Artistic style is a special style of speech that has become widespread both in world fiction in general and in copywriting in particular. It is characterized by high emotionality, direct speech, richness of colors, epithets and metaphors, and is also designed to influence the reader's imagination and acts as a trigger for his fantasy. So, today we are in detail and visually examples consider artistic style of texts and its application in copywriting.

Art style features

As mentioned above, the art style is most often used in fiction: novels, short stories, short stories, short stories and other literary genres. This style is not characterized by value judgments, dryness and formality, which are also characteristic of styles. Instead, for him, the characters are narrative and the transfer of the smallest details in order to form in the reader's imagination a filigree form of the transmitted thought.

In the context of copywriting, the art style has found a new embodiment in hypnotic texts, to which an entire section "" is devoted to this blog. It is the elements of artistic style that allow texts to influence the limbic system of the reader's brain and trigger the mechanisms necessary for the author, due to which a very curious effect is sometimes achieved. For example, the reader cannot tear himself away from the novel, or he develops sexual attraction, as well as other reactions, which we will talk about in subsequent articles.

Art style elements

In any literary text there are elements that are characteristic of the style of its presentation. For the artistic style are most characteristic:

• Detailing
• The transfer of feelings and emotions of the author
• epithets
• Metaphors
• Comparisons
• Allegory
• Using elements of other styles
• Inversion

Let's consider all these elements in more detail and with examples.

1. Detailing in a literary text

The first thing that can be distinguished in all literary texts is the presence of details, and, moreover, to almost everything.

Art style example #1

The lieutenant walked along the yellow building sand, heated by the scorching afternoon sun. He was wet from the tips of his fingers to the tips of his hair, his whole body was covered with scratches from sharp barbed wire and aching with maddening pain, but he was alive and headed for the command headquarters, which was visible on the horizon about five hundred meters away.

2. Transfer of feelings and emotions of the author

Art style example #2

Varenka, such a sweet, good-natured and sympathetic girl, whose eyes always shone with kindness and warmth, with a calm look of a real demon, walked to the Ugly Harry bar with a Thompson machine gun at the ready, ready to roll these vile, dirty, smelly and slippery types who dared stare at her charms and drool lustfully.

3. Epithets

Epithets are most characteristic of literary texts, since they are responsible for the richness of the vocabulary. Epithets can be expressed by a noun, adjective, adverb or verb and are most often bundles of words, one or more of which complement another.

Examples of epithets

Example of artistic style No. 3 (with epithets)

Yasha was just a small dirty trick, which, nevertheless, had a very great potential. Even in his pink childhood, he masterfully stole apples from Aunt Nyura, and not even twenty years had passed, when he switched to banks in twenty-three countries of the world with the same dashing fuse, and managed to peel them so skillfully that neither the police nor Interpol couldn't catch him red-handed.

4. Metaphors

Metaphors are words or expressions in a figurative sense. Found widespread among the classics of Russian fiction.

Art Style Example #4 (Metaphors)

5. Comparisons

Artistic style would not be itself if there were no comparisons in it. This is one of those elements that bring a special flavor to the texts and form associative links in the reader's imagination.

Comparison examples

6. Allegory

An allegory is a representation of something abstract with the help of a concrete image. It is used in many styles, but for artistic it is especially characteristic.

7. Using elements of other styles

Most often, this aspect is manifested in direct speech, when the author conveys the words of a particular character. In such cases, depending on the type, the character can use any of the styles of speech, but the most popular in this case is colloquial.

Art style example #5

The monk drew his staff and stood in the way of the intruder:

Why did you come to our monastery? - he asked.
- What do you care, get out of the way! the stranger snapped.
“Uuuu…” the monk pointedly drawled. Looks like you weren't taught manners. Okay, I'm in the mood today, I'll teach you some lessons.
- You got me, monk, angard! hissed the uninvited guest.
“My blood is starting to play!” the churchman groaned with delight. “Please try not to disappoint me.

With these words, both of them jumped out of their seats and grappled in a merciless fight.

8. Inversion

Inversion is the use of a reverse word order to enhance certain fragments and give words a special stylistic coloring.

Inversion examples

conclusions

In the artistic style of texts, both all of the listed elements, and only some of them, can occur. Each performs a specific function, but all serve the same purpose: to saturate the text and fill it with colors in order to maximally involve the reader in the transmitted atmosphere.

The masters of the art genre, whose masterpieces people read without stopping, use a number of hypnotic techniques, which will be discussed in more detail in subsequent articles. or email the newsletter below, follow the blog on twitter and you won't miss them for anything.

It affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality, and concreteness of speech.

The emotionality of the artistic style differs significantly from the emotionality of the colloquial and journalistic styles. The emotionality of artistic speech performs an aesthetic function. Artistic style involves a preliminary selection of language means; all language means are used to create images.

The artistic style is realized in the form of drama, prose and poetry, which are divided into corresponding genres (for example: tragedy, comedy, drama and other dramatic genres; novel, short story, short story and other prose genres; poem, fable, poem, romance and other poetic genres ).

A distinctive feature of the artistic style of speech is the use of special figures of speech, the so-called artistic tropes, which give color to the narrative, the power of depicting reality.

The artistic style is individually variable, which is why many philologists deny its existence. But it is impossible not to take into account that the individual author's features of the speech of a particular writer arise against the background of the general features of the artistic style.

In the artistic style, everything is subordinated to the goal of creating an image in the perception of the text by readers. This goal is served not only by the use by the writer of the most necessary, most accurate words, due to which the artistic style is characterized by the highest index of vocabulary diversity, not only by the widespread use of the expressive possibilities of the language (figurative meanings of words, updating metaphors, phraseological units, comparisons, personification, etc. .), but also a special selection of any figuratively significant elements of the language: phonemes and letters, grammatical forms, syntactic constructions. They create background impressions, a certain figurative mood among readers.

Art style finds application in fiction, which performs a figurative-cognitive and ideological-aesthetic function.

For the artistic style of speech is typical attention to the particular and the accidental, followed by the typical and the general. Remember "Dead Souls" by N.V. Gogol, where each of the shown landowners personified certain specific human qualities, expressed a certain type, and all together they were the "face" of Russia contemporary to the author.

World of fiction - this is a "recreated" world, the depicted reality is, to a certain extent, the author's fiction, which means that the subjective moment plays the main role in the artistic style of speech. The whole surrounding reality is presented through the vision of the author. But in a literary text we see not only the world of the writer, but also the writer in this world: his preferences, condemnations, admiration, rejection, etc. This is connected with emotionality and expressiveness, metaphoricalness, meaningful diversity of the artistic style of speech.

The basis of the artistic style of speech is the literary Russian language. The word performs a nominative-figurative function.

The lexical composition in the artistic style of speech has its own characteristics. The words that form the basis and create the figurativeness of this style include figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of uses. Highly specialized words are used to a small extent, only to create artistic authenticity in describing certain aspects of life.

In the artistic style of speech is very widely used speech ambiguity of the word, revealing in it meanings and semantic shades, as well as synonymy at all language levels, which makes it possible to emphasize the subtlest shades of meanings. This is explained by the fact that the author strives to use all the richness of the language, to create his own unique language and style, to a bright, expressive, figurative text. The author uses not only the vocabulary of the codified literary language, but also a variety of figurative means from colloquial speech and vernacular.

The emotionality and expressiveness of the image come to the fore in the artistic text. Many words that in scientific speech act as clearly defined abstract concepts, in newspaper and journalistic speech - as socially generalized concepts, in artistic speech carry concrete sensory representations. Thus, the styles are complementary to each other.

For artistic speech especially poetic, inversion is characteristic, i.e. changing the usual order of words in a sentence in order to enhance the semantic significance of the word or to give the whole phrase a special stylistic coloring.

The syntactic structure of artistic speech reflects the flow of figurative and emotional author's impressions, so here you can find the whole variety of syntactic structures. Each author subordinates linguistic means to the fulfillment of his ideological and aesthetic tasks.

In artistic speech, it is possible and deviations from structural norms for the author to highlight some thought, feature that is important for the meaning of the work. They can be expressed in violation of phonetic, lexical, morphological and other norms.

Literary and artistic style- functional style of speech, which is used in fiction. This style affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.

In a work of art, the word not only carries certain information, but also serves to aesthetically influence the reader with the help of artistic images. The brighter and more truthful the image, the stronger it affects the reader.

In their works, writers use, when necessary, not only words and forms of the literary language, but also obsolete dialect and vernacular words.

The emotionality of the artistic style differs significantly from the emotionality of the colloquial and journalistic styles. It performs an aesthetic function. Artistic style involves a preliminary selection of language means; all language means are used to create images. A distinctive feature of the artistic style of speech is the use of special figures of speech, which give the narrative color, the power of depicting reality.

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Video lesson in Russian "Speech styles"

How to develop your own literary style. Mini lecture by Elvira Baryakina

Style Issues

Subtitles

Expressive and visual means of language

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. It:

1. Tropes (comparisons, personifications, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc.)
2. Stylistic figures (epithet, hyperbole, litote, anaphora, epiphora, gradation, parallelism, rhetorical question, silence, etc.)

Trope(from other Greek τρόπος - turnover) - in a work of art, words and expressions used in a figurative sense in order to enhance the figurativeness of the language, the artistic expressiveness of speech.

The main types of trails:

• Metaphor(from other Greek μεταφορά - “transfer”, “figurative meaning”) - a trope, a word or expression used in a figurative meaning, which is based on an unnamed comparison of an object with some other on the basis of their common feature. (“Nature here is destined for us to cut a window into Europe”). Any part of speech in a figurative sense.
• Metonymy(ancient Greek μετονυμία - “renaming”, from μετά - “above” and ὄνομα / ὄνυμα - “name”) - a kind of trail, a phrase in which one word is replaced by another, denoting an object (phenomenon) located in one or another (spatial, temporal, and so on) connection with the subject, which is denoted by the replaced word. The replacement word is used in a figurative sense. Metonymy should be distinguished from metaphor, with which it is often confused, while metonymy is based on the replacement of the word “by contiguity” (part instead of the whole or vice versa, representative instead of class or vice versa, receptacle instead of content or vice versa, and the like), and metaphor - "by similarity." Synecdoche is a special case of metonymy. (“All flags will visit us”, where flags replace countries.)
• Epithet(from other Greek ἐπίθετον - “attached”) - a definition of a word that affects its expressiveness. It is expressed mainly by an adjective, but also by an adverb (“to love passionately”), a noun (“fun noise”), a numeral (“second life”).

An epithet is a word or a whole expression, which, due to its structure and special function in the text, acquires some new meaning or semantic connotation, helps the word (expression) to acquire color, richness. It is used both in poetry (more often) and in prose (“timid breath”; “magnificent sign”).

• Synecdoche(ancient Greek συνεκδοχή) - a trope, a kind of metonymy based on the transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another on the basis of a quantitative relationship between them. (“Everything is sleeping - both man, and beast, and bird”; “We all look at Napoleons”; “In the roof for my family”; “Well, sit down, luminary”; “Most of all, take care of a penny.”)
• Hyperbola(from other Greek ὑπερβολή “transition; excess, excess; exaggeration”) - a stylistic figure of explicit and intentional exaggeration, in order to enhance expressiveness and emphasize the thought said. (“I’ve said it a thousand times”; “We have enough food for six months.”)
• Litota- a figurative expression that downplays the size, strength, meaning of what is being described. A litote is called an inverse hyperbole. ("Your Pomeranian, lovely Pomeranian, no more than a thimble").
• Comparison- a trope in which one object or phenomenon is likened to another according to some common feature for them. The purpose of comparison is to reveal in the object of comparison new properties that are important for the subject of the statement. (“A man is stupid as a pig, but cunning as hell”; “My house is my fortress”; “He walks like a gogol”; “An attempt is not torture.”)
• In stylistics and poetics, paraphrase (paraphrase, paraphrase; from other Greek. περίφρασις - “descriptive expression”, “allegory”: περί - “around”, “about” and φράσις - “statement”) is a trope that descriptively expresses one concept with the help of several.

Paraphrase is an indirect reference to an object by way of description, not naming. (“Night luminary” = “moon”; “I love you, creation of Peter!” = “I love you, St. Petersburg!”).

• allegory (allegory)- conditional representation of abstract ideas (concepts) through a specific artistic image or dialogue.

For example:

The nightingale is sad at the defeated rose, hysterically sings over the flower.

But the garden scarecrow is shedding tears,

who secretly loved the rose.

• personification(personification, prosopopoeia) - tropes, the assignment of the properties of animate objects to inanimate ones. Very often, personification is used in the depiction of nature, which is endowed with certain human features.

For example:

And woe, woe, grief! And grief girded itself with a bast,

Feet are entangled with bast.

folk song

The state is like an evil stepfather, from whom, alas, you can’t run away, because it’s impossible to take with you

Motherland - a suffering mother.

Aidyn Khanmagomedov, Visa Response

• Irony(from other Greek εἰρωνεία - “pretense”) - a trope in which the true meaning is hidden or contradicts (opposed) to the obvious meaning. Irony creates the feeling that the subject matter is not what it seems. (“Where can we, fools, drink tea.”)
• Sarcasm(Greek σαρκασμός, from σαρκάζω, literally “to tear [meat]”) - one of the types of satirical exposure, caustic mockery, the highest degree of irony, based not only on the increased contrast of the implied and expressed, but also on the immediate intentional exposure of the implied.

Sarcasm is a mockery that can open with a positive judgment, but in general it always contains a negative connotation and indicates a lack of a person, object or phenomenon, that is, in relation to what it is happening. Examples.

The book sphere of communication is expressed through the artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.

Artistic style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. The main goal is to influence the reader with the help of sensual images. Tasks by which the goal of artistic style is achieved:

• Creation of a living picture describing the work.
• Transfer of the emotional and sensual state of the characters to the reader.

Art style features

Artistic style has the goal of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The general picture of the application of this style is described through its functions:

• Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
• Ideological and aesthetic. Maintenance of the system of images, through which the writer conveys the idea of ​​the work to the reader, is waiting for a response to the idea of ​​the plot.
• Communicative. The expression of the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is associated with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of the artistic style

To easily define this style of literature, let's pay attention to its features:

• Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical schemes of constructing texts.
• High level of text ordering. The division of prose into chapters, parts; in the play - the division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, the metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the doctrine of the combination of poems, rhyme.
• High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings in one word.
• Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of the characters, as a way of describing the phenomena and events in the work.

The artistic text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out with the help of special means, which are called tropes - linguistic means of expressiveness of speech, words in a figurative sense. Examples of some trails:

• Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the image of the character is complemented.
• Metaphor - the meaning of a word in a figurative sense, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
• An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
• Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatial and temporal similarity.
• Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
• Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where Fiction Style Is Used

The artistic style has absorbed numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope is huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genera, expressing reality in a special way:

• Epos. Shows external unrest, thoughts of the author (description of storylines).
• Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner worries (experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
• Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, a large number of dialogues between characters. Theatrical performances are often made from such a work. Example - The Three Sisters of A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subspecies that can be subdivided into even more specific varieties. Main:

Epic genres:

• Epic is a genre of work in which historical events predominate.
• The novel is a large manuscript with a complex storyline. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
• The story is a work of a smaller volume, which describes the life case of the hero.
• The story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the features of the plot of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

• Ode is a solemn song.
• An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin "Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov."
• An elegy is a lyrical poem.
• A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyming of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre are common in Shakespeare.

Drama genres:

• Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that ridicules social vices.
• Tragedy is a work that describes the tragic fate of heroes, the struggle of characters, relationships.
• Drama - has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define literary text?

It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with an artistic text with a good example. Let's practice to determine what style of text is in front of us, using an example:

“Marat's father, Stepan Porfirievich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from the Astrakhan bandit family. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Michelson plant in Moscow, machine-gun courses in Petrograd ... "

The main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

• This text is built on the transfer of events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that we have a literary text.
• The means used in the example: “the revolutionary whirlwind blew it out, dragged it in” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in a literary text.
• An example of a description of the fate of a person, the environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be parsed in detail according to this principle. If the functions or distinguishing features that are described above are immediately evident, then there is no doubt that you have a literary text in front of you.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the main means and features of a literary text are incomprehensible to you; task examples seem complicated - use a resource such as a presentation. A ready-made presentation with illustrative examples will intelligibly fill in knowledge gaps. The sphere of the school subject "Russian language and literature" serves electronic sources of information on functional styles of speech. Please note that the presentation is concise and informative, contains explanatory tools.

Thus, having understood the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you, and there is a desire to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your study!

Lesson plan:

Theoretical block

Linguistic features of the artistic style of speech

Features of the artistic style and its signs

Spheres of use of the artistic style of speech

Art style genres

The role of the sentence in the text

Text-forming functions of a sentence

Practice block

Working with texts: determining the style of the text and highlighting the language features of each of them

Highlighting the main features of artistic style in texts

Distinguishing substyles and genres of artistic style

Analysis of artistic style texts

Compilation of texts using reference expressions

Tasks for SRO

Bibliography:

1. Russian language: textbook. allowance for students. kaz. otd. un-tov (bachelor's degree) / Ed. K.K. Akhmedyarova, Sh.K. Zharkynbekova. - Almaty: Publishing house "Kazakh un-ti", 2008. - 226 p.

2. Stylistics and culture of speech: Proc. Benefit/E.P. Pleshchenko, N.V. Fedotova, R.G. Chechet; Ed. P.P. Fur coats.–Minsk: "TetraSystems", 2001.– 544 p.

Theoretical block

Artstyle- functional style of speech, which is used in fiction. The artistic style affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.

In a work of art, the word not only carries certain information, but also serves to aesthetically influence the reader with the help of artistic images. The brighter and more truthful the image, the stronger it affects the reader.

In their works, writers use, when necessary, not only words and forms of the literary language, but also obsolete dialect and vernacular words.

The means of artistic expression are varied and numerous. These are tropes: comparisons, personifications, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, etc. And stylistic figures: epithet, hyperbole, litote, anaphora, epiphora, gradation, parallelism, rhetorical question, omission, etc.

The style of fiction has its own specifics. It serves the emotional and aesthetic area of ​​personality activity. The main properties of the artistic style are: a) aesthetic; b) influence on emotions: with the help of artistic images, the feelings and thoughts of readers are influenced; c) communicative: the ability to evoke a response in the mind of the reader, due to which thoughts are transmitted from one person to another.

Art style
Scope of application	The sphere of art, the sphere of fiction
Main functions	The function of emotional and aesthetic impact on the reader
Substyles	prose (epic)	Dramaturgic	Poetic (lyric)
	Novel, short story, story, fairy tale, essay, short story, essay, feuilleton	Tragedy, drama, farce, comedy, tragicomedy	Song, ballad, poem, elegy poem, fable, sonnet, ode
Main style features	Imagery, emotionality, expressiveness, appraisal; manifestation of the creative individuality of the author
General language features	The use of stylistic means of other styles, the use of special figurative and expressive means - tropes and figures

The artistic style of speech is not distinguished by all scientists. Some researchers, highlighting the artistic style among the functional styles of speech, consider its main features:

its use in works of art;

the image with its help of a living picture, object, state, the transfer to the reader of the feelings and moods of the author;

concreteness, figurativeness and emotionality of the statement;

the presence of special linguistic means: words with a specific meaning, with the meaning of comparison, comparison, words in figurative use, emotionally evaluative, etc.

Other scientists consider it as the language of fiction, and the concepts of "artistic style", "style of fiction", "language of fiction" are considered synonymous.