They got their names from the village of Biryulyovo. At one time, several versions were made about the origin of this name, one of which produces it from spillikins - toys that were allegedly made here. But in reality, Biryulyovo owes its name to the family of small service people of the Birylyovs. This is confirmed by the fact that in the XVII century. it was called Birilev.
The first documented owners of the village were the Pleshcheevs. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, the village of Birilevo, Raslovlovo also, on the river Dry Gorodenka (obviously, this was the name of the Gorodnya River, which had not yet absorbed tributaries in its upper reaches), was in the estate of Ivan Vasilyevich Pleshcheev, who inherited after his father and uncles. Then it consisted of the landowner's yard, in which the clerk and "business" people lived, and one yard of beans. In 1646, under the next owner, Alexei Andreevich Pleshcheev, seven peasant households and 13 people were already recorded here.
In 1709, the village “Biryulyovo, Roslovo, too, on the river Dry Gorozhenka (in other documents there are also the names Dry Comb, Dry Sarzha. - Auth.), on the left side of the Great Serpukhov Roads” was owned by stolniks Alexei Lvovich and Ivan Nikiforovich Pleshcheev. Each of them owned a yard of an estate, where their "business" people lived. There were also: a peasant yard with 5 souls, which belonged to the first, and two peasant yards with 6 souls, which were owned by another owner.
According to the General Land Survey, the village of Biryulyovo, with 74 male souls, located on the right bank of the river, belonged to the Life Guards Second Major Peter Alekseevich Tatishchev (a famous Freemason) and lieutenant Alexander Alekseevich Pleshcheev.
In 1812, Princess Natalya Petrovna Dolgorukova was the mistress of Biryulyov: then nine of her peasants went into the people's militia. Not far from the village on the Serpukhov road was the first postal station, 17 versts from Moscow.
In the middle of the XIX century. the village was owned by the princes Obolensky. Then 36 men and 37 women lived in it. In 1853, Princess Obolenskaya sold part of her possessions to the bourgeois Romanova. According to the data of 1884, in the village of Biryulyovo, Zyuzinsky volost, there was one summer cottage of the owner and 18 households, in which 108 people lived. There were two taverns and 5 yards with 30 inhabitants at the post station.
In 1899 there were 25 households and 149 people in the village. They owned 125 hectares of land. 22 people from 10 households were engaged in various crafts. The village was characterized as horticultural, with almost the same number of plantings of potatoes and grain crops, preserving the three-field area, having good mowing, and also containing large reserves of clay in its land, used for brick production.
At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The Paveletskaya railway was built, and on it, about four versts from the village, the Biryulyovo station was built, which received its name from the village. Under her rule, a settlement was formed in 1900.
Initially, it consisted of 11 residential buildings, several barracks and a large number of barracks for workers serving the railway and their families. Initially, there were about 200 workers. There was a tea shop and a third-rate tavern of a certain Zolotov, as well as a cemetery with a chapel (on the site of the current Biryulyovskaya St. Nicholas Church). Soon a railway school appeared here.
In 1920, the population of the village was already 1600 people, there were 145 households with 340 residential apartments, and a village council was created, the first chairman of which was Sadkov Pyotr Vasilyevich.
Since 1911, near the station there was a chapel in the name of Alexander Nevsky, which in 1922 was replaced by a wooden St. Nicholas Church. However, the church burned down two years later. After the fire, local authorities forbade it to be restored. Then, according to local legend, walkers were sent to V.I. Lenin, who lived in nearby Gorki, and the leader of the proletariat, allegedly before his death, gave the necessary permission. In any case, the temple continued to operate throughout the years of Soviet power. In 1956, the temple burned down again. Divine services were resumed 10 days later in the priest's house, and the following year, a wooden church was again built on the site of the burnt one. In 1959 it was expanded to 100 sq. m. meters. To the east of the altar is the grave of the first priest of the church, Father Nikolai, and the schema-nun Seraphim, a blind soothsayer who lived in Biryulyovo. There was a cemetery near the church, which was demolished by excavators in 1978, and now there is a square.
In 1926, in the village of Biryulyovo, there were 2 thousand inhabitants, 152 households, 300 residential apartments, in which a total of 550 families lived. On May 21, 1928, by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Biryulyovo was classified as a workers' settlement.
The beginning of industrialization in the country led to a massive outflow of peasants to industrial centers. Biryulyovo did not bypass these processes either. At the station, a wagon depot, a locomotive repair depot were opened, a brick factory was built, and a grain base (elevator) was laid. All this led to a rapid increase in the population of the village. By 1939, 12 thousand inhabitants already lived in Biryulyovo. All these changes have led to an acute shortage of housing.
In addition to the village of railway workers, there was also a holiday village near the station. With the growth of the population in Biryulyovo, the dachas began to be nationalized and populated with newcomers. By 1930, this reserve was completely exhausted, and in order to solve the housing crisis, it was necessary to start mass construction of wooden barracks (judging by the building numbers, there were at least 400 of them). But even such housing was not enough, and transport workers began to be settled in freight wagons, "cars", adapting them to family housing. The newly emerged "shanghai" began to be called the settlements of the PHR (villages of unskilled workers). The situation was further complicated by the fact that since 1935, due to the reconstruction of Moscow that had begun, the population of the nearest suburbs of Moscow began to grow due to Muscovites who were evicted from the center of the capital. The evicted were given compensation, which was enough only to purchase housing in the suburbs.
In order to somehow resolve the housing crisis, the state allowed the construction of private sector houses. Land for construction was given under a contract with subsequent payment. As a result, on the outskirts of the village, the farms Pozharka, Pcholka, Novaya Pcholka, Staraya Pcholka arose.
In the local newspaper “Leninsky Put” for 1938, about the achievements in the field of Biryulyovo construction, it was said: “The laying of a railway line from Biryulyovo to the coke plant (Vidnoe) has begun ... a new store, a shop, a post office have been built ... During the years of Soviet power a new workers' settlement has grown. Over the past year, 300 new houses were built, a secondary school, an outpatient clinic, 3 shops, houses for the workers of the Kalinin factory, for the workers of the Ordzhonikidze factory, a 2-storey house for teachers, two 2-storey houses for workers of the unit and workers of the village, water supply ... ".
In 1939, a two-story building of school No. 13 was erected in the village, and in 1940 a water supply system (5 km) and a pedestrian bridge over the railway were built. Before that, there were great difficulties with water supply, for water they went to the station to the column. Then they dug 3 wells, and drinking water was only in one, called "holy". When the wells sank, they were replaced with columns.
As for the village of Biryulyovo, in 1926 its population was 241 people, who lived in 43 households, which had 195 hectares in land use. Later, the New Life collective farm appeared here.
After the war, the village grew more and more. By 1959, its population numbered 21.5 thousand people. In 1960, these lands were included in. Since 1971, the demolition of houses began here, in their place modern multi-storey buildings have risen. Some of the old buildings left from the village are still preserved. Many of the street names of the village were transferred to the newly built streets of different districts. The memory of him is recorded in the names of two districts and.
Zagorye
On the territory of the modern once there was a small village Zagorye. The origin of the name of the village is not exactly established. Apparently, it got its name due to the fact that it was located on the most elevated part of this area, and if you move towards it from the center, you may well get the impression that it was located, as it were, “beyond the mountains”.
The first documentary mention of Zagorye dates back to the first half of the 17th century. Judging by the census book of 1646, as well as the boundary book compiled on November 18, 1675, Andrei Timofeevich Plemyannikov, a representative of a family of poor service people, owned the village of Zagorye. According to the description of 1709, "the village that was the village of Zagorye on the river on Zhuravenka" was owned by his son, the stolnik Grigory Andreevich Plemyannikov. In the village, the yard of the estate where the clerk lived, the cattle yard and two peasant yards are marked. Three empty courtyards are also marked. The compilers of the document carefully recorded the reason for the desolation of each of them: the owner of one lived “behind poverty” with his uncle, the other went on the run, and the third was taken as a soldier.
In the middle of the XVIII century. Zagorye belonged to Pyotr Petrovich Kurbatov, adviser to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. “Economic Notes” of 1766 describe this estate as follows: “The village of Zagorye of Peter Petrov, son of Kurbatov. 21 courtyards, 40 male souls, 52 female souls. Under the villages - 9 acres 1735 fathoms, arable land - 71 acres 123 fathoms, hay mowing - 6 acres 129 fathoms, forest - 70 acres 2069 fathoms, uncomfortable land - 4 acres 2245 fathoms. In total 162 tithes 1516 fathoms. On the right bank of the Zhuravenka River, the manor's house is wooden and has a garden with fruit trees, clay soil, bread and mowing, a construction forest of spruce, wood, pine, birch and oak, peasants on arable land (i.e. on corvée. - Auth. )".
In the early 1780s, in the hands of Empress Catherine II, the village of Chernaya Gryaz (later) and three-quarters of the village of Bulatnikova, adjacent to Zagorye, were owned. These two villages were connected by a direct road only five miles long, but the village of Zagorye was wedged between them. The empress began to think about combining the two parts of her estate into a single whole, and in March 1781 the steward Tsaritsyna V.Ya. Karachinsky received "an order from Her Imperial Majesty to trade ... from Prince Trubetskoy in the village of Bulatnikovo, the fourth part, as well as from Pyotr Petrovich Kurbatov, the villages separating the village of Tsaritsyno from the village of Bulatnikov." In response to an offer to sell his property, P.P. Kurbatov put forward his own conditions, as it becomes known from the relevant document:
“A note to my sovereign Vasily Yakovlevich Karachinsky on March 8, 1781. To your question about the sale of my village Zagorye near Moscow, I open myself in a friendly way:
1. It does not mean much in itself, but in the discussion of its location, forests, groves in several places planted, one can consider it pleasant for an exit close to the city.
2. With great joy I will see her belonging to the village of Tsaritsyno, if only she was pleasing to connect Tsaritsyn with Bulatnikov, reprimanding, however, courtyard people with whom it would be regrettable for me, and for them with me, it would be sad or impossible to say directly.
3. I can’t say anything about the price, and you can’t be unaware of how much you can get for the forest and groves if I wanted to sell them on the spot, but you yourself know how little varnish I have for money. Yes, and what do I need in them, if in my old age, I would not have such a village close to the city, for frequent trips in the summer and along the same Serpukhov road, which I sometimes go to my remote village.
4. There are economic villages near here, but they are large. The village of Pokrovskoye, and to it the small village of Kotlyakovo, almost treeless, which have under them one undivided dacha, but it may seem inconvenient to separate them. Away there is one more palace village, standing apart and distant from the palace villages - Chertanovo.
5. Even if several and more souls appeared in it against my village, but it seems that in this case it is possible to consider it a little, for the reprimanded yard souls to withdraw an equal number. For a special honor to myself happiness when my village connects Tsaritsyno with Bulatnikov.
However, the empress quickly lost interest in Tsaritsyn, and the negotiations ended in nothing.
In the 30-40s of the XIX century. Zagorye belonged to Princess Maria Alekseevna Khovanskaya, the sister of Ivan Alekseevich Yakovlev, who was the father of the famous publicist Alexander Ivanovich Herzen. Niece Natalya Alexandrovna Zakharyina (illegitimate daughter of M.A. Khovanskaya’s brother, Alexander Alekseevich Yakovlev) lived with the princess. Subsequently, she became the wife of A.I. Herzen. More than 50 of her letters have survived, sent from 1834 to 1837 from Zagorye to Vyatka, where her future husband was exiled. In them, she described the delights of this wonderful corner of the Moscow region.
Our information about the subsequent owners of the estate is rather fragmentary. In the middle of the XIX century. Zagorye belonged to Alexander Vladimirovich Soimonov, the nephew of the famous composer A.A. Alyabyeva. From the documents of the 1860-1880s, the names of two more owners of the estate are being clarified. On July 30, 1862, a charter was drawn up, issued by Z.Ya. Smirnov. The file of 1879-1884 has been preserved. about the redemption of land by peasants from Z.Ya. Smirnova and S.A. Ivanova.
At the end of the XIX century. almost all the families of Zagorye were engaged in crafts - women mainly made cigarette cases, men worked as artel workers, cart drivers, worked in tinsel and tinkering factories. It is the latter that explains the fact that although according to the data of 1889 there were 112 inhabitants in Zagorye, only 28 men and 52 women permanently lived here. Such a low percentage of the available male population was caused by the work of men on the side.
As for the estate, from the end of the XIX century. until the revolution of 1917, it belonged to the Krestovnikov family.
The well-known merchant family of the Krestovnikovs came from the peasants of the Kostroma province, and they themselves were members of the Moscow merchants since 1826, when the founder of the family, Konstantin Kuzmich Krestovnikov, appeared in Moscow. He had seven sons, the eldest of whom was Alexander. In 1847, the latter married Sofya Yurievna Miliotti, and in 1855 their son Grigory, the future chairman of the Moscow Exchange Committee, was born. After graduating from Moscow University in the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, in the early 90s of the XIX century. became the head of the Factory Association of the Krestovnikov brothers on shares. Later, on his initiative, the "Partnership of the Moscow Mechanical Plant", the first enterprise in Russia for the manufacture of looms, was created. At the beginning of the XX century. G.A. Krestovnikov was a member of the Moscow City Duma, chairman of the board of the Moscow Merchant Bank (at that time one of the largest financial institutions in Russia), but most of all gained fame as chairman of the Moscow Stock Exchange Committee (1906-1915) and a member of the State Council. Being well versed in issues of national importance, G.A. Krestovnikov was one of the few professional orators in the State Council who were listened to. For his great social and political activity, he received the nobility (since 1910) and the rank of real state councilor. Grigory Alexandrovich was married to Yulia Timofeevna Morozova, the daughter of the famous industrialist T.S. Morozov, whose brother was the famous Savva Timofeevich Morozov.
It was not possible to establish exactly when the Krestovnikovs became the owners of the Zagorye estate. This probably happened in the mid-1980s. In any case, there is evidence that in 1887 G.A. Krestovnikov ran a telephone line there. Officially, the estate was registered in the name of Yulia Timofeevna, as evidenced by the entry in the reference book of 1911. At that time, there were 21 yards in the village. The main occupation of the peasants was gardening. Grigory Alexandrovich's uncles also had their dachas in the neighborhood.
In total, the Krestovnikovs had four two-story houses in Zagorye. One of them was built specifically for the parochial school, opened in 1890 and under the care of the Krestovnikovs. At the beginning of the XX century. It was taught by two teachers. Children were taught literacy here, and lace craft courses were opened for girls and then for adults. The goal was to give peasant women a profession that brings a good income. The trustee of the lace workshop was the daughter of G.A. Krestovnikova Maria Grigorievna List.
This family left a good memory in Zagorye - the Krestovnikovs landscaped ponds, laid out regular and landscape parks, planted rare varieties of lilacs, and various types of trees. Fish were bred in the ponds. Wells were also dug. According to the memoirs of the old-timers, one of them was in the center of the village, and all the inhabitants went to this well for drinking water. There was a gazebo next to it. From Zagorye to Tsaritsyn, the Krestovnikovs built a highway, named after them Krestovnikovsky (the current streets). Grigory Alexandrovich Krestovnikov died in 1918. Yulia Timofeevna lived until 1920.
The Zapadnoye Biryulyovo district is part of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow. The municipality covers an area of 8.5 sq. km, and almost 88 thousand people live here.
History of Biryulyovo West: from past to present
History of the West Biryulyovo district began in 1960, after Moscow grew significantly due to the annexation of the surrounding rural settlements, including the village of Biryulyovo. After 10 years, the village was completely destroyed, and multi-storey residential buildings began to be actively erected on its territory. Over time, the village was divided into two independent administrative units: Western and Eastern Biryulyovo.
The first settlements on the territory of Western Biryulyovo appeared in ancient times. However, historians have not been able to determine the exact dates. According to official documents, the history of this area began in the 17th century. It was then that the first information about the village of Birilevo, which belonged to the aristocratic Pleshcheev family, appeared in the archival chronicles. At first, the village was small, but over time, its population began to grow rapidly.
The active development of the village began in the 19th century. By that time, Birilevo already bordered on the territory of Moscow, and therefore the village experienced an influx of new residents who sought to settle closer to the Russian capital.
West Biryulyovo: the path from a small village to a big metropolis
Regarding the name of this area, historians do not know exactly why the settlement received such a name. There are several versions, but the most popular option is that toys were made on the territory of the village - spillikins, after which the village was named. Another version says that the local lands were under the control of Prince Biryulkin for a long time, who, by special order of the tsar, changed his surname to Biryulev.
According to historical chronicles, by the time the October Revolution began, about 200 people lived in the village. All of them served the railway, which passed through the village and connected Moscow with Ryazan and Tambov. After the victory of socialism, the load on the railway increased markedly, since the industrial development of Russia fell on this period. This led to a sharp jump in the population of the village.
In 1920, 1,600 people already lived in Biryulyovo, and at the start of the Great Patriotic War, the population of the village exceeded 15,000 people. During the war, the village was badly damaged by enemy air raids, but at the end of hostilities, Biryulyovo was quickly restored.
History of West Biryulyovo is closely connected with the history of Moscow itself, especially during the period of active development of industry. According to historians, the land in the village was black from the smoke of locomotives. As modern statistics show, the difficult environmental situation in Biryulyovo has survived to this day.
Given the fact that Zapadnoye Biryulyovo has been actively built up since 1970, there are practically no special sights associated with the history of this place. Among the most interesting and significant places in the region are:
- Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. This wooden temple was built in 1924 on the site of a previously destroyed church. It is noteworthy that the construction of the temple fell on the period when religion was oppressed in every possible way by the Soviet leadership. Given this fact, we can say that the wooden church in Biryulyovo is considered a real architectural monument of Soviet temple building;
- house number 1 on Medynskaya street. This residential building is known for its decoration, which was created by the artist Dmitry Bochkarev, who lives there. Each floor of the building is decorated in its own individual style. For example, the first floor is dedicated to the Middle Ages, while the second one immerses the viewer in cosmic motifs;
- School square. This is one of the most popular holiday destinations in West Biryulyovo. The park area has excellent infrastructure. In particular, the sidewalks are equipped with modern gravel and lighting fixtures. The park has several playgrounds and benches for rest.
: 55°35′00″ s. sh. 37°39′00″ E d. / 55.58333° N sh. 37.65000° E d./ 55.58333; 37.65000(G) (I)
Story
Biryulyovo village
The village of Biryulyovo (the first documentary mention in the 17th century) was located on the territory of the modern districts of Chertanovo Central and Chertanovo South. In some sources, it is confused with the village of Biryulyovo, which arose in 1900 4 km from the village, arguing that in 1971 mass development of the modern districts of Biryulyovo East and Biryulyovo West began from it. This cannot be true due to its location.
Biryulyovo village
On the site of the territories now part of the Biryulyovo West and Biryulyovo Vostochnoye districts, in 1900 a settlement was formed near the Biryulyovo-Passenger station, also called Biryulyovo.
Streets
Population and statistics
Industry
Health, education, culture and sports
There are 3 polyclinics (1 children's, 2 adults), 7 secondary schools, 16 kindergartens, a branch of the instrument-making technical school in the district. Among the objects of culture and sports are two libraries, an indoor skating rink (Youth Sports School No. 5 "Penguins"), a swimming pool and the House of Culture "Druzhba".
Religion
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Biryulyovo
There is one active Orthodox church in the area, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Church address: Bulatnikovskiy proezd, 8A; rector - Archpriest Vitaly (Togubitsky). The first church on this site was built at the railway school in 1911, consecrated in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky in 1912. In 1924, the temple was liquidated, a wooden church was built nearby, consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. On March 1, 1956, the temple burned down. The current building was built in 1957. Until 1978, there was a cemetery near the church. The church is part of the Danilovsky Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The Orthodox Center for Education of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker operates at the temple, where all levels of education are available: from preschool to complete secondary, as well as additional education. Center address: Bulatnikovskiy proezd, 16, building 3.
Transport
Railway transport
Residents of Biryulyovo are delivered to the center of Moscow, to the Paveletsky railway station, in 25-30 minutes by electric trains of the Domodedovo motor-car depot. In the area are the Biryulyovo-Passenger platform and the Biryulyovo-Tovarnaya station (both equipped with turnstiles) of the Paveletsky direction of the Moscow Railways. Due to the lack of a subway, rail transport occupies a leading position.
Underground
According to the master plan of Moscow, the construction of the metro in the area was planned for 2023-2025, but, after the expansion of Moscow in 2012, the construction period was shifted to 2035. The Biryulyovskaya metro line will start from the Kashirskaya station of the big ring, pass through the Biryulyovo-Tovarnaya station, the intersection of Kharkovskaya and Medynskaya streets, the Bitsa platform of the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railways and go to TiNAO.
Bus routes
There are 11 bus routes in the area:
| route number | Destination 1 | Passing through stations | Destination 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | "Krasnogvardeyskaya" 02 10 | "Teply Stan" 06 | |
| 160 | Kharkivsky proezd | "Southern" 09 | |
| 256 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoye (annular) | Biryulyovo-Passenger | Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| 296 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | "Southern" 09 | |
| 297 | (annular) | Biryulyovo-Passenger | Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| 635 | Varshavskaya 011A | Pokrovskaya | Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| 671 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | "Kaluga" 06 | |
| 708 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | Pokrovskaya | "Southern" 09 |
| 770 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | (No) | Stupinsky passage |
| 796 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | 16th microdistrict Chertanova | |
| 828 | Pokrovskaya | Rossoshanskaya street ( "Street Academician Yangel" 09 ) |
Speed train
The high-speed tram was supposed to come to Zapadnoye Biryulyovo in 2015-2016. However, on December 4, 2013, the residents of the district voted against it at a public hearing (422 out of 737), so the high-speed line will only go to the industrial zone, where the tram depot will be located. Construction should begin in 2016-2018.
see also
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Notes
- . Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Moscow. Retrieved January 3, 2011. .
- www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- Vostryakovsky passage // Names of Moscow streets
- Bulatnikovskaya street // Names of Moscow streets. Toponymic Dictionary / Ageeva R. A. et al. - M .: OGI, 2007.
- . .
- . Retrieved August 16, 2014. .
- . Retrieved May 31, 2014. .
- . Retrieved November 16, 2013. .
- . Retrieved 2 August 2014. .
- . Retrieved August 6, 2015. .
- All-Russian population census of 2002
- // : Stat. Sat / Rosstat .. - Moscow: IIC "Statistics of Russia", 2011. - S. 32 - 86.
- . Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Moscow. Retrieved October 4, 2010. .
- . Russian business portal "Alliance Media". Retrieved January 5, 2012. .
- . WorkaVGorode.Ru. Retrieved January 5, 2012. .
- Igor Popov.. Forbes Media LLC™. Retrieved January 5, 2012. .
- . SELGROS. Retrieved January 5, 2012. .
- Biryulyovo West district website
- // Official website of the Southern Administrative District.
- Church of St. Nicholas of Myra in Biryulyovo
- . Retrieved May 20, 2012. .
Literature
- Averyanov K. A. History of Moscow districts: Encyclopedia. - M .: Astrel, AST, 2008. - 830 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-029169-4.
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Two districts of the Southern District: Biryulyovo East and Biryulyovo Zapadnoye received their names from the village of Biryulyovo. At one time, several versions were made about the origin of this name, one of which produces it from spillikins - toys that were allegedly made here. But in reality, Biryulyovo owes its name to the family of small service people of the Birylyovs. This is confirmed by the fact that in the XVII century. it was called Birilev.
The first documented owners of the village were the Pleshcheevs. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, the village of Birilevo, Raslovlovo also, on the river Dry Gorodenka (obviously, this was the name of the Gorodnya River, which had not yet absorbed tributaries in its upper reaches), was in the estate of Ivan Vasilyevich Pleshcheev, who inherited after his father and uncles. Then it consisted of the landowner's yard, in which the clerk and "business" people lived, and one yard of beans. In 1646, under the next owner, Alexei Andreevich Pleshcheev, seven peasant households and 13 people were already recorded here.
In 1709, the village “Biryulyovo, Roslovo, too, on the river Dry Gorozhenka (in other documents there are also the names Dry Comb, Dry Sarzha. - Auth.), on the left side of the Great Serpukhov Roads” was owned by stolniks Alexei Lvovich and Ivan Nikiforovich Pleshcheev. Each of them owned a yard of an estate, where their "business" people lived. There were also: a peasant yard with 5 souls, which belonged to the first, and two peasant yards with 6 souls, which were owned by another owner.
According to the General Land Survey, the village of Biryulyovo, with 74 male souls, located on the right bank of the river, belonged to the Life Guards Second Major Peter Alekseevich Tatishchev (a famous Freemason) and lieutenant Alexander Alekseevich Pleshcheev.
In 1812, Princess Natalya Petrovna Dolgorukova was the mistress of Biryulyov: then nine of her peasants went into the people's militia. Not far from the village on the Serpukhov road was the first postal station, 17 versts from Moscow.
In the middle of the XIX century. the village was owned by the princes Obolensky. Then 36 men and 37 women lived in it. In 1853, Princess Obolenskaya sold part of her possessions to the bourgeois Romanova. According to the data of 1884, in the village of Biryulyovo, Zyuzinsky volost, there was one summer cottage of the owner and 18 households, in which 108 people lived. There were two taverns and 5 yards with 30 inhabitants at the post station.
In 1899 there were 25 households and 149 people in the village. They owned 125 hectares of land. 22 people from 10 households were engaged in various crafts. The village was characterized as horticultural, with almost the same number of plantings of potatoes and grain crops, preserving the three-field area, having good mowing, and also containing large reserves of clay in its land, used for brick production.
At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The Paveletskaya railway was built, and on it, about four versts from the village, the Biryulyovo station was built, which received its name from the village. Under her rule, a settlement was formed in 1900.
Initially, it consisted of 11 residential buildings, several barracks and a large number of barracks for workers serving the railway and their families. Initially, there were about 200 workers. There was a tea shop and a third-rate tavern of a certain Zolotov, as well as a cemetery with a chapel (on the site of the current Biryulyovskaya St. Nicholas Church). Soon a railway school appeared here.
In 1920, the population of the village was already 1600 people, there were 145 households with 340 residential apartments, and a village council was created, the first chairman of which was Sadkov Pyotr Vasilyevich.
Since 1911, near the station there was a chapel in the name of Alexander Nevsky, which in 1922 was replaced by a wooden St. Nicholas Church. However, the church burned down two years later. After the fire, local authorities forbade it to be restored. Then, according to local legend, walkers were sent to V.I. Lenin, who lived in nearby Gorki, and the leader of the proletariat, allegedly before his death, gave the necessary permission. In any case, the temple continued to operate throughout the years of Soviet power. In 1956, the temple burned down again. Divine services were resumed 10 days later in the priest's house, and the following year, a wooden church was again built on the site of the burnt one. In 1959 it was expanded to 100 sq. m. meters. To the east of the altar is the grave of the first priest of the church, Father Nikolai, and the schema-nun Seraphim, a blind soothsayer who lived in Biryulyovo. There was a cemetery near the church, which was demolished by excavators in 1978, and now there is a square.
In 1926, in the village of Biryulyovo, there were 2 thousand inhabitants, 152 households, 300 residential apartments, in which a total of 550 families lived. On May 21, 1928, by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Biryulyovo was classified as a workers' settlement.
The beginning of industrialization in the country led to a massive outflow of peasants to industrial centers. Biryulyovo did not bypass these processes either. At the station, a wagon depot, a locomotive repair depot were opened, a brick factory was built, and a grain base (elevator) was laid. All this led to a rapid increase in the population of the village. By 1939, 12 thousand inhabitants already lived in Biryulyovo. All these changes have led to an acute shortage of housing.
In addition to the village of railway workers, there was also a holiday village near the station. With the growth of the population in Biryulyovo, the dachas began to be nationalized and populated with newcomers. By 1930, this reserve was completely exhausted, and in order to solve the housing crisis, it was necessary to start mass construction of wooden barracks (judging by the building numbers, there were at least 400 of them). But even such housing was not enough, and transport workers began to be settled in freight wagons, "cars", adapting them to family housing. The newly emerged "shanghai" began to be called the settlements of the PHR (villages of unskilled workers). The situation was further complicated by the fact that since 1935, due to the reconstruction of Moscow that had begun, the population of the nearest suburbs of Moscow began to grow due to Muscovites who were evicted from the center of the capital. The evicted were given compensation, which was enough only to purchase housing in the suburbs.
In order to somehow resolve the housing crisis, the state allowed the construction of private sector houses. Land for construction was given under a contract with subsequent payment. As a result, on the outskirts of the village, the farms Pozharka, Pcholka, Novaya Pcholka, Staraya Pcholka arose.
In the local newspaper “Leninsky Put” for 1938, about the achievements in the field of Biryulyovo construction, it was said: “The laying of a railway line from Biryulyovo to the coke plant (Vidnoe) has begun ... a new store, a shop, a post office have been built ... During the years of Soviet power a new workers' settlement has grown. Over the past year, 300 new houses were built, a secondary school, an outpatient clinic, 3 shops, houses for the workers of the Kalinin factory, for the workers of the Ordzhonikidze factory, a 2-storey house for teachers, two 2-storey houses for workers of the unit and workers of the village, water supply ... ".
In 1939, a two-story building of school No. 13 was erected in the village, and in 1940 a water supply system (5 km) and a pedestrian bridge over the railway were built. Before that, there were great difficulties with water supply, for water they went to the station to the column. Then they dug 3 wells, and drinking water was only in one, called "holy". When the wells sank, they were replaced with columns.
As for the village of Biryulyovo, in 1926 its population was 241 people, who lived in 43 households, which had 195 hectares in land use. Later, the New Life collective farm appeared here.
After the war, the village grew more and more. By 1959, its population numbered 21.5 thousand people. In 1960, these lands were included in the boundaries of the capital. Since 1971, the demolition of houses began here, in their place modern multi-storey buildings have risen. Some of the old buildings left from the village are still preserved. Many names of the streets of the village were transferred to the newly built streets of different districts of the south of Moscow. His memory is recorded in the names of two districts and Biryulyovskaya Street.
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Story
Biryulyovo village
The village of Biryulyovo (the first documentary mention in the 17th century) was located on the territory of the modern districts of Chertanovo Central and Chertanovo South. In some sources, it is confused with the village of Biryulyovo, which arose in 1900 4 km from the village, arguing that in 1971 mass development of the modern districts of Biryulyovo East and Biryulyovo West began from it. This cannot be true due to its location.
Biryulyovo village
On the site of the territories now part of the Biryulyovo West and Biryulyovo Vostochnoye districts, in 1900 a settlement was formed near the Biryulyovo-Passenger station, also called Biryulyovo.
Streets
Population and statistics
Industry
Health, education, culture and sports
There are 3 polyclinics (1 children's, 2 adults), 7 secondary schools, 16 kindergartens, a branch of the instrument-making technical school in the district. Among the objects of culture and sports are two libraries, an indoor skating rink (Youth Sports School No. 5 "Penguins"), a swimming pool and the House of Culture "Druzhba".
Religion
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Biryulyovo
There is one active Orthodox church in the area, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Church address: Bulatnikovskiy proezd, 8A; rector - Archpriest Vitaly (Togubitsky). The first church on this site was built at the railway school in 1911, consecrated in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky in 1912. In 1924, the temple was liquidated, a wooden church was built nearby, consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. On March 1, 1956, the temple burned down. The current building was built in 1957. Until 1978, there was a cemetery near the church. The church is part of the Danilovsky Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The Orthodox Center for Education of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker operates at the temple, where all levels of education are available: from preschool to complete secondary, as well as additional education. Center address: Bulatnikovskiy proezd, 16, building 3.
Transport
Railway transport
Residents of Biryulyovo are delivered to the center of Moscow, to the Paveletsky railway station, in 25-30 minutes by electric trains of the Domodedovo motor-car depot. In the area are the Biryulyovo-Passenger platform and the Biryulyovo-Tovarnaya station (both equipped with turnstiles) of the Paveletsky direction of the Moscow Railways. Due to the lack of a subway, rail transport occupies a leading position.
Underground
According to the master plan of Moscow, the construction of the metro in the area was planned for 2023-2025, but, after the expansion of Moscow in 2012, the construction period was shifted to 2035. The Biryulyovskaya metro line will start from the Kashirskaya station of the big ring, pass through the Biryulyovo-Tovarnaya station, the intersection of Kharkovskaya and Medynskaya streets, the Bitsa platform of the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railways and go to TiNAO.
Bus routes
There are 11 bus routes in the area:
| route number | Destination 1 | Passing through stations | Destination 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bus 37 | 15px Krasnogvardeyskaya 02 Zamoskvoretskaya line 10 Transfer to the Zyablikovo station of the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line | 15px Tyoply Stan 06 Kaluga-Rizhskaya line | |
| Bus 160 | Kharkivsky proezd | 15px South 09 | |
| Bus 256 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoye (annular) | Railway Biryulyovo-Passenger | Railway Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| Bus 296 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | 15px South 09 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line | |
| Bus 297 | (annular) | Railway Biryulyovo-Passenger | Railway Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| Bus 635 | 15px "Warsaw" 011А Kakhovskaya line | Railway Pokrovskaya | Railway Biryulyovo-Commodity |
| Bus 671 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | 15px Kaluga 06 Kaluga-Rizhskaya line | |
| Bus 708 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | Railway Pokrovskaya | 15px South 09 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line |
| Bus 770 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | (No) | Stupinsky passage |
| Bus 796 | Biryulyovo-Zapadnoe | 16th microdistrict Chertanova | |
| Bus 828 | Railway Pokrovskaya | Rossoshanskaya street (14pxpx "Street Academician Yangel" 09 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line) |
Speed train
The high-speed tram was supposed to come to Zapadnoye Biryulyovo in 2015-2016. However, on December 4, 2013, the residents of the district voted against it at a public hearing (422 out of 737), so the high-speed line will only go to the industrial zone, where the tram depot will be located. Construction should begin in 2016-2018.
Like everything else “interesting”, my amazing walks to different levels of the Earth gradually became almost permanent, and relatively quickly landed on my “archival” shelf of “ordinary phenomena”. Sometimes I went there alone, upsetting my little friend. But Stella, even if she was a little upset, never showed anything and, if she felt that I preferred to be left alone, she never imposed her presence. This, of course, made me even more guilty towards her, and after my little “personal” adventures, I stayed to take a walk with her, which, by the same token, already doubled the load on my physical body, which was not quite used to it, and I returned home exhausted, like a squeezed, ripe lemon to the last drop ... But gradually, as our "walks" became longer, my "tormented" physical body gradually got used to it, fatigue became less and less, and the time it took to restore my physical strength became much shorter. These amazing walks very quickly overshadowed everything else, and my daily life now seemed surprisingly dull and completely uninteresting ...
Of course, all this time I lived my normal life as a normal child: as usual - I went to school, participated in all the events organized there, went to the cinema with the guys, in general - I tried to look as normal as possible in order to attract to my "unusual » abilities as little unnecessary attention as possible.
I really liked some classes at school, some not so much, but so far all the subjects were still quite easy for me and did not require much effort for homework.
I also loved astronomy very much... which, unfortunately, has not yet been taught here. At home we had all kinds of amazingly illustrated books on astronomy, which my dad also adored, and I could read for hours about distant stars, mysterious nebulae, unfamiliar planets ... Dreaming someday, even for one short moment, to see all these amazing miracles, as they say, live ... Probably, then I already "inside" felt that this world is much closer to me than any, even the most beautiful, country on our Earth ... But all my "star" adventures then were still very distant (I didn’t even think about them yet!) and therefore, at this stage, I was completely satisfied with “festivities” on different “floors” of our native planet, with my girlfriend Stella or alone.
My grandmother, to my great satisfaction, fully supported me in this, thus, leaving "for a walk", I did not have to hide, which made my travels even more pleasant. The fact is that in order to “walk” along the same “floors”, my essence had to leave the body, and if someone entered the room at that moment, they would find the most amusing picture there ... I she sat with her eyes open, seemingly in a completely normal state, but did not react to any appeal to me, did not answer questions and looked completely and completely “frozen”. Therefore, grandmother's help at such moments was simply irreplaceable. I remember once in my “walking” state my then friend, neighbor Romas found me ... When I woke up, I saw a face completely stunned with fear and eyes round like two huge blue plates shoulders and called by name until I opened my eyes...
– Are you dead or something?!.. Or is it again some new “experiment” of yours? - almost chattering with fright, my friend hissed softly.
Although, for all these years of our communication, it was definitely difficult to surprise him with something, but, apparently, the picture that opened up to him at that moment “surpassed” my most impressive early “experiments” ... It was Romas who told me after how frighteningly my "presence" looked from the outside ...
I did my best to calm him down and somehow explain what was so “terrible” that happened to me here. But no matter how I reassured him, I was almost 100% sure that the impression of what he saw would remain in his brain for a very, very long time...
Therefore, after this funny (for me) "incident", I always tried so that, if possible, no one would take me by surprise, and no one would have to be so shamelessly dumbfounded or frightened ... That's why grandmother's help is so strong I needed it. She always knew when I once again went for a “walk” and made sure that no one at this time, if possible, bothered me. There was another reason why I didn’t really like it when I was forcibly “pulled out” of my “campaigns” back - in my entire physical body at the moment of such a “quick return” there was a feeling of a very strong internal blow and this was perceived very, very painful. Therefore, such a sudden return of the essence back to the physical body was very unpleasant for me and completely undesirable.
So, once again walking with Stella on the “floors”, and not finding something to do, “without exposing ourselves to great danger”, we finally decided to “deeper” and “more seriously” explore, which has become almost familiar to her , Mental "floor"...
Her own colorful world once again disappeared, and we, as it were, "hung" in the sparkling air, powdered with starry reflections, which, unlike the usual "earthly" one, was here saturated "dense" and constantly changing, as if it were filled with millions of stars. tiny snowflakes that sparkled and sparkled on a frosty sunny day on Earth ... We stepped together into this silver-blue shimmering "emptiness", and immediately, as usual, a "path" appeared under our feet ... Or rather, not just a path, but a very bright and cheerful, ever-changing path, which was created from shimmering fluffy silvery "clouds" ... It appeared and disappeared by itself, as if inviting you to walk along it in a friendly way. I stepped onto the sparkling “cloud” and took a few cautious steps... I didn’t feel any movement, not the slightest effort for him, only a feeling of very light gliding in some calm, enveloping, silver-shining void... The traces immediately melted away , crumbling into thousands of multi-colored sparkling dust particles ... and new ones appeared as I stepped on this amazing and completely fascinated "local land" ....
Suddenly, in all this deep silence shimmering with silvery sparks, a strange transparent boat appeared, and in it stood a very beautiful young woman. Her long golden hair fluttered softly, as if touched by a breeze, then froze again, mysteriously sparkling with heavy golden highlights. The woman was clearly heading straight towards us, still gliding easily in her fabulous boat along some “waves” invisible to us, leaving behind her long, fluttering tails flashing with silver sparks ... Her white light dress, similar to a shimmering tunic, also - it fluttered, then smoothly fell, falling in soft folds down, and making the stranger look like a wondrous Greek goddess.
“She swims here all the time, looking for someone,” Stella whispered.
- Do you know her? Who is she looking for? - I did not understand.
