is predominantly occupied by leached chernozem, ordinary chernozem, and chernozem with an admixture of carbonates. In total, they occupy more than 65% of the entire soil of the site. 32.5% falls on the forest, which are represented by gray and dark gray types. Broad-leaved tree species grow in these areas. And only 1.2% covers the southern taiga forest, which is characterized by the presence of soddy-podzolic soil. In the Trans-Volga region there are also floodplain and swampy places, but their number is insignificant.
Another situation on the Kama-Belskaya plains e. On its surface, forest soils occupy one of the leading positions. They cover about 40% of all lands. Among them, most of them belong to areas with gray, dark gray and light gray. The remaining lands are marked in brown and brown-gray. Marsh and semi-marsh make up almost 15%. The second vast part of the region lies under the black earth massifs. They are also approximately 50% of the total area.
The southeast of Tatarstan is known for its developed agricultural lands. Here 87% of the land is occupied by chernozem soil covers. There are also leached, and carbonate, and ordinary chernozems. Small pieces of the forest type, mostly gray and light gray, are also actively cultivated for household needs.
Chernozems have good fertile qualities. Due to the high concentration of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, they contribute to efficient metabolic processes. Such a composition has economic value. But in recent decades, there has been a persistent trend towards an increase in the area of land subject to erosion. There are ravines and other areas where it is no longer possible to plow and grow grain. Agrotechnicians attribute this fact to the fact that too few natural green areas fall on a high proportion of arable lands. This causes increased levels of erosion as the land is exposed to water and wind. It takes two to three centuries to form 1 cm of soil. And it breaks down much faster. Therefore, without special measures, it is difficult to stop the loss of useful properties.
Studies of soil samples show a decrease in their humus content, which negatively affects the development of agricultural activities. The criterion by which the condition is judged is "normal yield". This value is equal to the number of cereals harvested per square meter under average weather conditions during the season.
Despite this, the level of plowing of land continues to be quite high. The area of agricultural land is 77%. Half a century ago, this figure was 82%.
Analysis of the research data and unfavorable forecasts of the state of the soil for the next few decades forced the government of Tatarstan to take serious measures to conserve resources. To begin with, the most valuable types were taken under protection. A list of measures was compiled to increase fertility and protect it from increased erosion. Some of the fields were withdrawn from agricultural use and transferred to the status of fodder lands. Basically, these are slopes, where the properties have already deteriorated significantly. Another point of the program is the increase in the area of forests, new plantings of trees and shrubs on the former arable land.
An increase in soil density was also noted, which also negatively affects crop yields. In such soil, microbiological processes are significantly slowed down, oxygen access to the roots is blocked or limited, and harmful components accumulate.
There is an active fight against water erosion. To slow down the process of destruction of the layers, dams and water-retaining shafts are built. Industrial production and quarries for mining have a negative impact. The construction of new buildings, roads, factories takes up large areas, which cannot but cause the destruction of natural soil resources.
Not the last role in the destruction is played by chemicals for treating plants and increasing yields. On the arable lands of the Republic of Tatarstan, a large amount of pesticides and agrochemicals has always been used. And we are talking not only about the processing of plants in the fields. Tatarstan has a large number of warehouses for industrial agricultural chemicals and places for their disposal. In 2010, more than 70 tons of pollutants were removed from the region, which are no longer subject to use. From the burial was carried out on a huge landfill allocated for this purpose. Thus, the task of preserving the natural resources of Tatarstan was partially solved.
Instead of chemicals, it was decided to develop a new biomethod that is safe for the soil cover. New plant protection products contain only natural components, the penetration of which into the soil does not harm its composition.
At the moment, an annual assessment of the environmental situation related to the state of the soil in the territory of the republic is carried out. This is necessary for the conservation of natural massifs and the timely implementation of comprehensive measures to improve their composition.
Russia is not only a large country, but also the only power in the world, which includes twenty-two republics. Each of them actively interacts with the Russian government, but retains its sovereignty. The Republic of Tatarstan occupies a special place in the history and economy of our country. Today we will tell you about it.
Russia, Republic of Tatarstan: general characteristics
Tatarstan lies practically in the heart of the Russian Federation. The entire territory of the republic is located within the borders of the East European Plain, where the Volga and Kama meet in its most fertile place. And they, as you know, are one of the largest rivers in Europe. The capital of Tatarstan - the city of Kazan, located at a distance of seven hundred ninety-seven kilometers from Moscow, is considered one of the most beautiful and largest cities in the country.
Republic of Tatarstan: area and territories
The area of the Republic of Tatarstan is 67,836 square kilometers. If we consider this area as part of the Russian Federation, then this is less than one percent of the total territory of our country.
Almost the entire republic is located in the zone of plains and steppes, a little more than ninety percent of the territories lie at an altitude of two hundred meters above sea level.
About eighteen percent of the total area of Tatarstan is occupied by forests, deciduous trees prevail. Coniferous forests make up only five percent of the total number of "green lungs" of Tatarstan. More than four hundred species of various animals live on the plains and in the forests of the republic.
Tatarstan: a brief historical background
On the territory of the modern republic, people built settlements from about the eighth century BC. A little later, the state of the Volga Bulgars was formed here. In this area, they constituted the main population.
Tatarstan, or rather its territory, in the fifteenth century went to the Kazan Khanate, which a hundred years later became part of the Muscovite state. Only in the twenties of the last century the name of the state was transformed into the Tatar ASSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the name "Republic of Tatarstan" appeared in official documents.
Kazan is the most beautiful city in the republic
In every country, the capital is the most beautiful city. Therefore, it is not surprising that from the first visit to Tatarstan Kazan will become your all-encompassing love. This city amazes tourists with a unique combination of architectural historical monuments and modern buildings that fit perfectly into the appearance of the capital of Tatarstan.
Every year the flow of tourists seeking to visit Kazan is increasing. For example, last year this amazing city was visited by more than two million people. For several years now, the capital of the republic has occupied a leading position in the list of the most popular cities where you can spend the New Year holidays. In addition, Kazan has the official status of "the third capital of Russia." All this, combined with the extraordinary beauty of the city and the hospitality of its inhabitants, is enough to attract the attention of tourists to the capital of the former Kazan Khanate.
Republic of Tatarstan: population
Tatarstan is a densely populated republic. According to the latest data, the population is 3,885,253 people. The annual natural increase of the citizens of the republic is 0.2%, this figure allows Tatarstan to hold the eighth place in the Russian Federation in terms of population.
The average life expectancy has been at around seventy-two years for several years. This is the highest limit in the last thirty years. The favorable situation within the republic is evidenced by a figure characterizing how the population is replenished. Tatarstan is a country where the birth rate is kept at a consistently high level. For every thousand people, twelve new citizens are born. Sociologists predict that by 2020 the population of the republic will cross the border of 5,000,000 people.
Tatarstan: population density
The population density of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to 2017 data, is 57.26 people per square kilometer. These are the national averages. Most of the citizens of the republic live in cities, which very clearly characterizes Tatarstan. Kazan accommodates more than forty-five percent of the total population of the country.
Only twenty-four percent of the republic's citizens live in rural areas.
Ethnic composition of the former Kazan Khanate
On the whole territory of Russia there is no such multinational state as Tatarstan. According to the latest data, more than one hundred and fifteen nationalities live here, and all this is a historically developed population. Tatarstan has served as a haven for numerous ethnic diasporas since time immemorial. This policy turned out to be very advantageous for the state, because all peoples are united and there have never been conflicts on the basis of interethnic hostility in the country.
Now eight nationalities live in the state, which in their number exceed ten thousand people, among them are Russians, Maris and Tatars. The most numerous include the following nationalities:
- Tatars - more than two million people;
- Russians - about one and a half million people;
- Chuvash - one hundred twenty-six and a half thousand people.
In percentage terms, Tatars make up fifty-two percent of the total population, Russians - thirty-nine and a half percent of the inhabitants, and Chuvashs, respectively, are three percent of the citizens of Tatarstan.
Religious preferences of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan
The largest confessions in the republic are Orthodoxy and Islam. Approximately fifty percent of the population is Muslim, predominantly Tatars and Bashkirs. Almost forty-five percent of the citizens of Tatarstan consider themselves Orthodox. According to opinion polls, representatives of Catholicism, Judaism and other religious movements live in the country. At the legislative level, the balance of two major confessions is fixed in the republic.
Economic development of Tatarstan
The economy of Tatarstan is one of the most developed in the Russian Federation. It ranks sixth in the country in terms of production. The petrochemical industry plays an important role in the republic. In Tatarstan, they are engaged not only in oil production, but also in its processing, which brings significant funds to the state budget and raises its authority among the subjects of the Russian Federation.
The share of mechanical engineering in the industrial complex of the country is large, which attracts foreign investments to the republic. According to data for the past year, Tatarstan cooperated with one hundred and thirty world powers, and imports and exports were approximately the same percentage.
From the first decade of this century, the Republic of Tatarstan began the reorganization of the housing stock. For six years, more than three hundred thousand square meters of housing has been put into operation in the country. At the same time, the construction of satellite cities of Kazan and the construction of sports and entertainment facilities at the federal level began. This brought Tatarstan to a new level in the international sports arena, which, in turn, gives the republic's budget additional funds directed to the development of the region's economy.
Economists have long been pleased with the monthly increase in the production of the republic, equal to 0.1%. If this trend continues, then in a few years Tatarstan will completely overcome its dependence on the oil industry, which over the past year has shown itself to be extremely unstable. All other subjects of the Russian Federation dependent on this industry have significantly reduced their economic growth. The republic very far-sightedly directed the received investments into the development of the chemical industry, having managed with its help in the end to cover the current budget deficit.
Despite the fact that inflation in the republic is slowly but steadily growing, the standard of living in Tatarstan remains consistently high. The Republic is one of the five regions of Russia with the highest standard of living. Now it occupies the fourth place, losing to the permanent leaders of the list - Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Moscow region.
The Republic of Tatarstan can be attributed to the most unique subjects of the Russian Federation. Sociologists and economists predict rapid growth for the region in the near future, which will bring the republic to a completely new level of development.
