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Type: jpg Date: 2015-11-16

Have you ever wondered how fast the Earth rotates on its axis and how we manage to walk steadily on the Earth, despite the fact that the speed of its rotation is still not small? Let's start with the fact that the Earth has an attractive force that keeps us on it, and the huge inertia of the Earth does not allow us to feel the rotation! This article will help us find out what is the speed of the Earth around its axis, and also tell us how fast the Earth revolves around the Sun.

When we talk about the speed of the Earth, we must keep in mind that the speed is relative and therefore always measured in relation to another relative object. This means that movement can only be measured when there is a control point. For example, the Earth's speed can only be calculated relative to its own axis, the Milky Way, the Solar System, surrounding celestial objects, or the Sun. Therefore, to find out, for example, the speed of rotation of the Earth around the Sun, one has to use special Astronomical Units. The Earth takes one year or 365 days to complete one revolution around the Sun. The Earth travels 150 million km in its orbit around the Sun. Therefore, the Earth revolves around the Sun at a speed of approximately 30 km/sec.

The Earth makes a full rotation around its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes and 04.09053 seconds, this time is approximate and is taken as the duration of the day - 24 hours. The Earth's axis is an imaginary line that passes through the center of the Earth, the North and South Poles. To understand how fast the Earth is spinning, we need to figure out how fast the Earth is spinning at the equator. To do this, we need to know the circumference of the Earth at the equator, which is 40,070 km. Now, simply dividing the circumference of the equator by the length of the day, we get the speed of rotation of the earth around its axis:

40070 km/ 24 hours = 1674.66 km/h

The value of 1674.66 km / h is the answer to the question of how fast the Earth rotates around its axis at the equator. However, this speed cannot be considered as a constant, since the speed of rotation in different places is different. The speed varies depending on the location of a point on the earth's surface, i.e. how far this point is from the equator. The thing is that at the equator the circumference of the Earth is greatest, and, therefore, being at the equator, you, together with the earth's surface, travel the greatest distance around the Earth's axis in 24 hours. However, as you approach the North Pole, the circumference of the earth's surface decreases, and you and the Earth travel a shorter distance in 24 hours.

Ideally, the rotation speed at the North and South Poles drops to zero! Thus, the speed of rotation of the Earth around its axis depends on the latitudinal location of the place. The highest speed is at the equator, then it decreases as it approaches the North or South Pole. For example, the speed of rotation of the Earth in Alaska is only 570 km per hour! In middle latitudes, the rotation speed reaches its average value. For example, in places like New York and Europe, the Earth's rotation speed is approximately 1125 -1450 km/h.

We hope you are now more aware of how fast the Earth rotates on its own axis. To calculate the circumference of the earth where you are, you just need to determine the cosine of the angle of your latitude, which, as you know, is given in angles, just take a closer look at the map. Then you need to multiply this value by the circumference of the Earth at the equator to get the circumference at your latitude. By dividing the circumference by 24 (the number of hours in a day), you will get the speed of the Earth's rotation around its axis at the place where you are.

It is spherical, however, it is not a perfect ball. Due to the rotation, the planet is slightly flattened at the poles, such a figure is usually called a spheroid or geoid - "like the earth."

The earth is huge, its size is hard to imagine. The main parameters of our planet are as follows:

• Diameter - 12570 km
• Equator length - 40076 km
• The length of any meridian is 40008 km
• The total surface area of ​​the Earth is 510 million km2
• The radius of the poles - 6357 km
• Equator radius - 6378 km

The earth simultaneously rotates around the sun and around its own axis.

The earth rotates around an inclined axis from west to east. Half of the globe is illuminated by the sun, it is day there at this time, the other half is in the shade, there is night. Due to the rotation of the Earth, there is a change of day and night. The Earth makes one revolution around its axis in 24 hours - a day.

Due to rotation, moving streams (rivers, winds) in the northern hemisphere are deflected to the right, and in the southern hemisphere - to the left.

Rotation of the Earth around the Sun

The Earth revolves around the sun in a circular orbit, a complete revolution takes 1 year. The Earth's axis is not vertical, it is inclined at an angle of 66.5° to the orbit, this angle remains constant during the entire rotation. The main consequence of this rotation is the change of seasons.

Consider the extreme points of rotation of the Earth around the Sun.

• December 22- winter solstice. Closest to the sun (the sun is at its zenith) at this moment is the southern tropic - therefore, summer is in the southern hemisphere, winter is in the northern hemisphere. The nights in the southern hemisphere are short, at the southern polar circle on December 22 the day lasts 24 hours, the night does not come. In the Northern Hemisphere, the opposite is true; in the Arctic Circle, the night lasts 24 hours.
• 22nd of June- the day of the summer solstice. The northern tropic is closest to the sun, in the northern hemisphere it is summer, in the southern hemisphere it is winter. In the southern polar circle, night lasts 24 hours, and in the northern polar circle, night does not come at all.
• March 21, September 23- the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes. The equator is closest to the sun, the day is equal to the night in both hemispheres.

The movement of the planet in orbit is determined by two reasons:
- linear inertia of motion (it tends to rectilinear - tangent)
and the gravitational force of the sun.

It is the force of gravity that will change the direction of movement from rectilinear to circular. And gravitational forces applied to a smaller radius will act
stronger on the planet.
If we consider gravity as a force applied to the center, then this gives a change in the direction of movement to a circular one.
If we consider gravity as the sum of forces applied to the entire mass of the planet,
then this gives both a change in the motion vector to a circular one and a rotation around the axis.

Look at the picture.
The planet has points closer to the Sun and points more distant.
Point A will be closer to the Sun than point B.
And the attraction of point A will be greater than point B. Recall that the force of gravity depends on the squared radius.
When the planet moves clockwise, the gravitational force through point A will pull the planet more than through point B. This difference in forces, gravity applied to diametrically opposite points of the planet, while moving, creates rotation.

Thus, the period of revolution of the planet around its axis directly depends on the equatorial radius of the planet.
With large planets such as Jupiter and Saturn, the difference in the attraction of opposite points is greater and the planet rotates faster.

Table of solar days for planets and equatorial radius:

Mercury..... - 175.9421 .... - 0.3825
Venus..... - 116.7490 ... ... - 0.9488
Earth ...... - 1.0 .... .. - 1.0
M a r s .... - 1.0275 ... .... - 0.5326
Jupiter..... - 0.41358 ... - 11.209
Saturn..... - 0.44403 .... - 9.4491
U r a n ..... - 0.71835 ... - 4.0073
Neptune..... - 0.67126 ... - 3.8826
Pluto..... - 6.38766 .... - 0.1807

The first number is the period of rotation of the planet around its axis in Earth days, the second number is similar - the equatorial radius of the planet. And it can be seen that the largest planet, Jupiter, rotates the fastest, and the smallest, Mercury, the slowest.

In general, the reason for the rotation of the Earth can be explained simply.
When the planet moves in orbit, there is a constant change in the direction of its movement from direct to circular. And at the same time, the planet simultaneously rotates, due to the fact that the points of attraction of the planets located closer to the Sun will pull the planet more than the distant ones.

For example, on Jupiter, where the planet is not a monolith, rotation occurs in layers. The equatorial motion of the layers stands out in particular.

Reviews

Dear Nikolay!
There is no gravity. Newton's and Einstein's laws do not work.
It is impossible to justify the causes of rotation by such methods.
But the topic is interesting.
I hope that by joint efforts, and not on this platform, we will solve it.

No. Gravity is everything! But the reasons for its appearance have not yet been established by us.
"Gravity force" - the term conditionally accepted hereinafter, means an external influence on the body. Conditionally in physics it is called "force" the force of gravity.

And the rotation comes from the action of two forces: the inertia of the rectilinear motion and its change to a circular motion under the action of the gravitational force, which is perpendicular to the vector of inertia in terms of the vector.

Dear Nikolay!

Dear Nikolay!
In your works there are already calculations, I will not say, justifying the absence of gravity. These works aroused my interest in you, because. it is clear that there is a large statistical material and on it, together and quickly build a science for ourselves, where many things will fall into place. And whether they accept it or not, it should not concern us. Let Volosatov prove it, and we will do it.

I can formulate my position on gravity as follows.
Gravity, as a force of attraction that occurs between two bodies, does not exist.
Exists - an external influence on bodies, the consequence of which is the appearance of a force that causes them to move towards each other. Force leads not to the appearance of another force, but to movement. In this case, the vector of this force is directed along the line connecting these two bodies.
Not attraction, but movement towards.
And not the force arising in the bodies themselves, but the force of external influence.
As the wind blows on the sail.
In general, I understand force as a factor of external influence.

Dear Nikolay!
You, having refuted the forces and their reactions, return to them again.
Yes, these are the "weights" of our teachings. It is difficult to break away from them. I still break away from the remnants of the "institute" teachings. But the physics of the world is completely different. You intuitively felt it. The rest is in personal correspondence.

Why does the earth rotate on its axis? Why, in the presence of friction, did it not stop for millions of years (or maybe it stopped and rotated in the other direction more than once)? What determines continental drift? What is the cause of earthquakes? Why did dinosaurs become extinct? How to scientifically explain periods of glaciation? In what way or more precisely how to scientifically explain empirical astrology?Try to answer these questions in order.

Abstracts

1. The reason for the rotation of the planets around their axis is an external source of energy - the Sun.
2. The rotation mechanism is as follows:
   • The sun heats the gaseous and liquid phases of the planets (atmosphere and hydrosphere).
   • As a result of uneven heating, ‘air’ and ‘sea’ currents arise, which, through interaction with the solid phase of the planet, begin to spin it in one direction or another.
   • The configuration of the solid phase of the planet, like the blades of a turbine, determines the direction and speed of rotation.
3. If the solid phase is not sufficiently monolithic and solid, then it moves (continental drift).
4. The movement of the solid phase (continental drift) can lead to an acceleration or deceleration of rotation up to a change in the direction of rotation, etc. Oscillatory and other effects are possible.
5. In turn, the similarly displaced solid upper phase (the earth's crust) interacts with the underlying layers of the earth, which are more stable in terms of rotation. At the contact boundary, a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat. This thermal energy, apparently, is one of the main reasons for the heating of the Earth. And this border is one of the areas where the formation of rocks and minerals takes place.
6. All these accelerations and decelerations have a long-term effect (climate), and a short-term effect (weather), and not only meteorological, but also geological, biological, genetic.

Confirmations

After reviewing and comparing the available astronomical data on the planets of the solar system, I conclude that the data on all planets fit into the framework of this theory. Where there are 3 phases of the state of matter there, the rotation speed is greatest.

Moreover, one of the planets, having a highly elongated orbit, has a clearly uneven (oscillatory) rotation speed during its year.

Table of elements of the solar system

bodies of the solar system	Average Distance to the Sun, a. e.	The average period of rotation around the axis	The number of phases of the state of matter on the surface	Number of satellites	sidereal period, year	Orbital inclination to the ecliptic	Mass (Earth mass unit)
Sun		25days (35 per pole)		9 planets			333000
Mercury	0,387	58.65 days			0,241		0,054
Venus	0,723	243 days			0,615	3° 24'	0,815
Earth		23h 56m 4s
Mars	1,524	24h 37m 23s			1,881	1° 51'	0,108
Jupiter	5,203	9h 50m		16+p. ring	11,86	1° 18'	317,83
Saturn	9,539	10h 14m		17+rings	29,46	2° 29'	95,15
Uranus	19,19	10h 49m		5+knot rings	84,01	0° 46'	14,54
Neptune	30,07	15h 48m			164,7	1° 46'	17,23
Pluto	39,65	6.4 days	2- 3 ?		248,9	17°	0,017

The reasons for the rotation around its axis of the Sun are interesting. What forces are causing it?

Undoubtedly, internal, since the flow of energy comes from within the Sun itself. And the uneven rotation from the pole to the equator? There is no answer to this yet.

Direct measurements show that the speed of the Earth's rotation changes during the day, just like the weather. So, for example, according to “Periodic changes in the speed of the Earth's rotation were also noted, corresponding to the change of seasons, i.e. associated with meteorological phenomena, combined with the peculiarities of the distribution of land over the surface of the globe. Sometimes there are sudden changes in rotational speed that have not been explained ...

In 1956, a sudden change in the speed of the Earth's rotation occurred after an exceptionally powerful flare on the Sun on February 25 of this year. Also, according to "from June to September, the Earth rotates faster than the average for the year, and the rest of the time - more slowly."

A superficial analysis of a map of sea currents shows that for the most part, sea currents determine the direction of the earth's rotation. North and South America are the driving belt of the entire Earth, through which two powerful currents turn the Earth. Other currents move Africa and form the Red Sea.

... Other evidence shows that sea currents cause part of the continents to drift. “Researchers at the US Northwestern University, as well as several other North American, Peruvian and Ecuadorian institutions...” used satellites to analyze the Andean relief measurements. “The findings were summarized in her dissertation by Lisa Leffer-Griffin.” The following figure (right) shows the results of these two years of observations and studies.

Black arrows show the speed vectors of movement of control points. An analysis of this picture once again clearly shows that North and South America is the driving belt of the entire Earth.

A similar picture is observed along the Pacific coast of North America, opposite the point of application of forces from the current there is an area of ​​​​seismic activity and, as a result, the famous fault. There are parallel chains of mountains that suggest the periodicity of the above described phenomena.

Practical application

Gets an explanation and the presence of a volcanic belt - the belt of earthquakes.

The earthquake belt is nothing but a giant accordion, which is constantly in motion under the influence of tensile and compressive variable forces.

By following the winds and currents, it is possible to determine the points (areas) of the application of untwisting and braking forces, and then using a pre-built mathematical model of a terrain area, it is possible to calculate earthquakes mathematically rigorously!

The daily fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field are explained, completely different explanations of geological and geophysical phenomena arise, additional facts arise for the analysis of hypotheses about the origin of the planets of the solar system.

The formation of such geological formations as island arcs, for example, the Aleutian or Kuril Islands, is being explained. Arcs are formed from the side opposite to the action of sea and wind forces, as a result of the interaction of a mobile continent (for example, Eurasia) with a less mobile oceanic crust (for example, the Pacific Ocean). In this case, the oceanic crust does not move under the mainland, but, on the contrary, the mainland moves towards the ocean, and only in those places where the oceanic crust transfers forces to another continent (in this example, America) can the oceanic crust move under the continent and arcs are not formed here. In turn, similarly, the American continent transfers efforts to the crust of the Atlantic Ocean and through it to Eurasia and Africa, i.e. the circle is closed.

Confirmation of this movement is the block structure of the faults of the bottom of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the movements occur in blocks along the direction of the forces.

Some facts are explained:

• why dinosaurs died out (changed, decreased rotation speed and significantly increased the length of the day, possibly until a complete change in the direction of rotation);
• why periods of glaciation occurred;
• why some plants have a different genetically determined daylight hours.

Through genetics, this empirically alchemical astrology is also explained.

Environmental problems associated with even slight climate change can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere through sea currents.

Reference

The power of solar radiation when approaching the Earth is huge ~ 1.5 kWh/m

2 .

The imaginary body of the Earth, bounded by a surface, which at all points

perpendicular to the direction of gravity and has the same gravity potential is called the geoid.

In fact, even the sea surface does not correspond to the shape of the geoid. The shape that we see in the section is the same more or less balanced gravitational shape that the globe has reached.

There are also local deviations from the geoid. For example, the Gulf Stream rises 100-150 cm above the surrounding water surface, the Sargasso Sea is elevated and, conversely, the ocean level is lowered near the Bahamas and over the Puerto Rico Trench. The reason for these small differences is winds and currents. East trade winds drive water into the western part of the Atlantic. The Gulf Stream carries away this excess water, so its level is higher than that of the surrounding waters. The level of the Sargasso Sea is higher because it is the center of the circulation of currents and water is being driven into it from all sides.

Sea currents:

• Gulfstream system

The capacity at the outlet of the Strait of Florida is 25 million m

3 / s, which is 20 times the capacity of all rivers on earth. In the open ocean, the power increases to 80 million m 3 / s at an average speed of 1.5 m/s.

Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)

, the largest current of the world ocean, also called the Antarctic circular current, etc. It is directed to the east and encircles Antarctica in a continuous ring. The length of the ADC is 20 thousand km, the width is 800–1500 km. Water transfer in the ADC system ~ 150 million m 3 / With. The average speed on the surface according to drifting buoys is 0.18 m/s.

Kuroshio

- an analogue of the Gulf Stream, continues as the North Pacific (can be traced to a depth of 1-1.5 km, speed 0.25 - 0.5 m / s), Alaska and California currents (width 1000 km, average speed up to 0.25 m / s, in the coastal strip at a depth below 150 m passes a steady countercurrent).

Peruvian, Humboldt Current

(velocity up to 0.25 m/s, in the coastal strip there are Peru and Peru-Chile countercurrents directed to the south).

Tectonic scheme and current system of the Atlantic Ocean.

1 - Gulf Stream, 2 and 3 - equatorial currents(North and South Trade Winds),4 - Antilles, 5 - Caribbean, 6 - Canary, 7 - Portuguese, 8 - North Atlantic, 9 - Irminger, 10 - Norwegian, 11 - East Greenland, 12 - West Greenland, 13 - Labrador, 14 - Guinean, 15 - Benguela, 16 - Brazilian, 17 - Falkland, 18 -Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)

1. Modern knowledge about the synchronicity of glacial and interglacial periods throughout the globe testifies not so much to a change in the flow of solar energy, but to cyclic movements of the earth's axis. The fact that both of these phenomena exist has been proven with all irrefutability. When spots appear on the Sun, the intensity of its radiation weakens. The maximum deviations from the intensity norm are rarely more than 2%, which is clearly insufficient for the formation of an ice cover. The second factor was already studied in the 1920s by Milankovitch, who derived theoretical curves for fluctuations in solar radiation for various geographic latitudes. There is evidence indicating that there was more volcanic dust in the atmosphere during the Pleistocene. The layer of Antarctic ice of the corresponding age contains more volcanic ash than later layers (see the following figure by A. Gow and T. Williamson, 1971). Most of the ash was found in the layer, which is 30,000-16,000 years old. The study of oxygen isotopes showed that lower temperatures correspond to the same layer. Of course, this argument indicates high volcanic activity.

Mean vectors of motion of lithospheric plates

(according to laser satellite observations over the past 15 years)

Comparison with the previous figure once again confirms this theory of the Earth's rotation!

Paleotemperature and volcanic intensity curves obtained by examining an ice sample at Byrd Station in Antarctica.

Layers of volcanic ash were found in the ice core. The graphs show that after intense volcanic activity, the end of glaciation began.

The volcanic activity itself (with a constant solar flux) ultimately depends on the temperature difference between the equatorial and polar regions and the configuration, the relief of the surface of the continents, the bed of the oceans and the relief of the lower surface of the earth's crust!

V. Farrand (1965) and others proved that the events at the initial stage of the ice age took place in the following sequence: 1 - glaciation,

2 - land cooling, 3 - ocean cooling. At the final stage, the glaciers melted first and only then warming.

The movements of lithospheric plates (blocks) are too slow to cause such consequences directly. Recall that the average speed of movement is 4 cm per year. In 11,000 years, they would have moved only 500 m. But this is enough to radically change the system of sea currents and thus reduce the transfer of heat to the polar regions.

. It is enough to turn the Gulf Stream or change the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and glaciation is guaranteed!

The half-life of radioactive gas radon is 3.85 days, its appearance with a variable debit on the surface of the earth above the thickness of sandy-clay deposits (2-3 km) indicates the constant formation of microcracks, which are the result of the unevenness and multidirectionality of constantly changing stresses in it. This is another confirmation of this theory of the rotation of the Earth. I would like to analyze a map of the distribution of radon and helium around the globe, unfortunately, I do not have such data. Helium is an element that requires much less energy to form than other elements (except hydrogen).

A few words for biology and astrology.

As you know, the gene is more or less stable formation. To obtain mutations, significant external influences are necessary: ​​radiation (irradiation), chemical influence (poisoning), biological influence (infections and diseases). Thus, in the gene, as by analogy in the annual rings of plants, newly acquired mutations are fixed. This is especially known for the example of plants, there are plants with long and short daylight hours. And this already directly indicates the duration of the corresponding light period, when this species was formed.

All these astrological "tricks" make sense only in relation to a certain race, a people who have been living in their native environment for a long time. Where the environment is constant throughout the year, there is no point in the signs of the Zodiac and there must be its own empiricism - astrology, its own calendar. Apparently, the genes contain an algorithm of the body's behavior that has not yet been clarified, which is realized when the environment changes (birth, development, nutrition, reproduction, diseases). So this algorithm is empirically trying to find astrology

.

Some hypotheses and conclusions arising from this theory of the Earth's rotation

So, the source of energy for the rotation of the Earth around its own axis is the Sun. It is known, according to , that the phenomena of precession, nutation and the movement of the Earth's poles do not affect the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation.

In 1754, the German philosopher I. Kant explained the changes in the acceleration of the Moon's motion by the fact that the tidal humps formed by the Moon on the Earth, as a result of friction, are carried along with the solid body of the Earth in the direction of the Earth's rotation (see figure). The attraction of these humps by the Moon together gives a couple of forces that slow down the rotation of the Earth. Further, the mathematical theory of "secular deceleration" of the Earth's rotation was developed by J. Darwin.

Before the appearance of this theory of the Earth's rotation, it was believed that no processes occurring on the Earth's surface, as well as the influence of external bodies, could not explain the changes in the Earth's rotation. Looking at the above figure, in addition to conclusions about the deceleration of the Earth's rotation, we can draw deeper conclusions. Note that the tidal bulge is ahead in the direction of the Moon's rotation. And this is a sure sign that the Moon not only slows down the rotation of the Earth, but and the rotation of the earth keeps the moon moving around the earth. Thus, the energy of the Earth's rotation is "transferred" to the Moon. More general conclusions about the satellites of other planets follow from this. Satellites have a stable position only if the planet has tidal humps, i.e. hydrosphere or a significant atmosphere, and at the same time the satellites must rotate in the direction of the planet's rotation and in the same plane. The rotation of the satellites in opposite directions directly indicates an unsteady regime - a recent change in the direction of the planet's rotation or a recent collision of the satellites with each other.

According to the same law, interactions between the Sun and the planets proceed. But here, due to the many tidal humps, oscillatory effects with sidereal periods of the planets around the Sun should take place.

The main period is 11.86 years from Jupiter, as the most massive planet.

1. A new look at planetary evolution

Thus, this theory explains the existing picture of the distribution of the angular momentum (momentum) of the Sun and planets and there is no need for the hypothesis of O.Yu. Schmidt on accidental capture by the Sun "protoplanetary cloud. VG Fesenkov's conclusions about the simultaneous formation of the Sun and planets receive one more confirmation.

Consequence

This theory of the Earth's rotation may be a hypothesis about the direction of evolution of the planets in the direction from Pluto to Venus. In this way, Venus is the future prototype of the Earth. The planet overheated, the oceans evaporated. This is confirmed by the above graphs of paleotemperatures and the intensity of volcanic activity, obtained by examining an ice sample at Bird Station in Antarctica.

From the point of view of this theory,if an alien civilization originated, it was not on Mars, but on Venus. And we should look not for the Martians, but for the descendants of the Venusians, which, perhaps, we are to some extent.

1. Ecology and climate

Thus, this theory refutes the idea of ​​a constant (zero) heat balance. In the balances known to me, there is no energy of earthquakes, continental drift, tides, heating of the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Moon, biological life. (It turns out that biological life is one way of absorbing energy). It is known that the atmosphere for the production of wind uses less than 1% of the energy to maintain the system of currents. At the same time, out of the total amount of heat carried by currents, 100 times more can potentially be used. So this 100 times greater value and also wind energy are used unevenly in time for earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes, continental drift, tides, the heating of the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Earth and the Moon, etc.

Environmental problems associated with even slight climate change due to changes in sea currents can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere. Any ill-considered (or deliberate in the interests of one nation) attempts to change the climate by turning the (Northern) rivers, laying canals (Kanin's nose), building dams across the straits, etc., due to the speed of implementation, in addition to direct benefits, will certainly lead to a change in the existing "seismic balance" in the earth's crust i.e. to the formation of new seismic zones.

In other words, one must first understand all the relationships, and then learn how to control the rotation of the Earth - this is one of the tasks for the further development of civilization.

P.S.

A few words about the effect of solar flares on cardiovascular patients.

In the light of this theory, the effect of solar flares on cardiovascular patients is apparently not due to the occurrence of increased electromagnetic fields on the Earth's surface. Under power lines, the intensity of these fields is much higher and this does not have a noticeable effect on cardiovascular patients. The impact of solar flares on cardiovascular patients appears to be affected by exposure to periodic change in horizontal accelerations when the speed of the earth's rotation changes. All sorts of accidents, including those on pipelines, can be explained similarly.

1. Geological processes

As noted above (see thesis No. 5), a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat at the contact boundary (Mohorovichich boundary). And this border is one of the areas where the formation of rocks and minerals takes place. The nature of the reactions (chemical or atomic, apparently even both) is unknown, but on the basis of some facts, the following conclusions can already be drawn.

1. There is an ascending flow of elementary gases along the faults of the earth's crust: hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, etc.
2. The flow of hydrogen is decisive in the formation of many mineral deposits, including coal and oil.

Coalbed methane is a product of the interaction of a hydrogen flow with a coal seam! The generally accepted metamorphic process of peat, lignite, hard coal, anthracite, without taking into account the flow of hydrogen, is not sufficiently complete. It is known that already at the stages of peat, brown coal, methane is absent. There are also data (Professor I. Sharovar) on the presence of anthracites in nature, in which there are not even molecular traces of methane. The result of the interaction of the hydrogen flow with the coal seam can explain not only the presence of methane itself in the seam and its constant formation, but also the whole variety of coal grades. Coking coals, flow and the presence of a large amount of methane in steeply dipping deposits (presence of a large number of faults) and the correlation of these factors confirm this assumption.

Oil, gas - a product of the interaction of the flow of hydrogen with organic residues (coal seam). This view is confirmed by the mutual arrangement of coal and oil fields. If we superimpose a map of the distribution of coal strata on a map of the distribution of oil, then the following picture is observed. These deposits do not intersect! There is no place where there would be oil on top of coal! In addition, it has been noted that oil lies on average much deeper than coal and is confined to faults in the earth's crust (where an upward flow of gases, including hydrogen, should be observed).

I would like to analyze a map of the distribution of radon and helium around the globe, unfortunately, I do not have such data. Helium, unlike hydrogen, is an inert gas, which is absorbed by rocks to a much lesser extent than other gases and can serve as a sign of a deep hydrogen flow.

1. All chemical elements, including radioactive ones, are still being formed! The reason for this is the rotation of the Earth. These processes take place both on the lower boundary of the earth's crust and on the deeper layers of the earth.

The faster the Earth rotates, the faster these processes (including the formation of minerals and rocks) go faster. Therefore, the earth's crust of the continents is thicker than the earth's crust of the ocean bed! Since the areas of application of the forces that slow down and spin the planet, from sea and air currents, are located to a much greater extent on the continents than in the bed of the oceans.

Meteorites and radioactive elements

If we assume that meteorites are part of the solar system and the substance of meteorites was formed simultaneously with it, then the composition of meteorites can be used to verify the correctness of this theory of the Earth's rotation around its own axis.

Distinguish between iron and stone meteorites. Iron consist of iron, nickel, cobalt and do not contain heavy radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. Stony meteorites are composed of various minerals and silicate rocks, in which the presence of various radioactive components of uranium, thorium, potassium and rubidium can be detected. There are also stony-iron meteorites, which occupy an intermediate position in composition between iron and stony meteorites. If we assume that meteorites are the remains of destroyed planets or their satellites, then stone meteorites correspond to the crust of these planets, and iron meteorites correspond to their core. Thus, the presence of radioactive elements in stony meteorites (in the crust) and their absence in iron meteorites (in the core) confirms the formation of radioactive elements not in the core, but at the contact between the core and the core (mantle). It should also be taken into account that iron meteorites, on average, are much older than stone ones by about one billion years (since the crust is younger than the core). The assumption that elements such as uranium and thorium are inherited from the ancestral environment, and did not arise “simultaneously” with the rest of the elements, is incorrect, since there is radioactivity in younger stone meteorites, but not in older iron ones! Thus, the physical mechanism for the formation of radioactive elements has yet to be found! Perhaps it

something like a tunnel effect in relation to atomic nuclei!

1. The influence of the rotation of the earth around its axis on the evolutionary development of the world

It is known that over the past 600 million years, the animal world of the globe has changed radically at least 14 times. At the same time, over the past 3 billion years, general cooling and great glaciations have been observed on Earth at least 15 times. Considering the scale of paleomagnetism (see Fig.), one can also notice at least 14 zones of variable polarity, i.e. areas of frequent polarity reversal. These zones of alternating polarity, according to this theory of the rotation of the Earth, correspond to periods of time when the Earth had an unsteady (oscillatory effect) direction of rotation around its own axis. That is, during these periods, the most unfavorable conditions for the animal world should be observed with a constant change in daylight hours, temperatures, and also, from a geological point of view, a change in volcanic activity, seismic activity and mountain building.

It should be replaced that the formation of fundamentally new species of the animal world is confined to these periods. For example, at the end of the Triassic there is the longest period (5 million years), during which the first mammals were formed. The appearance of the first reptiles corresponds to the same period in the Carboniferous. The appearance of amphibians corresponds to the same period in Devon. The appearance of angiosperms corresponds to the same period in the Jura, and the appearance of the first birds immediately precedes the same period in the Jura. The appearance of conifers corresponds to the same period in the Carboniferous. The appearance of club mosses and horsetails corresponds to the same period in Devon. The appearance of insects corresponds to the same period in Devon.

Thus, the connection between the appearance of new species and periods with a variable unstable direction of the Earth's rotation is obvious. As for the extinction of individual species, the change in the direction of the Earth's rotation apparently does not have the main decisive effect, the main decisive factor in this case is natural selection!

References.

1. V.A. Volynsky. "Astronomy". Education. Moscow. 1971
2. P.G. Kulikovsky. "Amateur's Guide to Astronomy". Fizmatgiz. Moscow. 1961
3. S. Alekseev. "How Mountains Grow" Chemistry and life of the XXI century №4. 1998 Marine Encyclopedic Dictionary. Shipbuilding. St. Petersburg. 1993
4. Kukal "Great Mysteries of the Earth". Progress. Moscow. 1988
5. I.P. Selinov "Isotopes Volume III". The science. Moscow. 1970 "Rotation of the Earth" TSB volume 9. Moscow.
6. D. Tolmazin. "Ocean in motion" Gidrometeoizdat. 1976
7. A. N. Oleinikov “Geological clock“. Bosom. Moscow. 1987
8. G.S.Grinberg, D.A.Dolin and others. “The Arctic on the threshold of the third millennium“. The science. Saint Petersburg 2000

Our planet is in constant motion, it revolves around the Sun and its own axis. The earth's axis is an imaginary line drawn from the North to the South Pole (they remain motionless during rotation) at an angle of 66 0 33 ꞌ with respect to the plane of the Earth. People cannot notice the moment of rotation, because all objects are moving in parallel, their speed is the same. It would look exactly the same as if we were sailing on a ship and did not notice the movement of objects and objects on it.

A full rotation around the axis is completed within one sidereal day, consisting of 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds. During this interval, then one or the other side of the planet turns towards the Sun, receiving from it a different amount of heat and light. In addition, the rotation of the Earth around its axis affects its shape (flattened poles are the result of the rotation of the planet around its axis) and the deviation when bodies move in a horizontal plane (rivers, currents and winds of the Southern Hemisphere deviate to the left, Northern - to the right).

Linear and angular speed of rotation

(Earth rotation)

The linear speed of the Earth's rotation around its axis is 465 m/s or 1674 km/h in the equatorial zone, as we move away from it, the speed gradually slows down, at the North and South Poles it is equal to zero. For example, for citizens of the equatorial city of Quito (the capital of Ecuador in South America), the rotation speed is just 465 m / s, and for Muscovites living on the 55th parallel north of the equator - 260 m / s (almost half as much) .

Every year, the speed of rotation around the axis decreases by 4 milliseconds, which is associated with the influence of the Moon on the strength of sea and ocean ebb and flow. The pull of the Moon "pulls" the water in the opposite direction to the Earth's axial rotation, creating a slight frictional force that slows the rotation rate by 4 milliseconds. The rate of angular rotation remains the same everywhere, its value is 15 degrees per hour.

Why does day turn into night

(The change of night and day)

The time of a complete revolution of the Earth around its axis is one sidereal day (23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds), during this time period the side illuminated by the Sun is first "in the power" of the day, the shadow side is at the mercy of the night, and then vice versa.

If the Earth rotated differently and one side of it was constantly turned towards the Sun, then there would be a high temperature (up to 100 degrees Celsius) and all the water would evaporate, on the other side, frost would rage and the water would be under a thick layer of ice. Both the first and second conditions would be unacceptable for the development of life and the existence of the human species.

Why do the seasons change

(Change of seasons on earth)

Due to the fact that the axis is tilted with respect to the earth's surface at a certain angle, its sections receive different amounts of heat and light at different times, which causes the change of seasons. According to the astronomical parameters necessary to determine the time of year, some points in time are taken as reference points: for summer and winter, these are the days of the solstice (June 21 and December 22), for spring and autumn - the Equinoxes (March 20 and September 23). From September to March, the Northern Hemisphere is turned towards the Sun for less time and, accordingly, receives less heat and light, hello winter-winter, the Southern Hemisphere at this time receives a lot of heat and light, long live summer! 6 months pass and the Earth moves to the opposite point of its orbit and the Northern Hemisphere already receives more heat and light, the days become longer, the Sun rises higher - summer is coming.

If the Earth were located in relation to the Sun exclusively in a vertical position, then the seasons would not exist at all, because all points on the half illuminated by the Sun would receive the same and uniform amount of heat and light.