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The solar system is a group of planets revolving in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our system of planets was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. At first, the solar system was a collection of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.

Planets of the solar system

In the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto also belongs to this group of planets, it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its considerable distance from the Sun and its small size, it was excluded from this list and called a dwarf planet. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.

All the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.

The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closer than the others to the Sun.

The gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets are made up mostly of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This neighborhood predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury during the day is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night it is -170 degrees.

1. Mercury is the first planet from the Sun.
2. There are no seasons on Mercury. The tilt of the planet's axis is almost perpendicular to the plane of the planet's orbit around the Sun.
3. The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although the planet is located closest to the Sun. He lost first place to Venus.
4. The first research vehicle to visit Mercury was Mariner 10. It conducted a series of demonstration flybys in 1974.
5. A day on Mercury lasts 59 Earth days, and a year is only 88 days.
6. On Mercury, the most dramatic temperature changes are observed, which reach 610 ° C. During the day, the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
7. The force of gravity on the surface of the planet is only 38% of the Earth's. This means that on Mercury you could jump three times as high, and it would be easier to lift heavy objects.
8. The first telescope observations of Mercury were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Mercury has no natural satellites.
10. The first official map of the surface of Mercury was published only in 2009, thanks to data obtained from the Mariner 10 and Messenger spacecraft.

Venus

This planet is the second from the Sun. In size, it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus is significantly different from our planet. A day here lasts 243 Earth days, and a year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

1. Venus is the second planet from the Sun in the solar system.
2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the sun. Surface temperature can reach 475°C.
   
3. The first spacecraft sent to explore Venus was launched from Earth on February 12, 1961 and was called Venera 1.
4. Venus is one of two planets that has a different direction of rotation than most planets in the solar system.
5. The orbit of the planet around the Sun is very close to circular.
6. The day and night temperatures of the surface of Venus are practically the same due to the large thermal inertia of the atmosphere.
7. Venus makes one revolution around the Sun in 225 Earth days, and one revolution around its axis in 243 Earth days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
8. The first telescope observations of Venus were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Venus has no natural satellites.
10. Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after the Sun and Moon.

Earth

Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun, and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of water in liquid form, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only one of the planets that has such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, the steam contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.

1. Earth is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.a;
2. One natural satellite revolves around our planet - the Moon;
   
3. Earth is the only planet not named after a divine being;
4. The Earth's density is the largest of all the planets in the solar system;
5. The speed of the Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down;
6. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (a conventional measure of length in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km;
7. The earth has a magnetic field strong enough to protect living organisms on its surface from harmful solar radiation;
8. The first artificial Earth satellite called PS-1 (The Simplest Satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Sputnik launch vehicle on October 4, 1957;
9. In orbit around the Earth, compared with other planets, there is the largest number of spacecraft;
10. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth in a row from the Sun and is 1.5 times more distant from it than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than Earth's and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite rarefied, which allows solar radiation to freely affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

When surveyed with the help of rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried riverbeds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. Iron oxide gives Mars its color.

1. Mars is located on the fourth orbit from the Sun;
2. The Red Planet hosts the tallest volcano in the solar system;
   
3. Of the 40 exploration missions sent to Mars, only 18 were successful;
4. Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system;
5. In 30-50 million years, a system of rings will be located around Mars, like that of Saturn;
6. Fragments of Mars have been found on Earth;
7. The sun from the surface of Mars looks half as large as from the surface of the Earth;
   
8. Mars is the only planet in the solar system that has polar ice caps;
9. Two natural satellites revolve around Mars - Deimos and Phobos;
10. Mars has no magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than the earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon, and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen or water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.

1. Jupiter is located in the fifth orbit from the Sun;
2. In the earth's sky, Jupiter is the fourth brightest object, after the Sun, Moon and Venus;
   
3. Jupiter has the shortest day of all the planets in the solar system;
4. In Jupiter's atmosphere, one of the longest and most powerful storms in the solar system, better known as the Great Red Spot, rages;
5. Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, is the largest moon in the solar system;
6. Around Jupiter is a thin system of rings;
7. Jupiter was visited by 8 research vehicles;
   
8. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
   
9. If Jupiter were 80 times more massive, it would become a star;
10. There are 67 natural satellites revolving around Jupiter. This is the largest figure in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day is 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. Thunderstorms and auroras often occur in its upper layers.

1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun;
2. Saturn's atmosphere has some of the strongest winds in the solar system;
   
3. Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
   
4. Around the planet is the largest ring system in the solar system;
5. One day on the planet lasts almost one Earth year and is equal to 378 Earth days;
6. Saturn was visited by 4 research spacecraft;
7. Saturn together with Jupiter make up approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
8. One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
9. There are 62 known natural satellites revolving around the planet;
10. Currently, the automatic interplanetary station Cassini is engaged in the study of Saturn and its rings;

Uranus

Uranus, computer artwork.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "ice planet", as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year is 84 Earth years. At the same time, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit, and it turns out that Uranus, as it were, "lies on its side."

1. Uranus is located in the seventh orbit from the Sun;
2. The first to know about the existence of Uranus was William Herschel in 1781;
   
3. Only one spacecraft has visited Uranus, Voyager 2 in 1982;
4. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
5. The equatorial plane of Uranus is inclined to the plane of its orbit almost at a right angle - that is, the planet rotates retrograde, "lying on its side slightly upside down";
6. The moons of Uranus bear names taken from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope, not from Greek or Roman mythology;
7. A day on Uranus lasts about 17 Earth hours;
8. There are 13 known rings around Uranus;
9. One year on Uranus lasts 84 Earth years;
10. There are 27 known natural satellites revolving around Uranus;

Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. In its composition and size, it is similar to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune belongs to the ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather events occur on its icy surface. However, it has recently been found that Neptune has raging eddies and wind speeds the highest of the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that it has its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6.

1. Neptune is the most distant planet in the solar system and occupies the eighth orbit from the Sun;
2. Mathematicians were the first to know about the existence of Neptune;
   
3. There are 14 moons circling Neptune;
4. The orbit of Nepputna is removed from the Sun by an average of 30 AU;
5. One day on Neptune lasts 16 Earth hours;
6. Neptune has only been visited by one spacecraft, Voyager 2;
7. Around Neptune there is a system of rings;
8. Neptune has the second highest gravity after Jupiter;
9. One year on Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
10. The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

1. Jupiter is considered the largest planet in the solar system.
2. There are 5 dwarf planets in the solar system, one of which was reclassified as Pluto.
3. There are very few asteroids in the solar system.
4. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
5. About 99% of the space (by volume) is occupied by the Sun in the solar system.
6. One of the most beautiful and original places in the solar system is the satellite of Saturn. There you can see a huge concentration of ethane and liquid methane.
7. Our solar system has a tail that resembles a four-leaf clover.
8. The sun follows a continuous 11-year cycle.
9. There are 8 planets in the solar system.
10. The solar system is fully formed thanks to a large gas and dust cloud.
11. Spacecraft flew to all the planets of the solar system.
12. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
13. Uranus has 27 moons.
14. The largest mountain is on Mars.
15. A huge mass of objects in the solar system fell on the sun.
16. The solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
17. The sun is the central object of the solar system.
18. The solar system is often divided into regions.
19. The sun is a key component of the solar system.
20. The solar system was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
21. Pluto is the most distant planet in the solar system.
22. Two regions in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
23. The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
24. If we compare the solar system and space, then it is just a grain of sand in it.
25. Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Vulcan and Pluto.
26. Researchers claim that the solar system was created artificially.
27. The only satellite in the solar system that has a dense atmosphere and whose surface cannot be seen due to cloud cover is Titan.
28. The region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune is called the Kuiper belt.
29. The Oort cloud is a region of the solar system that serves as the source of a comet and a long period of revolution.
30. Every object in the solar system is held there by gravity.
31. The leading theory of the solar system proposes the emergence of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
32. The solar system is considered the most secret particle of the universe.
33. There is a huge asteroid belt in the solar system.
34. On Mars, you can see the eruption of the largest volcano in the solar system, which is called Olympus.
35. Pluto is considered to be the outskirts of the solar system.
36. Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
37. The Moon is the largest satellite in the solar system.
38. The largest asteroid in the solar system is Pallas.
39. The brightest planet in the solar system is Venus.
40. The majority of the solar system is made up of hydrogen.
41. Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
42. The sun heats up slowly.
43. Oddly enough, the largest reserves of water in the solar system are in the sun.
44. The plane of the equator of each planet in the solar system diverges from the plane of the orbit.
45. The satellite of Mars with the name Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
46. The solar system can amaze with its diversity and scale.
47. The planets of the solar system are influenced by the sun.
48. The outer shell of the solar system is considered the haven of satellites and gas giants.
49. A huge number of planetary satellites of the solar system are dead.
50. The largest asteroid, with a diameter of 950 km, is called Ceres.

Pluto by decision of the MAC (International Astronomical Union) no longer refers to the planets of the solar system, but is a dwarf planet and even inferior in diameter to the other dwarf planet Eris. Pluto's designation is 134340.

solar system

Scientists put forward many versions of the origin of our solar system. In the 40s of the last century, Otto Schmidt hypothesized that the solar system arose because cold dust clouds were attracted to the Sun. Over time, clouds formed the foundations of future planets. In modern science, it is Schmidt's theory that is the main one. The solar system is only a small part of a large galaxy called the Milky Way. The Milky Way contains over a hundred billion different stars. It took humanity thousands of years to realize such a simple truth. The discovery of the solar system did not happen immediately, step by step, on the basis of victories and mistakes, a system of knowledge was formed. The main basis for studying the solar system was knowledge about the Earth.

Fundamentals and Theories

The main milestones in the study of the solar system are the modern atomic system, the heliocentric system of Copernicus and Ptolemy. The most likely version of the origin of the system is the Big Bang theory. In accordance with it, the formation of the galaxy began with the "scattering" of the elements of the megasystem. At the turn of the impenetrable house, our solar system was born. The basis of everything is the Sun - 99.8% of the total volume, the planets account for 0.13%, the remaining 0.0003% are various bodies of our system. Scientists divide the planets into two conditional groups . The first includes planets of the Earth type: the Earth itself, Venus, Mercury. The main distinguishing characteristics of the planets of the first group are a relatively small area, hardness, and a small number of satellites. The second group includes Uranus, Neptune and Saturn - they are distinguished by their large size (giant planets), they are formed by helium and hydrogen gases.

In addition to the Sun and planets, our system also includes planetary satellites, comets, meteorites and asteroids.

Particular attention should be paid to the asteroid belts that are located between Jupiter and Mars, and between the orbits of Pluto and Neptune. At the moment, there is no unequivocal version of the emergence of such formations in science.
Which planet is not considered a planet now:

Pluto was considered a planet from the time of its discovery until 2006, but later in the outer part of the solar system many celestial bodies were discovered that were comparable in size to Pluto and even exceeded it. To avoid confusion, a new definition of the planet was given. Pluto did not fall under this definition, so it was assigned a new "status" - a dwarf planet. So, Pluto can serve as an answer to the question: before it was considered a planet, but now it is not. However, some scientists continue to believe that Pluto should be reclassified back into a planet.

Scientists' forecasts

Based on research, scientists say that the sun is approaching the middle of its life path. It is unimaginable to imagine what will happen if the Sun goes out. But scientists say it's not only possible, it's inevitable. The age of the Sun was determined using the latest computer developments and found out that it has about five billion years. According to astronomical law, the life of a star like the Sun lasts about ten billion years. Thus, our solar system is in the middle of the life cycle. What do scientists mean by the word "goes out"? The huge solar energy is the energy of hydrogen, which in the core becomes helium. Every second, about six hundred tons of hydrogen in the core of the Sun is converted into helium. According to scientists, the Sun has already used up most of its hydrogen reserves.

If instead of the Moon there were planets of the solar system:

> Planets

Explore everything planets of the solar system in order and learn the names, new scientific facts and interesting features of the surrounding worlds with photos and videos.

There are 8 planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The first 4 belong to the inner solar system and are considered terrestrial planets. Jupiter and Saturn are large planets of the solar system and representatives of gas giants (huge and filled with hydrogen and helium), while Uranus and Neptune are ice giants (large and represented by heavier elements).

Previously, Pluto was considered the ninth planet, but since 2006 it has moved into the category of dwarf planets. This dwarf planet was first discovered by Clyde Tomb. Now it is one of the largest objects in the Kuiper belt - a cluster of icy bodies on the outer edge of our system. Pluto lost its planetary status after the IAU (International Astronomical Union) revised the concept itself.

According to the decision of the IAU, a planet of the solar system is a body that performs an orbital passage around the Sun, endowed with sufficient mass to form in the form of a sphere and clear the area around it from foreign objects. Pluto could not meet the last requirement, and therefore became a dwarf planet. Other similar objects include Ceres, Makemake, Haumea, and Eridu.

With a small atmosphere, harsh surface features and 5 moons, Pluto is considered the most complex dwarf planet and one of the most amazing planets in our solar system.

But scientists do not lose hope of finding the mysterious Ninth Planet - after they announced a hypothetical object in 2016 that affects bodies from the Kuiper belt by gravity. In terms of parameters, it is 10 times the mass of the Earth and 5,000 times more massive than Pluto. Below is a list of the planets of the solar system with photos, names, descriptions, detailed characteristics and interesting facts for children and adults.

Variety of planets

Astrophysicist Sergei Popov on gas and ice giants, binary star systems and single planets:

Hot planetary coronas

Astronomer Valery Shematovich on the study of gas shells of planets, hot particles in the atmosphere and discoveries on Titan:

Planet	Diameter relative to Earth	Mass, relative to the Earth	Orbital radius, a. e.	Orbital period, Earth years	Day, relative to the earth	Density, kg/m³	satellites
	0,382	0,06	0,38	0,241	58,6	5427	No
	0,949	0,82	0,72	0,615	243	5243	No
	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,0	5515	1
	0,53	0,11	1,52	1,88	1,03	3933	2
	0,074	0,000013	2,76	4,6	0,46	~2000	No
	11,2	318	5,20	11,86	0,414	1326	67
	9,41	95	9,54	29,46	0,426	687	62
	3,98	14,6	19,22	84,01	0,718	1270	27
	3,81	17,2	30,06	164,79	0,671	1638	14
	0,098	0,0017	39,2	248,09	6,3	2203	5
	0,032	0,00066	42,1	281,1	0,03	~1900	2
	0,033	0,00065	45,2	306,28	1,9	~1700	No
	0,1	0,0019	68,03	561,34	1,1	~2400	1

Terrestrial planets of the solar system

The first 4 planets from the Sun are called terrestrial planets because their surface is rocky. Pluto also has a solid surface layer (frozen), but it belongs to the dwarf type planets.

Gas giant planets of the solar system

4 gas giants live in the outer solar system, as they are quite huge and gaseous. But Uranus and Neptune are different because they have more ice. Therefore, they are also called ice giants. However, all gas giants have one thing in common: they are all made up of hydrogen and helium.

The IAU put forward the definition of a planet:

• The object must revolve around the sun;
• Have enough mass to take the shape of a ball;
• Clear your orbital path from foreign objects;

Pluto could not meet the latter requirement, as it shares an orbital path with a huge number of bodies from the Kuiper belt. But not everyone agreed with the definition. However, dwarf planets such as Eris, Haumea and Makemake appeared on the scene.

Ceres also lives between Mars and Jupiter. She was noticed in 1801 and considered a planet. Some still consider it the 10th planet of the solar system.

Dwarf planets of the solar system

Formation of planetary systems

Astronomer Dmitry Wiebe about stone planets and giant planets, the diversity of planetary systems and hot Jupiters:

Solar system planets in order

Below are the characteristics of the 8 major planets of the solar system in order from the sun:

The first planet from the Sun is Mercury

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun. It rotates in an elliptical orbit with a distance of 46-70 million km from the Sun. It spends 88 days on one orbital span, and 59 days on an axial span. Due to the slow rotation, a day spans 176 days. The axial tilt is extremely small.

With a diameter of 4887 km, the first planet from the Sun reaches 5% of the earth's mass. Surface gravity - 1/3 of the earth. The planet is practically devoid of an atmospheric layer, so it is hot during the day and freezes at night. The temperature mark fluctuates between +430°C and -180°C.

There is a crater surface and an iron core. But the magnetic field is inferior to the earth. Initially, radars indicated the presence of water ice at the poles. The Messenger confirmed the assumptions and found deposits at the bottom of the craters, which are all the time immersed in shadow.

The first planet from the Sun is located close to the star, so it can be seen before dawn and just after sunset.

• Name: the messenger of the gods in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 4878 km.
• Orbit: 88 days.
• Day length: 58.6 days.

Second planet from the Sun - Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Travels in an almost circular orbit at a distance of 108 million km. It comes closest to the Earth and can reduce the distance to 40 million km.

It spends 225 days on an orbital path, and an axial rotation (clockwise) lasts 243 days. A day covers 117 Earth days. The axial tilt is 3 degrees.

In diameter (12100 km), the second planet from the Sun almost converges with the earth and reaches 80% of the earth's mass. The gravity indicator is 90% of the earth. The planet has a dense atmospheric layer, where the pressure is 90 times higher than the earth's. The atmosphere is filled with carbon dioxide with thick sulfur clouds, which creates a powerful greenhouse effect. It is because of this that the surface warms up by 460 ° C (the hottest planet in the system).

The surface of the second planet from the Sun is hidden from direct observation, but scientists managed to create a map using radar. Sheltered by large volcanic plains with two huge continents, mountains and valleys. There are also impact craters. A weak magnetic field is observed.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: Roman goddess responsible for love and beauty.
• Diameter: 12104 km.
• Orbit: 225 days.
• Day length: 241 days.

Third planet from the Sun - Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the largest and densest of the inner planets. The orbital path is 150 million km away from the Sun. It has a single companion and developed life.

The orbital flyby takes 365.25 days, and the axial rotation takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds. The length of the day is 24 hours. The axial tilt is 23.4 degrees, and the diameter index is 12742 km.

The third planet from the Sun was formed 4.54 billion years ago and the Moon has been nearby for most of its existence. It is believed that the satellite appeared after a huge object crashed into the Earth and pulled material into orbit. It was the Moon that stabilized the earth's axial tilt and acts as a source of tide formation.

The satellite in diameter covers 3747 km (27% of the Earth's) and is located at a distance of 362000-405000 km. Experiencing a planetary gravitational effect, due to which it slowed down the axial rotation and fell into the gravitational block (therefore, one side is turned towards the Earth).

The planet is protected from stellar radiation by a powerful magnetic field formed by an active core (molten iron).

• Diameter: 12760 km.
• Orbit: 365.24 days.
• Day length: 23 hours and 56 minutes.

The fourth planet from the Sun is Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The red planet moves along an eccentric orbital path - 230 million km. It spends 686 days on one flight around the Sun, and an axial rotation - 24 hours and 37 minutes. It is tilted at 25.1 degrees and a day lasts 24 hours and 39 minutes. The slope resembles the Earth, so it has seasons.

The diameter of the fourth planet from the Sun (6792 km) is half that of the earth, and the mass reaches 1/10 of the earth. The gravity indicator is 37%.

Mars is unprotected as a magnetic field, so the original atmosphere was destroyed by the solar wind. The devices recorded the outflow of atoms into space. As a result, the pressure reaches 1% of the earth's, and a thin atmospheric layer is represented by 95% carbon dioxide.

The fourth planet from the Sun is extremely frosty, where temperatures drop to -87°C in winter and rise to -5°C in summer. It is a dusty place with gigantic storms capable of covering the entire surface.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Title: Roman god of war.
• Diameter: 6787 km.
• Orbit: 687 days.
• Day length: 24 hours and 37 minutes.

Fifth planet from the Sun - Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. In addition, in front of you is the largest planet in the system, which is 2.5 times more massive than all the planets and covers 1/1000 of the solar mass.

It is 780 million km away from the Sun and spends 12 years on an orbital path. It is filled with hydrogen (75%) and helium (24%) and may have a rocky core immersed in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 110,000 km. The total planetary diameter is 142,984 km.

In the upper layer of the atmosphere there are 50-kilometer clouds, represented by ammonia crystals. They are in lanes moving at different speeds and latitudes. The Great Red Spot, a large-scale storm, seems noteworthy.

The fifth planet from the Sun spends 10 hours on an axial rotation. This is a rapid speed, which means that the equatorial diameter is 9000 km more than the polar one.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: the main god in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 139822 km.
• Orbit: 11.9 years.
• Day length: 9.8 hours.

The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. Saturn is in the 2nd position in terms of scale in the system, exceeding the earth's radius by 9 times (57,000 km) and 95 times more massive.

It is 1400 million km away from the Sun and spends 29 years on an orbital flight. Filled with hydrogen (96%) and helium (3%). May have a rocky core in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 56,000 km. The upper layers are represented by liquid water, hydrogen, ammonium hydrosulfide and helium.

The core is heated up to 11700°C and produces more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. The higher we climb, the lower the degree drops. At the top, the temperature is kept at -180°C and 0°C at a depth of 350 km.

The cloud layers of the sixth planet from the Sun resemble the picture of Jupiter, but they are fainter and wider. There is also the Great White Spot, a brief periodic storm. It spends 10 hours and 39 minutes on an axial turn, but it is difficult to give an exact figure, since there are no fixed surface features.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: god of economy in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 120500 km.
• Orbit: 29.5 days.
• Day length: 10.5 hours.

The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Uranus is a representative of the ice giants and is the 3rd largest in the system. In diameter (50,000 km) it is 4 times larger than the earth and 14 times more massive.

It is distant by 2900 million km and spends 84 years on the orbital path. Surprisingly, according to the axial tilt (97 degrees), the planet literally rotates on its side.

It is believed that there is a small rocky core around which a mantle of water, ammonia and methane is concentrated. This is followed by a hydrogen, helium and methane atmosphere. The seventh planet from the Sun is also distinguished by the fact that it does not radiate more internal heat, so the temperature mark drops to -224 ° C (the frostiest planet).

• Discovery: Noticed by William Herschel in 1781.
• Name: personification of the sky.
• Diameter: 51120 km.
• Orbit: 84 years old.
• Day length: 18 hours.

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. Neptune has been the official last planet in the solar system since 2006. The diameter is 49,000 km, and in terms of massiveness it is 17 times larger than the earth.

It is distant by 4500 million km and spends 165 years on an orbital flight. Due to the remoteness, only 1% of solar radiation (compared to Earth) enters the planet. The axial tilt is 28 degrees, and the rotation is completed in 16 hours.

The meteorology of the eighth planet from the Sun is more pronounced than that of Uranus, so powerful storm actions can be seen at the poles in the form of dark spots. The wind accelerates to 600 m/s, and the temperature mark drops to -220°C. The core is heated up to 5200°C.

• Discovery: 1846.
• Title: Roman god of water.
• Diameter: 49530 km.
• Orbit: 165 years.
• Day length: 19 hours.

This is a small world, inferior in size to the terrestrial satellite. The orbit intersects with Neptune and in 1979-1999. it could be considered the 8th planet in terms of distance from the Sun. Pluto will remain beyond the orbit of Neptune for more than two hundred years. The orbital path is tilted to the system plane by 17.1 degrees. Frosty World visited New Horizons in 2015.

• Discovery: 1930 - Clyde Tombaugh.
• Title: Roman god of the underworld.
• Diameter: 2301 km.
• Orbit: 248 years.
• Day length: 6.4 days.

The ninth planet is a hypothetical object residing in the outer system. Its gravity should explain the behavior of trans-Neptunian objects.

> Solar system planets in order

Explore solar system planets in order. High quality photo, the place of the Earth and a detailed description of each planet around the Sun: from Mercury to Neptune.

Let's look at the planets in the solar system in order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

What is a planet?

According to the criteria established by the IAU in 2006, an object is considered a planet:

• residing on an orbital path around the Sun;
• has sufficient massiveness for hydrostatic balance;
• cleared the surroundings of foreign bodies;

This led to the fact that Pluto could not meet the last point and moved into the category of dwarf planets. For the same reason, Ceres is no longer an asteroid, but has joined Pluto.

But there are also trans-Neptunian objects, which are considered a subcategory of dwarf planets and are called the plutoid class. These are celestial bodies orbiting Neptune. This includes Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Eris and Makemake.

Solar system planets in order

Let's now study our planets in the solar system in order of increasing distance from the Sun with a high quality photo.

Mercury

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun, 58 million km away. Despite this, it is not considered the hottest planet.

Now considered the smallest planet, inferior in size to the satellite Ganymede.

• Diameter: 4,879 km
• Mass: 3.3011 × 10 23 kg (0.055 Earth).
• Length of the year: 87.97 days.
• Day length: 59 days.
• Included in the category of terrestrial planets. The crater surface resembles the earth's moon.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 17 kg on Mercury.
• There are no satellites.
• The temperature reading ranges from -173 to 427 °C (-279 to 801 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Only 2 missions were sent: Mariner 10 in 1974-1975. and MESSENGER, which flew past the planet three times before entering orbit in 2011.

Venus

It is 108 million km away from the Sun and is considered an earthly sister, because it is similar in parameters: 81.5% of the mass, 90% of the earth's area and 86.6% of its volume.

Due to the thick atmospheric layer, Venus has become the hottest planet in the solar system, where the temperature rises to 462°C.

• Diameter: 12104 km.
• Weight: 4.886 x 10 24 kg (0.815 Earth)
• Length of the year: 225 days.
• Day length: 243 days.
• Temperature heating: 462°C.
• The dense and toxic atmospheric layer is filled with carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) with droplets of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
• There are no satellites.
• Characterized by retrograde rotation.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 41 kg on Venus.
• It has been called the Morning and Evening Star because it is often brighter than any other object in the sky and is usually visible at dawn or dusk. Often even mistaken for a UFO.
• Sent over 40 missions. Magellan mapped 98% of the planet's surface in the early 1990s.

Earth

Earth is a native home, living at a distance of 150 million km from the star. So far, the only world that has life.

• Diameter: 12760 km.
• Weight: 5.97 x 10 24 kg.
• Length of the year: 365 days.
• Day length: 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.
• Surface heating: medium - 14°C, with ranges from -88°C to 58°C.
• The surface is constantly changing and 70% is covered by oceans.
• There is one satellite.
• Atmospheric composition: nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and other gases (1%).
• The only world with life.

Mars

The red planet, distant at 288 million km. It got its second name because of the reddish hue created by iron oxide. Mars resembles Earth due to its axial rotation and tilt, which creates seasonality.

There are also many familiar surface features, such as mountains, valleys, volcanoes, deserts, and ice caps. The atmosphere is thin, so the temperature drops to -63 o C.

• Diameter: 6787 km.
• Weight: 6.4171 x 1023 kg (0.107 earth).
• Length of the year: 687 days.
• Day length: 24 hours and 37 minutes.
• Surface temperature: Average - approx. -55°C with a range of -153°C to +20°C.
• Belongs to the category of terrestrial planets. The rocky surface has been affected by volcanoes, asteroid attacks, and atmospheric effects such as dust storms.
• The thin atmosphere is represented by carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar). If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 17 kg on Mars.
• There are two tiny moons: Phobos and Deimos.
• It is called the Red Planet because the iron minerals in the soil oxidize (rust).
• More than 40 spacecraft have been sent.

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, living at a distance of 778 million km from the Sun. It is 317 times larger than the Earth and 2.5 times larger than all the planets combined. Represented by hydrogen and helium.

The atmosphere is considered the most intense, where the wind speeds up to 620 km/h. There are also amazing auroras that almost never stop.

• Diameter: 428400 km.
• Mass: 1.8986 × 10 27 kg (317.8 Earth).
• Length of the year: 11.9 years.
• Day length: 9.8 hours.
• Temperature indicator: -148°C.
• There are 67 known moons, and 17 more moons are awaiting confirmation of their discovery. Jupiter is like a mini system!
• In 1979, Voyager 1 noticed a faint ring system.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 115 kg on Jupiter.
• The Great Red Spot is a large-scale storm (larger than the Earth) that has not stopped for hundreds of years. In recent years, there has been a downward trend.
• Many missions have flown past Jupiter. The last one arrived in 2016 - Juno.

Saturn

Remote by 1.4 billion km. Saturn is a gas giant with a chic ring system. There are gas layers concentrated around a solid core.

• Diameter: 120500 km.
• Mass: 5.66836 × 10 26 kg (95.159 Earth).
• Length of the year: 29.5 years.
• Day length: 10.7 hours.
• Temperature mark: -178 ° С.
• Atmospheric composition: hydrogen (H2) and helium (He).
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get about 48 kg on Saturn.
• There are 53 known satellites with an additional 9 pending confirmation.
• 5 missions were sent to the planet. Cassini has been in charge of the system since 2004.

Uranus

Lives at a distance of 2.9 billion km. It belongs to the class of ice giants due to the presence of ammonia, methane, water and hydrocarbons. Methane also creates a blue appearance.

Uranus is the coldest planet in the system. The seasonal cycle is quite bizarre, as it lasts 42 years for each hemisphere.

• Diameter: 51120 km.
• Length of the year: 84 years.
• Day length: 18 hours.
• Temperature mark: -216°С.
• Most of the planetary mass is represented by a hot dense liquid of "ice" materials: water, ammonia and methane.
• Atmospheric composition: hydrogen and helium with a small admixture of methane. Methane causes a blue-green tint.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 41 kg on Uranus.
• There are 27 satellites.
• There is a weak ring system.
• The only ship sent to the planet was Voyager 2.