Any communication is based on the use of certain rules that help it (communication) acquire the color of literacy, coherence, culture and intelligence. These rules include speech etiquette with its various formulas.

There are predetermined words, phrases or expressions that are constantly used in conversation. Such "blanks" are called formulas of speech etiquette. Regardless of the status of the interlocutor (boss or neighbor) and the duration of the conversation (just find out the way or chat for another hour), the conversation consists of three parts:

1. Starting a conversation (greeting/acquaintance). A banal beginning is expected to be followed by a primitive conversation, and, on the contrary, an interesting beginning suggests an interesting conversation. Which formulas (phrases) you will choose for greeting depends on the interlocutor (his gender, age, status) and the situation. Speech etiquette does not strictly regulate greetings or introductions. In this case, examples of speech etiquette are quite diverse. When meeting, you can focus on the emotional side: “Hello, how glad I am to see you!”, Or you can say hello quite restrained and politely - an elementary “Good afternoon / evening!”. The greeting should be adequate to the situation, in the evening no one says: "Good morning." An appropriate greeting should be used depending on the gender or social status of the interlocutor. The most universal greeting is the neutral expression "Hello!" or "Greetings!". It is a polite and democratic form of greeting suitable for everyone.
2. The main part (the very essence of the conversation). To gain a reputation as a good conversationalist, stick to the golden rule. It consists in a clear presentation of the topic: "He who thinks clearly, he clearly states." Which speech etiquette formulas you use depends on the goals of this conversation (request, offer, notification, order ...).
3. The final part of the conversation (farewell). When saying goodbye, according to the rules of speech etiquette, you can either just say goodbye or arrange the next meeting. When saying goodbye, wishing health or “All the best” works great. But to say "Let's call!" not worth it if the interlocutors are more than sure that this will not happen. In this case, it would be better to just say "Goodbye."

The specifics of speech etiquette formulas

The forms of speech etiquette include words or phrases that are used by people in communication, taking into account the specific situation and national characteristics. It is known that each country has its own etiquette of communication, behavior and lifestyle in general. Therefore, if you are going on a trip, you should at least get a little acquainted with the culture of the country you are going to visit. Greeting, farewell, request, invitation, as well as other forms of speech etiquette, have many options. For example, when meeting a friend, you can easily say “Hello!”, And with an unfamiliar person, familiarity should not be allowed in any way.

Russian speech etiquette has specific communication formulas, since national traditions and cultural heritage are of great importance and influence among Russians. For example, Russians shake hands when greeting each other (but it is customary for the French to kiss on the cheek). Also, it is not customary for Russians to talk about those present in the third person (he, she) - this is considered bad form, and sometimes an insult. There are few personal pronouns in our language, but their importance in Russian speech etiquette is very high. The choice between "you" or "you" is critical. Have you ever heard corrections like: “Refer to me on “You!”, Or “Don't “poke” me, please!”? With this remark, the interlocutor expresses dissatisfaction with the disrespectful attitude towards him. On "you" it is customary to refer to a loved one, in an informal setting or when communication is familiar. But “You” is ideal in a formal setting, with strangers, with those who are older than you, when referring to the opposite sex. "You" is the simplest, easiest, and arguably most effective way to show respect.

Examples of speech etiquette formulas

Let's look at some examples of well-known forms of speech etiquette. For example, the speech etiquette of a request. The request, as a form of appeal, has its own requirements. It should be clearly stated in a delicate and affirmative way. For example: "It will not make it difficult for you to help me ...", "Do me a favor, ...", "I want to ask you about ...". Remember that you are asking the interlocutor, not he you. If you want to get a response to your request, state it as politely but confidently as possible. Believe me, the answer to the request, voiced in a simple accessible form, will not keep you waiting.

In conclusion, I would like to say that speech etiquette in our country is simply replete with a variety of words. There is only one rule - you need to clearly understand where, how and under what circumstances you can use certain words. There is a proverb: "Keep silent and pass for a smart one." If there is no complete confidence in the correctness of the use of certain words or phrases (especially in other countries), it is better to use generally accepted, often used universal phrases. This way you will always be on top.

We live in a beautiful country, among educated and intelligent people. To feel among them "one's own", you need to study the culture of communication and rules of conduct. Well, in society it’s clear, but do we need to apply the rules of speech etiquette, say at home? You know, yes! Even double! Being a literate, cultured, highly educated person is a way of life, not a mask put on for a couple of hours.

The concept and factors of speech etiquette

In a broad sense, speech etiquette performs a regulatory function in the process of communication (for example, communication by age status, youth or professional norms).

In a narrow sense, speech etiquette is a semantic field of the functional type of a polite behavior model in the following acts of communication: appeal, acquaintance, gratitude, request, apology, etc.

The richness of the synonymic series of units of speech etiquette is due to the contact of communicants with different social characteristics during different social interactions.

Factors taken into account in speech etiquette:

• Pragmatic, a unit of etiquette, in which a speech act takes into account the principle of politeness and cooperation;
• Linguistic, differentiates the unit of etiquette as a word, phrase, correctly pronounced from the point of view of the language;
• The stylistic factor delimits the forms of communication among the public, generations, partners, etc.;
• Culturological, considers speech etiquette as an integral part of folk culture and norms of behavior inherent in a given territorial community.

Rules and requirements of speech etiquette

There are two types of communication rules:

• Forbidding - rules of conduct in a closed system of communication (in an organization, in a family, in a team, etc.);
• Advisory - the rules of verbal communication in an open system of communication (in society, at cultural events, etc.).

At the same time, requirements, prohibitions and recommendations are formed for the culture of speech behavior.

Speech requirements include:

1. Correctness and purity of pronunciation in accordance with the literary norms of the language;
2. Accuracy of speech in terminology and professionalism;
3. Relevance of speech in the choice of tone and style of communication;
4. Communication and expediency avoiding rudeness, tactlessness and unclear pronunciation;
5. The ethics of communication, taking into account the rules of treatment, consent and praise.

Speech prohibitions to avoid a conflict situation and improve communication comfort include:

1. The ban on tonality (neglect, lisping);
2. Prohibition of expressions (rude, insulting);
3. Prohibition of gestures (intimidation, resentment);
4. Voice ban (stuttering, illegibility).

Commandments of communication and special cases

The main commandments of successful and productive communication, the main provisions of speech etiquette:

• Avoid verbosity and speech monotony;
• Speak simply, clearly, accessible;
• Know why and what to talk about;
• Know how to find a common language with every person;
• Politeness is the basis of success in any sphere of human life;
• Learn to listen.

Special cases of applying the rules of etiquette:

1. Establishing contact is associated with ethical and kind treatment of others. The main word in this case should be “hello”, “greeting”, “good afternoon / morning / evening”. To attract attention, the use of phrases is allowed: “let me turn”, “sorry”, etc.
2. Appeal to the opponent. It is now considered more appropriate to address by name and patronymic, the position held. It is not allowed to indicate the personal characteristics of the communicant - his gender, age, faith, and others;
3. Completion of the contact should leave a positive impression of the narrator. It is considered important not only to politely say goodbye, but also to leave words of gratitude, a warm atmosphere for further cooperation or dialogue.

A person's speech is a very important characterological feature; it can be used to determine not only the level of education, but also the degree of his responsibility and discipline. Speech betrays his attitude towards other people, himself, his work. Therefore, any person who wants to achieve success in communicating with other people needs to work on his speech. The rules of speech etiquette, a summary of which each of us learns in childhood, contribute to a better understanding between people and help establish relationships.

The concept of speech etiquette

Etiquette is a set of norms and rules of conduct, usually an unwritten code that each person learns along with culture. Compliance with the rules of speech etiquette is usually not required by anyone to be executed in order or in writing, but they are mandatory for anyone who wants to establish relationships with other people. Speech etiquette prescribes the desired verbal design of typical communication situations. Nobody invented these rules intentionally, they were formed in the course of human communication over millennia. Each etiquette formula has its roots, functions and variants. Speech etiquette, etiquette rules are a sign of a well-mannered and polite person and subconsciously tune in to a positive perception of the person using them.

History of occurrence

The word "etiquette" in French came from Greece. Etymologically, it goes back to the root, meaning order, rule. In France, the word was used to refer to a special card on which the rules of seating and behavior at the royal table were written. But in the time of Louis the Fourteenth, the very phenomenon of etiquette, of course, does not arise, it has a much more ancient origin. The rules of speech etiquette, a summary of which can be described by the phrase "successful communication", begin to take shape when people had to learn to build relationships and negotiate with each other. Already in ancient times, there were rules of conduct that helped interlocutors overcome mutual distrust and establish interaction. So, the code of good behavior is described in the texts of the ancient Greeks, Egyptians. Etiquette rules in ancient times were a kind of ritual that prompted interlocutors that they were “of the same blood”, that they did not pose a threat. Each ritual had a verbal and non-verbal component. Gradually, the original meaning of many actions is lost, but the ritual and its verbal design are preserved and continue to be reproduced.

Functions of speech etiquette

A modern person often has a question about why the rules of speech etiquette are needed? Briefly, you can answer - to please other people. The main function of speech etiquette is to establish contact. When the interlocutor follows the general rules, this makes him more understandable and predictable, we subconsciously trust what is familiar to us more. This has been going on since primitive times, when the world around was very unguaranteed and danger threatened from everywhere, the observance of rituals was then extremely important. And when a communication partner performed a familiar set of actions, said the right words, this removed some of the distrust and facilitated contact. Today, our genetic memory also tells us that a person who follows the rules can be more trusted. The rules and norms of speech etiquette perform the function of forming a positive emotional atmosphere, helping to have a beneficial effect on the interlocutor. Speech etiquette also acts as a means of demonstrating respect for the interlocutor, helps to emphasize the status distribution of roles between communicators and the status of the communication situation itself - business, informal, friendly. Thus, the rules of speech etiquette are a tool Part of the tension is removed by simple etiquette formulas. Speech etiquette as a formal part of ethics performs a regulatory function, it helps to establish contacts, influences people's behavior in typical situations.

Types of speech etiquette

Like any speech, etiquette speech behavior is very different in its written and oral form. The written variety has more stringent rules, and in this form, etiquette formulas are more mandatory for use. The oral form is more democratic, some omissions or replacement of words with actions are allowed here. For example, sometimes instead of the word “Hello”, you can get by with a nod of your head or a slight bow.

Etiquette dictates the rules of behavior in certain areas and situations. It is customary to distinguish several different types of speech etiquette. Official, business or professional speech etiquette defines the rules of speech behavior in the performance of official duties, in negotiations, in the preparation of documents. This view is rather highly formalized, especially in its written form. The rules of Russian speech etiquette in formal and informal settings can be very different, the first signal of the transition from one type of etiquette to another may be the change of appeal to “you” to the appeal to “you”. Everyday speech etiquette is more free than official, there is a large variability in key etiquette formulas. There are also such varieties of speech etiquette as diplomatic, military and religious.

Principles of modern speech etiquette

Any rules of conduct come from the universal principles of morality, and speech etiquette is no exception. The golden rule of speech etiquette is based on the main moral principle formulated by I. Kant: act towards others as you would like to be treated towards you. Thus, polite speech should also include such formulas that the person himself would be pleased to hear. The basic principles of speech etiquette are relevance, accuracy, brevity and correctness. The speaker must select speech formulas in accordance with the situation, the status of the interlocutor, the degree of acquaintance with him. In any case, you should speak as briefly as possible, but do not lose the meaning of what was said. And, of course, the speaker must respect his communication partner and try to build his statement in accordance with the rules of the Russian language. Speech etiquette is based on two more important principles: goodwill and cooperation. A polite person treats other people with an initial attitude of kindness, he must be sincere and friendly. Communicators on both sides should do everything to make communication productive, mutually beneficial and enjoyable for all participants.

Etiquette situations

Etiquette regulates behavior in various situations. Traditionally, speech differs significantly in official settings and in everyday life, as well as in different forms of its existence: in written or oral. However, there are general rules of speech etiquette in various speech situations. The list of such cases is the same for any spheres, cultures and forms. Standard etiquette situations include:

Greetings;

Attracting attention and appeal;

introduction and introduction;

Invitation;

Sentence;

Request;

Gratitude;

Refusal and consent;

Congratulations;

condolences;

Sympathy and consolation;

Compliment.

Each etiquette situation has a stable set of speech formulas that are recommended for use.

National features of etiquette

Speech etiquette is based on universal, universal moral principles. Therefore, its basis is the same in all cultures. Such universal principles, characteristic of all countries, include restraint in the manifestation of emotions, politeness, literacy and the ability to use standard speech formulas appropriate to the situation, a positive attitude towards the interlocutor. But the private implementation of universal norms can vary significantly in different national cultures. Variation usually manifests itself in the speech design of a standard situation. The general culture of communication affects the national speech etiquette. The rules of etiquette, for example, in Russian, involve maintaining a conversation even with strangers if you happened to be with them in a confined space (in a train compartment), while the Japanese and the British will try to remain silent in the same circumstances or speak on the most neutral topics. In order not to get into trouble in communicating with foreigners, you should, in preparation for the meeting, familiarize yourself with their etiquette rules.

Contact situation

The basic rules of speech etiquette at the beginning of a conversation are related to the speech design of greetings and appeals. For the Russian language, the main greeting formula is the word "hello". Its synonyms can be the phrases “greeting you” with an archaic connotation and “good afternoon, morning, evening” are more sincere compared to the main wording. The stage of greeting is one of the most important in establishing contact, the words should be pronounced with sincere intonation, with notes of positive emotionality.

The means of attracting attention are the words: “let / allow me to turn”, “forgive”, “sorry” and adding an explanatory phrase to them: representations, requests, suggestions.

Treatment situation

Appeal is one of the difficult etiquette situations, as it can be difficult to find the right name for the person you need to address. In the Russian language today, the address “mister / madam” is considered universal, but in speech they still do not always take root well due to negative connotations in Soviet times. The best treatment is by name, patronymic or by name, but it is not always possible. Worst option: handling the words "girl", "woman", "man". In a situation of professional communication, you can refer to the name of the position of a person, for example, “Mr. Director”. The general rules of speech etiquette can be briefly described as the desire for the comfort of communicants. In no case should the appeal indicate any personal characteristics (age, nationality, faith).

Contact termination situation

The final stage in communication is also very important, the interlocutors will remember it and you need to try to leave a positive impression. The usual rules of speech etiquette, examples of which we know from childhood, recommend using traditional phrases for parting: “goodbye”, “see you”, “goodbye”. However, the final stage should also include words of gratitude for the time spent on communication, perhaps for joint work. You can also additionally express hopes for continued cooperation, say parting words. Speech etiquette, rules of etiquette recommend maintaining a favorable impression at the end of contact, creating an emotional atmosphere of sincerity and warmth. This is helped by more stable formulas: “It was very pleasant to talk with you, I hope for further cooperation.” But formulaic phrases must be pronounced as sincerely and with feeling as possible, so that they acquire a true meaning. Otherwise, farewell will not leave the desired emotional response in the memory of the interlocutor.

Introduction and dating rules

The situation of acquaintance requires a solution to the issue of treatment. Business communication, contacts with unfamiliar people imply an appeal to “you”. According to the rules of speech etiquette, “you” is only possible within the framework of friendly and everyday communication. The presentation is made out with such phrases as “let me introduce you”, “get acquainted, please”, “let me introduce you”. The presenter also gives a brief description of the represented: “position, full name, place of work, or some particularly noteworthy detail.” Acquaintances must, in addition to voicing their name, say positive words: “pleased to meet you”, “very nice”.

Rules for congratulations and thanks

Modern rules of speech etiquette in Russian offer a fairly large range of formulas for From simple "thank you" and "thank you" to "infinitely grateful" and "much grateful." It is customary for a great service or gift to add an additional positive phrase to the words of gratitude, for example, “very nice”, “I am touched”, “you are so kind”. There are a lot of formulas for congratulations. When composing a congratulation on any occasion, it is worth considering individual words, in addition to the usual “congratulations”, which would emphasize the peculiarity of the occasion and the personality of the person being honored. The text of the congratulations necessarily includes any wishes, it is desirable that they are not stereotyped, but correspond to the personality of the hero of the occasion. Congratulation should be pronounced with a special feeling that will give the words great value.

Rules for invitation, offer, request, consent and refusal

When inviting someone to take part in something, you should also follow the rules of speech etiquette. The situations of invitations, offers and requests are somewhat similar, in which the speaker always slightly lowers the status of his role in communication and emphasizes the importance of the interlocutor. The stable expressions of the invitation is the phrase “we have the honor to invite”, which notes the special importance of the invitee. For invitation, offer and request, the words “please”, “be kind”, “please” are used. In the invitation and the proposal, you can additionally say about your feelings for the invitee: “we will be glad / happy to see you”, “we are happy to offer you”. Request - a situation in which the speaker deliberately lowers his position in communication, but you should not overdo it, the traditional design of the request is the words: “please”, “could you”. Consent and refusal require different speech behavior. If consent can be extremely concise, then the refusal must be accompanied by mitigating and motivating wording, for example, “unfortunately, we are forced to refuse your offer, because at the moment ...”.

Rules of condolence, sympathy and apology

In dramatic and tragic etiquette, the rules of etiquette recommend expressing only sincere feelings. Usually regret and sympathy should be accompanied by encouraging words, for example, "we sympathize with you in connection ... and sincerely hope that ...". Condolences are brought only on really tragic occasions, it is also appropriate to talk about your feelings in them, it is worth offering help. For example, “I bring you my sincere condolences in connection with ... this loss caused me bitter feelings. If necessary, you can count on me."

Rules of approval and praise

Compliments are an important part of establishing a good relationship, these social strokes are an effective tool for establishing a good relationship. But giving compliments is an art. What distinguishes them from flattery is the degree of exaggeration. A compliment is just a slight exaggeration of the truth. The rules of speech etiquette in Russian say that a compliment and praise should always refer to a person, not to things, so the words: “how does this dress suit you” is a violation of the rules of etiquette, and the real compliment will be the phrase: “how beautiful you are in this dress". It is possible and necessary to praise people for everything: for skills, character traits, for the results of their activities, for feelings.

It's done! Your boss has invited you to a dinner party. Finally, you have the opportunity to see many significant people there, and it is possible to make influential acquaintances. It would seem that you have nothing to worry about - in which hand to hold the fork and spoon, you have long learned how to behave at the table, too, and in general, you are prepared according to all the rules of etiquette. However, there is one caveat - your speech and ability to conduct small talk can leave a bad impression of you. The thing is that in the Russian language there is also etiquette, only speech.

Russian speech etiquette is the rules and norms of communication, formed under the influence of national culture. Their main principle is politeness and respect for the interlocutor. It is also worth remembering where and how to apply speech etiquette. Different countries have their own rules of polite communication, but if you are not abroad, you must follow the rules of treatment in Russian speech etiquette.

The main thing is that your speech should correspond to the situation in which the communication takes place. Two directions can be decisive in choosing the form of speech. First, the setting is formal or informal. Secondly, it matters to which person your speech is addressed. Here it is worth considering his gender, age, the degree of your acquaintance with the interlocutor, his personal merits and social status. It's also worth remembering who to greet first if you're meeting a lot of people you already know at a meeting. So who do you greet first?

• the man greets the woman first;
• if a woman is much younger than a man, then she is obliged to greet him first;
• the same goes for all other cases. If an older and a younger meet, the younger is always the first to greet the older;
• the junior in position also greets the senior in position;
• a member of a delegation is always the first to greet its leader;

Formulas of Russian speech etiquette

Features of Russian speech etiquette are certain words, phrases and set expressions. They are applied in three stages of a conversation: at the beginning of a conversation, or acquaintance, the main part of the conversation and the final part of the conversation. For competent interaction of all three stages, as well as for the use of norms and rules of communication, the formulas of Russian speech etiquette are used. Basic formulas, such as a polite greeting or gratitude, are learned from childhood. With age, speech etiquette acquires more and more subtleties. Consider speech formulas used in different situations:

1. Starting a conversation, greeting:

• health wishes: hello;
• use of meeting time: good afternoon, good evening;
• emotional greeting: very happy;
• a respectful greeting is my respect.

2. The main part of the conversation. The formulas of this part of the conversation are used depending on the event during which the communication takes place. This may be a festive meeting, or a sad event associated with the loss of loved ones or other unfortunate events. It also includes conversation in a normal everyday environment.

Forms of communication in a festive atmosphere are of two types - this is an invitation to the event itself and congratulations if you have already come to the holiday.

1. Invitation: come, we will be glad, let me invite you, I invite you, can I invite you.
2. Congratulations: I congratulate you with all my heart, accept our congratulations, let me congratulate you, we congratulate you on behalf of the team.
3. Sad events. At events bearing a shade of sorrow and sadness, it is necessary to use forms expressing sympathy and condolences: accept my condolences, I offer you sincere condolences, I grieve with you, I heartily condole with you, let me express my deepest condolences, I sincerely sympathize with you, hold on.
4. Everyday work environment. Communication with superiors and colleagues includes a lot of features of speech etiquette. It can be requests, compliments, advice and thanks. Also, in a working environment, one cannot do without refusals and consents to the requests of the interlocutor:

• advice: I would advise you, let me suggest to you, I would like to offer you, let me give you advice;
• request: if it does not complicate you, I earnestly ask you, do not take it for work, can I ask you;
• gratitude: thank you very much, I express my gratitude to you, let me thank you, I am very grateful to you;
• compliment: you are a great conversationalist, you look great, you are an excellent organizer;
• consent: ready to listen to you, please, do not mind, do as you see fit;
• refusal: I am forced to refuse you, I am unable to help you, I cannot fulfill your request.

3. End the conversation. Depending on how the conversation proceeded, parting with the interlocutor can take different forms.

With whomever we communicate, wherever we are, we should obey certain rules. For example, the rules regulate traffic, behavior in public places, school, at a business meeting or at a party. Written and oral speech also have their own rules, the absence of which would not allow for a competent and polite conversation. Comprehension by people of the basic rules of speech etiquette, which makes it possible to make communication pleasant and understandable for interlocutors, occurs even in childhood. Through various situations and observation of others, people learn rules of behavior accepted in society.

Why is speech etiquette important?

In our fast-paced time, we have to increasingly visit people, communicate on a variety of topics and make new acquaintances. A modern person becomes more free in terms of communication, often forgetting about the elementary rules of decency and tact, which is unacceptable. Compliance is just as important as other types of etiquette, because it will allow you to better understand people and successfully conduct any dialogues with them. In addition, by the way a person communicates, one can judge the degree of breadth of his soul, education and positioning himself in society. D. Likhachev very accurately noted in his time, saying the following: “Our speech is the most important part not only of our behavior, but also of our soul, mind.”

In any society, it is customary to observe rules of behavior and pay special attention to the culture of speech. But in order to master it, it is necessary to have a clear idea of ​​what the concept means. Russian. It is a system of linguistic signs, as well as the rules for their use, which are accepted in society. All this is necessary in order to establish verbal contact between the people leading the conversation and maintain communication in an emotionally positive tone, regardless of external circumstances. Using certain words and expressions that are able to reflect the national specifics of verbal politeness, a person can fulfill the task assigned to him - in the most tactful and helpful way to convey to the interlocutor the meaning of his words.

What does the concept of speech situation mean?

For a speech situation to arise, certain conditions must be met. The main element of the speech situation is the appearance of the speaker and the listener. The second point is the presence of a topic of conversation (what will be discussed). The third condition is the presence of interlocutors in a certain space and time (where/when). And finally, the presence of the motive of the speech action (why) and the goal (why the opponents started this conversation) is necessary. All this can be done by using a special code - language. Proper management of it will allow you to achieve the location of the listeners, form a positive impression of the speaker in them and arouse interest in continuing the conversation. The use of etiquette formulas and the manifestation of politeness are a necessary condition for culture. Politeness and etiquette- the concepts are very close and manifest as a benevolent attitude towards others. The use of verbal and non-verbal courtesy signs is etiquette, the rules of which are not only possible, but must be required to be observed by everyone.

The most famous and commonly used are the following rules of speech etiquette :

• greetings;
• acquaintance;
• thanks;
• apology;
• approval/compliment;
• farewell;
• sympathy / condolences;
• wishes;
• invitations;
• requests;
• conducting a telephone conversation.

During communication with each other, people try to convey certain information: to communicate something, to convey the meaning of their words to the interlocutor, to encourage something, to ask or give advice. To cope with the task, they resort to performing speech actions. But before you start exchanging information, you should enter into verbal contact with a person. This must be done in accordance with certain rules. Many do not notice them, because they have become familiar. But their violation is noticeable immediately. For example, the address of the seller to the buyer on "you" is perceived by the latter as the height of tactlessness. You can talk about disrespect if one of the acquaintances did not say hello at the meeting. From the outside, a person’s unwillingness to thank someone for help, service rendered, etc. looks ugly. And people who systematically do not admit their mistakes or do not apologize at all seem ignorant.

imposes a number of restrictions and prohibitions on emotions, foul language during communication and conversation in raised tones. This is not only ugly, but it can also be perceived ambiguously by others. There are many forms of rudeness. We are talking about arrogance, arrogance, arrogance, insult, the use of offensive words, etc. A manifestation of impoliteness can be considered:

• choosing an inappropriate expression for a particular situation or for an interlocutor (he greeted the young teacher with the phrase “Hello!”);
• non-compliance with the rules of speech etiquette (when leaving the bus, the person did not apologize, squeezing through the crowd);
• insulting the interlocutor by using rude words (sit down here, put on yourself).

You should not be like a rude person and engage in verbal polemics. it is not welcome. It is important to address the person correctly and as politely as possible and put him in his place. An opponent who is familiar with the rules of etiquette will calm down and admit that he was wrong. In this case speech etiquette will be the best and most effective means that will allow you to remove verbal aggression.

Golden rules for arguing and defending your point of view

Since the conversation has turned to controversy, discussions, debates, it is worth knowing that there are those that allow such a conversation to be conducted in a polite manner. It is not at all necessary to enter into a passionate argument, proving something to your opponent and accompanying your speech with active gestures and a loud voice. Do you want to be heard? - Speak quieter! So says folk wisdom, proven for centuries. Really. Politicians who often appear on television and respond to provocative questions or objections from opponents rarely allow themselves to behave outside the rules of etiquette. It is easy to get a person out of himself, but to control oneself and correctly respond to the comments of opponents is the duty not only of public people, but also of each of us. You don't have to act like you're at war. A conversation, whatever it may be, is primarily a process of interaction between two or more people seeking to show respect for each other. Lack of desire to rise above the interlocutors and competent speech are signs of a polite and tactful person. These qualities increase the degree of trust in such people, help to keep the conversation on the same wavelength, achieve the goal and effectively transfer information.

Expressiveness of speech, compliance with the rules of speech culture are signs of a cultured and educated person. The main task of any of us is not only the ability to apply the necessary etiquette formulas and observe Russian speech etiquette but also the improvement of speech. Must comply etiquette in any situation, develop oral speech, master communicative tactics and strategies to prevent and extinguish conflicts. Language is the most powerful means of communication, which is a system of signs and rules accepted in society. Know basicsspeech culture and to be able to apply them in practice is the duty of every citizen.